674:
698:
662:
686:
626:
650:
638:
929:
857:
893:
796:
40:
869:
881:
905:
434:
485:
30:
323:
305:
290:
275:
260:
226:
211:
189:
174:
159:
144:
129:
917:
524:
714:
964:
950:
2267:
792:). The 4,500W bulbs used for the main light were the largest in the Trinity House service. Should the electricity supply fail, a diesel generator would be engaged (and in the event that it too were to fail, an additional emergency battery lamp would be engaged). The mechanism which turned the lenses continued to be driven by clockwork at this time, until 1983 when it was replaced by a pair of electric motors.
468:. The contract for building the lighthouse and keepers' cottages was reported in March 1869 as being £8,000 and was awarded to the local firm of James Todd, after complaints that local builders had not had the opportunity to reply to tender as it had not been advertised locally. The foundation stone was ceremonially laid by
811:
replaced the
Rayleigh Trumpets on top of the foghorn building. At the same time the engine room was provided with two new Reavell compressor sets, one driven by an electric motor, the other by a diesel engine. The diaphone produced a five-second blast every 30 seconds in poor weather, and remained in
742:
catadioptric revolving optic (a bi-form lens is double-height, containing two lamps, one above the other). At the same time a new lantern was provided, to accommodate the taller optic. Red shades were placed around the lamps, within the lenses, so that the light now flashed red, once every 5 seconds.
419:
The lighthouse was a much-needed aid to navigation due to the number of wrecks on the dangerous reefs of
Whitburn Steel which lay directly under the water in the surrounding area. In one year alone – 1860 – there were 20 shipwrecks. This contributed to making this coastline the most dangerous in the
605:
for the new lighthouse, sounded from a separate foghorn house (east of the tower) through a pair of vertical trumpets (angled north-east and south-east, facing out to sea). It sounded one blast every 45 seconds. Compressed air for the foghorn was piped underground from the engine room, on the other
1299:
MAGNETO-ELECTRIC LIGHT FOR LIGHTHOUSES - Professor
Faraday, in a lecture delivered at the Royal Institution, says: "By means of a magnet, and of motion, we can get the some kind of electricity as from the battery; and, under the authority of the Trinity House, Professor Holmes has been occupied in
519:
in 1862 had proved problematic, however, with frequent failures of the lamps and machinery; so
Trinity House carried out an extensive testing and selection process over five years (including comparisons with oil lights and examination of equipment in Britain and France) before finalising its plans
1269:
Some months ago, tenders were advertised for in the
Sunderland papers, asking offers for the erection of a lighthouse on Souter Point. Most of the people in Shields hardly ever saw a Sunderland paper in their lives, yet the Shields builders were virtually shut out from competing for a lighthouse
1284:
The foundation-stone of the lighthouse at Souter Point was laid yesterday afternoon by Mrs Blain (sister to
Admiral Collinson) in the presence of the committee of the Elder Brethren of the Trinity House, London, Admiral Collinson, Captain Nesbitt, Captain Webb, Mr G. N. Douglas, engineer to the
835:
and open to the public; the engine room, light tower and keeper's living quarters are all on view. There is also an outdoor play area, Trusty Club and indoor activities to accommodate young visitors. Two of the former lighthouse keepers' cottages are used as
National Trust holiday cottages. The
387:
The lighthouse is located on Lizard Point, but takes its name from Souter Point, which is located a mile to the south. This was the intended site for the lighthouse, but it was felt that Lizard Point offered better visibility, as the cliffs there are higher, so the lighthouse was built there
1300:
introducing the magneto-electric light in the lighthouse at the North
Foreland...For the last six months the North Foreland has been shining by means of this electric light beyond all comparison better than its former light. Never for once during six months has it failed in doing its duty
1270:
within the limits of their own Poor-Law Union, so far as publicity of the fact of tenders being wanted was concerned. Communications were accordingly made from this office on the subject; the advertisement appeared in the
Gazette, and a South Shields contractor ultimately got the job.
