1102:'s definition of translation, "the process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL)". The terms 'source text' and 'target text' are preferred over 'original' and 'translation' because they do not have the same positive vs. negative value judgment.
53:
564:
the subject under consideration. These documents or people summarize other material, usually primary source material. They are academics, journalists, and other researchers, and the papers and books they produce. This includes published accounts, published works, or published research. For example, a history book drawing upon diary and newspaper records.
570:
are compilations based upon primary and secondary sources. These are sources which, on average, do not fall into the above two levels. They consist of generalized research of a specific subject under consideration. Tertiary sources are analyzed, assimilated, evaluated, interpreted, and/or synthesized
563:
are written accounts of history based upon the evidence from primary sources. These are sources which, usually, are accounts, works, or research that analyze, assimilate, evaluate, interpret, and/or synthesize primary sources. These are not as authoritative and are supplemental documents concerning
1075:
A source that is official is called authoritative if it is known to be reliable and its authority or authenticity is widely recognized by experts in the field. Libraries specialize in collecting these types of resources so that students and faculty have the tools they need to research effectively.
521:
of an event by someone who was present. They have been described as those sources closest to the origin of the information or idea under study. These types of sources have been said to provide researchers with "direct, unmediated information about the object of study." Primary sources are sources
571:
from secondary sources, also. These are not authoritative and are just supplemental documents concerning the subject under consideration. These are often meant to present known information in a convenient form with no claim to originality. Common examples are
522:
which, usually, are recorded by someone who participated in, witnessed, or lived through the event. These are also usually authoritative and fundamental documents concerning the subject under consideration. This includes published original accounts, published
403:
1331:("he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for.");
1382:
77:
542:, however, are relative terms, and any given source may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how it is used. Physical objects can be primary sources.
526:
works, or published original research. They may contain original research or new information not previously published elsewhere. They have been distinguished from
1290:("A primary source is defined here as a source containing new information authored by the original researcher(s) and not previously published elsewhere.").
413:
1400:
316:
1113:
have represented the different approaches to translation as falling broadly into source-text-oriented or target-text-oriented categories.
1326:
425:
1359:
1211:
1190:
451:
601:
Below are types of sources that most generally, but not absolutely, fall into a certain level. The letters after an item describes
1370:
398:
1407:. ("Tertiary Source" is defined as "reference material that synthesizes work already reported in primary or secondary sources".)
1162:
285:
260:
1367:("he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing");
1485:
1454:
311:
1320:
393:
301:
1236:
444:
367:
173:
598:
is more peripheral, and is more relevant to the scholarly research work than to the published content itself.
1095:
214:
199:
1512:
1273:
Duff, Alistair (1996), "The literature search: a library-based model for information skills instruction",
337:
306:
132:
275:
24:
437:
1397:
530:, which often cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources. They serve as an original source of
388:
1257:
Lorenz, C. (2001), "History: Theories and
Methods", in Smelser, Neil J.; Baltes, Paul B. (eds.),
1127:
1085:
270:
178:
117:
92:
1477:
1471:
884:
353:
239:
137:
107:
1446:
1440:
1310:
72:
1334:
1208:
1187:
1132:
408:
265:
168:
112:
97:
1507:
1417:
420:
280:
122:
36:
1387:(" source may be primary or secondary, depending on what the researcher is looking for.").
8:
1122:
347:
204:
163:
153:
127:
102:
990:
209:
87:
82:
1481:
1450:
1316:
527:
332:
183:
67:
1166:
1517:
1349:
1282:
1241:
940:
560:
551:
358:
20:
1404:
1215:
1194:
1020:
567:
555:
363:
342:
591:
514:
509:
497:
1286:
1501:
1436:
1110:
1099:
803:
740:
657:
255:
158:
1228:
1098:
which is to be or has been, translated into another language. According to
782:
572:
484:, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another
52:
1354:
1246:
1106:
1091:
760:
531:
523:
481:
477:
234:
229:
44:
1137:
970:
647:
383:
500:, distinctions are commonly made between three kinds of source texts:
1030:
707:
667:
224:
1473:
Introducing
Translation Studies: theories and applications (4th ed.)
