1989:#0 | 000h Initialize root table of 9-bit codes palette | : colors | : #255 | 0FFh clr | 100h end | 101h | 100h Clear Pixel Local | color Palette string | BLACK #40 28 | 028h 1st pixel always to output WHITE #255 FF | String found in table 28 FF | 102h Always add 1st string to table FF | Initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String not found in table | 0FFh - output code for previous string FF FF | 103h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table BLACK #40 FF FF 28 | String not found in table | 103h - output code for previous string FF FF 28 | 104h - add latest string to table 28 | - initialize local string WHITE #255 28 FF | String found in table WHITE #255 28 FF FF | String not found in table | 102h - output code for previous string 28 FF FF | 105h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF | String not found in table | 103h - output code for previous string FF FF FF | 106h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF FF | String not found in table | 106h - output code for previous string FF FF FF FF| 107h - add latest string to table FF | - initialize local string WHITE #255 FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF | String found in table WHITE #255 FF FF FF FF | String found in table No more pixels 107h - output code for last string 101h End
1066:, have been developed to approximate a wider range of colors with a small color palette by using pixels of two or more colors to approximate in-between colors. These techniques sacrifice spatial resolution to approximate deeper color resolution. While not part of the GIF specification, dithering can be used in images subsequently encoded as GIF images. This is often not an ideal solution for GIF images, both because the loss of spatial resolution typically makes an image look fuzzy on the screen, and because the dithering patterns often interfere with the compressibility of the image data, working against GIF's main purpose.
646:
606:
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557:
2634:. Each frame in an animation GIF is introduced by its own GCE specifying the time delay to wait after the frame is drawn. Global information at the start of the file applies by default to all frames. The data is stream-oriented, so the file offset of the start of each GCE depends on the length of preceding data. Within each frame the LZW-coded image data is arranged in sub-blocks of up to 255 bytes; the size of each sub-block is declared by the byte that precedes it.
3443:
who had used licensed software to generate GIFs. Nevertheless, Unisys was subjected to thousands of online attacks and abusive emails from users believing that they were going to be charged $ 5000 or sued for using GIFs on their websites. Despite giving free licenses to hundreds of non-profit organizations, schools and governments, Unisys was completely unable to generate any good publicity and continued to be condemned by individuals and organizations such as the
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36:
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3422:
subsequent agreement was announced on 24 December 1994. Unisys stated that they expected all major commercial on-line information services companies employing the LZW patent to license the technology from Unisys at a reasonable rate, but that they would not require licensing, or fees to be paid, for non-commercial, non-profit GIF-based applications, including those for use on the on-line services.
3429:(see below) was developed in 1995 as an intended replacement. However, obtaining support from the makers of Web browsers and other software for the PNG format proved difficult and it was not possible to replace GIF, although PNG has gradually increased in popularity. Therefore, GIF variations without LZW compression were developed. For instance the libungif library, based on
2056:- output string from table 102h | 28 FF - add to table 103h 0FFh | Incoming code not found in table 103h | FF FF - add to table | - output string from table | #255
2121:
need not match the palette size: as long as the values decoded are always less than the number of colors in the palette, the symbols can be any width from 2 to 8, and the palette size any power of 2 from 2 to 256. For example, if only the first four colors (values 0 to 3) of the palette are used, the symbols can be taken to be 2 bits wide with codes starting at 3 bits.
5292:
1109:
tiling or by layering partially transparent image blocks), the complete, full-color image appears. For example, breaking an image into tiles of 16 by 16 pixels (256 pixels in total) ensures that no tile has more than the local palette limit of 256 colors, although larger tiles may be used and similar colors merged resulting in some loss of color information.
1316:
5251:
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1978:
long as the local string can be found in a code table. There is special treatment of the first two pixels that arrive before the table grows from its initial size by additions of strings. After each output code, the local string is initialized to the latest pixel color (that could not be included in the output code).
3467:(PNG) was designed as a replacement for GIF in order to avoid infringement of Unisys' patent on the LZW compression technique. PNG offers better compression and more features than GIF, animation being the only significant exception. PNG is more suitable than GIF in instances where true-color imaging and
3300:
The size and color quality of animated GIF files can vary significantly depending on the application used to create them. Strategies for minimizing file size include using a common global color table for all frames (rather than a complete local color table for each frame) and minimizing the number of
2601:
The pixels within each line are not interlaced, but presented consecutively from left to right. As with non-interlaced images, there is no break between the data for one line and the data for the next. The indicator that an image is interlaced is a bit set in the corresponding Image
Descriptor block.
2136:
and codes for strings that are added during the process. When the table is full the code length increases to give space for more strings, up to a maximum code 4095 = FFF(hex). As the decoder builds its table it tracks these increases in code length and it is able to unpack incoming bytes accordingly.
2082:
105h | 28 FF FF - add to table 106h 103h | Incoming code not found in table 106h | FF FF FF - add to table | - output string from table
995:
An image starts with a fixed-length Image
Descriptor, which may specify the presence and size of a Local Color Table (which follows next if present). The image data follows: one byte giving the bit width of the unencoded symbols (which must be at least 2 bits wide, even for bi-color images), followed
3541:
in 2006. APNG is an extension to the PNG format as alternative to the MNG format. APNG is supported by most browsers as of 2019. APNG provides the ability to animate PNG files, while retaining backwards compatibility in decoders that cannot understand the animation chunk (unlike MNG). Older decoders
2210:
codes available to the decoder that won't trigger an increase in code width. Because the decoder is always one step behind in maintaining the table, it does not generate a table entry upon receiving the first code from the encoder, but will generate one for each succeeding code. Thus the encoder can
2047:
100h 000h | #0 Initialize root table of 9-bit codes : | palette : | colors 0FFh | #255 100h | clr 101h | end 028h |
999:
Extension blocks (blocks that "extend" the 87a definition via a mechanism already defined in the 87a spec) consist of the sentinel, an additional byte specifying the type of extension, and a series of sub-blocks with the extension data. Extension blocks that modify an image (like the
Graphic Control
965:
GIF files start with a fixed-length header ("GIF87a" or "GIF89a") giving the version, followed by a fixed-length
Logical Screen Descriptor giving the pixel dimensions and other characteristics of the logical screen. The screen descriptor may also specify the presence and size of a Global Color Table
2641:
in the 1990s used the
Application Extension block (intended to allow vendors to add application-specific information to the GIF file) to implement the Netscape Application Block (NAB). This block, placed immediately before the sequence of animation frames, specifies the number of times the sequence
2171:
The modified encoding method ignores building the LZW table and emits only the root palette codes and the codes for CLEAR and STOP. This yields a simpler encoding (a 1-to-1 correspondence between code values and palette codes) but sacrifices all of the compression: each pixel in the image generates
2124:
Conversely, the symbol width could be set at 8, even if only values 0 and 1 are used; these data would only require a two-color table. Although there would be no point in encoding the file that way, something similar typically happens for bi-color images: the minimum symbol width is 2, even if only
2120:
Shorter code lengths can be used for palettes smaller than the 256 colors in the example. If the palette is only 64 colors (so color indexes are 6 bits wide), the symbols can range from 0 to 63, and the symbol width can be taken to be 6 bits, with codes starting at 7 bits. In fact, the symbol width
1992:
For clarity the table is shown above as being built of strings of increasing length. That scheme can function but the table consumes an unpredictable amount of memory. Memory can be saved in practice by noting that each new string to be stored consists of a previously stored string augmented by one
1054:
that can hold up to 256 entries, and the data for the image refer to the colors by their indices (0–255) in the palette table. The color definitions in the palette can be drawn from a color space of millions of shades (2 shades, 8 bits for each primary), but the maximum number of colors a frame can
3442:
In August 1999, Unisys changed the details of their licensing practice, announcing the option for owners of certain non-commercial and private websites to obtain licenses on payment of a one-time license fee of $ 5000 or $ 7500. Such licenses were not required for website owners or other GIF users
1996:
The LZW algorithm requires a search of the table for each pixel. A linear search through up to 4096 addresses would make the coding slow. In practice the codes can be stored in order of numerical value; this allows each search to be done by a SAR (Successive
Approximation Register, as used in some
1977:
A slight compression is evident: pixel colors defined initially by 15 bytes are exactly represented by 12 code bytes including control codes. The encoding process that produces the 9-bit codes is shown below. A local string accumulates pixel color numbers from the palette, with no output action as
1705:
to codes that are then mapped into bytes for storing in the file. The pixel codes typically don't match the 8-bit size of the bytes, so the codes are packed into bytes by a "little-Endian" scheme: the least significant bit of the first code is stored in the least significant bit of the first byte,
961:
Conceptually, a GIF file describes a fixed-sized graphical area (the "logical screen") populated with zero or more "images". Many GIF files have a single image that fills the entire logical screen. Others divide the logical screen into separate sub-images. The images may also function as animation
1709:
This byte stream is stored in the file as a series of "sub-blocks". Each sub-block has a maximum length 255 bytes and is prefixed with a byte indicating the number of data bytes in the sub-block. The series of sub-blocks is terminated by an empty sub-block (a single 0 byte, indicating a sub-block
1112:
Since each image block can have its own local color table, a GIF file having many image blocks can be very large, limiting the usefulness of full-color GIFs. Additionally, not all GIF rendering programs handle tiled or layered images correctly. Many rendering programs interpret tiles or layers as
1108:
To render a full-color image as a GIF, the original image must be broken down into smaller regions having no more than 255 or 256 different colors. Each of these regions is then stored as a separate image block with its own local palette and when the image blocks are displayed together (either by
1096:
images, it is possible to do so. A GIF image can include multiple image blocks, each of which can have its own 256-color palette, and the blocks can be tiled to create a complete image. Alternatively, the GIF89a specification introduced the idea of a "transparent" color where each image block can
3450:
The United States LZW patent expired on 20 June 2003. The counterpart patents in the United
Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy expired on 18 June 2004, the Japanese patents expired on 20 June 2004, and the Canadian patent expired on 7 July 2004. Consequently, while Unisys has further patents and
3421:
to choose it as the compression technique for their version of GIF, developed in 1987. At the time, CompuServe was not aware of the patent. Unisys became aware that the version of GIF used the LZW compression technique and entered into licensing negotiations with CompuServe in
January 1993. The
3493:
For identical 8-bit (or lower) image data, PNG files are typically smaller than the equivalent GIFs, due to the more efficient compression techniques used in PNG encoding. Complete support for GIF is complicated chiefly by the complex canvas structure it allows, though this is what enables the
3296:
The animation delay for each frame is specified in the GCE in hundredths of a second. Some economy of data is possible where a frame need only rewrite a portion of the pixels of the display, because the Image
Descriptor can define a smaller rectangle to be rescanned instead of the whole image.
