Email spam - Knowledge

20: 1237:. This means that, unlike most ISPs, they will not terminate a customer for spamming. These hosting firms operate as clients of larger ISPs, and many have eventually been taken offline by these larger ISPs as a result of complaints regarding spam activity. Thus, while a firm may advertise bulletproof hosting, it is ultimately unable to deliver without the connivance of its upstream ISP. However, some spammers have managed to get what is called a 1073: 1193:

terms in the various iterations of misspelling. Other filters target the actual obfuscation methods, such as the non-standard use of punctuation or numerals into unusual places. Similarly, HTML-based email gives the spammer more tools to obfuscate text. Inserting HTML comments between letters can foil some filters. Another common ploy involves presenting the text as an image, which is either sent along or loaded from a remote server.

563: 983: 1250:, or software designed for spammers. Spamware varies widely, but may include the ability to import thousands of addresses, to generate random addresses, to insert fraudulent headers into messages, to use dozens or hundreds of mail servers simultaneously, and to make use of open relays. The sale of spamware is illegal in eight U.S. states. 2347:(2) STATE LAW NOT SPECIFIC TO ELECTRONIC ~ZL.--This Act shall not be construed to preempt the applicability of(A) State laws that are not specific to electronic mail, including State trespass, contract, or tot~ law; or (B) other State laws to the extent that those laws relate to acts of fraud or computer crime. 641:

was 2600 at the time though software limitations meant only slightly more than half of the intended recipients actually received it. As of August 2010, the number of spam messages sent per day was estimated to be around 200 billion. More than 97% of all emails sent over the Internet in 2008 were

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purportedly containing lists of email addresses, for use in sending spam to these addresses. Such lists are also sold directly online, frequently with the false claim that the owners of the listed addresses have requested (or "opted in") to be included. Such lists often contain invalid addresses. In

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A 2004 survey estimated that lost productivity costs Internet users in the United States $ 21.58 billion annually, while another reported the cost at $ 17 billion, up from $ 11 billion in 2003. In 2004, the worldwide productivity cost of spam has been estimated to be $ 50 billion

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Bulk commercial email does not violate CAN-SPAM, provided that it meets certain criteria, such as a truthful subject line, no forged information in the headers. If it fails to comply with any of these requirements it is illegal. Those opposing spam greeted the new law with dismay and disappointment,

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The principle of this method is to leave the word readable to humans (who can easily recognize the intended word for such misspellings), but not likely to be recognized by a computer program. This is only somewhat effective, because modern filter patterns have been designed to recognize blacklisted

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security report. MAAWG estimates that 85% of incoming mail is "abusive email", as of the second half of 2007. The sample size for the MAAWG's study was over 100 million mailboxes. In 2018 with growing affiliation networks & email frauds worldwide about 90% of global email traffic is spam as per

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member states shall take appropriate measures to ensure that unsolicited communications for the purposes of direct marketing are not allowed either without the consent of the subscribers concerned or in respect of subscribers who do not wish to receive these communications, the choice between these

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If a marketer has one database containing names, addresses, and telephone numbers of customers, they can pay to have their database matched against an external database containing email addresses. The company then has the means to send email to people who have not requested email, which may include

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The total volume of email spam has been consistently growing, but in 2011 the trend seemed to reverse. The amount of spam that users see in their mailboxes is only a portion of total spam sent, since spammers' lists often contain a large percentage of invalid addresses and many spam filters simply

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In practice, it had a little positive impact. In 2004, less than one percent of spam complied with CAN-SPAM, although a 2005 review by the Federal Trade Commission claimed that the amount of sexually explicit spam had significantly decreased since 2003 and the total volume had begun to level off.

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If the sender's address was forged, then the bounce may go to an innocent party. Since these messages were not solicited by the recipients, are substantially similar to each other, and are delivered in bulk quantities, they qualify as unsolicited bulk email or spam. As such, systems that generate

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Often, image spam contains nonsensical, computer-generated text which simply annoys the reader. However, new technology in some programs tries to read the images by attempting to find text in these images. These programs are not very accurate, and sometimes filter out innocent images of products,

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refers to whether the people on a mailing list are given the option to be put in, or taken out, of the list. Confirmation (and "double", in marketing speak) refers to an email address transmitted e.g. through a web form being confirmed to actually request joining a mailing list, instead of being

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has become popular as a spam-filtering technique, spammers have started using methods to weaken it. To a rough approximation, Bayesian filters rely on word probabilities. If a message contains many words that are used only in spam, and few that are never used in spam, it is likely to be spam. To

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Spoofing can have serious consequences for legitimate email users. Not only can their email inboxes get clogged up with "undeliverable" emails in addition to volumes of spam, but they can mistakenly be identified as a spammer. Not only may they receive irate email from spam victims, but (if spam

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report in 2014, there are an average of 54 billion spam messages sent every day. "Pharmaceutical products (Viagra and the like) jumped up 45% from last quarter’s analysis, leading this quarter’s spam pack. Emails purporting to offer jobs with fast, easy cash come in at number two, accounting for

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must be correctly set for the outgoing mail server and large swaths of IP addresses are blocked, sometimes pre-emptively, to prevent spam. These measures can pose problems for those wanting to run a small email server off an inexpensive domestic connection. Blacklisting of IP ranges due to spam

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chains (the 'Received' header), since the receiving mailserver records the actual connection from the last mailserver's IP address. To counter this, some spammers forge additional delivery headers to make it appear as if the email had previously traversed many legitimate servers.

