2810:
36:
481:
170:
489:
48:
555:
550:
culled all 3,500 reindeer on the island. The animals had been introduced by
Norwegian whalers in the early 20th century for food and sport hunting, but were later seen as a pest, damaging the island's flora and wider ecosystem. Karl Erik Kilander, the project manager, said the culled reindeer were
397:
was conducted on the island between 1786 and 1913. During that period 131 sealing visits are recorded, eight of which ended when the vessel was wrecked. Modern industrial sealing associated with whaling stations was carried out between 1909 and 1964. Sealing era relics include iron
438:
on the southern coast of the island, intending to live there through the winter. However, in May, three months into the experiment, surge waves destroyed his camp. He managed to salvage enough gear to survive the winter until making contact with a ship 116 days later.
595:
grounded off the island in 2004, resulting in indirect but severe effects on local wildlife by disturbing life on the seafloor and blocking foraging routes of seals and penguins. In 2020, the colossal 4,200-square-kilometre (1,600 sq mi)
249:. Stretching in the east–west direction, South Georgia is around 170 kilometres (106 mi) long and has a maximum width of 35 kilometres (22 mi). The terrain is mountainous, with the central ridge rising to 2,935 metres (9,629 ft) at
1958:
502:. It has no tree cover, and there is generally snow on the island during the winter months (April–November). The terrain is mountainous, with a central ridge and many fjords and bays along the coast. South Georgia is a breeding ground for
2315:
1966:
2797:
1235:
Source 2: Globalbioclimatics/Salvador Rivas-Martínez p(recipitation 1901–1950)DMI/Danish
Meteorology Institute (sun, humidity, and precipitation days 1931–1960)Météo Climat (extremes)
2855:
2902:
2880:
2845:
2138:
Boyd, I. L.; McCafferty, D. J. & Walker, T. R. (1997). "Variation in foraging effort by lactating
Antarctic fur seals: response to simulated increased foraging costs".
2840:
2790:
2865:
2860:
308:
276:
2565:
2783:
2850:
2440:
2368:
271:
made the first landing, survey and mapping of the island, and on 17 January 1775 he claimed it a
British possession, naming it "Isle of Georgia" after
2775:
600:, similar in size to the island itself, was initially believed to be on a similar collision course but broke apart before collision with the island.
2300:
2539:
2815:
242:
189:
2737:
2518:
1893:
Kippis, Andrew. The Life and
Voyages of Captain James Cook, p. 254. United Kingdom, G. Newnes, limited, 1904.
2173:
Boyd, I. L.; McCafferty, D. J.; Reid, K.; Taylor, R. & Walker, T. R. (1998). "Dispersal of male and female
Antarctic fur seals (
3085:
78:
2587:
2766:
2276:
2241:
1996:
1827:
260:
Discovered by
Europeans in 1675, South Georgia had no indigenous population due to its harsh climate and remoteness. Captain
2412:
492:
3167:
379:
1959:"Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton"
1839:
1746:
2805:
3344:
2079:
2043:
499:
3278:
2620:
1878:
330:
20:
3009:
2751:
2393:
1816:
468:, Argentine naval forces occupied the island. South Georgia was retaken by British forces on 25 April during
287:
base, with intermittent population scattered in several whaling bases, the most important historically being
576:
had clearly increased. In the central north coast, five years after poisoning the rats, the populations of
551:
frozen and taken to the
Falkland Islands where they were sold to local residents and cruise ship operators.
3303:
3039:
238:
184:
2095:
Boyd, I. L.; Walker, T. R. & Poncet, J. (1996). "Status of southern elephant seals at South
Georgia".
3014:
3044:
2999:
2989:
2923:
1247:
2994:
2907:
451:
2678:
3019:
2963:
585:
296:
2870:
1842:[General History of Foreign Relations of the Argentine Republic: South Georgia Islands].
355:, on 17 January 1775 he took possession for Britain and renamed the island 'Isle of Georgia' for
3339:
526:
1741:
314:
3349:
3162:
2758:
2731:
2514:
581:
515:
345:
265:
35:
2265:
Upson, Rebecca; Myer, Bradley; Floyd, Kelvin; Lee, Jennifer; Clubbe, Colin (15 March 2018).