2167:
The GIF encoding process can be modified to create a file without LZW compression that is still viewable as a GIF image. This technique was introduced originally as a way to avoid patent infringement. Uncompressed GIF can also be a useful intermediate format for a graphics programmer because
2580:
The GIF Specification allows each image within the logical screen of a GIF file to specify that it is interlaced; i.e., that the order of the raster lines in its data block is not sequential. This allows a partial display of the image that can be recognized before the full image is painted.
3316:
can be stored in GIF files as a comment block, a plain text block, or an application-specific application extension block. Several graphics editors use unofficial application extension blocks to include the data used to generate the image, so that it can be recovered for further editing.
1132:
Although the
Graphic Control Extension block declares color index 16 (hexadecimal 10) to be transparent, that index is not used in the image. The only color indexes appearing in the image data are decimal 40 and 255, which the Global Color Table maps to black and white, respectively.
2095:
107h 106h | Incoming code not found in table 107h | FF FF FF FF - add to table | - output string from table | #255
3331:
without NUL characters, there are no 0 bytes in the data. Rather than break the data into formal sub-blocks, the extension block terminates with a "magic trailer" that routes any application treating the data as sub-blocks to a final 0 byte that terminates the sub-block chain.
2172:
an output code indicating its color index. When processing an uncompressed GIF, a standard GIF decoder will not be prevented from writing strings to its dictionary table, but the code width must never increase since that triggers a different packing of bits to bytes.
2563:
The code values shown are packed into bytes which are then packed into blocks of up to 255 bytes. A block of image data begins with a byte that declares the number of bytes to follow. The last block of data for an image is marked by a zero block-length byte.
935:
GIFs are suitable for sharp-edged line art with a limited number of colors, such as logos. This takes advantage of the format's lossless compression, which favors flat areas of uniform color with well defined edges. They can also be used to store low-color
2073:
104h | FF FF 28 - add to table 103h 102h | Incoming code found in table | - output string from table | #255
1055:
use is 256. This limitation was reasonable when GIF was developed because hardware that could display more than 256 colors simultaneously was rare. Simple graphics, line drawings, cartoons, and grey-scale photographs typically need fewer than 256 colors.
1006:
This structure allows the file to be parsed even if not all parts are understood. A GIF marked 87a may contain extension blocks; the intent is that a decoder can read and display the file without the features covered in extensions it does not understand.
2219:
codes or less to make the decoder reset the coding dictionary. The GIF standard allows such extra CLEAR codes to be inserted in the image data at any time. The composite data stream is partitioned into sub-blocks that each carry from 1 to 255 bytes.
3301:
pixels covered in successive frames (so that only the pixels that change from one frame to the next are included in the latter frame). More advanced techniques involve modifying color sequences to better match the existing LZW dictionary, a form of
2001:), with only 12 magnitude comparisons. For this efficiency an extra table is needed to convert between codes and actual memory addresses; the extra table upkeeping is needed only when a new code is stored which happens at much less than pixel rate.
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1058:
Each frame can designate one index as a "transparent background color": any pixel assigned this index takes on the color of the pixel in the same position from the background, which may have been determined by a previous frame of animation.
498:
feature, which stores image scan lines out of order in such a fashion that even a partially downloaded image was somewhat recognizable, also helped GIF's popularity, as a user could abort the download if it was not what was required.
940:
data for games. GIFs can be used for small animations and low-resolution video clips, or as reactions in online messaging used to convey emotion and feelings instead of using words. They are popular on social media platforms such as
1097:
include its own palette of 255 visible colors plus one transparent color. A complete image can be created by layering image blocks with the visible portion of each layer showing through the transparent portions of the layers above.
3670:
Compared to the GIF format, which lacks DCT compression, HEIF allows significantly more efficient compression. HEIF stores more information and produces higher-quality animated images at a small fraction of an equivalent GIF's
3413:
magazine which publicly described the LZW technique for the first time. LZW became a popular data compression technique and, when the patent was granted, Unisys entered into licensing agreements with over a hundred companies.
1706:
higher order bits of the code into higher order bits of the byte, spilling over into the low order bits of the next byte as necessary. Each subsequent code is stored starting at the least significant bit not already used.
2009:
Decoding begins by mapping the stored bytes back to 9-bit codes. These are decoded to recover the pixel colors as shown below. A table identical to the one used in the encoder is built by adding strings by this rule:
1129:
Paint does not make optimal use of GIF; due to the unnecessarily large color table (storing a full 256 colors instead of the used 2) and symbol width, this GIF file is not an efficient representation of the 15-pixel
647:
607:
340:
because of its wide implementation and portability between applications and operating systems, usage of the format has declined for space and quality reasons, often being replaced with video formats such as the
3552:
There have been several subsequent proposals for a simple animated graphics format based on PNG using several different approaches. Nevertheless, APNG is still under development by Mozilla and is supported in
2064:
102h 103h | Incoming code found in table | - output string from table | #40
4643:
5120:
2150:
1076:
A small color table may suffice for small images, and keeping the color table small allows the file to be downloaded faster. Both the 87a and 89a specifications allow color tables of 2 colors for any
5023:
1073:. This ensured predictable display, but severely limited the choice of colors. When 24-bit color became the norm, palettes could instead be populated with the optimum colors for individual images.
4318:
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3305:. Simply packing a series of independent frame images into a composite animation tends to yield large file sizes. Tools are available to minimize the file size given an existing GIF.
3327:(XMP) metadata standard introduced an unofficial but now widespread "XMP Data" application extension block for including XMP data in GIF files. Since the XMP data is encoded using
1003:
Each sub-block begins with a byte giving the number of subsequent data bytes in the sub-block (1 to 255). The series of sub-blocks is terminated by an empty sub-block (a 0 byte).
5001:
3320:
All of these methods technically require the metadata to be broken into sub-blocks so that applications can navigate the metadata block without knowing its internal structure.
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2642:
of frames should be played (1 to 65535 times) or that it should repeat continuously (zero indicates loop forever). Support for these repeating animations first appeared in
1069:
In the early days of graphical web browsers, graphics cards with 8-bit buffers (allowing only 256 colors) were common and it was fairly common to make GIF images using the
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individual pixels are accessible for reading or painting. An uncompressed GIF file can be converted to an ordinary GIF file simply by passing it through an image editor.
5461:
1000:
Extension that specifies the optional animation delay time and optional transparent background color) must immediately precede the segment with the image they refer to.
4174:
6148:
3529:("Multiple-image Network Graphics") was originally developed as a PNG-based solution for animations. MNG reached version 1.0 in 2001, but few applications support it.
1113:
animation frames and display them in sequence as an animation with most web browsers automatically displaying the frames with a delay time of 0.1 seconds or more.
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4077:
318:, and allows a separate palette of up to 256 colors for each frame. These palette limitations make GIF less suitable for reproducing color photographs and other
3959:
4633:
711:, and CompuServe employees would often quip "choosy developers choose GIF", a spoof of Jif's television commercials. However, the word is widely pronounced as
565:
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animations, the GIF89a spec added the Graphic Control Extension (GCE), which allows the images (frames) in the file to be painted with time delays, forming a
407:
allowing text labels as text (not embedding them in the graphical data). As there is little control over display fonts, however, this feature is rarely used.
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3433:'s giflib, allows creation of GIFs that followed the data format but avoided the compression features, thus avoiding use of the Unisys LZW patent. A 2001
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version 2.0, and then spread to other browsers. Most browsers now recognize and support NAB, though it is not strictly part of the GIF89a specification.
2622:
Although GIF was not designed as an animation medium, its ability to store multiple images in one file naturally suggested using the format to store the
3425:
Following this announcement, there was widespread condemnation of CompuServe and Unisys, and many software developers threatened to stop using GIF. The
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4378:
4300:
3557:
while MNG support was dropped. APNG is currently supported by all major web browsers including Chrome (since version 59.0), Opera, Firefox and Edge.