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for gathering valid addresses from an email service provider. Since the goal in such an attack is to use the bounces to separate invalid addresses from the valid ones, spammers may dispense with most elements of the header and the entire message body, and still accomplish their

1273:(DNSBLs), including the MAPS RBL, Spamhaus SBL, SORBS and SPEWS, target the providers of spam-support services as well as spammers. DNSBLs blacklist IPs or ranges of IPs to persuade ISPs to terminate services with known customers who are spammers or resell to spammers. 548:

Brazil produced the most zombies in the first quarter of 2010. Brazil was the source of 20 percent of all zombies, which is down from 14 percent from the fourth quarter of 2009. India had 10 percent, with Vietnam at 8 percent, and the Russian Federation at 7 percent.

1210:. More broadly machine learning can be used to identify and filter spam. There is a game of escalation between spammers and anti-spam identification and filtering systems where spammers adjust to attempt to evade new identification and filtering techniques. 541:). In June 2006, an estimated 80 percent of email spam was sent by zombie PCs, an increase of 30 percent from the prior year. An estimated 55 billion email spam were sent each day in June 2006, an increase of 25 billion per day from June 2005. 887:

Because of the international nature of spam, the spammer, the hijacked spam-sending computer, the spamvertised server, and the user target of the spam are all often located in different countries. As much as 80% of spam received by Internet users in

1165:" in the subject line is spam, and instruct their mail program to automatically delete all such messages. To defeat such filters, the spammer may intentionally misspell commonly filtered words or insert other characters, often in a style similar to 1025:. Each method has strengths and weaknesses and each is controversial because of its weaknesses. For example, one company's offer to " some spamtrap and honeypot addresses" from email lists defeats the ability for those methods to identify spammers. 284:

Some spam may appear to be blank when in fact it is not. An example of this is the VBS.Davinia.B email worm which propagates through messages that have no subject line and appears blank, when in fact it uses HTML code to download other

441:, which was in many cases less restrictive. CAN-SPAM also preempted any further state legislation, but it left related laws not specific to e-mail intact. Courts have ruled that spam can constitute, for example, trespass to chattels. 461:

to send out their messages. Spammers often use false names, addresses, phone numbers, and other contact information to set up "disposable" accounts at various Internet service providers. They also often use falsified or stolen

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is done without the consent (and sometimes against the expressed will) of the address owners. A single spam run may target tens of millions of possible addresses – many of which are invalid, malformed, or undeliverable.

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To combat the problems posed by botnets, open relays, and proxy servers, many email server administrators pre-emptively block dynamic IP ranges and impose stringent requirements on other servers wishing to deliver mail.

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In the United Kingdom, for example, unsolicited emails cannot be sent to an individual subscriber unless prior permission has been obtained or unless there is a pre-existing commercial relationship between the parties.

1222:: business services, other than the actual sending of spam itself, which permit the spammer to continue operating. Spam-support services can include processing orders for goods advertised in spam, hosting Web sites or 254:

Blank spam is spam lacking a payload advertisement. Often the message body is missing altogether, as well as the subject line. Still, it fits the definition of spam because of its nature as bulk and unsolicited email.

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Senders may go to great lengths to conceal the origin of their messages. Large companies may hire another firm to send their messages so that complaints or blocking of email falls on a third party. Others engage in

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For the first quarter of 2010, an estimated 305,000 newly activated zombie PCs were brought online each day for malicious activity. This number is slightly lower than the 312,000 of the fourth quarter of 2009.

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Spammers collect email addresses from chat rooms, websites, customer lists, newsgroups, and viruses that harvest users' address books. These collected email addresses are sometimes also sold to other spammers.

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the date provided is for the original article; the date of revision for the republication is 8 June 2005; verification that content of the republication is the same as the original article is pending

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combines many of the techniques to scan messages exiting out of a service provider's network, identify spam, and taking action such as blocking the message or shutting off the source of the message.

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approximately 15% of all spam email. And, rounding off at number three are spam emails about diet products (such as Garcinia gummi-gutta or Garcinia Cambogia), accounting for approximately 1%."

