269:
628:, and among the main ones are fires, deforestation and silting of rivers. There are several environmental problems on the planet. Problems such as atmospheric pollution, water pollution, fires and deforestation are increasingly frequent and affect the quality of life of humans and also other species. Brazil, like any country in the world, faces threats to the environment. According to a survey carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), 90% of Brazilian municipalities have environmental problems, and among the most reported are fires, deforestation and silting.
90:
66:
500:
17:
548:
197:
305:. Work under the age of 16 is forbidden by law, however Brazil has many cases of child labor. Children from large poor families start working from the age of 10 in order to help their parents, despite the law of compulsory education between the ages of 10 and 14. Other reasons for school non-attendance are the lack of sufficient school places and the high examination failure rate. Malnutrition also materially affects the intellectual development of
78:
660:
258:
178:
data from the new
National Survey on Food Insecurity in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Brazil, only 4 out of 10 families can access full access to food in the country. Hunger already affects 33.1 million people. The North and Northeast of Brazil are the most affected regions. Hunger in Brazil has returned to the level of the 1990s and women and black people are the ones who suffer the most.
492:
are forced to build temporary housing without proper utilities. These settlements are known as favelas. With a population of 12.7 million people, Rio de
Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil. With a combination of push and pull factors, urban migration to Rio account for over 65% of population growth. This has led to a serious shortage of proper housing.
239:
investment in the area of intelligence and also with a lack of investment in crime prevention. Still, Brazil needs improvements in the professionalization and organization of the public security system, from investigation to prosecution. penal law, as well as the country's own ability to effectively promote penalization in an effective way.
329:
enrolled. Bolsa Escola was a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that offered mothers in poor households a monthly stipend if their children ages 6 to 15 attended school on a regular basis. The program was implemented across all of Brazil between the years 2001 and 2003, until it was folded into the broader
231:
state of Acre, with less than 38% in the number of homicides. About 6 states of the federation had an increase in violent deaths - 4 of them are in the North region. the North was the only region of the country that recorded a rise in murders, with 10% the highest increase was registered in
Amazonas, with 54%.
238:
Even so, a series of problems persist in the country related to the excessive bureaucracy of the justice system, with successive increases in public investment in security forces, but with a lack of organization in the direction of these investments (management and control), especially with a lack of
234:
Specialists from the Center for the Study of
Violence at the University of São Paulo and the Brazilian Public Security Forum list some points to explain the numbers: Greater organization of criminal groups that sell drugs, thus promoting the reduction of violent crimes; Greater government control and
635:
Deforestation happens for several reasons. Among them, we can mention the expansion of agriculture, extraction of wood for commercial use, creation of hydroelectric plants, mining and expansion of cities. Deforestation harms the ecosystem in different ways, causing erosion, worsening desertification
615:
Among the main problems, the following stand out: 1. Staff of unqualified professionals; 2. Lack of doctors; 3. Long waiting time to receive treatment; 4. Poor management of time used in health activities; 5. Lack of beds in the health system; 6. Financial mismanagement; 7. Little humanized service;
491:
Rapid urbanisation and population growth have caused many problems in developing cities. As cities grow too rapidly, resources are not able to keep up with the swelling population. Housing is one of the major problems many developing cities are facing today. Migrants who cannot afford proper housing
328:
The situation has been improving over the past few years thanks to two official projects: Bolsa Escola, by which parents who keep their children in school and with good health receive a small allowance, and FUNDEF, by which municipalities receive federal funds in accordance to the number of children
177:
In recent years, the situation of poverty in Brazil has once again become a relevant social problem, even with the existence of government social programs that seek to address it. Food insecurity has worsened in Brazil, and hunger is even more present in the lives of
Brazilians in 2022. According to
46:
According to PNUD, in 1991, 99.2% of the municipalities had a low/very low HDI; but this number has fallen to 25.2% in 2010. On the other hand, the number of municipalities with high/very high HDI jumped from 0.2% in 1991 to 34.7% in 2010. In 2012, the
Brazilian HDI was 0.730, ranking 83rd worldwide
289:
Most primary schools are constitutionally maintained either by municipalities or the states. Both entities are obliged to apply at least 25% of their budgets in education. Since economic disparities exist between states, richer states and cities have more money to deliver quality education, whereas
242:
Several penal reforms have been carried out year after year, since the country's redemocratization (1985), with the objective of promoting the decriminalization and reintegration of prisoners into society, however, in part due to the seriousness of Brazil's social problems and the low effectiveness
495:
Brazil's housing deficit is around 7 million units. "Housing deficit" here refers to the number of shelters which do not have adequate conditions to be habitable, plus the number of housing units that need to be built to shelter all families who currently lack one and, as a result, share a shelter