1080:
from 1 through 8. Most graphics applications will read and display GIF images with any of these table sizes; but some do not support all sizes when
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Decode 1st pixel 0FFh 028h | Incoming code found in table | #255
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By default, an animation displays the sequence of frames only once, stopping when the last frame is displayed. To enable an animation to loop,
426:
CompuServe encouraged the adoption of GIF by providing downloadable conversion utilities for many computers. By December 1987, for example, an
5955:
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6902:
3363:
Welch filed a patent application for the LZW method in June 1983. The resulting patent, US4558302, granted in December 1985, was assigned to
2584:
An interlaced image is divided from top to bottom into strips 8 pixels high, and the rows of the image are presented in the following order:
2194:
codes that will be used by the decoder for sequences of length greater than one. Of that upper block, the first two codes are already taken:
6028:
3451:
patent applications relating to improvements to the LZW technique, LZW itself (and consequently GIF) have been free to use since July 2004.
881:
The disagreement over the pronunciation has led to heated Internet debate. On the occasion of receiving a lifetime achievement award at the
3600:
2223:
For the sample 3×5 image above, the following 9-bit codes represent "clear" (100) followed by image pixels in scan order and "stop" (101).
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correction of PNG images was not supported before version 8, and the display of these images in earlier versions may have the wrong tint.
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In addition to the above patents, Welch's 1983 patent also includes citations to several other patents that influenced it, including:
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The code table initially contains codes that are one bit longer than the symbol size in order to accommodate the two special codes
487:
The feature of storing multiple images in one file, accompanied by control data, is used extensively on the Web to produce simple
8739:
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5290:, Eckhart, Heinz Karl, "Verfahren zur Kompression redundanter Folgen serieller Datenelemente ", published 1982-12-02
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introduced GIF on 15 June 1987 to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas. This replaced their earlier
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The trivial example of a large image of solid color demonstrates the variable-length LZW compression used in GIF files.
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codes without triggering an increase in code width. Therefore, the encoder must emit extra CLEAR codes at intervals of
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Bakhshi, Saeideh; Shamma, David A.; Kennedy, Lyndon; Song, Yale; de Juan, Paloma; Kaye, Joseph "Jofish" (7 May 2016).
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8 bits/primary, the lowest 3 bits represent the bit depth minus 1, the highest true bit means that the GCT is present
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published a pair of papers on a new class of lossless data-compression algorithms, now collectively referred to as
345:. These replacements, in turn, are sometimes termed "GIFs" despite having no relation to the original file format.
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The maximum code may repeat for more same-color pixels.Overall data compression asymptotically approaches 3839 ×
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files were used on some websites to display simple video, but required the use of an additional browser plugin.
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Videos resolve many issues that GIFs present through common usage on the web. They include drastically smaller
3444:
2206:, because when the decoder fills that slot, it will increase the code width. Thus in the upper block there are
822:
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in the example define a palette of 256 colors. The indexes used in the sample image for black and white are 28
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4881:"Instagrammatics and digital methods: studying visual social media, from selfies and GIFs to memes and emoji"
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438:. GIF was one of the first two image formats commonly used on Web sites, the other being the black-and-white
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character. It is economical to store at each address only two words: an existing address and one character.
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Thereafter, the file is divided into segments of the following types, each introduced by a 1-byte sentinel:
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standard caused GIF to rise to prominence for the purpose of displaying short video-like files on the web.
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1998:
542:, saying that GIFs have evolved into "a tool with serious applications including research and journalism".
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functions. This gives the appearance of a GIF, but with the size and speed advantages of compressed video.
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as well, meaning "to create a GIF file", as in "GIFing was the perfect medium for sharing scenes from the
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5246:, Kanatsu, Jiyun, "Data compression storage device", published 1982-02-02, assigned to
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After the above codes are mapped to bytes, the uncompressed file differs from the compressed file thus:
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The original version of GIF was called 87a. This version already supported multiple images in a stream.
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4461:"gif noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary"
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484:(PNG) standard. In 2004, all patents relating to the proprietary compression used for GIF expired.
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326:
3297:
Browsers or other displays that do not support animated GIFs typically show only the first frame.
8555:
8522:
8438:
8376:
8345:
7905:
7665:
6769:
6531:
6409:
6329:
6020:
4301:"Obama, SCUBA or gift?: Authority and argumentation in online discussion on the pronunciation of
3375:. Further patents were obtained in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Canada.
1104:
An animated GIF illustrating a technique for displaying more than the typical limit of 256 colors
523:
93:
7154:
1713:
For the sample image above the reversible mapping between 9-bit codes and bytes is shown below.
703:, with Wilhite stating that he intended for the pronunciation to deliberately echo the American
8653:
8386:
8233:
7860:
7097:
7038:
7026:
6880:
6731:
6578:
6501:
6083:
5877:"Chromium Blog: Chrome 32 Beta: Animated WebP images and faster Chrome for Android touch input"
5716:
5602:
3837:
3649:("High Efficiency Image File Format") is an image file format, finalized in 2015, which uses a
398:
4036:
3439:
article described a way to achieve LZW-compatible encoding without infringing on its patents.
8754:
8616:
8460:
8250:
7469:
7447:
7425:
7087:
6588:
6439:
6304:
6231:
5405:
4998:"Nullsleep - Jeremiah Johnson - Animated GIF Minimum Frame Delay Browser Compatibility Study"
3616:) tag in most web browsers, some websites use a looped version of the video tag generated by
3554:
3435:
3368:
1093:
495:
5268:, Kanatsu, Jiyun, "Data storage device", published 1986-20-24, assigned to
1034:
method; as a consequence of the relatively few colors allowed in such an image, the image's
907:, the owners of the Jif brand, partnered with the animated image database and search engine
506:
added support for GIF. In January 2018 Instagram also added GIF stickers to the story mode.
8589:
8276:
7437:
7368:
7236:
6864:
4438:
654:
551:
180:
20:
2202:
for STOP. The decoder must also be prevented from using the last code in the upper block,
8:
8749:
8577:
8245:
8037:
7943:
7890:
7602:
7397:
7373:
7321:
7077:
6980:
6927:
6056:
3831:
3739:
2149:
1494:
Transparent background color; this is a bit field, the lowest bit signifies transparency
1051:
962:
frames in an animated GIF file, but again these need not fill the entire logical screen.
708:
363:
304:
45:
4259:
322:
but well-suited for simpler images such as graphics or logos with solid areas of color.
8668:
8183:
8168:
7708:
7680:
7363:
7326:
6551:
6404:
6394:
6374:
6349:
5994:
5903:
4910:
4854:
3684:
3468:
3364:
2643:
2615:
522:
is found in the newer editions of many dictionaries. In 2012, the American wing of the
488:
285:
53:
8626:
7527:
5824:
5576:
103:
8594:
8545:
7997:
7840:
7430:
7281:
6955:
6696:
6681:
6625:
6605:
6566:
6541:
6449:
6414:
6359:
6344:
6289:
6273:
6113:
5928:
5850:
5093:
4914:
4844:
4792:
4750:
4638:
4539:
4529:
4015:
3990:
3731:
video and giving the link to the HTML player the appearance of an actual file with a
3680:
3654:
3479:
3302:
1665:
Ending data sub-block, specifying no following data bytes (and the end of the image)
1127:
saves a small black-and-white image as the following GIF file (illustrated enlarged).
1035:
882:
732:
3757:
8643:
8540:
8532:
8418:
8371:
8299:
8266:
7479:
7145:
6997:
6965:
6914:
6736:
6658:
6645:
6511:
5990:
4900:
4892:
4858:
4836:
4742:
4041:
3777:
3487:
1046:
GIF is palette-based: the colors used in an image (a frame) in the file have their
849:
829:
791:
753:
714:
679:
627:
587:
539:
370:
250:
223:
6208:
5024:"They're different! How to match the animation rate of gif files accross [
4896:
4746:
2610:
915:
as #JIFvsGIF) jar of peanut butter that had a label humorously declaring the soft-
556:
391:
In 1989, CompuServe released an enhanced version, called 89a, This version added:
191:
8621:
8413:
7522:
7499:
6668:
6314:
6281:
5506:
5465:
4228:
3903:
3843:
3763:
3691:
3547:
The PNG group officially rejected APNG as an official extension on 20 April 2007.
3430:
2890:
1637:
Beginning of first data sub-block, specifying 11 bytes of encoded data to follow
1124:
1070:
1023:
584:
has been disputed since the 1990s. The most common pronunciations in English are
535:
342:
311:
282:
177:
7983:
4880:
4400:
3868:
8703:
8550:
8391:
8260:
7353:
6741:
6583:
5089:
3345:
746:
337:
319:
5772:
5306:
4945:
4905:
3398:
3390:
8733:
8599:
8406:
7900:
7698:
7464:
7348:
6992:
6837:
6706:
6546:
5851:"18574 – (mng) restore support for MNG animation format and JNG image format"
5159:
5062:
4543:
4340:
4309:
3723:
videos that are under 3 MB in size and 2 min in length, and in October 2014,
3688:
3483:
3349:
2022:
add string for local code followed by first byte of string for incoming code
704:
293:
7963:
4840:
4833:
Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
3746:
videos that "require up to 95% less disk space for the same image quality."