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Spam promoting a commercial service or product. This is the most common type of spam, but it excludes spams that are hoaxes (e.g. virus warnings), political advocacy, religious messages, and

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reference to naïve developers who believe they have invented the perfect spam filter, which will stop all spam from reaching users' inboxes while deleting no legitimate email accidentally.

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or other may have contributed to this problem—from poorly written spam software to malfunctioning relay servers, or any problems that may truncate header lines from the message body.

2527: 2138: 482:) has no authentication by default, so the spammer can pretend to originate a message apparently from any email address. To prevent this, some ISPs and domains require the use of 223:

image and displayed in the email. This prevents text-based spam filters from detecting and blocking spam messages. Image spam was reportedly used in the mid-2000s to advertise "

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Many spam-filtering techniques work by searching for patterns in the headers or bodies of messages. For instance, a user may decide that all email they receive with the word "

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is ubiquitous, unavoidable, and repetitive. Email spam has steadily grown since the early 1990s, and by 2014 was estimated to account for around 90% of total email traffic.

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recent years, these have fallen almost entirely out of use due to the low quality email addresses available on them, and because some email lists exceed 20GB in size. The

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The legal definition and status of spam varies from one jurisdiction to another, but nowhere have laws and lawsuits been particularly successful in stemming spam.

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Spam is sent by both otherwise reputable organizations and lesser companies. When spam is sent by otherwise reputable companies it is sometimes referred to as

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is a service contract offered by an ISP which offers bulk email service to spamming clients, in violation of that ISP's publicly posted acceptable use policy.

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If a recipient periodically checks his spam folder, that will cost him time and if there is a lot of spam it is easy to overlook the few legitimate messages.

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A number of other online activities and business practices are considered by anti-spam activists to be connected to spamming. These are sometimes termed

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Biggio, Battista; Fumera, Giorgio; Pillai, Ignazio; Roli, Fabio (2011). "A survey and experimental evaluation of image spam filtering techniques".

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A 2010 survey of US and European email users showed that 46% of the respondents had opened spam messages, although only 11% had clicked on a link.

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The first known spam email, advertising a DEC product presentation, was sent in 1978 by Gary Thuerk to 600 addresses, the total number of users on

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numbers to pay for these accounts. This allows them to move quickly from one account to the next as the host ISPs discover and shut down each one.

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In the United States, many states enacted anti-spam laws during the late 1990s and early 2000s. All of these were subsequently superseded by the

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users into entering personal information on fake Web sites using emails forged to look like they are from banks or other organizations, such as

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weaken Bayesian filters, some spammers, alongside the sales pitch, now include lines of irrelevant, random words, in a technique known as

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the link here is to an abstract of a white paper; registration with the authoring organization is required to obtain the full white paper

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In order to send spam, spammers need to obtain the email addresses of the intended recipients. To this end, both spammers themselves and

2879: 2827: 2586:"Spammers Continue Innovation: IronPort Study Shows Image-based Spam, Hit & Run, and Increased Volumes Latest Threat to Your Inbox" 2474: 2638: 354:. A number of large civil settlements have been won in this way, although others have been mostly unsuccessful in collecting damages. 346:

If an individual or organisation can identify harm done to them by spam, and identify who sent it; then they may be able to sue for a

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Finally, in most countries specific legislation is in place to make certain forms of spamming a criminal offence, as outlined below:

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Journal of Machine Learning Research (special issue on Machine Learning in Computer Security), vol. 7, pp. 2699-2720, 12/2006.

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Dow, K; Serenko, A; Turel, O; Wong, J (2006), "Antecedents and consequences of user satisfaction with email systems",

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victims report the email address owner to the ISP, for example) a naïve ISP may terminate their service for spamming.

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Most email spam messages are commercial in nature. Whether commercial or not, many are not only annoying as a form of

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Blank spam may also occur when a spammer forgets or otherwise fails to add the payload when they set up the spam run.

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image that does not contain clear text in its initial frame, or to contort the shapes of letters in the image (as in

2781:. Report No. 7 – Third and Fourth quarters 2007. Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group. April 2008. Archived from 1102: 1028: 588: 3143: 2066: 1550: 2029: 1727: 666:

receives four million emails per year, most of them spam. This was originally incorrectly reported as "per day".

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in 1978 to 600 people. He was reprimanded and told not to do it again. Now the ban on spam is enforced by the

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Many other observers viewed it as having failed, although there have been several high-profile prosecutions.

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ranks the top three as the United States, China, and Russia, followed by Japan, Canada, and South Korea.

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when rejecting or quarantining email (rather than simply rejecting the attempt to send the message).

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gather huge lists of potential email addresses. Since spam is, by definition, unsolicited, this

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When legitimate messages are rejected, the sender needs to contact the recipient out of channel.

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When legitimate messages are relegated to a spam folder, the sender is not notified of this.