1442:
Introducing
Translation Studies: theories and applications (4th ed.)
1423:
750:
718:
697:
627:
576:
485:
1251:, citing U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2003),
1056:
469:
219:
605:
the type it is (though this can vary pending the exact source).
1010:
904:
873:
824:
728:
473:
378:
373:
19:"Reliable sources" redirects here. For the CNN talk show, see
960:
950:
835:
813:
687:
677:
518:
1259:
1209:"Library Guides: Primary, secondary and tertiary sources"
894:
862:
637:
1419:
Online
Dictionary of Library and Information Science
1165:. University of Maryland Libraries. Archived from
1094:, a source text (ST) is a text written in a given
594:, while the distinction between these sources and
1261:, vol. 10, Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 6871
1227:Dalton, Margaret Steig; Charnigo, Laurie (2004),
1499:
1335:"Future Historians: Their Quest for Information"
1312:An Introduction to the Historiography of Science
1368:
1332:
1188:JCU – Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Sources
1163:"Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources guide"
1226:
445:
1333:Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (1999),
1315:, Cambridge University Press, p. 121,
517:are firsthand written accounts made at the
1229:"Historians and Their Information Sources"
1157:
1155:
1153:
1086:Translation § Source and target texts
617:is for Tertiary sources. (ed., those with
452:
438:
1353:
1245:
545:
1070:
1476:. London/New York: Routledge. pp.
1445:. London/New York: Routledge. pp.
1150:
1500:
1469:
1435:
1369:Monagahn, E.J.; Hartman, D.K. (2001),
1256:
404:Bhagavad-gita translations by language
16:Text from which information is derived
1398:Glossary, Using Information Resources
1385:from the original on 14 December 2007
1308:
1240:, September (5): 400–25, at 416 n.3,
1204:
1202:
261:Internationalization and localization
1329:from the original on 21 January 2018
1272:
1199:
23:. For the Knowledge guideline, see
13:
394:Books and magazines on translation
14:
1529:
1371:"Historical research in literacy"
1365:from the original on 4 March 2016
1079:
1342:College & Research Libraries
1237:College & Research Libraries
51:
1463:
1429:
1105:Translation scholars including
1410:
1390:
1302:
1293:
1266:
1220:
1181:
613:is for Secondary sources, and
534:or new ideas about the topic.
491:
426:Kural translations by language
399:Bible translations by language
174:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
1253:Occupational Outlook Handbook
1143:
414:List of most translated works
215:Translation management system
7:
1116:
10:
1534:
1083:
549:
507:
503:
25:Knowledge:Reliable sources
18:
1287:10.1108/00242539610115263
582:The distinction between
480:or ideas are derived. In
774:Non-government documents
609:is for Primary sources,
389:Journalistic translation
1470:Munday, Jeremy (2016).
1128:Source (disambiguation)
271:Video game localization
179:Contrastive linguistics
1348:(3): 245–259, at 253,
1299:Handlin (1954) 118–246
621:s are indeterminate.)
