408:, or "pardoned," meaning his life is spared due to outstanding behavior in the bullring, leading the audience to petition the president of the ring with white handkerchiefs. The bullfighter joins the petition, as it is a great honor to have a bull one has fought pardoned. The president pardons the bull showing an orange handkerchief. The bull, if he survives his injuries, which are usually severe, is then returned to the ranch he was bred at, where he will live out his days in the fields. In most cases, he will become a "seed bull", mated once with some 30 cows. Four years later, his offspring will be tested in the ring. If they fight well, he may be bred again. An "indultado" bull's lifespan can be 20 to 25 years.
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401:. Under Spanish law they must be at least four years old and reach the weight of 460 kg to fight in a first-rank bullring, 435 kg for a second-rank one, and 410 kg for third-rank rings. They must also have fully functional vision and even horns (which have not been tampered with) and be in generally good condition.
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is only of their aggression towards the horse, as regulations forbid their charging a man on the ground before they enter the bullfighting ring. They learn how to use their horns in tests of strength and dominance with other bulls. Due to their special aggression, these combats can lead to severe
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The bulls were fought under the name of Juan Miura until his death in 1854. Then they were under the name of his widow, Josefa Fernández de Miura. After her death, the livestock bore the name of her eldest son
Antonio Miura Fernández from 1869 to 1893 and then the younger brother, Eduardo Miura
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Fighting bulls are characterized by their aggressive behavior, especially when solitary or unable to flee. Many are colored black or dark brown, but other colorations are normal. They reach maturity slower than meat breeds as they were not selected to be heavy, having instead a well-muscled
522:
There are certain strains of bull with a marked ability to learn from what goes on in the arena ... faster than the actual fight progresses which makes it more difficult from one minute to the next to control them ... these bulls are raised by Don
Eduardo Miura's sons from old fighting
295:, a complex of muscles over the shoulder and neck which gives the bull its distinctive profile and strength with its horns. The horns are longer than in most other breeds and are present in both males and females. Mature bulls weigh from 408.2 to 700 kg (900 to 1,543 lb).
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Among fighting cattle, there are several "encastes" or subtypes of the breed. Of the so-called "foundational breeds", only the bloodlines of
Vistahermosa, Vázquez, Gallardo and Cabrera remain today. In the cases of the last two only the ranches of
355:
or in the
Portuguese Montados, which are often havens for Iberian wildlife as the farming techniques used are extensive. Both male and female calves spend their first year of life with their mothers; then they are weaned,
303:
and Pablo Romero are deeply influenced by them. The so-called "modern foundational bloodlines" are
Saltillo, Murube, Parladé and Santa Coloma, all of which are primarily composed of Vistahermosa blood.
378:
If fit for bullfighting, bulls will return to their peers. Cows passing the tienta are kept for breeding and will be slaughtered only when they can bear no more calves.
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primarily for a certain combination of aggression, energy, strength and stamina. In order to preserve their natural traits, during breeding the bulls rarely encounter
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The females are more thoroughly tested, including by a bullfighter with his capes; hence a bull's "courage" is often said to descend from his mother.
457:
317:. The red coloring is traditional and is believed to both conceal blood stains and provide a suitable light-dark contrast against the arena floor.
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on April 30, 1849. The Miura derives from five historic lines of
Spanish bull: the Gallardo, Cabrera, Navarra, Veragua, and Vistahermosa-Parladé.
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to turn his back on a Miura. Miura bulls have been referred to as individualists, each bull seemingly possessing a strong personal character.
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311:, rendering them red-green colorblind and falsifying the idea that the color red makes them angry; they just respond to the movements of the
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240:. Although the actual origins are disputed, genetic studies have indicated that the breeding stock have an unusually old genetic pool.
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Bulls from the Miura lineage have a reputation for being large, fierce, and cunning. It is said to be especially dangerous for a
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where it took root during colonial rule, as well as parts of
Southern France, where bullfighting spread during the 19th century.
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For the males, this establishes if they are suitable for breeding, the bullfight, or slaughter for meat. The testing for the
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687:"Real Decreto 145/1996, de 2 de febrero, por el que se modifica y da nueva redacción al Reglamento de Espectáculos Taurinos"
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602:. Miguel A. García Dory, Silvio Martínez Vicente y Fernando Orozco Piñán. Alianza Editorial, 1990, Madrid. Página 228.
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485:) is known for producing large and difficult fighting bulls. A Miura bull debuted in
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In May 2010, Spanish scientists cloned the breed for the first time. The calf, named
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At three years old males are no longer considered calves; they are known as
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The aggression of the bull has been maintained (or augmented, see above) by
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injuries and even death of the bulls, at great cost to their breeders.
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Beef: The Untold Story of How Milk, Meat, and Muscle Shaped the World.
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Beef: The Untold Story of How Milk, Meat, and Muscle Shaped the World.
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Death and money in the afternoon: a history of the
Spanish bullfight
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A Spanish
Fighting Bull. Breed: Vegahermosa. Feria de Córdoba 2009
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The fighting bull is considered a symbol of Spain as in this
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Fighting cattle are bred on wide-ranging ranches in Spain's
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Some commentators trace the origins of the fighting bull to
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875:(Illustrated ed.). MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company.
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270:, was cloned from a bull named Vasito and implanted in a
19:"Toro Bravo" redirects here. For the restaurant, see
854:(Illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press US.
