320:. This occurred because Senghor was running unopposed as president and the economic stability of Senegal began to fade. Senegal relied heavily on peanut-farming and this source of economic stability was in decline. Single-party rule prevented an overwhelming economic crisis and ensured social stability in Senegal, which was appealing to people in the country. In the 1990s, Senegal's status as a democracy was called into question because it seemed impossible to remove the Socialist Party of Senegal from office.
2055:
340:
political monopoly the
Socialist Party had on Senegal and helped establish Senegal as one of the African countries with the most advanced democracies. Senegal became one of the first African countries to remove the head of government by voting instead of a coup or violent measures. Wade was the candidate from the Senegalese Democratic Party and had been the leader of the political opposition against the Socialist Party for about 25 years.
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272:. The Socialist Party of Senegal's goal is to work on the implementation of democratic socialism into Senegal's political atmosphere. The implementation of democratic socialism includes the establishment of an open, democratic, and humanitarian society while preserving African identity. Since 1976, the Socialist Party of Senegal is the official socialist party choice for the country.
742:
713:
679:
38:
762:, which has 165 seats (the number of seats have gradually increased over past elections). There has been periods (1999 to 2001 and 2007 to 2012) where Senegal has also had a Senate, but it was abolished by a constitutional referendum in 2001 and then abolished a second time in 2012. Elections are held every 5 years.
335:
This was the beginning of
Senegal moving from an essentially single-party system into a more competitive system. Leopold Sedar Senghor voluntarily resigned from position of president in 1980 and Abdou Diouf came into power as Senghor's hand-picked successor. Senghor became the first African head of
769:
Since independence, in the 1963, 1968, and 1973 elections the
Socialist Party had full control of the National Assembly. In 1973 they lost 18 out of 100 seats to the Senegalese Democratic Party. In the years after they increasingly lost more seats in the National Assembly. The Socialist Party of
343:
In the 2007 and 2012 presidential elections, Ousmane Tanor Dieng unsuccessfully ran. In 2007, the
Socialist Party participated in a boycott of the June 2007 parliamentary elections and has not held seats in the National Assembly since. Since 2012 the party has run in the parliamentary elections as
307:
since 1945, therefore he already had political experience when elected president. In the early 1960s, there was a personal and political rivalry between
President Senghor and Prime Minister Mamadoua Dia. In 1962, there was a coup attempt. Dia accepted blame and was sent to prison as a result. A
765:
The
Socialist Party of Senegal has held seats in the National Assembly since it was created until 2007. The Socialist Party of Senegal also previously held Senegalese seats in the French National Assembly starting in 1951 and held 43 out of 50 seats in Senegal's Territorial Assembly starting in
339:
In the 2000 presidential election, the
Socialist Party of Senegal was defeated and was no longer the ruling party for the first time in 40 years. Abdou Diouf, the 19-year incumbent of the Socialist Party, was defeated by Abdoulaye Wade. The removal of Diouf from office by an election broke the
773:
In June 2007, the
Socialist Party of Senegal boycotted the parliamentary elections. They have not held seats in the National Assembly since then, holding zero seats in 2007, 2012, and 2017. Since 2012 the party has run in the parliamentary elections as part of the
299:
in 1948 and in 1958 it merged with another political party to become the UPS. The UPS became the ruling party of
Senegal in 1960 once independence was gained. The UPS officially was known as the Socialist Party of Senegal starting in 1976.
770:
Senegal finally lost majority in the
National Assembly in April 2001 when the Senegalese Democratic Party won 89 of the 120 seats. In the 2001 election, the party only won 17.4% of the popular vote and 10 out of 120 seats.
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When Senegal gained independence in 1960, Senghor was unanimously elected president to Senegal's new republic system. He was elected president on 5 September 1960. He had served in the
365:
Senegal is a republic with a presidency. The president is elected every 7 years (previously every 5 years until 2001 and between 2007 and 2012) by the adult Senegalese population. The
2138:
1917:
Mozaffar, S.; Vengroff, R. (1 December 2002). "A 'whole system' approach to the choice of electoral rules in democratizing countries:: Senegal in comparative perspective".
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has been the First Secretary of the Socialist Party of Senegal since 1996 and was the presidential candidate in 2007 and 2012. The best-known figure of the party was
2318:
2040:
2184:
2103:
381:, in a second round of voting. Diouf received the most votes, 41.3%, in the first round, but in the second round he received only 41.51% against Wade.
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and it was in power under him politically from 1960 to 1980. The Socialist Party of Senegal was initially known as the Senegalese Progressive Union (
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2018:
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151:
1977:
1862:
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Beck, Linda J. (1997). "Senegal's "Patrimonial Democrats": Incremental Reform and the Obstacles to the Consolidation of Democracy".