3049:
2968:
2892:
2104:
1840:"Historia General de las Relaciones Exteriores de la República Argentina: Georgias del Sur"
419:
403:
363:
329:
on 28 or 29 June 1756. According to
Argentine historians, it was explored on 29 June 1756,
2492:
2205:
1904:
8:
3029:
2958:
2417:
573:
519:
2108:
442:
His knowledge and mapping proved helpful to the British during the Falklands conflicts.
3293:
3108:
3024:
2875:
2473:
2349:
2294:
2155:
2120:
469:
2700:
3140:
3122:
3095:
2943:
2826:
2762:
2656:
2594:
2465:
2369:"Rat begone: Record eradication effort rids sub-Antarctic island of invasive rodents"
2282:
2272:
2247:
2237:
2124:
2075:
2067:
2049:
2039:
1992:
1940:
1874:
1823:
1184:
1136:
612:
533:
461:
371:
352:
292:
199:
2477:
2159:
532:
The island's topography includes a stepped sequence of flat surfaces interpreted as
3253:
3103:
2746:
2455:
2186:
2147:
2112:
577:
566:
558:
547:
246:
2321:(Report). British Antarctic Survey Scientific Reports. Vol. 70. pp. 1–25
591:
The island lies in the path of large icebergs drifting northward from Antarctica.
3228:
3223:
3218:
3192:
3054:
2984:
1766:
565:
In 2018, after a multiyear extermination effort, the island was declared free of
375:
356:
2072:
The Official History of the Falklands Campaign: The origins of the Falklands war
1787:
351:
made the first landing, survey and mapping of South Georgia. As mandated by the
253:. The northern coast is indented with numerous bays and fjords, serving as good
3313:
3308:
3288:
3283:
3273:
3238:
3213:
3154:
3135:
3080:
3075:
3059:
234:
175:
66:
2806:
2460:
2286:
2116:
544:
3333:
3248:
3130:
2953:
2948:
2885:
2726:
2469:
2251:
1944:
1650:
1015:
503:
480:
465:
457:
367:
321:
on a number of early maps. It was sighted by a commercial Spanish ship named
93:
80:
2053:
1847:
3298:
3233:
3197:
3172:
3034:
3004:
2266:
1936:
1930:
597:
592:
511:
498:
The island's climate is classified as an ET or polar tundra climate on the
415:
394:
284:
2231:
2151:
3318:
3263:
3258:
3243:
2630:(in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. p. 242. Archived from
2441:"Rodent eradication scaled up: clearing rats and mice from South Georgia"
2033:
2010:
1761:
1756:
435:
427:
423:
250:
153:
2741:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 513.
2353:
2340:
Bazilchuk, Nancy (2013). "Reining in Reindeer on South Georgia Island".
2011:"South Georgia: The museum at the end of the world reopens for business"
1871:
Malvinas, Georgias y Sandwich del Sur ante el conflicto con Gran Bretaña
2316:
Geomorphology of the Stromness Bay – Cumberland Bay area, South Georgia
1991:, Scott Polar Research Institute (Cambridge University), 2018, p. 168,
537:
387:
341:
326:
272:
261:
536:
formed when sea level was higher relative to the island. At sea level
3268:
2928:
1751:
608:
383:
288:
2730:
2631:
2190:
507:
488:
2540:"Penguins Spared After Mammoth Iceberg Splits Into Smaller Pieces"
2933:
399:
280:
47:
2938:
1846:(in Spanish). Instituto Iberoamérica y el Mundo. Archived from
569:
431:
313:
The island of South Georgia was probably discovered in 1675 by
254:
554:
2394:"The Intrepid Rat-Sniffing Terriers of South Georgia Island"
1815:
L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. Roché Island / South Georgia. In:
422:
of 1951–1957, surveying much of the interior of the island.