570:
electric generators for which he took out a series of patents during those years. In normal operation only one generator was used, but in conditions of poor visibility both were connected to the lamp to provide a brighter light. The generators were driven by one of a pair of
562:
shone from a window in the tower below the lantern, to highlight hazards to the south in
Sunderland Bay (namely Hendon Rock and the White Stones); it was powered using light diverted (through a set of mirrors and lenses) from the landward side of the main arc lamp.
613:
fog signal replaced the reeds in February 1879; it sounded one blast every minute. It required an additional and more powerful engine, which was installed in the engine room to drive the compressor for the new signal.
472:'s sister on 9 June 1869. Building works were completed in 1870, and the lighthouse entered service in January the following year. After completing this project Douglass and Norris moved on to the building of
1188:
a new lighthouse to be erected on Souter Point...It will erected to prevent wrecks from occurring, if possible, on Whitburn Steel, of which there have been so many complaints within recent years.
772:
trumpets. (These replaced the twin Holmes trumpets formerly employed; the foghorn house was remodelled at the seaward corners to accommodate them). The siren gave a 4-second blast every minute.
460:. Alongside the lighthouse tower a number of other buildings were laid out around a quadrangle, including the engine room and boiler house, and five dwellings; all were built of rubble masonry,
1234:
The contract for the erection of a new lighthouse and lighthouse-keepers residence at Souter Point, near Sunderland, has been let to Mr. Todd, builder, of South Shields, for £8,000
832:
2325:
892:
587:.) The engines were worked alternately: one week on, one week off. Located in the engine-house, they also drove an air-pump to feed the pressure tank of a foghorn.
828:
As Souter was never automated, it remains much in its original operational state except for updates during its lifespan to its lantern and electrical apparatus.
673:
880:
820:
Souter Lighthouse was decommissioned by Trinity House in 1988, but continued to serve as a radio navigation beacon up until 1999 when it was finally closed.
2335:
2305:
928:
1706:
2295:
1572:
868:
1348:
1738:
856:
411:. It has also been decommissioned, and is open to visitors. St Mary's Lighthouse can be seen with the naked eye from the top of Souter Lighthouse.
697:
70:
1216:
A new lighthouse and keepers' residence are to erected at Souter Point near, South Shields. The contract for building has been let for £8,000.
904:
543:
optic surrounded by a revolving assembly of eight vertical condensing-prisms which produced one bright flash every thirty seconds. Its 800,000
2310:
1673:
1132:
984:
685:
661:
757:
Having removed the two Holmes magneto-electric machines from the engine room, the Corporation of Trinity House presented one to the
625:
583:' condensing steam engines. (Prior to being installed at Souter, the engines and generators were exhibited by Trinity House at the
2223:
754:
A separate lamp was used for the fixed red/white sector light, which continued to shine from its window lower down in the tower.
649:
2320:
2290:
2078:
364:: first lit on 11 January 1871, it was described at the time as 'without doubt one of the most powerful lights in the world'.
64:
1798:
637:
2330:
2300:
1659:
606:
side of the lighthouse, where the air compressor was driven by a common drive shaft from the engines powering the magnetos.
2028:
1731:
356:
when in service). Souter Point was the first lighthouse in the world to be actually designed and built specifically to use
1532:
2103:
1095:
758:
85:
408:
836:
lamps, lenses and foghorn remain in working order and are still activated from time to time 'on special occasions'.
2315:
1878:
1405:
1320:
916:
590:
In December 1891 the lighthouse tower was painted with a broad red band, to make it more conspicuous during the day.
527:
One of the original magneto-electric generators from Souter Lighthouse (now part of 'Making the Modern World' in the
1908:
567:
1724:
1285:
Corporation, and friends. Robert Norris is the superintendent of the works, and Mr James Todd is the contractor.
1202:
the works are being pushed rapidly forward under the supervision of Mr H. Norris, the board and resident engineer
1813:
1747:
1313:
Electricity Supply in the United Kingdom - A Chronology from the beginnings of the Industry to 31 December 1985
979:
1818:
2123:
1998:
1868:
78:
388:
instead. The Souter Lighthouse name was retained in order to avoid confusion with the then recently built
2133:
2068:
1863:
1858:
768:
The fog signal was improved in 1919 when a more powerful siren was installed, sounded through a pair of
2218:
2113:
2108:
1823:
488:
The original arc lamp assembly, in use from 1871-1914, now on display in the lighthouse visitor centre.