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emanating from them also causes problems for legitimate email servers in the same IP range.

215:, or image-based spam, is an obfuscation method by which text of the message is stored as a 4230: 4084: 4054: 4021: 3130: 1938: 1485: 1381: 1361: 1241:(see below) – a contract with the ISP that allows them to spam without being disconnected. 1034: 1018: 977: 647:

IPwarmup.com study, which also effects legitimate email senders to achieve inbox delivery.

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statutes is also common, particularly if they illegally accessed other computers to create

351: 3432:"Machine learning for email spam filtering: review, approaches and open research problems" 2634: 8: 4059: 3901: 2190: 1006: 961: 673:, owner of the domain name acme.com, was receiving over one million spam emails per day. 490: 475: 295: 55: 3829: 3800: 3552: 2401: 1942: 2501: 1223: 1207: 258:

Blank spam may be originated in different ways, either intentional or unintentionally:

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Why Am I Getting All This Spam? Unsolicited Commercial Email Research Six Month Report

3627: 3402:"I-005c: E-Mail Spamming countermeasures: Detection and prevention of E-Mail spamming" 2560:"Los Angeles Man, First American Convicted Under Anti-Spam Law, Faces Years in Prison" 906:, the major sources of spam in the fourth quarter of 2008 (October to December) were: 277:

Often blank spam headers appear truncated, suggesting that computer glitches, such as

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Spammers frequently seek out and make use of vulnerable third-party systems such as

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As of 13 December 2021, the three networks hosting the most spammers are

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sent by a person to many other people. The term UCE may be most common in the USA.

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records referenced in spam messages, or a number of specific services as follows:

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Since the expense of the spam is borne mostly by the recipient, it is effectively

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Measures to protect against spam can cause collateral damage. This includes:

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The United States (the origin of 19.8% of spam messages, up from 18.9% in Q3)

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The measures may consume resources, both in the server and on the network.

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Many spam emails contain URLs to a website or websites. According to a

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Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003

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Email Address Harvesting and the Effectiveness of Anti-SPAM Filters

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Volume 32, Issue 10, 15 July 2011, Pages 1436-1446, ISSN 0167-8655.

1495: 1490: 1416: 1246: 1010: 429:, or 2,000 penalty units for a person other than a body corporate. 366: 170: 151: 143: 88: 51: 3207:"Sophos reveals 'Dirty Dozen' spam producing countries, July 2007" 308:. It happens when email servers are misconfigured to send a bogus 127:(ToS/AUP) of internet service providers (ISPs) and peer pressure. 4079: 3997: 3931: 2294:. Sydney, AU: AustLII, Faculty of Law, University of Technology. 1480: 1475: 1411: 1037:

to prevent "From:" address spoofing became popular in the 2010s.

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Mozilla Thunderbird alerting a user that an email could be spam

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which contains legislation, analysis, and litigation histories

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Rao, Justin M.; Reiley, David H. (2012), "Economics of Spam",

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based on the content of the email, DNS-based blackhole lists (

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Some popular methods for filtering and refusing spam include

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Increasingly, spammers use networks of malware-infected PCs (

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by Center for Democracy & Technology from the author of

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Six years later, Can Spam act leaves spam problem unresolved

2362:"Trespass to Chattels" Finds New Life In Battle Against Spam 2292:"Commonwealth Consolidated Acts: Spam Act 2003 – Schedule 2" 1927:

Battista Biggio, Giorgio Fumera, Ignazio Pillai, Fabio Roli,

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Computer Incident Advisory Capability Information Bulletins

3186:"Sophos research reveals dirty dozen spam-relaying nations" 2880:"Email Metrics Program: The Network Operators' Perspective" 2828:"Email Metrics Program: The Network Operators' Perspective" 2776:"Email Metrics Program: The Network Operators' Perspective" 2423:"United States set to Legalize Spamming on January 1, 2004" 479: 220: 198:

people who have deliberately withheld their email address.

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Shawn Hernan; James R. Cutler; David Harris (1997-11-25).

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Daniel J. Schwartz; Joseph F. Marinelli (September 2004),

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Clinton Internet provider wins $ 11B suit against spammer

1868:"Getting it Wrong: Corporate America Spams the Afterlife" 235: 216: 3702:

Inside the spam cartel: trade secrets from the dark side

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E-mail spam relayed by country in Q2 2007 (% of total)

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Fu, JuiHsi; Lin, PoChing; Lee, SingLing (2014-08-01).

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almost immediately dubbing it the "You Can Spam" Act.