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The Socialist Party of Senegal was first created in 1958 right before Senegal gained independence. The Party was founded by
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1683:"The Endurance and Decline of Single Party Dominance in African States: A Case Study of Botswana and Senegal"
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ended 40 years of dominance by the Socialist Party of Senegal. The party's candidate, incumbent president
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759:
374:
332:
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251:
170:
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316:. In 1963, Senghor ran unopposed for president and consequently won. By 1966, Senegal was considered a
296:
288:
265:
246:
from independence in 1960 until 2000. In 2000, the party's candidate and previous incumbent president,
239:
56:
1827:
VillalĂłn, Leonardo A. (1994). "Democratizing A (Quasi) Democracy: The Senegalese Elections of 1993".
1406:
323:
There was no legal political opposition to the Socialist Party of Senegal until 1974, which is when
2249:
2269:
276:
155:
76:
1980:[Locales 2022: the Socialist Party (PS) reaffirms its roots in Benno Bokk Yaakaar].
1978:"Locales 2022 : le Parti Socialiste (PS) réaffirme son ancrage dans Benno Bokk Yaakaar"
1865:[Locales 2022: the Socialist Party (PS) reaffirms its roots in Benno Bokk Yaakaar].
1863:"Locales 2022 : le Parti Socialiste (PS) réaffirme son ancrage dans Benno Bokk Yaakaar"
1653:
2219:
309:
269:
215:
106:
1427:
Koter, Dominika (April 2013). "King Makers: Local Leaders and Ethnic Politics in Africa".
8:
2297:
1952:
1840:
1479:
Galvan, Dennis Charles (1 July 2001). "Political Turnover and Social Change in Senegal".
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389:; he took third place with 13.56% of the vote. He was also the candidate in the
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Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora Since 1787
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obtained legal permission from Senghor to create a new party. He created the
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The parliament in Senegal is unicameral and is currently made up of the
779:
349:
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1614:
331:. Starting in 1978, Wade's party began to start winning seats in the
1889:"Senegal's president concedes defeat; victory for African democracy"
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coalition, the coalition of the presidential majority in support of
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coalition, the coalition of the presidential majority in support of
1728:
2274:
2054:
243:
2072:
1803:"Political parties – Senegal – issues, growth, policy, sector"
2234:
90:
2073:
African Patriots of Senegal for Work, Ethics and Fraternity
2008:
190:
1750:
Mbow, Penda (2008). "Senegal: The Return of Personalism".
279:. As of 2018, there were about 1.2 million party members.
1534:"The Senegalese National Assembly – Senegalese deputies"
275:
The Socialist Party of Senegal is a full member of the
1680:
1571:
Kanté, Babacar (1994). "Senegal's Empty Elections".
308:new constitution took effect in 1963 and Senegal's
2334:Full member parties of the Socialist International
2185:And-JĂ«f/African Party for Democracy and Socialism
2310:
2175:African Party for the Independence of the Masses
1916:
2319:African and Black nationalist parties in Africa
2200:Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party
2129:Republican Movement for Socialism and Democracy
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2180:Alliance for Progress and Justice/JĂ«f-JĂ«l
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1681:Amsalu Tebeje Tesfahun (16 April 2016).
2195:Convergence for Renewal and Citizenship
397:, the party did not field a candidate.
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2230:Reform Movement for Social Development
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2094:Citizen Movement for National Reform
1841:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098706
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373:, was defeated by the leader of the
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250:, was defeated by the leader of the
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295:, UPS). Senghor had founded the
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2260:Social Democratic Party/Jant Bi
2119:Party for Truth and Development
1970:
1953:"THE SENEGALESE SENATE – Sénat"
1945:
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1654:"Senegal: 1974–present | ICNC"
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1931:10.1016/S0261-3794(01)00029-4
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336:state to voluntarily retire.
242:. It was the ruling party in
2359:Socialist parties in Senegal
2344:Political parties in Senegal
2339:Parties of one-party systems
2154:Union for Democratic Renewal
2050:Political parties in Senegal
1984:(in French). 21 October 2021
1869:(in French). 21 October 2021
7:
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2084:Alliance of Progress Forces
1807:www.nationsencyclopedia.com
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236:Parti Socialiste du Sénégal
29:Parti socialiste du Sénégal
10:
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1893:LA Times Blogs – World Now
297:Senegalese Democratic Bloc
240:political party in Senegal
228:Socialist Party of Senegal
26:Socialist Party of Senegal
16:Political party in Senegal
2293:List of political parties
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2210:National Democratic Rally
2190:Authentic Socialist Party
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393:and lost again. In the
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156:Socialist International
127:Political position
77:Senegalese Popular Bloc
2265:Takku Defaraat Sénégal
361:Presidential elections
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48:Aminata Mbengue Ndiaye
1764:10.1353/jod.2008.0013
1585:10.1353/jod.1994.0007
1493:10.1353/jod.2001.0047
830:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
450:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
312:became a centralized
289:Leopold Sedar Senghor
266:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
57:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
2349:Progressive Alliance
2220:Rally for the People
1752:Journal of Democracy
1621:(16 December 2003).