245:. It lies around 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) east of the
434:
in a remote part of South Georgia. Carse built a house at
2897:
2753:
Island at the Edge of the World: a South Georgia odyssey
2172:
299:
research station, with a population of about 20 people.
309:
History of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
40:
February 2018 ESA satellite photograph of South Georgia
2513:
456:
On 19 March 1982, a group of Argentinians arrived at
2268:
Field guide to the introduced flora of South Georgia
2137:
543:
In 2013, teams of Norwegian government shooters and
2519:"Giant berg on collision course with South Georgia"
1873:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Edipress. p. 111.
2750:
2493:"A68 iceberg on collision path with South Georgia"
2313:
2179:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
1788:"Glacier fluctuations in South Georgia, 1883–1974"
2264:
464:on the island. On 3 April, the second day of the
3331:
3094:
2593:. Globalbioclimatics. April 2012. Archived from
2438:
2094:
529:, and 76 non-native species have been recorded.
382:, which he led. He is buried in the cemetery at
362:After making a foot crossing of the island with
2236:. Great Britain: South Georgia Heritage Trust.
291:. The main settlement and the capital today is
2628:Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960)
1965:. London, UK. 27 November 2011. Archived from
484:Topographic map of the Island of South Georgia
402:, hut ruins, graves and inscriptions, and the
2791:
2490:
2031:
1902:
1809:
2816:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2612:
378:following the disaster that befell the 1916
243:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
190:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2233:A field guide to the flora of South Georgia
430:are named after him. In 1961 he lived as a
2798:
2784:
2618:
2299:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1928:
2566:"SYNOP/BUFR observations. Data by months"
2558:
2459:
2339:
2229:
2002:
1868:
2681:. Climatic Research Unit, UEA. July 2011
2413:"Birdlife Recovering on Rat-Free Island"
2342:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
2066:
1896:
553:
487:
479:
2439:Martin, A.R.; Richardson, M.G. (2019).
2314:Chalmers, M.; Clapperton, M.A. (1970).
1785:
445:
406:was established on the island in 1992.
374:organised the rescue of his party from
3332:
2410:
2366:
1723:Source 1: Climatic Research Unit, UEA
475:
2779:
1989:Historical Antarctic sealing industry
1822:Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 68-70.
409:
121:3,528 km (1,362 sq mi)
2203:
2032:Poncet, Sally; Crosbie, Kim (2005).
2008:
1922:
414:The island was surveyed by explorer
2206:"Rodents driven from South Georgia"
2140:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1905:"Walking in Shackleton's footsteps"
1869:Destéfani, Laurio Hedelvio (1982).
522:, which are endemic to the island.
500:Köppen-Geiger classification system
380:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
317:, a London merchant, and was named
13:
2719:
2701:"Weather extremes for Bird Island"
2035:A visitor's guide to South Georgia
1747:List of landforms of South Georgia
16:Island in the South Atlantic Ocean
14:
3361:
2491:Jonathan Amos (4 November 2020).
1903:Jonathan Amos (4 February 2022).
1795:British Antarctic Survey Bulletin
337:, literally "St Peter's Island".
2808:
2657:"Weather extremes for Grytviken"
168:
46:
34:
2693:
2671:
2649:
2580:
2532:
2507:
2484:
2432:
2404:
2386:
2360:
2333:
2307:
2258:
2223:
2197:
2166:
2131:
2088:
2060:
2025:
2917:Settlements / Whaling stations
2619:Cappelen, John; Jensen, Jens.
2009:Amos, Owen (20 January 2022).
1981:
1951:
1887:
1862:
1832:
1779:
21:South Georgia (disambiguation)
1:
2204:Amos, Jonathan (9 May 2018).
2038:. Great Britain: WildGuides.
1772:
525:There are 25 native vascular
2411:Marris, Emma (11 May 2018).
514:. The island is home to the
7:
2367:Warren, Matt (8 May 2018).
2230:Galbraith, Deirdre (2011).
1735:
1509:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1369:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1088:Average precipitation days
874:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
734:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
418:. He organised and led the
145:2,934 m (9626 ft)
52:Map of South Georgia Island
10:
3368:
2074:. Routledge. p. 222.