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Final, Ultimate Solution for the Spam Problem (FUSSP)

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email backscatter can end up being listed on various

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When grouped by continents, spam comes mostly from:

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Canada's Anti-spam Bill C-28 is the Law of the Land

2131:"Bronx man, 'leader' of bank-fraud scam, convicted" 518:to ensure that the user is a customer of that ISP. 2317:Hypertouch v. ValueClick, Inc. et al., Cal.App.4th 653: 392:options to be determined by national legislation. 385:Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications 234:A newer technique, however, is to use an animated 2476:Effectiveness and Enforcement of the CAN-SPAM Act 4217: 2715:"Email spam level bounces back after record low" 2339:PUBLIC LAW 108-187--DEC. 16, 2003 117 STAT. 2699 1817:(Press release). Sophos Cyberoam. Archived from 1321:Opt-in, confirmed opt-in, double opt-in, opt-out 1317:Opt-in, confirmed opt-in, double opt-in, opt-out 357:Criminal prosecution of spammers under fraud or 2677: 3795:The Electronic Frontier Foundation's spam page 3474: 2683: 1964: 1782:"Companies that spam, and ESPs that help them" 1156: 83:, but also dangerous because they may contain 3856: 3046: 3016: 2712: 2632: 2588:(Press release). IronPort Systems. 2006-06-28 1196: 1013:, enforcing technical requirements of email ( 3761:Government reports and industry white papers 3339:. dynamic report. The Spamhaus Project Ltd. 2604: 2602: 2186:"Top Spammer Sentenced to Nearly Four Years" 1773: 1619: 1576:Journal of Network and Computer Applications 300:Backscatter is a side-effect of email spam, 3468: 1891:Giorgio Fumera, Ignazio Pillai, Fabio Roli, 1257:are commonly advertised in spam. These are 1101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 628: 16:Unsolicited electronic advertising by email 3863: 3849: 3494: 3325: 2635:"Spam Decreased 82.22% Over The Past Year" 2499: 1958: 1840: 1838: 1314:is advertising through the medium of spam. 896:can be traced to fewer than 200 spammers. 46:, is unsolicited messages sent in bulk by 3452: 2872: 2820: 2768: 2599: 2051:CompuServe Inc. v. Cyber Promotions, Inc. 1676:"Getting Started Computing at the AI Lab" 1659: 1645: 1613: 1133: 1121:Learn how and when to remove this message 607:Learn how and when to remove this message 69:advertising. Thus, it is an example of a 3688:International Journal of e-Collaboration 3304: 2578: 1865: 1804: 1667: 1569: 1537: 1213: 981: 335: 18: 3545: 3283: 3262: 3241: 3220: 3199: 3178: 3157: 3136: 2615:(Press release). Commtouch Software Ltd 2610:"Q1 2010 Internet Threats Trend Report" 2251:Fighting Internet and Wireless Spam Act 2002:from the original on September 23, 2015 1967:"Image spam paints a troubling picture" 1835: 1812:"Q1 2014 Internet Threats Trend Report" 1724:Internet and e-mail policy and practice 1324:added to the list without verification. 971: 533:(such zombifying malware is known as a 411:Fighting Internet and Wireless Spam Act 4261:Promotion and marketing communications 4218: 3462:University of Trento Technical Reports 2744: 2391: 2161:"'Spam King' pleads guilty in Detroit" 1892: 1717: 1229:Some Internet hosting firms advertise 1062: 939:South America (12.9%, down from 13.2%) 452: 111:At the beginning of the Internet (the 3844: 3822:Spam White Paper – Drowning in Sewage 3595: 3040: 3010: 2986: 2394:"The 'Yes, You Can Spam' Act of 2003" 1779: 1748: 1711: 1276: 992:Computer Incident Advisory Capability 474:of email addresses (much easier than 137: 3775:, United States: FTC, archived from 3504:. The Spamhaus Project. 2006-12-22. 3429: 3393: 3019:"Ballmer checks out my spam problem" 2566:from the original on 10 January 2019 2429:from the original on 12 January 2012 2368:, Association of Corporate Counsel, 1899:Journal of Machine Learning Research 1624:. The ClickZ Network. Archived from 1099:adding citations to reliable sources 1066: 1040: 933:North America (23.6%, up from 21.8%) 556: 231:such as a box that has words on it. 91:web sites or sites that are hosting 3699:Sjouwerman, Stu; Posluns, Jeffrey, 3502:"SBL Policy & Listing Criteria" 3314:(Press release). Sophos. 2009-01-22 3293:(Press release). Sophos. 2008-10-27 3272:(Press release). Sophos. 2008-04-14 3251:(Press release). Sophos. 2008-02-11 3230:(Press release). Sophos. 2007-10-24 3209:(Press release). Sophos. 2007-07-18 3188:(Press release). Sophos. 2007-04-11 3167:(Press release). Sophos. 2006-07-24 3146:(Press release). Sophos. 2004-08-24 2980: 1848:(Press release). Sophos. 2008-07-15 1506:SPIT (SPam over Internet Telephony) 944:In terms of number of IP addresses: 501: 289: 262:Blank spam can have been sent in a 13: 4050:Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse 3678: 3453:Blanzieri, Enrico (January 2008). 3097: 3017:Mike Wendland (December 2, 2004). 2989:"Bill Gates 'most spammed person'" 2706: 2689:"Reaction to the DEC Spam of 1978" 2532:, USA: SC Magazine, archived from 2326:(Google Scholar: January 18, 2011) 2055:School of Visual Arts v. Kuprewicz 1870:. Clueless Mailers. Archived from 1792:from the original on April 1, 2019 1761:from the original on April 1, 2019 1730:from the original on April 1, 2019 1288:Unsolicited commercial email (UCE) 457:Spammers may engage in deliberate 369:or other forms of criminal fraud. 