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Spain of the
Spanish (Countries and Peoples Series)
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1469:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)
132:A Spanish Fighting Bull in Seville in April 2009.
1625:
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661:Club Taurino of London. November–December 1996.
600:Guía de campo de las razas autóctonas españolas
247:and has come to be popular among the people of
16:Cattle breed used in bull fights and spectacles
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730:. Ganadería Miura. Archived 24 August 2018.
206:, and if so, never encounter them on foot.
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404:A very few times each year a bull will be
548:survived 24 jabs with the lance from the
385:and are ready for bullfighting, although
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1426:Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes
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329:Breeding of Spanish fighting bulls near
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554:in a fight on 5 October, 1879, against
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869:Grühsem, Stephan; Vann, Peter (2006).
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824:, Espasa Calpe, 2007, Spanien, p 584.
670:Fraser, Dr Evan & Rimas, Andrew.
236:and their use for arena games in the
174:) population. It is exclusively bred
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
777:. September 8, 1947. Archived from
493:Fernández until his death in 1917.
13:
1639:Cattle breeds originating in Spain
872:Lamborghini Today: A Tempo Furioso
635:"Spain clones first fighting bull"
389:are for training bullfighters, or
291:"athletic" look, with a prominent
14:
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1421:California Academy of Tauromaquia
618:Fraser, Evan & Rimas, Andrew.
198:is organized. Fighting bulls are
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837:Villiers-Wardell, Janie (1914).
771:"PLAIN PEOPLE: The Best Is Dead"
659:'The Foundational Bull Ranches.'
420:A Miura bull charges at matador
30:
843:. The University of California.
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747:. July 11, 1932. Archived from
741:"Animals: Pamplona's Encierros"
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41:needs additional citations for
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393:. The best bulls are kept for
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1444:Animal Welfare Board of India
994:Portuguese-style bullfighting
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1283:List of female bullfighters
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676:Harper Collins, London 2009
624:Harper Collins, London 2009
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343:Osborne road advertisement
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848:Shubert, Adrian (2001).
799:Villiers-Wardell, p. 117
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178:on extensive estates in
579:and killed bullfighter
65:"Spanish Fighting Bull"
21:Toro Bravo (restaurant)
1515:The Story of Ferdinand
1454:Anti-Bullfighting City
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278:Breed characteristics
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138:Spanish Fighting Bull
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1278:List of bullfighters
999:Running of the bulls
473:37.59637°N 5.47804°W
210:History of the breed
50:improve this article
583:on August 28, 1947.
564:Coso de los califas
469: /
446:in the province of
1522:Ferdinand the Bull
715:2010-05-26 at the
691:Noticias Jurídicas
653:Richardson, Jock.
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861:978-0-19-514412-3
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751:on March 16, 2008
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969:Don Tancredo
949:Bull-leaping
933:Bullfighting
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48:Please help
43:verification
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1253:Rodeo clown
1233:Bullfighter
476: /
1628:Categories
1613:Wiktionary
1344:Portuguese
1334:Mozambican
1302:By country
1262:Individual
1248:Rejoneador
1170:Murciélago
1165:Miura bull
1085:Mozambique
1048:by country
989:Jallikattu
942:and events
812:, tomo3: "
696:2017-09-06
655:La Divisa,
588:References
546:Murciélago
497:Reputation
461:37°35′47″N
397:with full
391:novilleros
387:novilladas
230:wild bulls
176:free-range
171:Bos taurus
142:Toro Bravo
76:newspapers
1530:Ferdinand
1509:(musical)
1464:Equanimal
1376:Equipment
1319:Colombian
1110:Venezuela
1055:Argentina
1046:Bullrings
1029:Vaquejada
959:Corraleja
810:Los Toros
562:, at the
464:5°28′41″W
452:Andalucia
406:indultado
369:bullfight
331:Salamanca
268:Valencian
232:from the
221:ganadería
1592:Category
1354:Romanian
1339:Peruvian
1309:American
1201:Lusitano
1095:Portugal
1060:Colombia
891:See also
808:Cossío,
713:Archived
581:Manolete
556:Rafael "
523:stock...
428:bullring
422:El Fandi
399:matadors
383:novillos
293:morrillo
272:Friesian
253:Portugal
200:selected
184:Portugal
160:) is an
1603:Commons
1541:Related
1388:Montera
1359:Spanish
1329:Mexican
1314:British
1271:By name
1243:Picador
1238:Forcado
1139:Animals
1105:Uruguay
1080:Morocco
1065:Ecuador
984:Guanniu
785:May 12,
755:May 12,
551:picador
518:wrote:
503:matador
448:Seville
426:Seville
424:at the
358:branded
352:dehesas
162:Iberian
90:scholar
1532:(film)
1524:(film)
1393:Muleta
1324:French
1214:People
1189:Horses
1160:Islero
1075:Mexico
1070:France
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728:Origen
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574:Islero
487:Madrid
362:tienta
321:Growth
314:muleta
204:humans
188:France
166:cattle
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1573:Rodeo
1494:Books
1489:Films
1482:Media
1383:Estoc
1221:Roles
1180:Ratón
1147:Bulls
1100:Spain
1038:Sites
1009:Tōgyū
657:103,
577:gored
538:brand
450:, in
434:Miura
412:Miura
301:Miura
249:Spain
180:Spain
97:JSTOR
83:books
1090:Peru
877:ISBN
856:ISBN
818:ISBN
787:2010
775:Time
757:2010
745:Time
604:ISBN
536:The
432:The
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