1727:
1722:
1245:
1234:
1229:
606:
449:
306:
302:
239:British Overseas Territory
18:
3206:
3185:
3153:
3121:
3068:
2977:
2916:
2908:Invasion of South Georgia
2833:
2823:
2621:"South Georgia–Grytviken"
2461:10.1017/S003060531700028X
2117:10.1017/S0954102096000338
1648:
1578:
1508:
1438:
1368:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1182:
1134:
1087:
1013:
943:
873:
803:
733:
663:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
452:Invasion of South Georgia
333:, hence its Spanish name
210:
205:
195:
183:
164:
159:
149:
141:
137:35 km (21.7 mi)
133:
129:170 km (106 mi)
125:
117:
109:
72:
62:
57:
45:
33:
3345:Islands of South Georgia
2271:. Richmond, Surrey, UK.
1786:Hayward, R.J.C. (1983).
615:(Köppen ET) (2006–2020)
297:British Antarctic Survey
2871:List of South Georgians
2738:Encyclopædia Britannica
2544:The Wall Street Journal
1929:Shackleton, E. (1919).
1818:The World of Antarctica
1728:Source 2: Météo Climat
527:plants on South Georgia
3069:South Sandwich Islands
2759:Hodder & Stoughton
1844:www.argentina-rree.com
586:Wilson's storm petrels
582:South Georgia pintails
562:
495:
485:
142:Highest elevation
2978:South Georgia islands
2732:"South Georgia"
2588:"Temp/Rain 1901–1950"
2515:European Space Agency
2175:Arctocephalus gazella
2152:10.1007/s002650050326
1987:R.K. Headland, (ed.)
557:
540:have been described.
516:South Georgia pintail
491:
483:
3050:South Georgia Island
2969:Corbeta Uruguay base
2893:South Georgia Museum
2876:Operation "Paraquet"
2517:(10 November 2020).
1939:. pp. 208–213.
1850:on 23 September 2015
1299:Record high °C (°F)
1230:Source 1: Meteomanz
664:Record high °C (°F)
574:South Georgia pipits
446:Argentine occupation
420:South Georgia Survey
404:South Georgia Museum
340:The mariner Captain
237:that is part of the
235:South Atlantic Ocean
233:is an island in the
67:South Atlantic Ocean
19:For other uses, see
3030:Pickersgill Islands
2959:Prince Olav Harbour
2418:National Geographic
2109:1996AntSc...8..237B
1969:on 28 November 2011
1742:Anthony de la Roché
1579:Record low °C (°F)
1439:Daily mean °C (°F)
944:Record low °C (°F)
804:Daily mean °C (°F)
520:South Georgia pipit
493:Church at Grytviken
476:Geography and fauna
315:Anthony de la Roché
113:South Georgia Group
90: /
30:
3294:Thatcher Peninsula
3025:Kupriyanov Islands
2068:Freedman, Lawrence
572:and the number of
563:
534:wave-cut platforms
496:
486:
470:Operation Paraquet
410:Surveying by Carse
295:near Grytviken, a
196:Largest settlement
185:Overseas Territory
150:Highest point
28:
3327:
3326:
3181:
3180:
3149:
3148:
3123:Traversay Islands
3117:
3116:
3096:Candlemas Islands
2944:King Edward Point
2856:Foreign relations
2827:King Edward Point
2768:978-03405-5-600-9
2747:Venables, Stephen
2679:"Climate Normals"
2546:. 6 February 2021
2278:978-1-84246-652-0
2243:978-0-9564546-0-7
2097:Antarctic Science
1997:978-0-901021-26-7
1828:979-8-88676-403-1
1732:
1731:
1246:Climate data for
1239:
1238:
1137:relative humidity
613:King Edward Point
607:Climate data for
578:snowy sheathbills
372:Ernest Shackleton
325:operating out of
293:King Edward Point
279:, it served as a
228:
227:
200:King Edward Point
3357:
3254:Mount Cunningham
3151:
3150:
3119:
3118:
3092:
3091:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2756:
2742:
2734:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2637:on 27 April 2013
2636:
2625:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2600:on 1 August 2020
2599:
2592:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2463:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2006:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1792:
1783:
1243:
1242:
1091:
604:
603:
559:Snowy sheathbill
548:reindeer herders
247:Falkland Islands
174:
172:
171:
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
50:
38:
31:
27:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3279:Salisbury Plain
3229:Fortuna Glacier
3224:Barff Peninsula
3219:Allardyce Range
3202:
3193:Protector Shoal
3177:
3145:
3113:
3090:
3064:
3055:Welcome Islands
2985:Annenkov Island
2973:
2912:
2881:Public holidays
2829:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2769:
2745:
2725:
2722:
2720:Further reading
2717:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2699:
2698:
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2601:
2597:
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2585:
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2571:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2559:
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2547:
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2533:
2523:
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2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2443:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2365:
2361:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2308:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2263:
2259:
2244:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2198:
2191:10.1139/f97-314
2171:
2167:
2136:
2132:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2065:
2061:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2007:
2003:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1901:
1897:
1892:
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1881:
1867:
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1838:
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1784:
1780:
1775:
1767:Whalers Passage
1738:
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1707:
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1697:
