625:
different concepts, however they are based on common principles. All schemes incorporate mechanisms of solidarity: solidarity between generations (principle of distribution) and solidarity within a single generation (large redistributions between different occupational groups and gender). These principles of solidarity occurs both in the regimes, between the regimes and beyond regimes at the national level. There are transfers between the schemes, and therefore solidarity between the basic schemes, as well as mechanisms for schemes coordination. Solidarity at the national level consists of the minimum old-age pension assigned to all seniors who have limited resources, paid by the solidarity fund retirement (which also pay some family benefits), but also of state subsidies granted to certain regimes (farmers, SNCF, RATP, mining, marine ...), and finally of various taxes allocated to pensions. The retirement system in France is organized into three levels: a compulsory system, a scheme often mandatory, and optional arrangements.
691:
190:
265:
527:
programs ; accommodation and treatment of children or adolescents with disabilities. In case of sickness, health insurance provides daily allowances to the insured who is in physical disability and unable to continue or resume work. The daily allowance depends on the daily earning and on the number of dependent children. Health insurance also manages maternity (expenses for examinations and daily allowance during maternity leave) disability: (pension granted when the person is unable to work) and deaths.
32:
132:
73:
531:
convention or authority. Health insurance does not support all the expenses within the rates used to calculate benefits. In principle, the insured is required to advance the expenses, social security then reimbursing the insured. However, there are some conventions of "third-party payer" providing direct payment for the body to the service.
390:.) On 9 April 1898, legislators required that employers purchase insurance for indemnity payments to injured employees. Then, on 5 April 1928, insurance was extended to cover illness, maternity, and death. On 30 April 1930, the law was again extended to apply to jobs in the agricultural sector. The bill was supported by
543:
From 2000 a universal health coverage has been in place, providing two fundamental rights for access to care: a right to health insurance for anyone in stable and regular residence in the territory and a right for the most disadvantaged, submitted to resources, to a free coverage, with exemption from
534:
Health insurance depends on his professional past or present of a person. However, for those not fulfilling the conditions of membership on a professional basis but residing in France for at least three months in a regular situation, there is universal coverage. The insured entitlement to benefits in
547:
The first component, for basic coverage, improves access to care for people suffering from extreme exclusion, but also many people temporarily or permanently deprived of the right to health insurance. It also introduced the principle of continuity of rights: a caisse can stop paying benefits only if
680:
The "assigned taxes" (19% of revenue) include various contributions and taxes used to finance social security. The most important is the general social contribution (CSG), based on all household incomes and contributing to the financing of health insurance, family benefits and
Retirement Solidarity
662:
The French system of Social
Security is financed largely by contributions based on the wages of employees. However, new funding policies have sought to broaden the base by taking into account all the household income while policies to promote employment led to lighten the burden of contributions on
564:
There are three social accidents for which the risk is better covered than by the accident assurance health insurance. The accident at work is the accident, whatever the cause, occurring because of or in connection with a job, to any person employed by one or more employers or entrepreneurs. Travel
314:
The main concept is that a unique and central institution will pay for all medical costs and pensions so as to provide an equal level of coverage to the whole population. All incomes (salaries, dividends...) are taxed to fund this system. The main advantage is that its negotiating power lowers very
530:
In order to be taken in charge by health insurance, care and products must meet two conditions: being provided by a public or private practitioner duly authorized to exercise, and being included on the list of reimbursable drugs and products. Health insurance operate on the basis of tariffs set by
526:
The sickness insurance covers the cost of general medicine and special care and dentures, Pharmaceutical expenses and equipment, analysis and laboratory tests; hospitalization and treatment heavy care facilities, rehabilitation, prenuptial examination vaccinations, tests done in public health
624:
All the schemes of basic and supplementary pensions in France work on the method of distribution. The schemes redistribute every year, in the form of pensions paid to retirees, contributions received that year from the assets. If the rules of the various pension plans in France correspond to
568:
In these three cases, industrial accident, travel from home, and occupational disease, medical care and vocational rehabilitation are totally taken in charge by the Social
Security. In case of permanent reduction of working capacity, the victim is entitled a capital (if the rate of permanent
366:
Alongside the movement for mutual, private social insurance, legislators pushed state-sponsored social aid, which tended to nurture the principle of national solidarity. The law of 15 July 1893, instituted free medical assistance; the law of 9 April 1898, considerably facilitated the worker
560:
The accident insurance and occupational diseases is a branch of social security often managed by the same agencies that the health branch. It is the oldest social security body. The legislation go back to 1898 and were included in the 31 December 1946 law creating the Social
Security.
