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between the tip and the underlying surface force it to spin with the axis steady and upright. Contrary to what is sometimes assumed, longstanding scientific studies (and easy experimentations reproducible by anyone) show that reducing the friction increases the time needed to reach this stable state
141:
Spinning tops emerged independently in various cultures worldwide and are considered among the oldest known toys discovered by archaeologists. They have been unearthed on every continent except
Antarctica. For instance, tops were dating back to around 1250 BCE that have been found in China, while a
660:
story "Scut Farkas and the
Murderous Mariah" revolves around top-spinning in the fictional Depression-era American city of Hohman, Indiana. The bully and the named top in the title are challenged by Shepherd's ongoing protagonist Ralph and a so-called "gypsy top" of similar design to Mariah named
360:
Some larger models are set in motion by means of a built-in metal auger (spiral plunger). In these models, the actual top may be enclosed in a hollow metal shell, with the same axis but decoupled from it; so that the toy may appear to be stationary but "magically" balanced on its tip.
622:, finally causing the top to topple and roll some distance on its side. In the "sleep" period, and only in it, provided it is ever reached, less friction means longer "sleep" time (whence the common error that less friction implies longer global spinning time).
344:
In some throwing styles, the top is thrown upside-down, but the first loop of the rope is wound around a stubby "head". Then, the sudden yank on the head as the string finishes unwinding causes the spinning top to flip over and land on its tip.
223:
experiments of
Professor J. D. Forbes, which I witnessed in 1849… that blue and yellow do not make green, but a pinkish tint, when neither prevails in the combination… result of mixing yellow and blue was, I believe, not previously
333:
tightly coiled around the body. The rope is best wound starting near the tip and progressing up along the widening body, so that the tension of the string will remain roughly constant while the top's angular speed increases.
686:
album in 1984, named, and at least partially inspired, by the toy of the same name. The album includes the title track in which the sound of a spinning top can be heard at the beginning of the song.
95:, where each player tries to keep one's top spinning for as long as possible or achieve some other goal. Some tops have faceted bodies with symbols or inscriptions, and are used like
567:, that reduces the friction with the ground surface. Functional art tops have become collectibles built using varied techniques in metal-working, glass-working, and wood-working.
970:
128:
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for a few seconds, spin upright for a while, then start to wobble again with increasing amplitude as it loses energy, and finally tip over and roll on its side.
614:(unless the top is so unbalanced that it falls over before reaching it). After spinning upright (in the so-called "sleep" position) for an extended period, the
1165:
Greenler, Robert. "Chasing the
Rainbow - Recurrences in the life of a scientist". Elton-Wolf Publishing, 2000. The top spinners from Kota Baru, Malaysia.
644:
There are many official competitions for top spinning as a sport, such as the U. S. National
Championships and the World Championships. During the
602:
of its body, a top that is started on a hard surface will usually keep spinning for tens of seconds or more, even without additional energy input.
230:
1119:
908:
348:
Alternatively, tops of this class may be started by hand but then accelerated and kept in motion by striking them repeatedly with a small
274:
Maxwell took this a step further by using a circular scale around the rim with which to measure the ratios of the primaries, choosing
1756:
325:
A typical fist-sized model, traditionally made of wood with a blunt iron tip, is meant to be set in motion by briskly pulling a
1526:
761:
1168:
Perry J. "Spinning Tops". London
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1870. Reprinted by Project Gutemberg ebook, 2010.
860:
877:
710: spinning top, with the song "Spin the Magic", was chosen as the theme art and the main motif for the 20th edition of
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as possible predecessors to the top, which he assumes was invented or discovered multiple times in multiple places.
219:). By rapidly spinning the top, Forbes created the illusion of a single color that was a mixture of the primaries:
337:
These tops may be thrown forward while firmly grasping the end of the string and pulling it back. The forward
147:
229:
James Clerk
Maxwell, Experiments on colour, as perceived by the eye, with remarks on colour-blindness (1855),
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20:
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The ubiquity of spinning tops lends to the fact that the toy is used to name many living things such as
80:, often with a metal tip. They may be set in motion by twirling a handle with the fingers, by pulling a
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633:. These variables however are constrained by the need to prevent the body from touching the ground.
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703:. In the final shot, the camera moves over the spinning top just before it appears to be wobbling.
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514:, a six-sided top, very similar to the dreidel, that is used for a similar game in Latin America.