2831:
Size of block including application name and verification bytes (always 11)
381:, fairly large images could be downloaded reasonably quickly even with slow
8423:
8188:
7978:
7973:
7830:
7805:
7301:
6556:
6170:
5352:"Unisys Clarifies Policy Regarding Patent Use in On-Line Service Offerings"
5225:
4169:
3938:
3821:
1701:
The image pixel data, scanned horizontally from top left, are converted by
1145:
Sample image (enlarged), actual size 3 pixels wide by 5 high
1039:
1018:
435:
366:
format, which was black and white only. GIF became popular because it used
308:
5550:
5528:
4828:
4523:
3482:
do not support all features of PNG. Versions 6 and earlier do not support
8487:
8428:
8366:
7968:
7731:
7726:
7311:
7231:
6960:
6691:
6571:
5720:
5221:
3811:
3790:
3563:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3475:
3353:
894:
314:. It can also represent multiple images in a file, which can be used for
300:
35:
6242:
6227:
5799:"Mozilla Labs » Blog Archive » Better animations in Firefox 3"
5660:
5191:
4731:"2012 International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)"
4500:
3633:
and their GIFV metaformat, which is really a video tag playing a looped
3587:
Other options for web animation include serving individual frames using
3148:
Number of bytes of LZW image data in the following sub-block, 255 bytes
3120:
Number of bytes of LZW image data in the following sub-block: 255 bytes
2402:
Top left pixel color chosen as the highest index of a 256-color palette
1010:
The full detail of the file format is covered in the GIF specification.
333:
technique to reduce the file size without degrading the visual quality.
8401:
8294:
7703:
7474:
7343:
7306:
7241:
7125:
7002:
6911:
6789:
6561:
6506:
6144:
6021:"#3271 (Allow using additional pixel formats with libvpx-vp9) – FFmpeg"
5962:
4073:
3817:
3796:
3617:
3609:
3596:
3418:
2631:
2623:
1154:
477:
457:
427:
359:
289:
122:
67:
5750:
4165:
is America's word of the year? Now that's what I call an omnishambles"
2572:
2157:
A 46×46 uncompressed GIF with 7-bit symbols (128 colors, 8-bit codes).
8470:
8072:
7875:
7855:
7675:
7670:
7333:
7291:
6454:
5373:
4781:
3827:
3503:
3341:
2975:
1100:
899:
784:
and Oxford Dictionaries cite both pronunciations, but place the hard
373:. Since this was more efficient than the run-length encoding used by
315:
81:
6823:
International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata
5322:
2226:
100 028 0FF 0FF 0FF 028 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 0FF 101
8448:
8327:
7958:
7850:
7276:
7130:
6809:
6630:
6620:
6479:
6384:
6141:"Imgur Revamps GIFs for Faster Speeds and Higher Quality with GIFV"
5499:
5469:
4272:
3313:
2638:
980:
An extension block (introduced by 0x21, an ASCII exclamation point
946:
503:
431:
378:
5509:– A project of the League for Programming Freedom (latest version)
3687:, which may be unsuitable for GIFs that combine transparency with
411:
The two versions can be distinguished by looking at the first six
8663:
8604:
8517:
8271:
8158:
8117:
8112:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
7938:
7880:
7820:
7584:
7564:
7549:
7338:
7266:
7246:
6593:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6364:
6203:
5686:
4741:. Karunya University; Coimbatore, India: IEEE. pp. 297–301.
4739:
International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)
3807:
3771:
3538:
2030:
add string for local code followed by copy of its own first byte
1376:
Global Color Table, color #1: transparent bit, not used in image
950:
912:
890:
665:
6910:
4197:
4136:. Oxford American Dictionaries. 13 November 2012. Archived from
4037:"You Can Finally, Actually, Really, Truly Post GIFs on Facebook"
3987:
Ajax: The Definitive Guide: Interactive Applications for the Web
2649:
The following example shows the structure of the animation file
8465:
7923:
7617:
7457:
7378:
7358:
7296:
7033:
7009:
6987:
6975:
6970:
6516:
6334:
6212:
4975:
4495:
3743:
3626:
3510:
restriction, and better frame-handling and compression through
3486:
transparency without using Microsoft-specific HTML extensions.
3372:
2906:
End of the sub-block chain for the Application Extension block
1063:
1027:
942:
561:
473:
469:
3248:
An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclaimation point
3203:
An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclaimation point
3060:
North-west corner position of image in logical screen: (0, 0)
2922:
An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclaimation point
2800:
An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclaimation point
1450:
An Extension Block (introduced by an ASCII exclaimation point
1084:
images. Tables of 2, 16, and 256 colors are widely supported.
8512:
8443:
8286:
8062:
8025:
7910:
7612:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7559:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7517:
7509:
7271:
7251:
7082:
7072:
7067:
7055:
7043:
6774:
6701:
6486:
6434:
6324:
6087:
5525:"License Information on GIF and Other LZW-based Technologies"
4345:
The American Heritage Abbreviations Dictionary, Third Edition
3728:
3724:
3716:
3630:
3328:
2044:
code code code --> string Palette color Action
987:
The trailer (a single byte of value 0x3B, an ASCII semicolon
919:
pronunciation to refer exclusively to the peanut butter, and
908:
420:
382:
288:
that was developed by a team at the online services provider
2576:
Screen capture of an interlaced GIF loading in a web browser
2367:
only apply to same-color pixels until coding table is full.
1137:
8453:
8198:
8153:
8143:
8133:
8107:
8067:
8057:
7953:
7895:
7815:
7778:
7773:
7690:
7632:
7622:
7383:
7261:
7135:
7115:
6817:
6784:
6764:
6716:
6615:
6444:
6429:
6424:
6369:
6309:
6299:
6294:
5633:
4698:"Jif settles the great debate with a GIF peanut butter jar"
4572:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2005. p. 711.
3785:
3720:
3703:
3665:
image format. In contrast to JPEG, HEIF supports animation.
3662:
3658:
3638:
3588:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3519:
3410:
3026:
End of sub-block chain for Graphic Control Extension block
2266:
00 51 FC FB F7 0F C5 BF 7F FF FE FD FB F7 EF DF BF 7F 01 01
996:
by a series of sub-blocks containing the LZW-encoded data.
889:
pronunciation; his speech led to more than 17,000 posts on
531:
515:
412:
5486:
3582:
are in development and are supported by some web browsers.
2997:
Frame delay: 0.09 second delay before painting next frame
2614:
GIF can be used to display animation, as in this image of
852:
832:
806:
756:
682:
590:
472:
in 1985. Controversy over the licensing agreement between
253:
8492:
8480:
8322:
8138:
7845:
7442:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
6794:
6779:
6635:
6536:
6521:
5323:"The GIF Controversy: A Software Developer's Perspective"
4702:
3907:
3872:
3727:
started converting any GIF files uploaded to the site to
3699:
3676:
3634:
3383:
2112:
101h | End
1315:
1047:
867:
864:
855:
835:
809:
797:
794:
759:
720:
717:
685:
633:
630:
593:
439:
374:
256:
229:
226:
6236:
4826:
3706:
can also be used either as a video or a sequenced image.
3042:
An Image Descriptor (introduced by 0x2C, an ASCII comma
2190:
codes for coding single symbols, and the upper block of
1558:
An Image Descriptor (introduced by 0x2C, an ASCII comma
5160:"History of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Format"
4229:"Gif's inventor says ignore dictionaries and say 'Jif'"
3537:("Animated Portable Network Graphics") was proposed by
3409:
In June 1984, an article by Welch was published in the
560:
A humorous infographic announcing the 2013 launch of a
4401:"Gif - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Dictionary"
1686:
File termination block indicator (an ASCII semi-colon
1576:
North-west corner position of image in logical screen
354:
5991:"HEIF Comparison - High Efficiency Image File Format"
3092:
Local color table: 0 means none & no interlacing
2040:
9-bit ----> Local Table Pixel
870:
858:
838:
812:
800:
762:
723:
688:
636:
596:
268:
259:
241:
232:
4829:"Fast, Cheap, and Good: Why Animated GIFs Engage Us"
4782:
S. Chin; D. Iverson; O. Campesato; P. Trani (2011).
3753:
3542:
will simply render the first frame of the animation.
3514:. Virtually universal support for the GIF format in
3335:
1157:
byte order, as the format specification prescribes.
672:. The creators of the format pronounced the acronym
6052:"Meet the technology that could make GIFs obsolete"
4070:"Facebook Confirms It Will Officially Support GIFs"
3608:With the introduction of widespread support of the
2588:
Pass 1: Line 0 (the top-most line) from each strip.
2186:fall naturally into two blocks: the lower block of
903:also entered the debate in 2013. In February 2020,
5739:
5687:"Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc"
4634:"'Jeopardy' wades into 'GIF' pronunciation battle"
3447:who started the "Burn All GIFs" campaign in 1999.
2845:8-byte application name plus 3 verification bytes
2159:Click on the image for an explanation of the code.
5459:Unisys Not Suing (most) Webmasters for Using GIFs
3840:, historic program to create simple animated GIFs
3603:("Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language").
3474:Although support for PNG format came slowly, new
3356:developed a fast variant of LZ78 which was named
3106:Minimum LZW code size for Image Data of frame #1
2655:shown (as a thumbnail) in the article's infobox.
8731:
4939:
3518:and a lack of official support for video in the
738:, and polls have generally shown that this hard
5747:"Discussion for a simple "animated" PNG format"
4878:
4130:"Oxford Dictionaries USA Word of the Year 2012"
1507:Delay for animation in hundredths of a second;
1429:Global Color Table, color #255: #ffffff, white
1153:The hex numbers in the following tables are in
303:, allowing a single image to reference its own
4627:
4625:
4588:(part of the Macintosh built-in dictionaries).