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1672:
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1598:
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1583:
1573:
1568:
1563:
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1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
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1518:
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1503:
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1418:
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1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1240:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
478:
460:and raised the
454:
448:
412:
376:Elephant Island
357:King George III
311:
305:
273:King George III
223:
179:
169:
167:
98:
96:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
53:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3314:Possession Bay
3311:
3309:Cumberland Bay
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Southern Thule
3286:
3284:Salvesen Range
3281:
3276:
3274:Peggotty Bluff
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3239:Larsen Harbour
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:Admiralty Peak
3210:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3163:Bellingshausen
3159:
3157:
3155:Southern Thule
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3060:Willis Islands
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2743:
2729:, ed. (1911).
2727:Chisholm, Hugh
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2703:. Météo Climat
2692:
2670:
2659:. Météo Climat
2648:
2611:
2579:
2557:
2531:
2506:
2483:
2431:
2403:
2400:. 17 May 2018.
2385:
2359:
2332:
2306:
2277:
2257:
2242:
2222:
2196:
2185:(4): 845–852.
2165:
2146:(3): 135–144.
2130:
2103:(3): 237–244.
2087:
2080:
2059:
2044:
2024:
2001:
1980:
1950:
1921:
1895:
1886:
1879:
1861:
1831:
1808:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:sunshine hours
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
731:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
661:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
617:
616:
602:
504:elephant seals
477:
474:
462:Argentine flag
450:Main article:
447:
444:
411:
408:
335:Isla San Pedro
331:St Peter's Day
307:Main article:
304:
301:
275:. Through its
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
214:
212:
208:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
176:United Kingdom
165:
162:
161:
160:Administration
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3363:
3362:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:South Georgia
3338:
3337:
3335:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:Stromness Bay
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Mount Belinda
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:Saddle Island
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Cooper Island
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Ocean Harbour
2952:
2950:
2949:Leith Harbour
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:Toothfish Day
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2817:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2702:
2696:
2680:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2567:
2561:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2398:Atlas Obscura
2395:
2389:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2083:
2081:0-7146-5206-7
2077:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2045:1-903657-08-3
2041:
2037:
2036:
2028:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1890:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1812:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1651:precipitation
1647:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:Mean monthly
1181:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1016:precipitation
1012:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
942:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
872:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
802:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
732:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
662:
618:
614:
610:
605:
601:
599:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
568:
560:
556:
552:
549:
546:
541:
539:
535:
530:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
512:king penguins
509:
505:
501:
494:
490:
482:
473:
471:
467:
466:Falklands War
463:
459:
458:Leith Harbour
453:
443:
440:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
407:
405:
401:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:Frank Worsley
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
349:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
310:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:South Georgia
219:
216:
215:
213:
209:
204:
201:
198:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
178:
177:
163:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
94:54.4°S 36.7°W
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
56:
49:
44:
37:
32:
29:South Georgia
26:
22:
3350:Seal hunting
3299:Bay of Isles
3234:Gold Harbour
3198:Kemp Caldera
3035:Prion Island
3015:Grass Island
3005:Clerke Rocks
2846:Commissioner
2841:Coat of arms
2752:
2736:
2705:. Retrieved
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2632:the original
2627:
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2595:the original
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2543:
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2486:
2454:(1): 27–35.