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Because of the small contact area between the tip and the underlying surface, and the large
132:
Ancient Roman wooden spinning top, from
Tebtynis (Egypt), dating from the 1st–3rd century CE
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Smaller tops have a short stem, and are set in motion by twirling it using the fingers. A
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Gould classifies tops into six main types: twirler, supported top, peg-top, whip-top,
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Asymmetric tops of virtually any shape can also be created and designed to balance.
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ACM Conference on
Computer Graphics & Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH) 2014
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of the top contributes to the string's tension and thus to the final spin rate.
26:
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in generating randomized results; it is in this case referred to as a spinner.
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Modern tops have several sophisticated improvements, such as ball bearings of
1750:
1591:
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1392:
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1338:
1120:"Inception Ending Explained: Why It Doesn't Matter If The Spinning Top Falls"
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459:
431:
253:
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990:
An
Elementary Treatment of the Theory of Spinning Tops and Gyroscopic Motion
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will gradually lessen (mainly due to friction), leading to ever increasing
468:
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The total spinning time of a top is generally increased by increasing its
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contests would be often held online, with contestants submitting videos.
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coiled around the body, or through a built-in auger (spiral plunger).
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A forum discussing all things related to the art of Top Spinning:
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with a squat body and a sharp point at the bottom, designed to be
1626:
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1409:
1075:
Shepherd, Jean (1976). "Scut Farkas and the Murderous Mariah" in
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The top is a focal element and metaphysical symbol in the movie
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carved wooden top from approximately 2000 BCE was discovered in
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A top may be used to demonstrate visual properties, such as by
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1020:"Spin-It: Optimizing Moment of Inertia for Spinnable Objects"
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Some modern tops are kept perpetually in motion by spinning
1138:"'Spin The Magic' revealed as Junior Eurovision 2022 theme"
1077:
Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories and Other Disasters
556:
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166:
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81:
69:
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are spun as tops upon one of their points or used to play
120:, whose name comes from the Latin roots for spinning top.
43:
1055:
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Besides toys, tops have also historically been used for
875:
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may also be made to spin on its tip in the same way.
68:
Tops exist in many variations and materials, chiefly
1226:
906:
587:The motion of a top is described by equations of
520:, or celt, a top that reverses its spin direction
202:
1748:
1056:"ITSA – International Top Spinners Association"
1014:Bächer, Moritz; Whiting, Emily; Bickel, Bernd;
231:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1212:
879:The Natural Philosophy of James Clerk Maxwell
848:
605:Typically the top will at first wobble until
986:
937:
910:The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell
823:
1219:
1205:
982:
980:
963:National Recreation Association (1965).
849:Tames, Richard; Williams, Brian (2003).
802:Timothy S. Y. Lam Museum of Anthropology
795:
574:
546:
310:
262:Maxwell's color top (1895) and one from
127:
25:
977:
828:. NY: Clarkson Potter. pp. 20–24.
392:A cheap plastic version of the perinola
61:Once set in motion, a top will usually
1749:
762:Lagrange, Euler, and Kovalevskaya tops
1200:
1079:. New York: Doubleday Dolphin Books.
651:
306:
942:. NY: Clarkson Potter. p. 32.
819:
817:
289:
13:
1159:
855:. Capstone Classroom. p. 24.
481:, traditionally played during the
364:
294:
54:, balancing on the tip due to the
14:
1793:
798:"Summer Fun: Make a Spinning Top"
1347:
1187:The New Student's Reference Work
993:. London: Longman, Green and C.
973:from the original on 2013-11-13.
814:
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252:
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1757:2nd-millennium BC introductions
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639:
87:Such toys have been used since
1007:
956:
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876:Harman, Peter Michael (1998).
869:
842:
789:
712:Junior Eurovision Song Contest
203:Color demonstrations with tops
30:An assortment of spinning tops
1:
907:Maxwell, James Clerk (2003).
796:Cromwell, Sara (2022-06-24).
782:
591:, specifically the theory of
373:from a special ground plate.
21:Spinning top (disambiguation)
7:
725:
91:in solitary or competitive
10:
1798:
884:Cambridge University Press
570:
551:Modern functional art tops
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18:
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1345:
1238:
495:, a throwing top used in
355:
714:, which will be held in
265:Popular Science Monthly
215:in Maxwell's disc (see
1018:(August 10–14, 2014).
852:Ancient Roman Children
584:
552:
475:Gaming and other tops
322:
235:
133:
31:
1016:Sorkine-Hornung, Olga
987:Crabtree, H. (1909).
