232:
is a comment that contains strongly offensive content directed against people of a specific race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. According to a
Council of Europe survey, across the European Union, 78% of respondents had encountered hate speech online; 40% felt personally attacked or threatened; and
174:
Bulk submissions are a set of comments repeated multiple times with the same or very similar text. These messages, also called as spam-bombs, can come in the form of one spammer sending out duplicate messages to a group of people in a short period of time, or many active spam accounts simultaneously
271:
Fraudulent reviews are reviews of a product or service from users that never actually used it, and therefore insincere or misleading. These are often solicited by the proprietor of the product or service, who contracts positive reviews, known as “reviews-for-hire”. Some companies are attempting to
187:
User-submitted comments that contain swear words or slurs are classified as profanity. Common techniques to circumvent censorship include “cloaking”, which works by using symbols and numbers in place of letters or inserting punctuation inside the word (for example, "w.o.r.d.s" instead of "words").
157:
segments, or use common fan pages or groups to send notes from fraudulent accounts. Such notes may include embedded links to pornographic or other product sites designed to sell something. In response to this, many social networks have included a "report spam/abuse" button or address to contact.
250:
to the user's device, directing the user to sites designed to steal personal information, drawing unaware users into participating in concealed advertising campaigns, and other harmful consequences. Malware can be very dangerous to the user, and can manifest in several forms: viruses, worms,
284:
often try to gain credibility by following verified accounts, such as those for popular celebrities and public figures. If that account owner follows the spammer back, it legitimizes the spam account, enabling it to do more damage.
117:. Recent analysis showed social spammers content preferences changing slightly, with apparel and sports accounting for 36% of all posts. Others included: porn and pills (16%), SEO/web development (23%), and mortgage loans (12%).
165:
Facebook pages with pictures and text asking readers to e.g. "show your support" or "vote" are used to gather likes, comments and shares which improve the pages' ranking. The page is then slightly changed and sold for profit.
83:
Social spam is on the rise, with analysts reporting over a tripling of social spam activity in six months. It is estimated that up to 40% of all social user accounts are fake, depending on the site. In August, 2012,
241:
User-submitted comments can include malicious links that will inappropriately harm, mislead, or otherwise damage a user or computer. These links are most commonly found on video entertainment sites, such as
80:, fake accounts, or real people. Social spammers often capitalize on breaking news stories to plant malicious links or dominate the comment sections of websites with disruptive or offensive content.
212:
User-submitted threats of violence are comments that contain mild or strong threats of physical violence against a person or group. In
September 2012, Eric Yee was arrested for making threats in an
648:
514:
395:
196:
User-submitted insults are comments that contain mildly or strongly insulting language against a specific person or persons. These comments range from mild name-calling to severe
204:. Hiding behind a screen name allows users to say mean, insulting comments with anonymity; these bullies rarely have to take responsibility for their comments and actions.
1023:
Ghosh, Saptarshi; Viswanath, Bimal; Kooti, Farshad; Sharma, Naveen Kumar; Korlam, Gautam; Benevenuto, Fabricio; Ganguly, Niloy; Gummadi, Krishna Phani (16 April 2012).
293:
User-submitted comments that inappropriately display full names, physical addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, or credit card numbers are considered leaks of
831:
570:
752:
916:
179:
to trend highly. For example, in 2009, a large number of spam accounts began simultaneously posting links to a website, causing ‘ajobwithgoogle’ to trend.
652:
832:"ESPN aids authorities in arresting a man accused of making threats against children in a post about LeBron James | Ball Don't Lie - Yahoo Sports"
518:
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shoes, but quickly turned into a stream of racist and insulting comments, and threats against children. This is a more serious example of social spam.
854:
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894:
474:
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72:. Over 90% of social network users have experienced social spam in some form. Those doing the “spamming” can be automated
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The words are still recognizable by the human eye, though are often missed by website monitors due to the misspelling.
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filters became more effective, catching over 95% of these messages, spammers have moved to a new target – the
1060:
809:
1263:
1145:
855:"Eric Yee, Yale Dropout, Allegedly Threatened to Shoot Valencia Schoolkids, Aurora Style, in ESPN Chatroom"
360:. 5th International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web (AIRWeb '09). pp. 41–48.
153:
accounts are used for spam. These spammers can utilize the social network's search tools to target certain
358:
Proceedings of the 5th
International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web - AIRWeb '09
786:
696:
315: – spam targeting users of instant messaging (IM) services, sms or private messages within websites
1303:
88:
admitted through its updated regulatory filing that 8.7% of its 955 million active accounts were fake.