1036:
2153:
2023:
1938:
1903:
955:
773:
504:
473:
1711:
1253:
322:
304:
289:
225:
173:
158:
2208:
2073:
1958:
1923:
1707:
National Trust Collections - Highlights from Souter Lighthouse, Tyne & Wear (Accredited Museum)
1072:
Douglass, James Nicholas (25 March 1879). "The Electric Light applied to Lighthouse Illumination".
795:
739:
584:
536:
274:
259:
210:
188:
143:
128:
2163:
1701:
1008:
2203:
2138:
2128:
2018:
1677:
785:
457:
453:
404:
345:
57:
403:. Some four miles or so to the north of the mouth of the Tyne is a sister Victorian lighthouse,
2188:
2058:
1943:
1898:
1788:
1768:
1758:
762:
528:
39:
1375:
2228:
2158:
2083:
2033:
1838:
1808:
1793:
1778:
1773:
1240:
496:
1503:
1444:
2248:
2233:
2173:
2088:
2038:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1848:
1843:
1803:
552:
516:
313:
1397:
1390:
8:
2198:
2193:
2093:
2063:
2053:
2003:
1883:
1763:
580:
576:
540:
433:
400:
357:
484:
286:
third order Fresnel lens (1871–1914), first order Fresnel lens (1914–)
2143:
2118:
2048:
2013:
1963:
1873:
1604:
1592:
969:
500:
29:
2238:
2213:
2043:
1968:
1918:
1893:
1888:
1833:
1828:
1401:
1316:
789:
784:
In 1952 the lighthouse was again converted to run on electric power (this time using
748:
726:
In 1914 the pioneering electric light at Souter was replaced with the latest type of
512:
469:
389:
234:
1913:
1853:
808:
572:
371:(the national lighthouse authority) in 1988, Souter Lighthouse was acquired by the
360:, the most advanced lighthouse technology of its day. The light was generated by a
2098:
1948:
2168:
735:
508:
465:
2271:
1645:
1124:
372:
349:
204:
1101:
523:
420:
country, with an average of around 44 shipwrecks per every mile of coastline.
2284:
2183:
1953:
769:
610:
535:
The carbon arc lamp at Souter was placed within a lens array consisting of a
461:
449:
368:
200:
100:
87:
839:
The lighthouse is said to be haunted, and has even featured on British TV's
1783:
841:
713:
559:
548:
544:
2243:
1933:
1928:
1716:
727:
399:
Souter Lighthouse is approximately three miles south of the mouth of the
376:
963:
2253:
2178:
602:
492:
341:
2008:
1228:"The Architect and Contract Reporter: A Weekly Illustrated Journal".
886:
Electric compressor and air tanks for the foghorn in the Engine Room.
599:
1470:
1376:"Trinity House History page, quoting Newcastle Courant 12 Jan. 1871"
1200:"Shields Gazette and Daily Telegraph". 9 September 1870. p. 3.
949:
804:
731:
393:
361:
1518:. Washington DC: U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office. 1920. p. 456.
1267:"Shields Gazette and Daily Telegraph". 12 April 1869. p. 2.
898:
An incandescent oil burner: these replaced the arc lamps in 1914.
1282:"Shields Gazette and Daily Telegraph". 9 June 1869. p. 9.
747:
in the tower; it weighs 4.5 tonnes and floats on 1.5 tonnes of
520:
for a complete purpose-built electric installation at Souter.
1100:. London: Lockwood & co. pp. 120–127. Archived from
566:
Electricity for the light was provided by two of Holmes' own
1315:(4th ed.). The Electricity Council. 1987 . p. 15.
1074:
Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers
812:
use up until 1988, when the lighthouse was decommissioned.
874:
Diesel compressor and standby generator in the Engine Room.
831:
Today the decommissioned Souter lighthouse is owned by the
776:
were installed to drive the compressors for the new siren.