938:Gould, D. W. (1973).
824:Gould, D. W. (1973).
752:Gee-haw whammy diddle
593:rotating rigid bodies
578:
550:
314:
221:
131:
29:
1488:Juggling Conventions
1329:Rubenstein's Revenge
1098:The Complete Stories
695:(2010), directed by
667:is a short story by
165:use tops to augment
148:toys in ancient Rome
146:. Tops were used as
19:For other uses, see
1721:Rhythmic gymnastics
1232:object manipulation
1142:junioreurovision.tv
589:rigid body dynamics
536:, or "Whipping top"
213:James Clerk Maxwell
1126:. 13 January 2022.
915:Dover Publications
652:In popular culture
600:rotational inertia
585:
553:
323:
209:James David Forbes
163:role-playing games
144:Tutankhamun's tomb
134:
103:into games or for
32:
1744:
1743:
1597:Coin manipulation
1036:on 10 August 2014
862:978-1-4034-0518-0
701:Leonardo DiCaprio
697:Christopher Nolan
646:COVID-19 pandemic
631:center of gravity
629:and lowering its
627:moment of inertia
307:Strings and whips
117:Cyclosa turbinata
56:gyroscopic effect
1789:
1762:Traditional toys
1622:Flair bartending
1602:Contact juggling
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1029:. Archived from
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565:tungsten carbide
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318:Children's Games
290:Spinning methods
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50:on its vertical
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708:Armenian-styled
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428:Competing tops
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371:magnetic fields
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365:Magnetic fields
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295:Finger twirling
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172:Gould mentions
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1777:Game equipment
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1582:Baton twirling
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1427:Flagging dance
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1095:Kafka, Franz.
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969:. p. 92.
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1736:World records
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1577:Alaskan yo-yo
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1632:Hoop rolling
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1467:Trick roping
1405:Cup-and-ball
1186:
1173:iTopSpin.com
1146:. Retrieved
1144:. 2022-09-26
1141:
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1782:Tutankhamun
1767:Wooden toys
1592:Chinese top
1422:Fingerboard
1398:Indian club
1376:Bouncy ball
1298:Mills' Mess
1180:"Top"
757:ForeverSpin
673:Franz Kafka
284:ultramarine
185:rattlebacks
1751:Categories
1676:Rattleback
1617:Fire staff
1381:Hacky sack
1148:2022-09-26
1124:Slash Film
966:Recreation
807:2024-05-01
783:References
678:Rock band
620:precession
581:precessing
559:or a hard
518:Rattleback
501:Bangladesh
408:rattleback
195:, and the
189:fire-drill
111:purposes.
105:divination
101:randomness
99:to inject
1417:Fan dance
1388:Cigar box
1303:Multiplex
1293:Jollyball
1040:15 August
692:Inception
682:released
583:gyroscope
529:Tippe top
301:thumbtack
276:vermilion
89:antiquity
1716:Jugglers
1612:Fire fan
1572:Astrojax
1564:twirling
1371:Bean bag
1313:Siteswap
1308:Notation
1288:Joggling
1278:Fountain
1240:Patterns
1228:Juggling
1061:23 April
971:Archived
737:Beyblade
726:See also
680:The Cure
669:bohemian
607:friction
524:Teetotum
512:Perinola
487:Hanukkah
467:, among
455:Malaysia
446:Beyblade
339:momentum
227:—
159:prophecy
155:gambling
1704:History
1699:Culture
1627:Hooping
1559:Balance
1410:Kendama
1324:Passing
1268:Columns
1258:Cascade
1192:. 1914.
1109:, 1995.
940:The Top
826:The Top
742:Diabolo
720:Armenia
716:Yerevan
684:The Top
671:writer
665:The Top
571:Physics
561:ceramic
540:Wizzzer
479:Dreidel
465:Tuj lub
437:Beigoma
280:emerald
187:), the
161:. Some
137:Origins
124:History
78:plastic
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1664:tricks
1644:Meteor
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1537:JISCON
1480:events
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224:known.
191:, the
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1731:Terms
1726:Robot
1692:Other
1683:Yo-yo
1493:BACAF
1462:Torch
1447:Knife
1358:Props
1273:Flash
1245:forms
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767:Jacks
563:like
497:India
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453:, in
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174:maple
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1562:and
1478:and
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1317:list
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1243:and
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