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29:
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is a comment that has commercial content irrelevant to the discussion at hand. Many of the old
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Fake friends occurs when several fake accounts connect or become “friends”. These users or
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40:(comments, chat, etc.). It can be manifested in many ways, including bulk messages,
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1031:. WWW '12. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 61–70.
404:
391:"A review on social spam detection: Challenges, open issues, and future directions"
361:
356:
Benjamin
Markines; Ciro Cattuto; Filippo Menczer (2009). "Social spam detection".
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246:. When a user clicks on a malicious link, the result can include downloading
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Social networking spam is spam directed specifically at users of internet
1191:
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200:. Online bullies often use insults in their interactions, referred to as
154:
49:
1025:"Understanding and combating link farming in the twitter social network"
389:
Rao, Sanjeev; Verma, Anil Kumar; Bhatia, Tarunpreet (30 December 2021).
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1201:
1160:
1122:
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tackle this problem by warning users that not all reviews are genuine.
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posting duplicate messages. Bulk messages can cause certain topics or
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Proceedings of the 21st international conference on World Wide Web
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675:"How do I report spam on Facebook? | Facebook Help Center"
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comment section. He started out discussing the high price of
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kernel (1) / Error - Young People against hate speech online
158:
Spammers, however, frequently change their address from one
999:"Yelp Cracks Down on Fake Reviews With New Consumer Alerts"
213:
109:
content resurfaced on social networks, from Viagra ads, to
895:"Video sites pose highest risk of malicious links in 2011"
1022:
753:"How 'Liking' a page on Facebook makes cash for spammers"
52:, malicious links, fraudulent reviews, fake friends, and
542:"Social Media Spam Increased 355% in First Half of 2013"
336: – Deliberate manipulation of search engine indexes
338:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
288:
1104:
973:"Yelp's new weapon against fake reviews: User alerts"
917:"Socializing with malware on Facebook and Twitter..."
539:
489:"What is Social Spam? (And How to Avoid Creating It)"
317:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
624:"83 million Facebook accounts are fakes and dupes"
780:
778:
540:Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (1 October 2013).
1451:
787:"New Twitter spam-bomb offers A Job With Google"
724:Why 'Liking' Facebook virals makes scammers rich
564:
562:
775:
388:
1090:
784:
559:
330: – Paid commercial segment on television
697:"Why is it so difficult to catch a spammer?"
233:1 in 20 have posted hate speech themselves.
829:
568:
1097:
1083:
1061:"Get a high paying social media job today"
571:"'Likejacking': Spammers Hit Social Media"
149:. Experts estimate that as many as 40% of
996:
424:"Social spam is taking over the Internet"
309: – Advertisements on Internet forums
120:
162:to another, and are thus hard to track.
807:
1452:
852:
473:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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750:
621:
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266:
1465:Internet manipulation and propaganda
853:Wilson, Simone (18 September 2012).
997:Fiegerman, Seth (18 October 2012).
970:
808:Hendrie, Alison (5 February 2010).
295:personally identifiable information
289:Personally identifiable information
54:personally identifiable information
13:
1284:Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse
785:Martin Bryant (1 September 2009).
236:
18:Spam on social networking services
14:
1481:
1269:Challenge–response spam filtering
1106:Unsolicited digital communication
1070:
942:"Malware – Good to Know – Google"
830:Kelly Dwyer (19 September 2012).
971:Hsu, Tiffany (18 October 2012).
810:"Complaint Box - Online Insults"
622:Kelly, Heather (3 August 2012).
396:Expert Systems with Applications
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649:"Impermium – Google Impermium"
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533:
515:"Impermium – Google Impermium"
507:
481:
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1:
751:Coles, Sarah (15 July 2016).
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36:sites, and any website with
7:
569:Olga Kharif (25 May 2012).
422:Tynan, Dan (3 April 2012).
300:
10:
1486:
1304:Naive Bayes spam filtering
409:10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115742
324: – Form of spamdexing
207:
191:
127:social networking services
59:
30:social networking services
1405:
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897:. Kaspersky. 1 March 2012
1279:Disposable email address
1141:Directory harvest attack
328:Television advertisement
91:
1037:10.1145/2187836.2187846
881:March 28, 2013, at the
366:10.1145/1531914.1531924
169:
115:counterfeit merchandise
96:
121:Social networking spam
38:user-generated content
28:content appearing on
1289:Email authentication
857:. Blogs.laweekly.com
655:on 15 September 2012
111:work-from-home scams
1136:Bulk email software
1063:. 10 November 2022.