448:
The lighthouse and associated buildings were designed for
318:
1445:
London Gazette, Issue 26237, Page 7213, 29 December 1891.
1634:. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. pp. 110–111.
1214:"Sheffield Daily Telegraph". 11 March 1869. p. 2.
456:; its construction was supervised by on-site engineer
1504:
London Gazette, Issue 24739, Page 4214, 1 July 1879.
1392:
Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology
945:
910:
Some of the electric lamps used at Souter from 1952.
803:
The fog signal was upgraded in 1953: a Stone Chance
1702:
Souter Lighthouse information at the National Trust
1561:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
738:provided a new, much larger lens system: a bi-form
2326:Reportedly haunted locations in North East England
1389:
1166:. Wellington, Somerset: Halsgrove. pp. 70–73.
1480:
1478:
375:, who now manage it as a visitor attraction with
2282:
1533:"The lamp at Souter Lighthouse, a design marvel"
1350:The Lighthouse Work of Sir James Chance, Baronet
617:
185:white (tower), red (stripe), red (lantern)
1297:"Newcastle Courant". 30 March 1860. p. 3.
934:Radiobeacon equipment at the base of the tower.
1475:
1449:
1186:"Newcastle Courant". 18 June 1869. p. 6.
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
717:The current optical apparatus dates from 1914.
1732:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
499:, with experiments carried out in 1857–60 at
44:Souter Lighthouse viewed from the south-west.
1559:The Early Days of the Power Station Industry
1527:
1525:
1356:. London: Smith, Elder & co. p. 166
1089:
1087:
547:light could be seen for up to 26 miles. The
2336:Grade II* listed buildings in Tyne and Wear
1660:"Ten interesting facts about South Shields"
1623:
1550:
1432:Lost Sounds: The Story of Coast Fog Signals
1340:
1133:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1054:
985:Grade II* listed buildings in Tyne and Wear
779:
2306:National Trust properties in Tyne and Wear
1746:
1739:
1725:
1414:
1031:
1029:
862:The lighthouse viewed from the south-east.
558:In addition to the main light a red/white
321:
303:
301:26 nmi (48 km; 30 mi)
288:
273:
258:
224:
209:
187:
172:
157:
142:
127:
38:
2296:Buildings and structures in South Shields
1522:
1084:
799:The foghorn building, looking out to sea.
495:lights for lighthouses were pioneered by
1336:"Dover Express". 22 May 1868. p. 4.
1071:
794:
712:
522:
483:
432:
1629:
1597:
1556:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1026:
2283:
1573:"Holmes's electricity generator, 1867"
1429:
1346:
1093:
352:, England. (It was generally known as
1720:
1161:
1125:"Lighthouses of Northeastern England"
761:in 1915; it is now on display at the
2311:Tourist attractions in Tyne and Wear
1146:
1003:
1001:
999:
721:
1164:Lighthouses of the North East Coast
1122:
807:signal was installed and a pair of
759:Institution of Electrical Engineers
13:
815:
734:vapour burners). At the same time
14:
2347:
1695:
1674:"Most Haunted: Souter Lighthouse"
1516:Index to Notices to Mariners 1919
1487:Parliamentary Papers, Volume LXIV
996:
2265:
1632:Lighthouses of England and Wales
1434:. Caithness, Scotland: Whittles.
1347:Chance, James Frederick (1902).
1009:"Souter Lighthouse and the Leas"
962:
948:
927:
915:
903:
891:
879:
867:
855:
696:
684:
672:
660:
648:
636:
624:
28:
1666:
1652:
1638:
1586:
1565:
1508:
1497:
1464:
1438:
1382:
1368:
1329:
1305:
1290:
1275:
1260:
1221:
1207:
708:
507:(as described in a lecture by
497:Professor Frederick Hale Holmes
428:
423:
222:Grade II* listed building
1193:
1179:
1170:
1116:
980:List of lighthouses in England
823:
515:). An initial installation at
479:
367:After being decommissioned by
1:
2321:Lighthouse museums in England
2291:Lighthouses completed in 1871
990:
618:Charts and engineering (1875)
438:
2331:Grade II* listed lighthouses
2301:Lighthouses in Tyne and Wear
1609:Wonders of World Engineering
1097:European Light-House Systems
358:alternating electric current
155:23 m (75 ft)
7:
1396:. Routledge. 1996. p.
