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20:
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had been developed, and the corresponding research community formed, which presently includes a few hundred active members around the world. In particular, a series of
International Space Climate Symposia (biennial since 2004) was organized, with the first inaugural symposium being held in Oulu
102:, heliospheric parameters, and the induced geomagnetic, ionospheric, atmospheric, and climate effects. It studies mechanisms and physical processes responsible for their variability in the past with projections onto future. It is a broader and more general concept than
202:(Finland) in 2004, followed by those in Romania (2006), Finland (2009), India (2011), Finland (2013), Finland (2016), Canada (2019), Poland (2022) and Japan (2024) as well as topical space climate sessions are regularly held at the General Assemblies of the
140:(JSWSC). Since 2013, research awards and medals in space weather and space climate are annually awarded by the European Space Weather Week. Another recent space observatory platform is the
197:
in
Finland had realized that physical drivers of solar variability and its terrestrial effects can be better understood with a more general and broader view. The concept of
117:, the field of research also covers analysis of historical space climate data. This has included analysis and reconstruction that has allowed solar wind and heliospheric
136:(DSCOVR) dedicated to monitoring of space climate. New results, ideas and discoveries in the field of Space Climate are published in a focused peer-review research
718:
1030:
482:
1993:
624:
1998:
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404:
Lockwood, M.; et al. (2017). "Space climate and space weather over the past 400 years: 1. The power input to the magnetosphere".
1714:
688:
141:
132:
The importance of space climate research has been recognized, in particular, by NASA which launched a special space mission
23:
Reconstruction of solar activity over 11,400 years. Period of equally high activity over 8,000 years ago marked.
1208:
189:
In the early 2000s, when the concept of space weather became common, a small initiative group, led by Kalevi
Mursula and
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2015:
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Research results related to Space
Climate are published in a bunch of peer-reviewed journals, such as
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1639:
776:
58:, and other related systems. The scientific study of space climate is an interdisciplinary field of
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593:"42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly: Nanosatellites and Space Climate Observatory share centre stage"
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595:. Office for Science & Technology of the Embassy of France in the United States. 16 July 2018
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environment, including the different atmospheric layers, and ultimately on Earth's global climate
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Space climatology considers long-term (longer than the latitudinally variable 27-day
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to better understand the long-term effect of solar variability on the near-
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and beyond, up to and exceeding millennia) variability of solar indices,
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46:(IMF), and their effects in the near-Earth environment, including the
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González Hernández, I.; Komm, R.; Pevstsov, A.; Leibacher, J (2014).
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Artist's rendering of Deep Space
Climate Observatory (DSCOVR)
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to better understand the physical relationships between the
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461:
362:"Solar Origins of Space Weather and Space Climate: Preface"
106:, to which it is related like the conventional climate and
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399:
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505:"Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate – homepage"
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Mursula, K.; Usoskin, I.G.; Maris, G. (January 2007).
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74:. It is thus conceptually related to terrestrial
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121:strengths to be determined from back to 1611.
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147:Space climate research has three main aims:
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618:Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate
138:Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate
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385:
458:"DSCOVR: Deep Space Climate Observatory"
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123:
18:
173:(geomagnetic fields, cosmic rays, etc.)
169:, the heliosphere, and various related
2133:
719:Psychological and sociological effects
142:Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment
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1170:
638:
527:"European Space Weather Week Medals"
483:"Space Climate Observatory Homepage"
16:Branch of solar physics and aeronomy
1722:
151:to better understand the long-term
82:are considered in climate science.
13:
54:, the upper and lower atmosphere,
14:
2187:
2016:Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility
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569:Corrado Ruscica (1 August 2014).
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571:"40° Cospar Scientific Assembly"
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309:"Introduction to Space Climate"
220:Journal of Geophysical Research
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406:J. Space Weather Space Climate
134:Deep Space Climate Observatory
30:is the long-term variation in
1:
1872:Interplanetary magnetic field
1814:Magnetosphere particle motion
1659:List of heliophysics missions
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85:
44:Interplanetary magnetic field
1664:Category:Missions to the Sun
224:Geophysical Research Letters
216:Astronomy & Astrophysics
94:period, through the 11-year
7:
1196:
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204:Committee on Space Research
161:heliospheric magnetic field
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1877:Heliospheric current sheet
316:Advances in Space Research
262:Solar activity and climate
232:Advances in Space Research
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336:10.1016/j.asr.2007.07.046
113:In addition to real-time
78:, and its effects on the
1829:Van Allen radiation belt
1809:Magnetosphere chronology
1503:In mythology and culture
629:Space and Climate Change
549:"Space Climate Symposia"
1738:Atmospheric circulation
228:Solar Physics (journal)
1748:Earth's magnetic field
1370:Supra-arcade downflows
1157:Outer space portal
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48:magnetosphere of Earth
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1852:Coronal mass ejection
1772:Earth's magnetosphere
1350:Coronal mass ejection
789:Extraterrestrial life
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2025:Other magnetospheres
1887:Solar particle event
1614:Standard solar model
1584:Solar radio emission
1402:List of solar cycles
436:10.1051/swsc/2017019
253:atmospheric sciences
1434:Magnetic switchback
428:2017JSWSC...7A..25L
378:2014SoPh..289..437G
328:2007AdSpR..40..885M
257:atmospheric physics
206:and Earth Science.