565:
accident is an accident occurring on a route between work and home or during a mission on behalf of the employer. A professional disease is a disease of occupational origin and included in a list indicating any occupational diseases, their causes and the duration of incubation.
333:, certain professional organizations provided limited assistance to their members. However, the abolition of corporations by the Allarde decree, in 1791, put an end to this early system of private professional collective security. It was nevertheless replaced by the
551:
The second component, the creation of an additional free coverage, on behalf of national solidarity, is included in the management of care by health insurance. This reform affects 10% of the most disadvantaged people meeting the criteria of resources and residence.
535:
kind of health insurance and maternity his spouse or partner when it does not have a system of social protection, dependent children and any person taken in charge by the insured and who does not benefit from a system of social protection.
851:
In addition to the three main regimes there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system and which refused to be merged into the general system when it was created. The main special regimes are:
701:
The budget of the Social security system in France is separate from the budget of the state and is subject to a separate vote and an act of parliament (Loi de finances de la sécurité sociale). The 2010 budget amounted to 428 Bn
826:
Although the Social security system achieved surplus between 1999 and 2001 (thanks to the late 1990s economic recovery), it has since been repeatedly achieved important deficits, especially in 2009-2011 in the aftermath of the
315:
significantly the price of medicine and the system covers systematically all expenses without limit (100% coverage for any long term or critical problem such as diabetes, cancer....). The main drawback being the significant
673:
The "fictitious contributions" (8% of revenue) correspond in schemes employers (SNCF, RATP, EDF, ...) in funding by the employer of the scheme it manages. Indeed, the employer must ensure the balance of the
609:
Family benefits are granted to any French or foreign person residing in France, with a dependent child or children living in France under 20 (or 21 years for housing allowances to family and the Family).
645:(solidarity allowance for the elderly) (ASPA) is a French state pension for elderly people, whether former employees or not, on low incomes. It replaced the multiple components of the minimum pension (
444:, adopted by referendum in 1946, created a constitutional state obligation to provide financial assistance to those deemed most socially vulnerable, most notably women, children, and retired workers.
569:
disability is less than 10%), and an annuity (if the rate is more than 10%). In case of the death of the insured, the beneficiaries (spouse, children and descendants dependents) receive a pension.
311:: the General Regime, the Farm Regime, and the Self-employed Regime. In addition there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system in the mid-to-late 1940s.
413:
adopted plans to create a universal social security program to cover all citizens, regardless of class, in the event that sickness or injury made them unable to work. In the UK, the first
469:
17 January 1948 : established three retiree insurance programs for non-salaried, non-farm employees (artisans, industrial and commercial workers, and among the liberal professions)
433:
The Social
Security is financed by payments from both employers and their employees; it is administered and managed by all social partners, typically employee unions and/or companies.
487:
22 December 1966 : established mandatory insurance programs for farm-related accidents, non-work related accidents, and work-related sicknesses with free-choice of provider.
363:—organizations for collective social insurance—were permitted to offer loans to any French person, even if at the beginning, interest rates were too high for the average person.
292:) is divided by the French government into five branches: illness; old age/retirement; family; work accident; and occupational disease. From an institutional point of view,
459:, or special administrative bodies. Finally, the law of 22 May 1946, limited coverage under the unified s.s. program to employees of the industrial and commercial sectors
1138:
380:
The development of insurance companies, at the beginning of the 20th century, was also encouraged by legislation. (Note that insurance companies are profit driven, while
596:
The school allocation of available to children under 18 who continue their studies or placed under apprenticeship provided that their income does not exceed 55% of SMIC,
1125:
843:, Minister of Social Affairs and Health, announced in September 2016 that the Social Security budget would be balanced in 2017 for the first time in 16 years.
860:
499:
1997 : creation of the « vital card » : the certificate of affiliation to Social
Security issued to each insured person at the age of 16
1143:
447:
Nonetheless, social security was not entirely universal. The CNR program—the national resistance council—had envisioned universal social security, but the
1120:
936:
690:
496:
22 January 1978 : establishment of unique program for ministers, religious congregation members, and personal insurance other non-covered persons
641:
634:
1095:
1010:
1090:
453:, or unified social security program, actually created excluded miners, sailors, farmers, and government employees, all of whom were covered by
649:) from 1 January 2006. To qualify for ASPA, the recipient must live in France or French territory, and meet age and financial need criteria.