939:
922:The emergency battery room.
551:were designed and built by
382:
10:
2352:
2154:South Foreland Lighthouses
1824:Burnham-on-Sea Round Tower
1493:(337): 2–4. 1 August 1879.
1232:. January–June 1869: 183.
1094:Elliot, George H. (1875).
848:
593:
414:
2262:
1754:
1630:Jackson, Derrick (1975).
1460:: 769–770. November 1871.
956:North East England portal
845:ghost-hunting programme.
505:South Foreland Lighthouse
474:Hartland Point Lighthouse
452:by their Chief Engineer,
331:
312:
297:
282:
267:
252:
247:
243:
233:
218:
196:
181:
166:
151:
136:
121:
116:
77:
63:
53:
49:
37:
2316:Museums in Tyne and Wear
1712:Map of Souter Lighthouse
1129:The Lighthouse Directory
780:Reversion to electricity
703:Chart of vicinity (1875)
585:Paris Exposition of 1867
344:located to the North of
1646:"Local history society"
1557:Parsons, R. H. (1940).
743:The 1914 optic remains
598:Holmes also designed a
354:Souter Point Lighthouse
58:Whitburn, Tyne and Wear
1748:Lighthouses in England
1605:"Sentinels of the Sea"
1248:Cite journal requires
800:
763:Science Museum, London
718:
573:J. Whitworth & co.
532:
529:Science Museum, London
489:
445:
1458:The Nautical Magazine
1430:Renton, Alan (2001).
1162:Jones, Robin (2014).
798:
716:
526:
487:
436:
256:11 January 1871
16:Lighthouse in England
1176:Personal observation
1041:Visit South Tyneside
517:Dungeness Lighthouse
405:St Mary's Lighthouse
2079:Portland Breakwater
2064:Plymouth Breakwater
1814:Burnham-on-Sea High
1680:on 12 November 2014
1037:"Souter Lighthouse"
774:Hornsby oil engines
239:One blast every 30s
207:(1990–)
140:brick (tower)
101:54.9705°N 1.36409°W
97: /
34:
2272:England portal
1869:Fleetwood (Pharos)
1819:Burnham-on-Sea Low
1611:(4). 23 March 1937
1104:on 29 October 2020
970:Engineering portal
801:
786:incandescent lamps
719:
533:
490:
446:
24:
2278:
2277:
1999:Lynmouth Foreland
1864:Fleetwood (Beach)
809:exponential horns
790:mains electricity
722:Conversion to oil
691:Lens and Lanterns
513:Royal Institution
470:Admiral Collinson
390:Lizard Lighthouse
338:Souter Lighthouse
335:
334:
106:54.9705; -1.36409
25:Souter Lighthouse
2343:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2069:Portishead Point
1889:Guile Point East
1859:Flamborough Head
1741:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1676:. Archived from
1670:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1412:
1411:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1080:(1, 639): 82–87.
1069:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1005:
972:
967:
966:
958:
953:
952:
931:
919:
907:
895:
883:
871:
859:
730:oil lamps (i.e.
700:
688:
676:
664:
652:
640:
628:
609:A more powerful
443:
440:
409:St Mary's Island
327:
326:
325:
308:
307:
293:
292:
278:
277:
263:
262:
229:
228:
214:
213:
192:
191:
177:
176:
162:
161:
147:
146:
132:
131:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
73:
42:
35:
33:
32:
23:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2258:
2219:Watchet Harbour
2169:Southsea Castle
2144:Smeaton's Tower
2109:Royal Sovereign
1750:
1745:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1662:. January 2012.
1658:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1485:"Fog Signals".
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1456:"Fog Signals".
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1428:
1415:
1408:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1160:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1123:Rowlett, Russ.