2451:
2447:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2416:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2372:
2362:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2309:
2267:
2260:
2232:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:
2199:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2071:
2062:
2034:
2027:
2015:. Retrieved
2004:
1988:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:the original
1962:
1953:
1937:W. Heinemann
1931:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1898:
1889:
1870:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:the original
1843:
1834:
1817:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1794:
1781:
1653:mm (inches)
1250:(Köppen ET)
1018:mm (inches)
598:Iceberg A-68
593:Iceberg A-38
590:
564:
542:
531:
524:
497:
455:
441:
416:Duncan Carse
413:
392:
361:
347:
339:
334:
322:
319:Roche Island
318:
312:
285:seal hunting
267:
259:
230:
229:
206:Demographics
166:
99:-54.4; -36.7
25:
3319:Busen Point
3264:Mount Roots
3259:Mount Paget
3244:Mount Baume
3109:Vindication
3000:Black Rocks
2990:Bird Island
2924:Bird Island
2903:Sovereignty
2707:11 November
2641:10 December
2604:10 December
2568:. Meteomanz
2524:10 November
1801:25 December
1762:Sutton Crag
1757:Storer Reef
1248:Bird Island
588:had grown.
538:strandflats
436:Ducloz Head
428:Carse Point
424:Mount Carse
393:Commercial
251:Mount Paget
220:16 (winter)
217:32 (summer)
154:Mount Paget
110:Archipelago
97: /
73:Coordinates
3334:Categories
3141:Zavodovski
3045:Shag Rocks
2995:Black Rock
2757:. London:
2550:6 February
2499:4 November
2348:(4): 176.
2325:29 January
2287:1007331209
2017:21 January
2013:. BBC News
1935:. London:
1914:4 February
1880:9500169002
1773:References
1090:(≥ 0.1 mm)
388:Frank Wild
386:alongside
348:Resolution
342:James Cook
327:Saint-Malo
268:Resolution
262:James Cook
211:Population
3269:Orca Peak
3207:Landmarks
3186:Seamounts
3104:Candlemas
3020:Grassholm
2964:Stromness
2929:Grytviken
2866:Languages
2825:Capital:
2470:0030-6053
2295:cite book
2252:714041780
2125:140165365
1963:Telegraph
1945:715091038
1752:Ryan Reef
609:Grytviken
508:fur seals
384:Grytviken
364:Tom Crean
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58:Geography
3086:Saunders
2749:(1991).
2663:21 March
2572:21 March
2478:43274303
2354:23470940
2210:BBC News
2160:27894509
2070:(2005).
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1909:BBC News
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1736:See also
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1135:Average
1014:Average
567:invasive
518:and the
400:try pots
255:harbours
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395:sealing
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3131:Leskov
2939:Husvik
2813:
2765:
2476:
2468:
2424:6 July
2352:
2285:
2275:
2250:
2240:
2158:
2123:
2078:
2052:
2042:
1995:
1973:21 May
1943:
1877:
1826:
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3336::
2761:.
2735:.
2626:.
2542:.
2472:.
2464:.
2452:53
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2415:.
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2346:11
2344:.
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2293:{{
2281:.
2246:.
2208:.
2183:55
2181:.
2154:.
2144:40
2142:.
2119:.
2111:.
2099:.
2048:.
1961:.
1907:.
1793:.
1711:77
1706:88
1701:98
1666:95
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1582:−2
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580:,
506:,
472:.
390:.
370:,
359:.
257:.
2799:e
2792:t
2785:v
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2480:.
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2254:.
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2162:.
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2056:.
2021:.
1999:.
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1947:.
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1820:.
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