181: 14: 4277: 4035:Challenge–response spam filtering 3872:Unsolicited digital communication 3717: 3337:Spamhaus Blocklist (SBL) database 3333:"Spamhaus Statistics: The Top 10" 3120:Register of Known Spam Operations 2713:Josh Halliday (10 January 2011). 2141:from the original on 8 March 2019 1718:Levine, John (October 18, 2011). 1673: 1622:"Make Spammers Pay Before You Do" 685: 634:delete or reject "obvious spam". 395: 375: 342:Email spam legislation by country 117:sent the first email spam message 27:folder filled with spam messages. 3464:(Technical Report # DIT-06-056). 2747:"Spam overwhelms email messages" 2392:Foster, Ed (November 24, 2003). 2336:"SEC. 8. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS", 1648:Journal of Economic Perspectives 1169:, as in the following examples: 1071: 561: 489:Senders cannot completely spoof 432: 3751:Worldwide Email Threat Activity 3663:from the original on 2008-05-15 3645: 3634:from the original on 2012-10-14 3620: 3559:from the original on 2007-01-23 3534:from the original on 2004-10-10 3508:from the original on 2007-01-05 3483:from the original on 2014-08-11 3446: 3423: 3368: 3343:from the original on 2007-01-10 3113: 3091: 3080:from the original on 2007-09-04 3066: 3055:from the original on 2010-09-17 3025:from the original on 2010-09-17 2999:from the original on 2011-05-02 2969:from the original on 2013-03-08 2949: 2938:from the original on 2018-10-21 2757:from the original on 2012-12-02 2738: 2727:from the original on 2015-04-03 2695:from the original on 2013-07-30 2666:from the original on 2012-12-14 2652: 2641:from the original on 2012-12-13 2626: 2552: 2540: 2520: 2510:from the original on 2011-09-11 2493: 2467: 2457:from the original on 2008-03-15 2441: 2415: 2385: 2375:from the original on 2019-02-12 2352: 2329: 2309: 2298:from the original on 2011-05-18 2284: 2274:from the original on 2011-03-24 2258: 2242: 2232:from the original on 2014-01-16 2216: 2205: 2178: 2167:from the original on 2009-06-26 2153: 2123: 2111: 2101:from the original on 2012-08-06 2075:from the original on 2018-06-14 2059: 2043: 2014: 1984: 1973:from the original on 2007-02-24 1909:from the original on 2015-02-21 1859: 1688:from the original on 2019-03-23 1602:from the original on 2020-04-30 1553:from the original on 2014-09-26 936:Europe (23.4%, down from 23.9%) 676: 654:Highest amount of spam received 552: 387:(2002/58/EC) provides that the 3828:, Pegasus Mail, archived from 3430:Dada, Emmanuel Gbenga (2019). 1742: 1699: 1639: 1620:Rebecca Lieb (July 26, 2002). 1563: 1519: 990:The U.S. Department of Energy 1: 3811:Mercury Mail Transport System 3694:, vol. 2, pp. 46–64 3603:"Definitions of Words We Use" 3475:Sapient Fridge (2005-07-08). 2745:Waters, Darren (2009-04-08). 1965:Eric B. Parizo (2006-07-26). 1866:Bob West (January 19, 2008). 1512: 1392:Direct Marketing Associations 930:Asia (37.8%, down from 39.8%) 922:Turkey (4.4%, down from 8.2%) 916:Russia (6.4%, down from 8.3%) 622:Forward-confirmed reverse DNS 249: 244:optical character recognition 201: 3047:Jef Poskanzer (2006-05-15). 2662:(in Dutch). Symantec.cloud. 2633:Charlie White (2011-07-04). 2500:Ken Fisher (December 2005), 2450:Is the CAN-SPAM Law Working? 2071:, QC Times, 4 January 2006, 1951:10.1016/j.patrec.2011.03.022 1527:"Merriam Webster Dictionary" 1282:Unsolicited bulk email (UBE) 416: 186: 7: 1931:Pattern Recognition Letters 1349: 1157:Obfuscating message content 919:Brazil (6.3%, up from 4.5%) 900:In terms of volume of spam: 662:in 2004, Microsoft founder 587:the claims made and adding 529:networks are also known as 106: 95:or include malware as file 10: 4282: 4070:Naive Bayes spam filtering 2987:Staff (18 November 2004). 2503:US FTC says CAN-SPAM works 2482:, USA: FTC, archived from 2094:AOL gives up treasure hunt 1751:"What is Mainsleaze Spam?" 1588:10.1016/j.jnca.2014.03.010 1438:news.admin.net-abuse.email 1407:Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc. 1342: 1338: 1266:is no longer substantial. 1264:amount you can fit on a CD 1197:Defeating Bayesian filters 1137: 975: 913:China (9.9%, up from 5.4%) 339: 326:internet service providers 293: 205: 190: 156:Spam is also a medium for 149: 4171: 4093: 4020: 3950: 3887: 3878: 3518:original location was at 2270:, Circle ID, 2010-12-15, 1992:"Dealing with blank spam" 1454:Pump-and-dump stock fraud 1285:A synonym for email spam. 871: 857: 843: 829: 815: 801: 787: 773: 759: 745: 731: 717: 703: 698: 695: 642:unwanted, according to a 404: 58:in which the name of the 54:). The name comes from a 4045:Disposable email address 3907:Directory harvest attack 1893:Fumera, Giorgio (2006). 1706:Opening Pandora's In-Box 1402:Email address harvesting 1397:Disposable email address 1244:A few companies produce 1140:Email address harvesting 1029:Outbound spam protection 629:Statistics and estimates 264:directory harvest attack 242:) to avoid detection by 60:canned pork product Spam 2562:. AP. 17 January 2007. 