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1092:
1085:
1070:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
997:
993:
976:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
942:
935:
932:
923:
920:
911:
908:
899:
896:
887:
884:
875:
872:
863:
860:
851:
826:
818:
816:Decommissioning
782:
736:Chance Brothers
724:
711:
704:
701:
692:
689:
680:
677:
668:
665:
656:
653:
644:
641:
632:
629:
620:
596:
509:Michael Faraday
482:
466:Portland cement
441:
437:The lighthouse
431:
426:
417:
385:
362:carbon arc lamp
320:
302:
287:
272:
257:
223:
208:
203:(–1988),
186:
171:
156:
141:
126:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
69:
45:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2349:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2276:
2275:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Whitby Harbour
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:St Catherine's
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:North Foreland
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Hartland Point
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1696:External links
1694:
1692:
1691:
1665:
1651:
1637:
1622:
1596:
1585:
1564:
1549:
1537:National Trust
1521:
1507:
1496:
1474:
1463:
1448:
1437:
1413:
1406:
1381:
1367:
1339:
1328:
1321:
1304:
1289:
1274:
1259:
1250:|journal=
1220:
1206:
1192:
1178:
1169:
1145:
1115:
1083:
1053:
1025:
1013:National Trust
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
982:
974:
973:
959:
944:
943:
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:
926:
924:
921:
914:
912:
909:
902:
900:
897:
890:
888:
885:
878:
876:
873:
866:
864:
861:
854:
850:
847:
833:National Trust
825:
822:
817:
814:
781:
778:
723:
720:
710:
707:
706:
705:
702:
695:
693:
690:
683:
681:
678:
671:
669:
666:
659:
657:
654:
647:
645:
642:
635:
633:
631:East Elevation
630:
623:
619:
616:
595:
592:
481:
478:
454:James Douglass
430:
427:
425:
422:
416:
413:
384:
381:
373:National Trust
350:South Tyneside
333:
332:
329:
328:
316:
314:Characteristic
310:
309:
299:
295:
294:
284:
280:
279:
269:
265:
264:
254:
250:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
237:
231:
230:
220:
216:
215:
205:National Trust
198:
194:
193:
183:
179:
178:
170:cylinder
168:
164:
163:
153:
149:
148:
138:
134:
133:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
81:
75:
74:
67:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2348:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2273:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Sutton Bridge
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Staple Island
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:South Shields
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Portland High
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Portland Bill
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:North Shields
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Hilbre Island
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1633:
1626:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1407:0-415-06042-7
1403:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1371:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1332:
1324:
1322:0-85188-105-X
1318:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1002:
1000:
995:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
971:
965:
960:
957:
951:
946:
930:
925:
918:
913:
906:
901:
894:
889:
882:
877:
870:
865:
858:
853:
852:
846:
844:
843:
837:
834:
829:
821:
813:
810:
806:
797:
793:
791:
788:, powered by
787:
777:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
755:
752:
750:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
715:
699:
694:
687:
682:
675:
670:
663:
658:
651:
646:
639:
634:
627:
622:
621:
615:
612:
607:
604:
601:
591:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
564:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
530:
525:
521:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
486:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Trinity House
435:
421:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