1573:Journal of Democracy
1481:Journal of Democracy
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310:parliamentary system
270:president of Senegal
152:Progressive Alliance
138:National affiliation
107:Democratic socialism
2298:Politics of Senegal
1184:Ousmane Tanor Dieng
695:Ousmane Tanor Dieng
383:Ousmane Tanor Dieng
314:presidential system
262:Ousmane Tanor Dieng
206:Politics of Senegal
116:African nationalism
2149:The Servants / MPR
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910:
907:
904:
898:
897:
896:Won all seats
894:
886:
879:
874:
872:
869:
866:
860:
859:
858:Won all seats
856:
848:
845:
840:
838:
835:
832:
827:
821:
820:
815:
812:
809:
804:
799:
794:
791:
776:United in Hope
755:
752:
749:
748:
735:
732:
729:
726:
720:
719:
706:
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692:
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672:
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611:
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582:
579:
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568:
562:
561:
548:
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542:
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533:
532:
519:
516:
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510:
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490:
487:
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481:
475:
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461:
458:
455:
452:
447:
441:
440:
437:
433:
432:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
406:
379:Abdoulaye Wade
362:
359:
357:
354:
346:United in Hope
325:Abdoulaye Wade
284:
281:
256:Abdoulaye Wade
222:
221:
219:
218:
213:
208:
202:
199:
198:
186:
185:
181:
180:
175:
173:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
149:
145:
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142:United in Hope
139:
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129:
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122:
100:
94:
93:
84:
80:
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74:
70:
69:
64:
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33:
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28:
25:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2371:
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2037:
2032:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1911:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1868:
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1834:
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1808:
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1711:
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1692:
1688:
1687:www.ajol.info
1684:
1677:
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1659:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1634:9781134689330
1630:
1627:. Routledge.
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:(1): 96–108.
1578:
1574:
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1557:
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1376:
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1352:
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1309:
1300:
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1271:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
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1249:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1003:
995:
988:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
972:
964:
956:
949:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
925:
918:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
887:
880:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
849:
846:
839:
836:
833:
831:
826:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:Party leader
792:
790:
787:
786:
783:
781:
777:
771:
767:
763:
761:
739:
736:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
710:
707:
701:
698:
696:
691:
688:
687:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
644:
641:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
615:
612:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
586:
583:
577:
574:
572:
567:
564:
563:
552:
549:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
523:
520:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
494:
491:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
465:
462:
456:
453:
451:
446:
443:
442:
439:Second Round
434:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
405:
401:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
353:
351:
347:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
306:
301:
298:
294:
290:
280:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
200:
196:
187:
182:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
146:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
128:
124:
121:
117:
112:
108:
104:
101:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
66:1958 (as UPS)
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
22:
19:
2143:
2089:Bokk Gis Gis
1986:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1957:www.senat.fr
1956:
1947:
1922:
1918:
1897:. Retrieved
1892:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1857:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1720:
1716:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1661:. Retrieved
1657:
1623:
1609:
1576:
1572:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1487:(3): 51–62.
1484:
1480:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1405:
1336:
1227:
817:
806:
801:
796:
788:
772:
768:
764:
757:
737:
708:
674:
642:
613:
584:
550:
521:
492:
463:
436:First Round
426:
421:
416:
411:
403:
364:
344:part of the
342:
338:
322:
302:
292:
286:
274:
268:, the first
260:
227:
225:
110:
87:Hann Bel-Air
83:Headquarters
68:1976 (as PS)
18:
2014:(in French)
1988:1 September
1873:1 September
1723:(1): 1–31.