4491:"GIF | Definition of GIF by Oxford Dictionary"
4298:
4223:
4221:
4219:
3793:, a partially animated photograph often in GIF
3290:Trailer: Last byte in the file, signaling EOF
307:of up to 256 different colors chosen from the
6896:
6258:
5551:"Why There Are No GIF Files on GNU Web Pages"
5224:, published 1985-12-10, assigned to
4965:
4963:
4363:
3405:a 1981 German patent from Karl Eckhart Heinz.
2953:Number of bytes (4) in the current sub-block
2597:Pass 4: Lines 1, 3, 5, and 7 from each strip.
991:), which should be the last byte of the file.
973:An image (introduced by 0x2C, an ASCII comma
885:ceremony, Wilhite publicly rejected the hard-
538:". The press's lexicographers voted it their
5114:"XMP Specification Part 3: Storage in Files"
5083:
4775:
4728:
4375:The Cambridge Dictionary of American English
3984:
2728:GCT follows for 256 colors with resolution 3
1311:Global Color Table, color #0: #000000, black
1235:GCT follows for 256 colors with resolution 3
911:to release a limited-edition "Jif vs. GIF" (
419:" or signature), which, when interpreted as
6218:GIF 89a specification reformatted into HTML
5953:
5791:
5401:"Replacing a Dictionary with a Square Root"
4722:
4664:
4622:
4597:
4216:
2859:Number of bytes in the following sub-block
923:to be exclusively pronounced with the hard-
423:, read "GIF87a" or "GIF89a", respectively.
6903:
6889:
6265:
6251:
6239:(The GeoCities Animated GIF Search Engine)
5519:
5517:
5515:
5317:
5315:
4960:
4423:
4260:"70 percent of people worldwide pronounce
3904:"Graphics Interchange Format, Version 89a"
3869:"Graphics Interchange Format, Version 87a"
3799:, a technique used to check content access
3595:("Scalable vector graphics") images using
1253:Background color: index #0; #000000 black
6272:
5056:
4969:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4904:
4528:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
4521:
4437:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
3898:
3896:
3894:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3277:Image information and data for frame #44
2970:(broken into sections for easier reading)
1524:Color number of transparent pixel in GCT
580:The pronunciation of the first letter of
5452:
5157:
4695:
4667:"Battle Over 'GIF' Pronunciation Erupts"
4631:
3952:
3265:Graphic Control Extension for frame #44
2626:of an animation sequence. To facilitate
2609:
2571:
2258:20 bytes uncompressed image data follow
1314:
1099:
1017:
846:in its second edition but updated it to
772:Cambridge Dictionary of American English
555:
404:storage of application-specific metadata
6230:: a six-minute documentary produced by
5879:. Blog.chromium.org. 21 November 2013.
5653:
5621:
5569:
5512:
5398:
5312:
5286:
5242:
5189:
4729:Marur, D.R.; Bhaskar, V. (March 2012).
4689:
3932:
3220:Graphic Control Extension for frame #2
2939:Graphic Control Extension for frame #1
1313:
1022:An example of a GIF image saved with a
781:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
480:in 1994 spurred the development of the
430:user could view pictures created on an
8760:Computer-related introductions in 1987
8732:
5425:
5346:
5344:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
4928:
4710:from the original on February 25, 2020
4696:Valinsky, Jordan (February 25, 2020).
4299:van der Meulen, Marten (22 May 2019).
4034:
3891:
3856:
3187:End of sub-block chain for this frame
2594:Pass 3: Lines 2 and 6 from each strip.
2290:
1986:string --> code code Action
1651:11 bytes of image data, see field 320
1623:Start of image, LZW minimum code size
1092:Although GIF is almost never used for
966:(GCT), which follows next if present.
750:cites both pronunciations, indicating
336:While once in widespread usage on the
8765:Discovery and invention controversies
6884:
6818:Exchangeable image file format (Exif)
6246:
6138:
5935:from the original on 14 December 2014
5831:from the original on 25 February 2021
5825:"195280 – Removal of MNG/JNG support"
5727:from the original on 13 February 2013
5697:from the original on 19 February 2018
5433:"LZW Software and Patent Information"
5216:
5198:from the original on 10 February 2012
5126:from the original on 25 February 2018
4879:Highfield, Tim; Leaver, Tama (2016).
4735:Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS)
4677:from the original on 16 December 2013
4600:"An Honor for the Creator of the GIF"
4471:from the original on 24 November 2020
4381:from the original on 27 February 2014
4351:from the original on 3 September 2011
4280:from the original on 23 December 2021
4204:from the original on 25 February 2009
4189:
4158:
4110:from the original on 12 December 2019
4067:
4009:
3914:from the original on 22 December 2018
3879:from the original on 22 December 2018
2983:Transparent color, 0 means not given
2306:
2303:
1062:Many techniques, collectively called
451:the ability for animated GIFs to loop
6181:from the original on 10 January 2016
6151:from the original on 3 February 2015
5971:from the original on 19 January 2020
5954:Thomson, Gavin; Shah, Athar (2017).
5765:
5493:
5004:from the original on 10 October 2014
4646:from the original on 6 December 2013
4632:Rothberg, Daniel (4 December 2013).
4411:from the original on 22 October 2013
4257:
4177:from the original on 1 December 2016
3497:
2966:000..... ...001.. ......0. .......0
2873:Index of the current data sub-block
1604:Local color table bit, 0 means none
770:as the primary pronunciation, while
325:GIF images are compressed using the
5629:"What's New in Internet Explorer 7"
5609:from the original on 3 October 2014
5449:– clarification of 2 September 1999
5341:
5329:from the original on 23 August 2016
5178:
5138:
4942:"GIF 24 Bit (truecolor) extensions"
4885:Communication Research and Practice
4550:from the original on 23 August 2022
4258:Buck, Stephanie (21 October 2014).
3933:Tiffany, Kaitlyn (7 October 2022).
3803:Comparison of graphics file formats
2140:
2115:
1116:
355:§ Unisys and LZW patent enforcement
292:led by American computer scientist
13:
8694:Comparison of audio coding formats
6828:Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP)
5857:from the original on 17 March 2021
5472:investigation into the controversy
5380:from the original on 13 April 2015
5192:"Sad day... GIF patent dead at 20"
5034:. 14 February 2012. Archived from
4584:The New Oxford American Dictionary
4570:The New Oxford American Dictionary
4347:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005.
2148:
1390:Global Color Table extends to 30A
1161:Table of example GIF image values
1136:
277:
94:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)
14:
8776:
6197:
6139:Allan, Patrick (9 October 2014).
6094:from the original on 6 April 2014
6049:
6031:from the original on 16 June 2020
6001:from the original on 25 July 2019
5901:
5883:from the original on 17 July 2018
5805:from the original on 7 March 2016
5667:from the original on 14 June 2009
5641:from the original on 1 March 2009
5583:from the original on 15 July 2009
5413:from the original on 28 June 2017
5166:from the original on 7 March 2012
4808:from the original on 2 April 2015
4791:. New York: Apress. p. 350.
4407:. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.
4239:from the original on 27 June 2018
4195:
3830:(supports pseudo-GIF, which uses
3661:video format, and related to the
3336:Unisys and LZW patent enforcement
2979:Disposal method 1: do not dispose
2875:(always 1 for the NETSCAPE block)
2746:Background color: #000000, black
2299:Sample compression of a GIF file
2014:Is incoming code found in table?
2004:
1590:Image width and height in pixels
893:and dozens of news articles. The
742:pronunciation is more prevalent.
450:
41:
6863:
6852:
6851:
6064:from the original on 11 May 2015
5779:from the original on 5 July 2010
5557:from the original on 19 May 2012
4610:from the original on 22 May 2013
4321:from the original on 24 May 2022
4080:from the original on 30 May 2015
4049:from the original on 30 May 2015
3770:
3756:
3742:started re-encoding all GIFs to
2839:4E 45 54 53 43 41 50 45 32 2E 30
2760:Default pixel aspect ratio, 0:0
1645:00 51 FC 1B 28 70 A0 C1 83 01 01
1267:Default pixel aspect ratio, 0:0
848:
828:
790:
752:
713:
678:
626:
586:
545:
249:
222:
34:
6163:
6132:
6120:from the original on 5 May 2020
6106:
6076:
6043:
6013:
5983:
5947:
5929:"Introducing GIFV - Imgur Blog"
5921:
5895:
5869:
5843:
5817:
5709:
5679:
5605:. Microsoft. 4 September 2012.
5595:
5543:
5475:
5399:Cargill, Tom (1 October 2001).
5392:
5366:
5299:
5280:
5258:
5236:
5210:
5119:. Adobe. 2016. pp. 11–12.
5106:
5077:
5050:
5016:
4990:
4872:
4820:
4658:
4591:
4576:
4562:
4515:
4483:
4453:
4393:
4333:
4292:
4251:
4159:Flood, Alison (27 April 2013).
4152:
4122:
3478:support PNG. Older versions of
3454:
3402:(1977) from Klaus E. Holtz, and
3382:two 1980 Japanese patents from
2605:
2591:Pass 2: Line 4 from each strip.
1696:
988:
981:
974:
296:and released on June 15, 1987.
86:
73:
59:
16:Bitmap image file format family
8740:Animated graphics file formats
8256:ISO/IEC base media file format
5362:League for Programming Freedom
4522:Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010).