478:). The email protocol ( 350:, e.g. on the basis of 324:and be in violation of 3579:Cite journal requires 3477:"Spamware vendor list" 3360:: CS1 maint: others ( 2932:"IPWarmup.com - Study" 2912:Cite journal requires 2860:Cite journal requires 2808:Cite journal requires 1780:Jefferson, Catherine. 1749:Jefferson, Catherine. 1465:SPAMasterpiece Theater 1134:Gathering of addresses 987: 525:) to send their spam. 34:, also referred to as 28: 4236:Advertising by medium 3074:"Spam Costs Billions" 3051:. ACME Laboratories. 2398:The Gripe Line Weblog 1998:. September 2, 2009. 1720:"The Mainsleaze Blog" 1345:History of email spam 1220:spam-support services 1214:Spam-support services 985: 954:In terms of networks: 365:, or the emails were 336:Legal countermeasures 125:Acceptable Use Policy 22: 4251:Marketing techniques 4055:Email authentication 2137:. 26 February 2016. 1674:Stacy, Christopher. 1549:, M3AAWG, Nov 2014, 1546:Email metrics report 1382:CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 1362:Anti-spam techniques 1095:improve this section 1035:Email authentication 1019:proof-of-work system 978:Anti-spam techniques 972:Anti-spam techniques 732:China (+ Hong Kong) 439:CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 352:trespass to chattels 71:negative externality 3902:Bulk email software 3754:, Barracuda Central 2840:on December 8, 2006 2489:on January 10, 2006 2163:. UPI. 2009-06-23. 1969:. Search Security. 1943:2011PaReL..32.1436B 1824:on 24 February 2021 1786:The Mainsleaze Blog 1755:The Mainsleaze Blog 1661:10.1257/jep.26.3.87 1235:bulletproof hosting 1063:Methods of spammers 692: 476:IP address spoofing 453:Deception and fraud 296:Backscatter (email) 168:. This is known as 56:Monty Python sketch 4256:Online advertising 3125:2007-06-12 at the 2691:. Brad Templeton. 2322:2017-04-15 at the 1277:Related vocabulary 1208:Bayesian poisoning 1203:Bayesian filtering 1150:address harvesting 988: 690: 572:possibly contains 380:Article 13 of the 138:Spamvertised sites 29: 4246:Digital marketing 4213: 4212: 4040:Context filtering 4016: 4015: 3711:978-1-932266-86-3 2097:, Boston Herald, 1937:(10): 1436–1446. 1905:(98): 2699–2720. 1874:on April 14, 2013 1449:Project Honey Pot 1131: 1130: 1123: 1041:Collateral damage 885: 884: 669:At the same time 617: 616: 609: 574:original research 268:dictionary attack 4273: 4181:Advance-fee scam 4128:Keyword stuffing 3885: 3884: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3834: 3827: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3781: 3774: 3755: 3737: 3695: 3693: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3639: 3630:. Rhyolite.com. 3624: 3618: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3599: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3549: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3522: 3516: 3514: 3513: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3459: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3378:. Archived from 3372: 3366: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3298: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3140: 3134: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3049:"Mail Filtering" 3044: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3004: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2968: 2961: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2891: 2884: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2811: 2806: 2804: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2787: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2732: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2700: 2687:(8 March 2005). 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2637:. Mashable.com. 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2614: 2606: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2524: 2518: 2517: 2516: 2515: 2506:, Ars Technica, 2497: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2481: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2425:. Spamhaus.org. 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2409: 2400:. Archived from 2389: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2333: 2327: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2220: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2172: 2157: 2151: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2063: 2057: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2028:. Archived from 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1962: 1956: 1954: 1925: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1879: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1842: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1823: 1816: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1687: 1680: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1523: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1126: 1119: 1115: 1112: 1106: 1075: 1067: 948:Spamhaus Project 880: 879: 866: 865: 852: 851: 838: 837: 824: 823: 810: 809: 796: 795: 782: 781: 768: 767: 754: 753: 740: 739: 726: 725: 712: 711: 693: 689: 612: 605: 601: 598: 592: 589:inline citations 565: 564: 557: 508:open mail relays 502:Theft of service 330:Terms of Service 290:Backscatter spam 121:Terms of Service 4281: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4193:Make Money Fast 4167: 4163:URL redirection 4089: 4012: 3946: 3897:Address munging 3874: 3869: 3832: 3825: 3819: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3766: 3748: 3736:, June 15, 2009 3728: 3720: 3691: 3681: 3679:Further reading 3676: 3675: 3666: 3664: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3637: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3621: 3612: 3610: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3580: 3578: 3569: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3519: 3511: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3484: 3479:. Spam Sights. 