605:
The allocation of social housing in case of housing insalubrity to the elderly, the disabled, some unemployed and beneficiaries of the RMI.
1050:
677:
The "public contributions" (3% of revenue) represent direct payments to the state, including grants to individual special regimes balance
45:
870:
670:
The "actual contributions" (57% of total revenue) represent the contributions paid by the insured and employers to social security.
587:
The adopted child allowance attributed to parents adopting children since 2004. The PAJE replaced five previously existing benefits
421:
outlined the general principles that would govern the integration and evolution of social security in post-war France. Indeed, the
1168:
377:
also had, by the 1900s, the most extensive network of child welfare clinics and free or subsidized milk supplies in the world.
153:
140:
425:
of 4 and 19 April 1945, created a generalized, national social security system similar to that described in
Beveridge's plan.
599:
The lone parent allowance granted in case of insufficient resources to persons bearing the burden alone of at least one child
373:, a childbirth assistance program; and on 14 July 1905, an elderly and disabled persons assistance program was initiated.
345:
would thereafter be free from administrative control, and were encouraged by the law of 1 April 1898, referred to as the
509:
2017 : generalization of third-party payment (dispensation of advance fees) to all policyholders. (Decided in 2015)
1158:
490:
25 October 1972 : protection enforcement of salaried farm-workers against work-related accidents, written into law
590:
The special education allowance (AES) awarded to any person who is caring for a disabled child until the 20th birthday
987:
251:
233:
211:
171:
113:
59:
204:
484:
12 July 1966 : established maternity health insurance for non-salaried, non-farm workers, managed by the CANAM
1163:
481:
25 January 1961 : established mandatory health insurance for farmers, allowing them choice among providers.
95:
51:
1042:
593:
The maintenance allowance granted to the surviving spouse or parent or family home to raise an orphaned child
462:
In the following decades, the unified social security program would gradually be extended by various laws:
19:
This article is about a public institution. For information about the French social protection system, see
907:
20:
1100:
1017:
893:
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The Family
Complement assigned to the household or the person whose resources do not exceed a ceiling
339:, or societies for mutual support, recognized and strictly regulated by the 1835 Humann law. These
198:
149:
91:
581:
The family allowances granted from the 2nd dependent child, a fixed amount per child from the 3rd
1130:
666:
The income of social security schemes are traditionally divided along the following categories:
472:
10 July 1952 : established mandatory retiree insurance program for farmers, managed by the
856:
National Social security fund for the military (Caisse nationale militaire de sécurité sociale)
441:
437:
215:
931:
882:
Social security system for solicitors and lawyers (régime des clercs et employés de notaires)
512:
2021 : creation of the 5th branch dedicated to the autonomy of the elderly and disabled.
503:
1080:
8:
976:
83:
619:
983:
418:
410:
1085:
913:
Social security system of the port of
Bordeaux (régime du port autonome de Bordeaux)
876:
Fund for gas and electricity workers (régime des industries électriques et gazières)
264:
900:
886:
840:
493:
4 July 1975 : universalized retiree insurance mandatory for working population
414:
406:
395:
828:
296:
285:
879:
National
Institute for Navy (Établissement national des invalides de la marine)
399:
394:, who went on to serve as the French Prime Minister from 1942 to 1944, in the
1152:
1112:
391:
387:
916:
Fund for non-resident French nationals (Caisse des français de l'étranger)
869:
Fund of the independent Paris transportation system (régime spécial de la
1144:
Contains information on social security provisions in France in the 1970s
330:
993:
548:
another caisse takes over or if the insured person leaves the country.
351:, or Charter of mutuality. The 1898 law establishes the principles of
959:
866:
Mineworkers Social security fund (régime minier de sécurité sociale)
602:
The housing family allowance granted in case of housing insalubrity
466:
9 April 1947 : extended social security to government workers
1139:
Contains information on the history of social security in France
926:
374:
293:
275:
628:
402:
has called Laval "the father of social security" in France.
885:
Social Security system of the Bank of France (régime de la
1043:"Sécurité sociale : un retour à l'équilibre dès 2017"
896:(régime de la Chambre de commerce et d’industrie de Paris)
367:
compensation claims; the law of 27 June 1904, created the
502:
28 July 1999 : the complete institutialization of
1096:
Project for the financement of Social Security in 2009
982:(2nd ed.). Paris: Tallandier. pp. 53–88.