4377:. Cambridge University Press.
4092:
4061:
4028:
4003:
3985:Holdener III, Anthony (2008).
3978:
3926:
3445:League for Programming Freedom
2567:
2144:
956:
823:New Oxford American Dictionary
509:
1:
6832:
5931:. imgur.com. 9 October 2014.
5723:mailing list. 20 April 2007.
5717:"VOTE FAILED: APNG 20070405a"
4897:10.1080/22041451.2016.1155332
4747:10.1109/ICDCSyst.2012.6188724
4465:Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
4035:McHugh, Molly (29 May 2015).
3964:Compute!'s Apple Applications
3849:
3506:, the ability to surpass the
3394:(1974) from John S. Hoerning,
3367:who subsequently merged with
1087:
299:The format can contain up to
8745:Raster graphics file formats
5577:"PNG versus GIF Compression"
5553:. Free Software Foundation.
5086:Web Scripting Secret Weapons
4665:O'Leary, Amy (23 May 2013).
4598:O'Leary, Amy (21 May 2013).
4525:Oxford Dictionary of English
4198:"The GIF Pronunciation Page"
4068:Perez, Sarah (29 May 2015).
3935:"The GIF Is on Its Deathbed"
3494:compact animation features.
3325:Extensible Metadata Platform
1481:Amount of GCE data, 4 bytes
1467:A Graphic Control Extension
395:support for animation delays
7:
5956:"Introducing HEIF and HEVC"
3966:. December 1987. p. 10
3749:
3308:
3074:Frame width and height: 400
2974:Reserved, 5 lower bits are
1013:
456:While GIF was developed by
320:images with color gradients
275:
214:Graphics Interchange Format
157:; 35 years ago
10:
8781:
8699:Comparison of video codecs
7209:(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1)
4435:Oxford Dictionaries Online
4405:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
4100:"Introducing GIF Stickers"
4012:Encyclopedia of Multimedia
3417:The popularity of LZW led
2687:Logical Screen Descriptor
2652:Rotating earth (large).gif
2083:| #255
1434:Graphic Control Extension
1194:Logical Screen Descriptor
668:represented by the letter
549:
352:
348:
18:
8712:
8686:
8531:
8505:
8359:
8336:
8308:
8285:
8220:
8211:
8126:
8007:
7996:
7788:
7740:
7717:
7689:
7631:
7593:
7508:
7407:
7396:
7224:
7193:
7144:
7106:
7054:
6937:
6926:
6846:
6808:
6750:
6667:
6644:
6280:
6211:GIF 89a specification on
5904:"SVG Animation - A Guide"
5603:"AlphaImageLoader Filter"
4940:Andreas Kleinert (2007).
3719:added support for silent
3651:discrete cosine transform
3465:Portable Network Graphics
2508:
2485:
2377:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2125:values 0 and 1 are used.
1724:
1721:
1685:
1669:
1664:
1650:
1636:
1622:
1608:
1603:
1589:
1575:
1557:
1541:
1536:
1523:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1466:
1449:
1433:
1271:
1266:
1252:
1234:
1221:
1207:
1193:
1188:
1174:
482:Portable Network Graphics
466:lossless data compression
331:lossless data compression
186:
170:
146:
128:
118:
102:
92:
80:
66:
52:
33:
6116:. Imgur. 9 August 2014.
5266:JP patent S57101937A
4972:"True-Color GIF Example"
3694:with fine color details.
3010:Transparent color index
2964:
930:
905:The J.M. Smucker Company
68:Internet media type
8523:Alliance for Open Media
6084:"WebM support on 4chan"
5661:"PNG Image File Format"
5505:3 February 2007 at the
5244:JP patent S5719857A
4841:10.1145/2858036.2858532
3710:
3657:algorithm based on the
3232:Repeat for next frames
3174:Repeat for next blocks
2175:If the symbol width is
524:Oxford University Press
7443:MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)
6175:Official Telegram Blog
3838:Microsoft GIF Animator
3459:
3162:Image data, 255 bytes
3134:Image data, 255 bytes
3012:(unused in this frame)
2817:Application Extension
2619:
2577:
2153:
1336:
1222:Logical screen height
1141:
1105:
1043:
878:in the third edition.
577:
468:algorithm patented by
134:; 37 years ago
8461:QuickTime File Format
6517:PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM
6274:Graphics file formats
6232:Off Book (web series)
6223:LZW and GIF explained
5307:U.S. patent 4,558,302
5288:DE patent 3118676
5270:Nippon Electric Corp.
5248:Nippon Electric Corp.
5084:Scott Walter (1996).
4586:(3rd ed.). 2012.
4010:Furht, Borko (2008).
3625:Notable examples are
3399:U.S. patent 4,366,551
3391:U.S. patent 4,021,782
3369:Burroughs Corporation
2613:
2575:
2179:, the codes of width
2152:
1982:Table 9-bit
1318:
1208:Logical screen width
1140:
1103:
1021:
774:offers only the hard-
568:suggests pronouncing
559:
353:Further information:
8720:Compression software
8277:MPEG media transport
7354:Sorenson Video/Spark
5773:"APNG Specification"
4835:. pp. 575–586.
2108:| #255
2104:| #255
2100:| #255
2091:| #255
2087:| #255
2078:| #255
2069:| #255
2060:| #255
1710:with 0 data bytes).
1050:values defined in a
1042:are noticeably poor.
664:), differing in the
552:Pronunciation of GIF
278:§ Pronunciation
21:GIF (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
8718:for techniques and
8716:Compression methods
7212:HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)
6833:GIF § Metadata
6057:The Washington Post
5753:on 26 February 2009
5489:on 13 October 1999.
5483:"Burn All GIFs Day"
5464:10 May 2017 at the
5358:on 7 February 2007.
5325:. 27 January 1995.
4978:on 22 February 2015
4503:on 13 February 2021
4106:. 23 January 2018.
3832:run-length encoding
3814:associated with GIF
3371:in 1986 and formed
2773:Global Color Table
2660:
2300:
2291:Compression example
2015:
1718:
1717:Reversible mapping
1272:Global Color Table
1162:
897:and the TV program
364:run-length encoding
30:
6204:The GIFLIB project
6177:. 4 January 2016.
6114:"Introducing GIFV"
5995:Nokia Technologies
5801:. 13 August 2007.
5406:Dr. Dobb's Journal
5059:"All About GIF89a"
5038:on 1 February 2017
4906:20.500.11937/36939
4671:The New York Times
4604:The New York Times
4441:on 12 October 2014
3989:. O'Reilly Media.
3685:chroma subsampling
3512:inter-frame coding
3469:alpha transparency
3365:Sperry Corporation
3340:In 1977 and 1978,
3159:<image data>
3131:<image data>
2658:
2644:Netscape Navigator
2620:
2578:
2557:End of image data
2298:
2284:End of image data
2154:
2013:
1716:
1648:<image data>
1337:
1160:
1142:
1106:
1044:
578:
447:Netscape Navigator
445:In September 1995
415:of the file (the "
98:com.compuserve.gif
54:Filename extension
28:
8727:
8726:
8501:
8500:
8419:DivX Media Format
8207:
8206:
7992:
7991:
7392:
7391:
7282:Microsoft Video 1
7217:AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)
7203:(GB/T 20090.2/16)
6878:
6877:
5579:. 31 March 2007.
4785:Pro Android Flash
4639:Los Angeles Times
3738:In January 2016,
3681:alpha compositing
3655:lossy compression
3641:compressed video.
3498:Animation formats
3480:Internet Explorer
3303:lossy compression
3294:
3293:
2715:Height in pixels
2681:47 49 46 38 39 61
2659:Structure of GIF
2561:
2560:
2475:Last 11-bit code
2455:Last 10-bit code
2385:Clear code table
2363:Relations using N
2288:
2287:
2165:
2164:
2034:
2033:
1975:
1974:
1694:
1693:
1542:Image Descriptor
1537:End of GCE block
1426:
1425:
1373:
1372:
1308:
1307:
1183:47 49 46 38 39 61
1151:
1150:
883:2013 Webby Awards
401:background colors
210:
209:
132:15 June 1987
119:Developed by
8772:
8493:VOB, IFO and BUP
8267:Motion JPEG 2000
8218:
8217:
8005:
8004:
7964:aptX Low Latency
7741:Chinese Standard
7405:
7404:
7194:Chinese Standard
6966:Motion JPEG 2000
6935:
6934:
6905:
6898:
6891:
6882:
6881:
6867:
6855:
6854:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6244:
6243:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6171:"GIF Revolution"
6167:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6136:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6050:Dewey, Caitlin.
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
5987:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5970:
5960:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5749:. Archived from
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5702:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5657:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5527:. Archived from
5521:
5510:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5485:. Archived from
5479:
5473:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5435:. Archived from
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5370:
5364:
5359:
5354:. Archived from
5348:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5319:
5310:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5272:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5187:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5155:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5065:on 18 April 1999
5061:. Archived from
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5032:Developer's Blog
5020:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4974:. Archived from
4967:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4948:on 16 March 2012
4944:. Archived from
4937:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4908:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4807:
4790:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4759:. Archived from
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4499:. Archived from
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4225:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4209:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4140:on 3 August 2014
4134:OxfordWords blog
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3910:. 31 July 1990.
3900:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3875:. 15 June 1987.