546:Secondary and tertiary
354:Telephone interpreting
240:Multimedia translation
1309:Kragh, Helge (1989),
1133:Text (disambiguation)
1071:Authoritative sources
924:Unpublished Documents
795:Government documents
286:Software localization
266:Language localization
169:Translation criticism
98:Linguistic validation
1355:10.5860/crl.60.3.245
1247:10.5860/crl.65.5.400
885:Classified documents
281:Website localization
1513:Translation studies
1123:Journalism sourcing
1048:Meeting transcripts
348:Video relay service
205:Machine translation
164:Translation project
154:Translation studies
1403:2008-08-28 at the
1214:2005-02-12 at the
1193:2005-02-12 at the
1057:Financial accounts
1040:Membership records
854:Court proceedings
210:Mobile translation
876:data and records
561:Secondary sources
528:secondary sources
462:
461:
333:Untranslatability
184:Polysystem theory
1525:
1492:
1491:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1339:
1330:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1197:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1063:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1005:
997:
987:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
932:Personal papers
929:
919:
914:Court decisions
911:
901:
891:
881:
870:
859:
851:
843:
832:
821:
810:
800:
790:
779:
767:
757:
747:
735:
725:
715:
704:
694:
684:
674:
664:
654:
644:
634:
596:tertiary sources
588:secondary source
568:Tertiary sources
552:Secondary source
454:
447:
440:
409:Translated books
359:Language barrier
276:Dub localization
55:
32:
31:
21:Reliable Sources
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1434:
1430:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1405:Wayback Machine
1395:
1391:
1362:
1337:
1323:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1271:
1267:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1216:Wayback Machine
1207:
1200:
1195:Wayback Machine
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1119:
1096:source language
1088:
1082:
1073:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1001:
993:
983:
973:
963:
953:
943:
933:
925:
915:
907:
897:
887:
877:
866:
855:
847:
846:Court hearings
839:
828:
817:
806:
796:
786:
775:
763:
753:
743:
731:
721:
711:
700:
690:
680:
670:
660:
658:Autobiographies
650:
640:
630:
590:is standard in
558:
556:Tertiary source
550:Main articles:
548:
515:Primary sources
512:
506:
494:
458:
364:Fan translation
343:Transliteration
133:Sense-for-sense
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1531:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1494:
1493:
1487:978-1138912557
1486:
1462:
1456:978-1138912557
1455:
1437:Munday, Jeremy
1428:
1409:
1389:
1375:Reading Online
1321:
1301:
1292:
1275:Library Review
1265:
1219:
1198:
1180:
1169:on 3 July 2013
1148:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1081:
1080:In translation
1078:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1028:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1006:
998:
980:
979:
978:
968:
958:
948:
922:
921:
920:
912:
902:
892:
882:
871:
860:
852:
844:
833:
822:
811:
804:Public records
793:
792:
791:
772:
771:
770:
769:
768:
748:
741:Advertisements
738:
737:
736:
726:
716:
705:
695:
685:
675:
665:
645:
623:
592:historiography
584:primary source
547:
544:
510:Primary source
508:Main article:
505:
502:
498:historiography
493:
490:
460:
459:
457:
456:
449:
442:
434:
431:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
417:
416:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
368:of video games
361:
356:
351:
345:
340:
335:
327:
326:
325:Related topics
322:
321:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
296:
295:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
250:
249:
245:
244:
243:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
194:
193:
189:
188:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
148:
147:
143:
142:
141:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
118:Interpretation
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1322:0-521-38921-6
1318:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1111:Peter Newmark
1108:
1103:
1101:
1100:Jeremy Munday
1097:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
989:
988:
986:
981:
976:
972:
969:
966:
962:
959:
956:
952:
949:
946:
942:
939:
938:
936:
931:
930:
928:
923:
918:
913:
910:
906:
903:
900:
896:
893:
890:
886:
883:
880:
875:
872:
869:
864:
861:
858:
853:
850:
845:
842:
837:
834:
831:
826:
823:
820:
815:
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
799:
794:
789:
784:
781:
780:
778:
773:
766:
762:
761:Peer Journals
759:
758:
756:
752:
749:
746:
742:
739:
734:
730:
727:
724:
720:
717:
714:
709:
706:
703:
699:
696:
693:
689:
686:
683:
679:
676:
673:
669:
666:
663:
659:
656:
655:
653:
649:
646:
643:
639:
636:
635:
633:
629:
625:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
573:encyclopedias
569:
565:
562:
557:
553:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
511:
501:
499:
489:
487:
483:
479:
476:) from which
475:
471:
467:
455:
450:
448:
443:
441:
436:
435:
433:
432:
427:
424:
422:
419:
415:
412:
411:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
369:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Transcription
336:
334:
331:
330:
329:
328:
324:
323:
318:
315:
313:
312:Organizations
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
298:
297:
294:Institutional
293:
292:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Glocalization
254:
253:
252:
251:
247:
246:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
195:
191:
190:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
159:Skopos theory
157:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
128:Word-for-word
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
78:Bhagavad-gita
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
64:
63:
59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
46:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1472:
1465:
1441:
1431:
1418:
1412:
1392:
1378:
1374:
1345:
1341:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1281:(4): 14–18,
1278:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1252:
1235:
1222:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:the original
1104:
1089:
1074:
1060:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1002:
994:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
926:
916:
908:
898:
888:
878:
867:
856:
848:
840:
829:
818:
807:
797:
787:
783:Organization
776:
764:
754:
744:
732:
722:
712:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
641:
631:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
600:
595:
587:
583:
581:
566:
559:
539:
535:
513:
495:
465:
463:
302:Associations
248:Localization
192:Technologies
29:
1508:Translation
1107:Eugene Nida
1092:translation
668:Biographies
532:information
492:Description
482:translation
478:information
472:(sometimes
466:source text
421:Translators
235:Postediting
230:Pre-editing
45:Translation
1502:Categories
1396:See, e.g.
1144:References
1138:Wikisource
1084:See also:
1031:Interviews
648:Literature
626:Published
384:Scanlation
225:Subtitling
138:Homophonic
108:Regulatory
1000:Fieldwork
719:Pamphlets
710:articles
708:Newspaper
698:Magazines
628:Documents
603:generally
577:textbooks
540:secondary
113:Technical
1439:(2016).
1424:ABC-CLIO
1401:Archived
1383:archived
1360:archived
1327:archived
1212:Archived
1191:Archived
1117:See also
1021:Speeches
982:Research
961:Journals
905:Treaties
865:accounts
838:records
827:records
751:Research
524:original
486:language
123:Cultural
73:Literary
37:a series
35:Part of
1518:Sources
1173:12 July
1011:Reports
991:Surveys
951:Diaries
941:Letters
785:papers
729:Posters
536:Primary
504:Primary
317:Schools
220:Dubbing
103:Medical
1484:
1453:
1381:(11),
1319:
874:Census
825:Police
816:lists
379:Fandub
374:Fansub
307:Awards
146:Theory
1478:67–74
1363:(PDF)
1338:(PDF)
1232:(PDF)
971:Wills
836:Court
814:Voter
688:Books
678:Poems
468:is a
350:(VRS)
93:Kural
88:Quran
83:Bible
68:Legal
60:Types
1482:ISBN
1451:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1175:2013
1109:and
895:Laws
638:Maps
586:and
575:and
554:and
538:and
519:time
474:oral
470:text
1350:doi
1283:doi
1242:doi
1090:In
1061:(?)
1051:(?)
1043:(?)
1035:(?)
1025:(P)
1015:(?)
1003:(?)
995:(?)
985:(?)
975:(P)
965:(P)
955:(P)
945:(P)
935:(P)
927:(?)
917:(P)
909:(P)
899:(P)
889:(P)
879:(P)
868:(?)
863:Tax
857:(?)
849:(?)
841:(?)
830:(?)
819:(?)
808:(P)
798:(P)
788:(P)
777:(?)
765:(S)
755:(P)
745:(P)
733:(P)
723:(T)
713:(S)
702:(T)
692:(?)
682:(?)
672:(S)
662:(P)
652:(?)
642:(?)
632:(?)
496:In
200:CAT
1504::
1480:.
1449:.
1422:,
1377:,
1373:,
1358:,
1346:60
1344:,
1340:,
1325:,
1279:45
1277:,
1255:;
1234:,
1201:^
1152:^
579:.
488:.
464:A
39:on
1490:.
1459:.
1447:8
1379:4
1352::
1285::
1263:.
1244::
1177:.
619:?
615:T
611:S
607:P
453:e
446:t
439:v
370:)
366:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