975:
969:
967:
937:Établissement national des invalides de la marine
1150:
1011:"Loi de Financement de la Sécurité Sociale 2012"
370:service départemental d'aide sociale à l'enfance
964:
324:
831:. The 2013 budget is forecast to reach 469 Bn
1131:Overview of the French Social Security System
1113:Portal of the Social Security administrations
861:Société nationale des chemins de fer français
695:Balance of the General Social Security scheme
642:Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées
635:Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées
538:
473:
454:
448:
381:
368:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
306:
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269:
94:. There might be a discussion about this on
1051:French Ministry for the Economy and Finance
629:Solidarity allowance for the elderly (ASPA)
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1005:
1003:
973:
357:, as they are found today in French law;
252:Learn how and when to remove this message
234:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
114:Learn how and when to remove this message
689:
305:. The system is divided into three main
263:
197:This article includes a list of general
1121:Getting informed about Health Insurance
516:
1151:
1000:
697:in billions of euros from 1998 to 2017
16:Overview of social security in France
555:
321:(albeit lower than that in the US).
183:
125:
66:
25:
859:Railway workers fund (Caisse de la
13:
1126:Key French Social Security Figures
910:(régime de l'Assemblée nationale),
846:
203:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1106:
1075:On the funding of Social Security
428:
41:This article has multiple issues.
956:Foundations of the Welfare State
657:
188:
130:
71:
30:
49:or discuss these issues on the
1101:Report by the Cour des Comptes
1091:The account of Social Security
1035:
949:
906:Social security system of the
899:Social security system of the
892:Social security system of the
409:, the National Council of the
1:
1169:Government agencies of France
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577:Family benefits consist of:
325:History of social protection
7:
1016:(in French). Archived from
920:
908:National Assembly of France
817:
812:
807:
795:
790:
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775:
772:
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336:sociétés de secours mutuels
21:Social protection in France
10:
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1069:
652:
632:
617:
613:
521:
475:mutualité sociale agricole
18:
1159:Social security in France
894:Paris Chamber of Commerce
835:and a deficit of 12.6 Bn
685:
572:
539:Universal Health Coverage
398:. As a result, historian
1081:National Assembly report
974:Kupferman, Fred (2015).
144:may need to be rewritten
218:more precise citations.
1164:French economic policy
782:Total (General regime)
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348:Charte de la mutualité
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504:universal health care
417:of British economist
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1053:. September 27, 2016
767:Workplace accidents
517:Allowances by branch
456:régimes particuliers
84:confusing or unclear
804:Total (All systems)
92:clarify the article
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647:Minimum Vieillesse
620:Pensions in France
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268:A building of the
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563:
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550:
546:
542:
533:
529:
525:
461:
446:
438:Constitution
435:
432:
422:
404:
392:Pierre Laval
388:cooperatives
379:
365:
328:
317:
313:
281:
280:
248:
230:
221:
202:
168:
159:
148:Please help
143:
141:lead section
110:
101:
90:Please help
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
1116:(in French)
663:low wages.
423:ordonnances
405:During the
331:Middle Ages
216:introducing
1153:Categories
1027:2023-08-19
994:Cairn.info
943:References
717:Resources
354:mutualisme
302:organismes
199:references
162:March 2013
104:March 2013
86:to readers
46:improve it
960:Pat Thane
739:Pensions
714:Spending
383:mutuelles
360:mutuelles
329:From the
224:June 2018
52:talk page
921:See also
720:Balance
342:sociétés
1070:Sources
1057:June 6,
753:Family
725:Health
674:scheme.
653:Funding
614:Old age
522:Disease
440:of the
308:Regimes
212:improve
82:may be
986:
927:Agessa
742:102,3
734:-11,6
731:141,8
728:153,4
686:Budget
573:Family
415:report
375:France
294:French
286:French
276:Rennes
201:, but
1021:(PDF)
1014:(PDF)
819:-25,5
814:402,0
809:427,5
797:-23,9
792:287,5
787:311,5
776:-0,7
773:10,5
770:11,2
762:-2,7
759:50,2
756:52,9
748:-8,9
745:93,4
681:Fund.
544:fee.
478:(MSA)
1059:2017
984:ISBN
871:RATP
639:The
436:The
386:are
318:cost
958:by
274:in
1155::
1045:.
1002:^
966:^
839:.
706:.
288::
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