3865:
3834:rather than LZW)
3824:creation program
3780:
3778:Animation portal
3775:
3774:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3734:
3615:
3401:
3393:
3358:Lempel–Ziv–Welch
3251:
3245:
3206:
3200:
3077:
3045:
3039:
2925:
2919:
2803:
2797:
2731:
2701:Width in pixels
2661:
2657:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2495:Code table full
2492:1606528⋮7370880
2435:Last 9-bit code
2360:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2301:
2297:
2232:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2160:
2145:
2141:Uncompressed GIF
2116:LZW code lengths
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2016:
2012:
1968:
1965:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1931:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1719:
1715:
1689:
1683:
1561:
1555:
1453:
1447:
1402:
1401:
1349:
1348:
1284:
1283:
1238:
1163:
1159:
1146:
1121:
1120:
1117:Example GIF file
1024:web-safe palette
990:
983:
976:
877:
876:
873:
872:
869:
866:
861:
860:
857:
854:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
834:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
808:
803:
802:
799:
796:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
758:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
719:
695:
694:
691:
690:
687:
684:
652:
651:
650:
649:
642:
639:
638:
635:
632:
612:
611:
610:
609:
602:
599:
598:
595:
592:
564:account for the
540:word of the year
462:Lempel–Ziv–Welch
371:data compression
368:Lempel–Ziv–Welch
327:Lempel–Ziv–Welch
301:8 bits per pixel
280:
271:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
228:
206:
203:
201:
199:
197:
195:
193:
165:
163:
158:
142:
140:
135:
114:
110:
88:
75:
61:
38:
31:
27:
8780:
8779:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8723:
8708:
8682:
8527:
8497:
8355:
8332:
8304:
8281:
8203:
8122:
8020:
7999:
7988:
7784:
7756:(GB/T 33475.3)
7750:(GB/T 20090.10)
7736:
7713:
7685:
7627:
7589:
7504:
7500:MPEG-H 3D Audio
7426:MPEG-1 Layer II
7416:
7399:
7388:
7220:
7189:
7140:
7102:
7050:
6946:
6929:
6922:
6909:
6879:
6874:
6842:
6804:
6746:
6663:
6640:
6276:
6271:
6209:spec-gif89a.txt
6200:
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6025:trac.ffmpeg.org
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5570:
5560:
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5549:
5548:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5523:
5522:
5513:
5507:Wayback Machine
5498:
5494:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5466:Wayback Machine
5457:
5453:
5442:
5440:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5397:
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5383:
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5300:
5293:
5285:
5281:
5274:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5222:Welch, Terry A.
5215:
5211:
5201:
5199:
5188:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5156:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5100:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5057:Royal Frazier.
5055:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5028:] browsers"
5022:
5021:
5017:
5007:
5005:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4970:Philip Howard.
4968:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4938:
4929:
4919:
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4877:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4851:
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4242:
4240:
4235:. 22 May 2013.
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4178:
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4143:
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3997:
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3917:
3915:
3902:
3901:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3867:
3866:
3857:
3852:
3844:Software patent
3776:
3769:
3764:Internet portal
3762:
3755:
3752:
3732:
3715:In April 2014,
3713:
3702:video codec or
3692:vector graphics
3613:
3591:, or animating
3500:
3462:
3457:
3431:Eric S. Raymond
3397:
3389:
3386:'s Jun Kanatsu,
3338:
3311:
3249:
3243:
3204:
3198:
3075:
3043:
3037:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2923:
2917:
2893:of repetitions
2891:Unsigned number
2801:
2795:
2732:8 bits/primary
2729:
2616:Newton's cradle
2608:
2570:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2472:295296⋮1604736
2366:
2355:
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2349:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2318:
2293:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2176:
2158:
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2143:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2007:
1990:
1966:
1963:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1869:
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1846:
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1754:
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1681:
1559:
1553:
1451:
1445:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1236:
1144:
1131:
1128:
1125:Microsoft Paint
1119:
1090:
1071:websafe palette
1032:Floyd–Steinberg
1016:
959:
933:
927:pronunciation.
863:
851:
847:
831:
827:
805:
793:
789:
778:pronunciation.
755:
751:
716:
712:
681:
677:
645:
644:
629:
625:
605:
604:
589:
585:
554:
548:
536:Summer Olympics
512:
357:
351:
343:MP4 file format
312:RGB color space
269:
252:
248:
242:
225:
221:
190:
166:
161:
159:
156:
154:
138:
136:
133:
129:Initial release
112:
108:
76:
62:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8778:
8768:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8725:
8724:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8704:List of codecs
8701:
8696:
8690:
8688:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8679:
8678:
8677:
8676:
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8553:
8548:
8537:
8535:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8509:
8507:
8506:Collaborations
8503:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8496:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8473:
8468:
8463:
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8325:
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8306:
8305:
8303:
8302:
8297:
8291:
8289:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8279:
8274:
8272:MPEG-21 Part 9
8269:
8264:
8261:MPEG-4 Part 14
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8230:
8228:
8215:
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8002:
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7920:
7919:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7841:Monkey's Audio
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7782:
7781:(SJ/T 11299.4)
7776:
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7751:
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7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7445:
7440:
7438:MPEG-1 Layer I
7435:
7434:
7433:
7422:
7420:
7402:
7394:
7393:
7390:
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7386:
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7101:
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7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7064:
7062:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7044:Part 2 / LCEVC
7041:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6995:
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6656:
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6648:
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6608:
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6447:
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6407:
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6377:
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6367:
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6357:
6352:
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6342:
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6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6270:
6269:
6262:
6255:
6247:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6206:
6199:
6198:External links
6196:
6193:
6192:
6162:
6131:
6105:
6075:
6042:
6012:
5982:
5946:
5920:
5894:
5868:
5842:
5816:
5790:
5764:
5738:
5708:
5678:
5652:
5620:
5594:
5568:
5542:
5531:on 2 June 2009
5511:
5492:
5474:
5451:
5439:on 8 June 2009
5424:
5391:
5365:
5360:– archived by
5340:
5311:
5298:
5279:
5257:
5235:
5209:
5177:
5158:Greg Roelofs.
5137:
5105:
5098:
5090:Que Publishing
5076:
5049:
5015:
4989:
4959:
4927:
4871:
4849:
4819:
4797:
4774:
4763:on 2 July 2017
4755:
4721:
4688:
4657:
4621:
4590:
4575:
4561:
4534:
4514:
4482:
4452:
4422:
4392:
4362:
4332:
4291:
4250:
4215:
4196:Olsen, Steve.
4188:
4167:. Books blog.
4151:
4121:
4091:
4060:
4027:
4021:978-0387747248
4020:
4002:
3996:978-0596528386
3995:
3977:
3951:
3925:
3890:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
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3800:
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3788:
3782:
3781:
3767:
3751:
3748:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3696:
3695:
3679:only supports
3673:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3643:
3642:
3622:
3621:
3605:
3604:
3584:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3499:
3496:
3471:are required.
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3395:
3387:
3346:Abraham Lempel
3337:
3334:
3310:
3307:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3286:
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3279:
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3275:
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2260:
2259:
2256:
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2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2225:
2198:for CLEAR and
2163:
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2142:
2139:
2117:
2114:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2006:
2005:Image decoding
2003:
1980:
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550:Main article:
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460:, it used the
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46:rotating globe
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8038:CCITT Group 4
8036:
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8006:
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8001:
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7969:aptX Adaptive
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7719:Bluetooth SIG
7716:
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7465:MPEG Surround
7463:
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7016:
7015:Part 2 / HEVC
7013:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7004:
7003:Part 33 / IVC
7001:
6999:
6998:Part 10 / AVC
6996:
6994:
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6990:
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6883:
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6859:
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6839:
6838:Steganography
6836:
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6228:Animated GIFs
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5902:Calou, Juan.
5898:
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5508:
5504:
5501:
5500:Burn All GIFs
5496:
5488:
5484:
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5467:
5463:
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5190:Stuart Caie.