380:
378:
374:
370:
369:Trinity House
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
330:
324:
319:Fl R 5s
317:
315:
311:
306:
300:
296:
291:
285:
281:
276:
270:
266:
261:
255:
251:
246:
242:
238:
236:
232:
227:
221:
217:
212:
206:
202:
201:Trinity House
199:
195:
190:
184:
180:
175:
169:
165:
160:
154:
150:
145:
139:
135:
130:
124:
120:
115:
110:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2204:Trevose Head
2149:Souter Point
2148:
2139:Seaton Carew
2114:St Anthony's
2104:Round Island
2089:Portland Low
2019:New Brighton
1959:Killingholme
1784:Bidston Hill
1682:. Retrieved
1678:the original
1668:
1654:
1640:
1631:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1567:
1558:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:
1515:
1510:
1499:
1490:
1486:
1471:photo c.1900
1466:
1457:
1451:
1440:
1431:
1391:
1384:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1349:
1342:
1331:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1292:
1283:
1277:
1268:
1262:
1241:cite journal
1233:
1229:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1136:. Retrieved
1128:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1096:
1077:
1073:
1044:. Retrieved
1040:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
842:Most Haunted
840:
838:
830:
827:
819:
802:
783:
767:
756:
753:
744:
728:incandescent
725:
709:20th century
667:Machine room
608:
597:
589:
565:
560:sector light
557:
553:James Chance
545:candle power
541:catadioptric
534:
491:
458:Henry Norris
447:
429:Construction
424:19th century
418:
398:
386:
377:holiday lets
366:
353:
337:
336:
137:Construction
71:NZ4080764169
18:
2189:Start Point
2134:Scarborough
2059:Plover Scar
1994:Lundy South
1989:Lundy North
1954:Inner Farne
1944:Hurst Point
1899:Happisburgh
1789:Bishop Rock
1769:Beachy Head
1759:Anvil Point
1684:12 November
1360:24 February
1046:13 November
824:Present day
740:first-order
655:Ground plan
537:third-order
480:Electricity
442: 1900
268:Deactivated
122:Constructed
104: /
79:Coordinates
2285:Categories
2229:Withernsea
2179:Spurn Head
2159:South Gare
2099:Roker Pier
2034:Orfordness
1949:Ilfracombe
1939:Hunstanton
1919:Heugh Hill
1839:Crow Point
1809:Bull Point
1794:Black Nore
1779:Berry Head
1774:Belle Tout
1615:2 November
1578:1 November
1542:3 November
1018:31 October
991:References
679:Light room
603:fog signal
555:in 1870.
493:Carbon arc
476:in Devon.
401:River Tyne
342:lighthouse
271:1988
235:Fog signal
125:1871
89:54°58′14″N
21:Lighthouse
2249:Wolf Rock
2234:Winterton
2209:Tynemouth
2174:Southwold
2129:St Mary's
2039:Pakefield
2009:Nab Tower
1984:Lowestoft
1979:Longstone
1974:Longships
1929:Hodbarrow
1914:The Heugh
1894:Hale Head
1879:Gorleston
1849:Eddystone
1844:Dungeness
1804:Bow Creek
643:Site plan
501:Blackwall
253:First lit
92:1°21′51″W
2224:Whitgift
2199:Tater Du
2094:Rampside
2054:Peninnis
2004:Maryport
1884:Gunfleet
1764:Bamburgh
1138:26 April
1108:10 March
940:See also
805:diaphone
770:Rayleigh
732:paraffin
462:rendered
394:Cornwall
383:Location
346:Whitburn
219:Heritage
197:Operator
182:Markings
54:Location
2119:St Bees
2049:Pendeen
2014:Needles
1964:Leasowe
1934:Hoylake
1909:Harwich
1874:Godrevy
849:Gallery
749:mercury
745:in situ
594:Foghorn
575:5
568:magneto
511:at the
503:and at
415:History
65:OS grid
2239:Whitby
2214:Walney
1969:Lizard
1834:Cromer
1829:Coquet
1404:
1319:
549:optics
539:fixed
152:Height
2044:Paull
1854:Farne
1799:Blyth
1593:photo
1354:(PDF)
611:siren
581:Allen
464:with
407:, on
340:is a
298:Range
248:Light
167:Shape
117:Tower
27:
2254:Wyre
1686:2014
1617:2022
1580:2022
1544:2022
1402:ISBN
1362:2019
1317:ISBN
1254:help
1140:2016
1110:2019
1078:LVII
1048:2022
1020:2022
600:reed
283:Lens
1398:606
577:nhp
392:in
2287::
1607:.
1535:.
1524:^
1491:23
1489:.
1477:^
1416:^
1400:.
1245::
1243:}}
1239:{{
1148:^
1131:.
1127:.
1086:^
1076:.
1056:^
1039:.
1028:^
1011:.
998:^
765:.
751:.
531:).
439:c.
396:.
379:.
348:,
1740:e
1733:t
1726:v
1688:.
1648:.
1619:.
1582:.
1546:.
1410:.
1378:.
1364:.
1325:.
1256:)
1252:(
1230:1
1142:.
1112:.
1050:.
1022:.
579:'
444:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