952:on 19 October 2011
834:. Sports.yahoo.com
521:on 15 October 2012
455:on 15 October 2011
267:Fraudulent reviews
160:throw-away account
34:social bookmarking
1447:
1446:
1274:Context filtering
1250:
1249:
1046:978-1-4503-1229-5
977:Los Angeles Times
732:. 24 October 2012
1477:
1470:Social influence
1415:Advance-fee scam
1362:Keyword stuffing
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948:. Archived from
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922:. 27 August 2015
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759:. Archived from
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577:. Archived from
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517:. Archived from
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493:Constant Contact
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451:. Archived from
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1427:Make Money Fast
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1397:URL redirection
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1131:Address munging
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883:Wayback Machine
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495:. 20 March 2012
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449:"Archived copy"
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237:Malicious links
228:User-submitted
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1407:Internet fraud
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1357:Google bombing
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1299:List poisoning
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1156:Email spoofing
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1071:External links
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946:www.google.com
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789:. The Next Web
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763:on 29 May 2016
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581:on 25 May 2012
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151:social network
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1372:Referrer spam
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1171:Pink contract
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722:"Yahoo News:
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375:9781605584386
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322:Spam in blogs
320:
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264:
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257:Trojan horses
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202:cyberbullying
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1420:Lottery scam
1381:
1377:Scraper site
1347:Doorway page
1217:Mobile phone
1197:Cold calling
1055:
1028:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
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980:. Retrieved
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954:. Retrieved
950:the original
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936:
924:. Retrieved
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899:. Retrieved
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859:. Retrieved
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836:. Retrieved
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813:. Retrieved
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791:. Retrieved
765:. Retrieved
761:the original
756:
746:
734:. Retrieved
729:
723:
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704:. Retrieved
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691:
679:. Retrieved
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657:. Retrieved
653:the original
643:
631:. Retrieved
627:
617:
605:. Retrieved
595:
583:. Retrieved
579:the original
575:Businessweek
574:
549:. Retrieved
545:
535:
523:. Retrieved
519:the original
509:
497:. Retrieved
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483:
457:. Retrieved
453:the original
443:
431:. Retrieved
427:
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394:
384:
357:
351:
292:
279:
276:Fake friends
270:
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227:
218:LeBron James
211:
195:
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100:
82:
63:
24:is unwanted
21:
20:
15:
1382:Social spam
1294:Greylisting
1264:Client-side
1192:Auto dialer
701:Spam Reader
601:"Form 10-Q"
230:hate speech
224:Hate speech
155:demographic
101:Commercial
78:social bots
50:hate speech
22:Social spam
1454:Categories
1387:Spam blogs
1352:Forum spam
1329:Spamdexing
1202:Flyposting
1161:Image spam
1123:Email spam
956:17 January
677:. Facebook
459:5 November
403:: 115742.
344:References
307:Forum spam
107:email spam
70:social web
66:email spam
1367:Link farm
1337:Blog spam
1256:Anti-spam
1222:Newsgroup
1212:Messaging
1114:Protocols
920:BullGuard
815:1 October
659:1 October
603:. Sec.gov
525:1 October
334:Wiki spam
183:Profanity
139:Pinterest
42:profanity
1460:Spamming
1432:Phishing
1342:Cloaking
1319:Spamhaus
1227:Robocall
1207:Junk fax
1008:5 August
1003:Mashable
982:5 August
926:5 August
901:5 August
879:Archived
861:5 August
838:5 August
793:5 August
767:5 August
736:5 August
706:5 August
681:5 August
633:5 August
607:5 August
585:5 August
551:5 August
546:Mashable
499:5 August
469:cite web
433:5 August
301:See also
282:spambots
198:bullying
177:hashtags
143:LinkedIn
135:Facebook
129:such as
86:Facebook
74:spambots
1314:SpamCop
1232:Spambot
1176:Spambot
1166:Joe job
428:ITworld
297:(PII).
253:spyware
248:malware
244:YouTube
208:Threats
192:Insults
147:MySpace
131:Google+
60:History
46:insults
1043:
372:
261:adware
1437:Voice
1392:Sping
1309:SORBS
1185:Other
1151:DNSWL
1146:DNSBL
730:Yahoo
259:, or
145:, or
113:, to
92:Types
1242:VoIP
1041:ISBN
1010:2016
984:2016
958:2022
928:2016
903:2016
863:2016
840:2016
817:2016
795:2016
769:2016
738:2016
708:2016
683:2016
661:2016
635:2016
609:2016
587:2016
553:2016
527:2016
501:2016
475:link
461:2012
435:2016
370:ISBN
214:ESPN
170:Bulk
103:spam
97:Spam
26:spam
1033:doi
757:AOL
628:CNN
405:doi
401:186
362:doi
64:As
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