80:atmosphere of Earth
1624:Sunlight radiation
1219:Internal structure
1072:Other technologies
195:University of Oulu
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115:solar observations
25:
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1982:Research projects
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1862:Geomagnetic storm
1779:Birkeland current
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1467:Termination shock
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1335:Transition region
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1051:Carbonated drinks
1023:Human spaceflight
903:of items in space
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813:
573:. astronomicamens
282:Stellar astronomy
249:Planetary science
153:solar variability
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1966:Van Allen Probes
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28:Space climate
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2166:Solar System
2098:Ring systems
2093:Lunar swirls
1970:
1953:
1891:
1824:Ring current
1819:Plasmasphere
1794:Magnetopause
1603:
1589:Solar System
1559:Solar energy
1554:Solar dynamo
1515:Heliophysics
1345:Coronal loop
1340:Coronal hole
1317:Moreton wave
1299:Chromosphere
1148:
1036:Architecture
920:Colonization
894:Archaeology
836:
709:Neuroscience
666:... in space
616:
597:. Retrieved
587:
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564:
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68:heliophysics
27:
26:
2176:Climatology
2004:Unwin Radar
1930:Double Star
1867:Heliosphere
1857:Solar flare
1647:Exploration
1525:Solar deity
1472:Heliosheath
1454:Heliosphere
1424:Wolf number
1397:Solar cycle
1261:Photosphere
947:Exploration
885:Advertising
829:Environment
804:Astrobotany
767:Fruit flies
599:30 December
577:30 December
554:29 December
533:29 December
511:29 December
489:29 December
467:29 December
159:and in the
96:solar cycle
76:climatology
36:heliosphere
34:within the
2156:Geophysics
2135:Categories
2052:Ganymedian
1925:Cluster II
1906:Satellites
1882:Heliopause
1839:Solar wind
1789:Ionosphere
1763:Polar wind
1758:Jet stream
1599:Solar time
1520:In culture
1477:Heliopause
1429:Solar wind
1360:Prominence
1252:Atmosphere
1237:Tachocline
1129:Telescopes
1014:Technology
867:Weathering
714:Psychology
699:Locomotion
419:1708.04904
288:References
157:solar wind
100:cosmic ray
86:Background
72:geophysics
52:ionosphere
40:solar wind
2088:Gas torus
2083:Flux tube
2067:Neptunian
2057:Saturnian
2011:SuperDARN
1912:Full list
1784:Bow shock
1753:Geosphere
1482:Bow shock
1389:Variation
1355:Nanoflare
1110:for Earth
1097:Batteries
1079:Logistics
1031:Accidents
977:Christmas
842:Corrosion
782:Tortoises
740:Non-human
344:0273-1177
144:(SORCE).
1682:Category
972:Religion
962:Military
898:of Earth
777:Primates
704:Medicine
444:37433045
244:Aeronomy
238:See also
50:and the
2161:Climate
2118:Neptune
2103:Jupiter
2062:Uranian
2042:Martian
2032:Hermian
1935:Geotail
1498:Eclipse
1491:Related
1312:Spicule
1284:Sunspot
1279:Faculae
1274:Granule
1198:The Sun
1134:Weapons
1102:Nuclear
1063:Writing
1058:Toilets
1041:Farming
989:Tourism
984:Selfies
925:Economy
890:Alcohol
878:Society
862:Weather
837:Climate
747:Animals
694:Hygiene
673:Biology
631:program
621:(JSWSC)
424:Bibcode
412:: A25.
374:Bibcode
324:Bibcode
185:History
171:proxies
108:weather
56:climate
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1989:EISCAT
1961:THEMIS
1949:(2015)
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1327:Corona
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1089:Mining
994:Voting
942:Ethics
930:Mining
915:Burial
847:Debris
799:Plants
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762:Frogs
731:Sleep
681:Human
485:. SCO
440:S2CID
414:arXiv
312:(PDF)
178:Earth
1972:Wind
1619:Star
1530:List
1227:Core
1209:List
1046:Food
952:Food
852:Dust
772:Mice
757:Dogs
752:Cats
601:2018
579:2018
556:2018
535:2018
513:2018
491:2018
469:2018
462:NOAA
340:ISSN
193:the
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1945:MMS
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910:Art
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432:doi
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