5186:
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5099:0-7897-0947-3
5095:
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4850:9781450333627
4846:
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4798:9781430232315
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4756:9781457715457
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4310:English Today
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4234:
4230:
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4222:
4220:
4203:
4199:
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4176:
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4139:
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4109:
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4017:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3992:
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3909:
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3874:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3828:GNU plotutils
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3798:
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3648:
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3614:<video>
3611:
3607:
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3598:
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3509:
3505:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:alpha channel
3481:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3466:
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3448:
3446:
3440:
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3404:
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3396:
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3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3350:LZ77 and LZ78
3347:
3343:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3289:
3287:
3284:
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3264:
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3259:
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3202:
3197:
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3147:
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3141:
3138:
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3133:
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3127:
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3119:
3116:
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3110:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
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3091:
3088:
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3073:
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3064:
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3036:
3033:
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3025:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2981:No user input
2977:
2973:
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2963:
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2808:
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2700:
2697:
2694:
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2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2670:Text or value
2669:
2666:
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2662:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2640:
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2633:
2629:
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2617:
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2596:
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2482:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:32896⋮294528
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:
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2398:
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2392:
2389:
2388:
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2382:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2328:Length(bits)
2313:
2302:
2296:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:Text or value
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2183:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1842:
1837:
1832:
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1827:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
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1714:
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1707:
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1680:
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1607:
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1597:
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1572:
1569:
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1552:
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1540:
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1531:
1528:
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1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1444:
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1438:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1172:Text or value
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1155:little-endian
1147:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:palette table
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
986:
979:
972:
971:
970:
967:
963:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
875:
843:
825:
824:
817:
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
767:
749:
748:
743:
741:
737:
736:
728:
710:
706:
705:peanut butter
702:
701:
693:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
648:
641:
623:
619:
618:
608:
601:
583:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
553:
546:Pronunciation
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
507:
505:
500:
497:
494:The optional
492:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
393:
392:
389:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
365:
361:
356:
346:
344:
339:
334:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
294:Steve Wilhite
291:
287:
284:
279:
273:
272:
264:
246:
245:
237:
219:
215:
205:
189:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
169:
151:
149:
145:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
107:
105:
101:
97:
95:
91:
85:
83:
79:
71:
69:
65:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
26:
22:
8755:Open formats
8042:
7770:(GB/T 22726)
7431:Multichannel
7287:MSU Lossless
7201:AVS1 P2/AVS+
7155:TrueMotion S
7093:H.265 / HEVC
7039:Part 1 / EVC
7027:Part 3 / VVC
6993:Part 2 / ASP
6862:
6850:
6389:
6183:. Retrieved
6174:
6165:
6153:. Retrieved
6134:
6122:. Retrieved
6108:
6096:. Retrieved
6078:
6066:. Retrieved
6055:
6045:
6033:. Retrieved
6024:
6015:
6003:. Retrieved
5985:
5973:. Retrieved
5949:
5937:. Retrieved
5923:
5911:. Retrieved
5907:
5897:
5885:. Retrieved
5871:
5859:. Retrieved
5845:
5833:. Retrieved
5819:
5807:. Retrieved
5793:
5781:. Retrieved
5767:
5755:. Retrieved
5751:the original
5741:
5729:. Retrieved
5711:
5699:. Retrieved
5690:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5655:
5643:. Retrieved
5632:
5623:
5611:. Retrieved
5597:
5585:. Retrieved
5571:
5559:. Retrieved
5545:
5533:. Retrieved
5529:the original
5495:
5487:the original
5477:
5454:
5441:. Retrieved
5437:the original
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5404:
5394:
5382:. Retrieved
5368:
5356:the original
5331:. Retrieved
5301:
5282:
5260:
5238:
5226:Sperry Corp.
5212:
5200:. Retrieved
5168:. Retrieved
5128:. Retrieved
5108:
5085:
5079:
5067:. Retrieved
5063:the original
5052:
5040:. Retrieved
5036:the original
5031:
5025:
5018:
5006:. Retrieved
4992:
4980:. Retrieved
4976:the original
4950:. Retrieved
4946:the original
4918:. Retrieved
4891:(1): 47–62.
4888:
4884:
4874:
4862:. Retrieved
4832:
4822:
4810:. Retrieved
4784:
4777:
4765:. Retrieved
4761:the original
4734:
4724:
4714:February 25,
4712:. Retrieved
4701:
4691:
4679:. Retrieved
4670:
4660:
4648:. Retrieved
4637:
4612:. Retrieved
4603:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4569:
4564:
4552:. Retrieved
4524:
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:the original
4494:
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4464:
4455:
4443:. Retrieved
4439:the original
4434:
4425:
4413:. Retrieved
4404:
4395:
4383:. Retrieved
4374:
4365:
4353:. Retrieved
4344:
4335:
4323:. Retrieved
4317:(1): 45–50.
4314:
4308:
4302:
4294:
4282:. Retrieved
4271:
4265:
4264:with a hard
4261:
4253:
4241:. Retrieved
4232:
4206:. Retrieved
4191:
4179:. Retrieved
4170:The Guardian
4168:
4162:
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4138:the original
4133:
4124:
4114:19 September
4112:. Retrieved
4103:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4040:
4030:
4014:. Springer.
4011:
4005:
3986:
3980:
3970:14 September
3968:. Retrieved
3963:
3960:"Online Art"
3954:
3942:. Retrieved
3939:The Atlantic
3928:
3916:. Retrieved
3881:. Retrieved
3822:animated GIF
3810:, a form of
3737:
3714:
3566:objects and
3516:web browsers
3501:
3492:
3476:web browsers
3473:
3463:
3455:Alternatives
3449:
3441:
3434:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3377:
3362:
3339:
3322:
3319:
3312:
3299:
3295:
3011:
2969:
2874:
2664:Byte # (hex)
2650:
2648:
2636:
2627:
2621:
2606:Animated GIF
2600:
2583:
2579:
2562:
2294:
2235:Byte # (hex)
2228:
2222:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2155:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1739:Hexadecimal
1712:
1708:
1703:LZW encoding
1700:
1697:Image coding
1508:
1166:Byte # (hex)
1152:
1143:
1111:
1107:
1091:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1040:colorfulness
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
968:
964:
960:
934:
924:
920:
916:
898:
886:
880:
821:
785:
779:
775:
771:
745:
744:
739:
734:
699:
673:
669:
661:
656:
621:
616:
581:
579:
573:
572:with a hard
569:
527:
519:
513:
502:In May 2015
501:
493:
486:
455:
444:
436:Commodore 64
425:
417:magic number
410:
390:
387:
358:
335:
324:
298:
286:image format
217:
213:
211:
202:/spec-gif89a
181:image format
104:Magic number
42:animated GIF
25:
8488:MOD and TOD
8429:Flash Video
8367:3GP and 3G2
8048:HEIC / HEIF
8000:compression
7760:Audio Vivid
7495:MPEG-D USAC
7490:MPEG-4 CELP
7485:MPEG-4 HVXC
7400:compression
7232:Apple Video
7148:and AOMedia
7098:H.266 / VVC
7088:H.264 / AVC
6930:compression
6915:compression
6572:Logluv TIFF
5939:14 December
5721:SourceForge
5691:caniuse.com
4385:19 February
4284:24 December
3812:digital art
3791:Cinemagraph
3735:extension.
3683:with 4:2:0
3564:Adobe Flash
3555:Firefox 3.0
3508:8-bit color
3354:Terry Welch
3352:. In 1983,
3078:400 pixels
3068:90 01 90 01
3054:00 00 00 00
2842:NETSCAPE2.0
2667:Hexadecimal
2568:Interlacing
2527:2559
2337:Accumulated
2238:Hexadecimal
1730:Hexadecimal
1722:9-bit code
1609:Image Data
1584:03 00 05 00
1570:00 00 00 00
1169:Hexadecimal
989:';'
982:'!'
975:','
957:File format
895:White House
566:White House
526:recognized
518:, the word
510:Terminology
496:interlacing
399:transparent
8750:CompuServe
8734:Categories
8722:for codecs
8669:Daubechies
8644:Transforms
8546:Arithmetic
8213:Containers
7918:True Audio
7762:(GY/T 363)
7480:MPEG-4 DST
7475:MPEG-4 SLS
7470:MPEG-4 ALS
7344:SheerVideo
7318:QuickTime
7146:TrueMotion
6912:Multimedia
6869:Comparison
6155:4 February
6145:Lifehacker
6098:4 February
6088:4chan Blog
6068:4 February
5963:Apple Inc.
5887:1 February
5809:3 February
5443:31 January
5417:20 January
5374:"Libungif"
5218:US 4558302
4681:5 December
4650:4 December
4554:6 February
4507:6 February
4475:6 February
4173:. London.
4074:TechCrunch
3944:21 October
3883:13 October
3850:References
3818:GIFBuilder
3689:rasterised
3618:JavaScript
3610:HTML video
3597:JavaScript
3504:file sizes
3436:Dr. Dobb's
3427:PNG format
3419:CompuServe
3071:(400, 400)
2632:video clip
2628:displaying
2489:1792⋮3839
2483:800h⋮FFFh
2480:1792⋮3839
2463:400h⋮7FFh
2443:200h⋮3FFh
2426:103h⋮1FFh
2331:This codeN
1945:1 00000001
1908:10000011 1
1885:1000001 10
1862:100000 011
1839:10000 0010
1816:1000 00011
1793:011 111111
1770:00 0101000
1750:1 00000000
1094:true color
1088:True color
1030:using the
913:hashtagged
826:gave only
489:animations
478:CompuServe
458:CompuServe
449:2.0 added
428:Apple IIGS
360:CompuServe
316:animations
290:CompuServe
139:1987-06-15
123:CompuServe
8471:RealMedia
8073:JPEG 2000
7876:RealAudio
7856:OptimFROG
7334:RealVideo
7322:Animation
7292:OMS Video
6919:container
6606:UFO / UFP
6542:PSD / PSB
6455:JPEG 2000
6415:ICO / CUR
6237:GifCities
6185:4 January
5130:16 August
5069:7 January
4920:17 August
4915:148538216
4864:17 August
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887:g
874:/
871:f
868:ɪ
865:ɡ
862:,
859:f
856:ɪ
850:/
842:/
839:f
836:ɪ
830:/
816:/
813:f
810:ɪ
804:,
801:f
798:ɪ
795:ɡ
792:/
786:g
776:g
766:/
763:f
760:ɪ
754:/
740:g
735:g
727:/
724:f
721:ɪ
718:ɡ
715:/
700:g
692:/
689:f
686:ɪ
680:/
670:G
657:g
640:/
637:f
634:ɪ
631:ɡ
628:/
617:g
600:/
597:f
594:ɪ
588:/
576:.
574:g
263:/
260:f
257:ɪ
251:/
236:/
233:f
230:ɪ
227:ɡ
224:/
216:(
164:)
141:)
111:/
23:.
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