3473: 3469: 3457: 3451: 3447: 3428: 3424: 3415: 3413: 3398: 3394: 3385: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3353: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3317: 3315: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3263: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3231: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3212: 3210: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3191: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3170: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3127:Wayback Machine 3118: 3114: 3105: 3103: 3102:(Press release) 3096: 3092: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3058: 3056: 3045: 3041: 3028: 3026: 3015: 3011: 3002: 3000: 2985: 2981: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2941: 2939: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2861: 2859: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2809: 2807: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2760: 2758: 2743: 2739: 2730: 2728: 2711: 2707: 2698: 2696: 2682: 2678: 2669: 2667: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2644: 2642: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2553: 2548:Oleg Nikolaenko 2545: 2541: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2511: 2498: 2494: 2486: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2458: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2421: 2420: 2416: 2407: 2405: 2390: 2386: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2365: 2357: 2353: 2342: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2324:Wayback Machine 2315:But see, e.g., 2314: 2310: 2301: 2299: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2277: 2275: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2233: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2206: 2197: 2195: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2170: 2168: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2119:Sanford Wallace 2116: 2112: 2104: 2102: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2076: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2048: 2044: 2035: 2033: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1976: 1974: 1963: 1959: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1890: 1886: 1877: 1875: 1864: 1860: 1851: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1836: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1716: 1712: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1672: 1668: 1644: 1640: 1631: 1629: 1618: 1614: 1605: 1603: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1554: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1531:Merriam-Webster 1525: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1427:Make money fast 1357:Address munging 1352: 1347: 1341: 1279: 1216: 1199: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1159: 1142: 1136: 1127: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1092: 1076: 1065: 1043: 999:email filtering 980: 974: 881: 877: 876: 867: 863: 862: 853: 849: 848: 844:United Kingdom 839: 835: 834: 825: 821: 820: 811: 807: 806: 797: 793: 792: 783: 779: 778: 769: 765: 764: 755: 751: 750: 741: 737: 736: 727: 723: 722: 713: 709: 708: 688: 679: 656: 631: 613: 602: 596: 593: 578: 566: 562: 555: 504: 455: 435: 419: 407: 398: 378: 344: 338: 314:envelope sender 298: 292: 252: 210: 204: 195: 193:Email appending 189: 184: 182:Spam techniques 154: 140: 109: 81:attention theft 17: 12: 11: 5: 4279: 4269: 4268: 4266:Internet fraud 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4195: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4177: 4175: 4173:Internet fraud 4169: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4123:Google bombing 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4065:List poisoning 4062: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3922:Email spoofing 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3868: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3817: 3798: 3792: 3758: 3757: 3740: 3739: 3719: 3718:External links 3716: 3715: 3714: 3697: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3644: 3619: 3594: 3581:|journal= 3544: 3493: 3467: 3445: 3422: 3392: 3367: 3324: 3303: 3282: 3261: 3240: 3219: 3198: 3177: 3156: 3135: 3112: 3090: 3065: 3039: 3009: 2979: 2948: 2923: 2914:|journal= 2871: 2862:|journal= 2819: 2810:|journal= 2767: 2737: 2720:guardian.co.uk 2705: 2685:Brad Templeton 2676: 2651: 2625: 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