1388:Run within
1217:Opposition
1023:Abdou Diouf
571:Abdou Diouf
371:Abdou Diouf
238:, PS) is a
193:.ps-senegal
132:Centre-left
2313:Categories
2065:Parliament
1962:5 December
1899:5 December
1812:5 December
1663:12 October
1615:Adi, Hakim
1543:5 December
1414:References
1341:1,518,137
1298:1,637,761
1260:1,040,899
944:1,355,306
906:1,209,984
868:1,132,518
780:Macky Sall
512:1,357,056
483:1,229,927
454:1,149,935
350:Macky Sall
248:Abdou Diof
165:Green, red
1939:0261-3794
1780:153717057
1772:1086-3214
1601:153966392
1593:1086-3214
1509:155083589
1501:1086-3214
1449:1086-3338
1392:coalition
1361:Coalition
1318:Coalition
1280:Coalition
1074:103 / 120
1035:111 / 120
952:100 / 100
814:Position
216:Elections
111:1958–1976
45:Secretary
1691:Archived
1400:See also
1196:10 / 120
1188:326,126
1152:93 / 140
1144:612,559
1113:84 / 120
1105:602,171
1066:794,559
1027:862,713
991:82 / 100
983:790,799
834:682,365
789:Election
728:305,924
699:464,287
668:687,969
662:690,917
633:757,311
604:828,301
575:908,879
541:807,515
431:Results
404:Election
98:Ideology
2275:Waar Wi
2080:–Yakaar
1234:0 / 150
1108:56.56%
1069:71.34%
1030:79.94%
986:81.74%
914:80 / 80
876:80 / 80
871:94.20%
842:80 / 80
818:Outcome
731:11.30%
702:13.56%
671:41.51%
665:41.30%
636:58.40%
607:73.20%
578:83.45%
244:Senegal
184:Website
177:0 / 150
63:Founded
53:Founder
2163:Others
1937:
1849:723839
1847:
1778:
1770:
1737:485323
1735:
1697:1 July
1631:
1599:
1591:
1507:
1499:
1447:
1344:46.56
1337:Vacant
1301:49.47
1263:53.06
1191:17.4%
1147:50.2%
837:83.0%
766:1952.
544:82.2%
232:French
162:Colors
2235:Rewmi
1845:JSTOR
1776:S2CID
1733:JSTOR
1597:S2CID
1505:S2CID
947:100%
909:100%
807:Seats
797:Votes
515:100%
486:100%
457:100%
422:Votes
412:Votes
91:Dakar
1990:2022
1964:2018
1935:ISSN
1901:2018
1875:2022
1814:2018
1768:ISSN
1699:2023
1665:2018
1658:ICNC
1629:ISBN
1589:ISSN
1545:2018
1497:ISSN
1445:ISSN
1358:1st
1332:2022
1315:1st
1294:2017
1277:1st
1256:2012
1223:2007
1214:3rd
1179:2001
1170:1st
1140:1998
1131:1st
1101:1993
1092:1st
1062:1988
1053:1st
1018:1983
1009:1st
979:1978
970:1st
940:1973
931:1st
902:1968
893:1st
864:1963
855:1st
847:New
825:1959
811:+/–
738:Lost
724:2012
709:Lost
690:2007
675:Lost
658:2000
629:1993
600:1988
566:1983
537:1978
508:1973
479:1968
445:1963
226:The
1927:doi
1837:doi
1760:doi
1725:doi
1581:doi
1489:doi
1437:doi
1244:10
1206:83
1123:19
1045:29
1001:18
962:20
643:Won
614:Won
585:Won
551:Won
522:Won
493:Won
464:Won
258:.
195:.sn
191:www
2315::
1955:.
1933:.
1923:21
1921:.
1909:^
1891:.
1843:.
1833:93
1831:.
1805:.
1788:^
1774:.
1766:.
1756:19
1754:.
1731:.
1721:31
1719:.
1707:^
1689:.
1685:.
1673:^
1656:.
1643:^
1617:;
1595:.
1587:.
1575:.
1553:^
1536:.
1517:^
1503:.
1495:.
1485:12
1483:.
1457:^
1443:.
1433:65
1431:.
1379:^
1350:—
1347:—
1307:—
1304:—
1269:—
1266:—
1247:—
1162:9
1084:8
782:.
734:—
705:—
639:—
610:—
581:—
547:—
518:—
489:—
460:—
377:,
352:.
254:,
234::
89:,
2042:e
2035:t
2028:v
1992:.
1966:.
1941:.
1929::
1903:.
1877:.
1851:.
1839::
1816:.
1782:.
1762::
1739:.
1727::
1701:.
1667:.
1637:.
1603:.
1583::
1577:5
1547:.
1511:.
1491::
1451:.
1439::
1368:)
1364:(
1325:)
1321:(
1287:)
1283:(
802:%
746:N
717:N
683:N
651:Y
622:Y
593:Y
559:Y
530:Y
501:Y
472:Y
427:%
417:%
230:(
113::
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