235:
influence over criminals; Settlement of conflicts between factions; Creation of public policy programs focused on combating specific crimes; Reduction in the number of young people in the population; Creation of a federal public security system, changes in the rules for transferring public funds,
611:
The
Unified Health System (SUS), created in 1988, aims to serve the entire population free of charge. Unfortunately, this is not always possible, and many hospitals are overcrowded, without adequate equipment and professionals in sufficient numbers to attend to them. To get an idea, the Brazilian
602:
Without the proper collection of dirty water and the guarantee of receiving clean piped water, diseases proliferate.In this case, regional disparities are evident. While in the
Southeast region, 91% of the homes are connected to the sewage network, in the North region, only 7.1% of the homes have
230:
The data show that the country had 41,069 murders in 2021, the lowest number in the entire historical series, which started in 2007, there were 3,049 fewer deaths compared to 2020, a drop of 7%, 21 states in the country had a reduction in murders in the year the biggest drop was registered in the
158:
Along with the problem of poverty, Brazil is among the ten most unequal countries in the world, according to the
Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea) of Brazil. Brazil has 0.539 by the Gini index, based on 2018 data. It is among the ten most unequal countries in the world, being the only
154:
index of inequality assessment. A study on the subject shows that the poor segment constitutes roughly one third of the population, and the extremely poor make out 13% (2005 figures). However, the same study shows the income growth of the poorest 20% population segment to be almost in par with
631:
Fires are generally used to clear a certain area, renew pastures and facilitate the harvesting of products such as sugarcane. This practice can be harmful to the ecosystem, as it increases the risks of erosion, kills microorganisms that live in the soil, removes nutrients and causes atmospheric
511:
As it stands, it has been identified that 84% of the housing deficit in Brazil is concentrated on families earning less than three times the minimum wage (a minimum wage is around $ 360 per month). Caught in the poverty cycle, families' incomes are structurally limited and as a result they are
643:
Although these are the most reported, it does not mean that they are the only environmental problems faced in our country. We can also cite as threats to the environment: water pollution, which causes diseases and damage to the supply, atmospheric pollution, responsible for a high incidence of
111:
in the country's metropolitan areas and remote upcountry regions that suffer with economic underdevelopment and below-par standards of living. In Rio de
Janeiro, about a fifth of its population of six million live in several hundred favelas, situated on steep, neglected land largely beyond the
507:
Many city dwellers build their own houses in shanty towns with scrap materials such as iron sheets and wood. Basic sanitation, water, electricity and sewage system may not be available, thereby leading to a spread of diseases. Such units are also overpopulated and located in areas not fit for
508:
residential use (such as flood zones, areas subject to land slides, public rights-of-ways, etc.) and need to be replaced or evicted. The favelas are not built according to any laws or safety regulations, and thus residents are constantly at risk of being killed in landslides or fires.
312:
The standards of primary and secondary public education have been falling over the past decades. Since the country invested little in education, public education's standards dropped and the middle class moved their children to private schools. Nowadays, practically all the
639:
The Sedimentation occurs with the accumulation of sediments in aquatic environments. Its impacts on the environment are large, such as obstruction of water courses, destruction of aquatic habitats, damage to water intended for consumption and transmission of pollutants.
598:
is a reality in many homes in Brazil. According to data carried out by the National Basic Sanitation Survey and the Sanitation Supplement of the Municipal Basic Information Survey, in 2017, about 39.7% of Brazilian municipalities did not have sanitary sewage service.
162:
When the range is expanded from 1% to the richest 10% of Brazilians, the participation in the country's income rises to 41.9% of the total. In other words, the other 90% of the population earn less than 60% of the total income, just to show such a disparity.
519:. Rocinha is one of the largest favelas in Brazil. Located in the southern area of Rio de Janeiro, it is built on a steep hillside overlooking the city. Although official datasets are hard to obtain, it is believed that over 150,000 people reside there.
3823:
522:
This rapid rate of illegal occupation of urban land has led to serious problems not only for the residents, but also for the entire city at large as well as the city's landscape and the natural environment of the surrounding areas.
159:
Latin American in the list where Africans appear. Brazil is more unequal than Botswana, with 0.533 according to the Gini index, a small country neighboring South Africa with just over two million inhabitants.
243:
of the justice system, only the most visible and violent behaviors are punished, especially among the poorest. The punishment of white collar crimes is the exception, usually occurring in high profile cases.
2711:
3813:
1078:
2718:
2697:
3818:
2704:
3675:
1036:
2730:
2527:
882:
824:
616:
8. Scarce emergency care; 9. High number of deaths; 10. Pandemic as an accelerating factor for public health problems (Hospital overcrowding; Outdated infrastructure).
3765:
2738:
3750:
2065:
343:
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Brazil is doing 86.8% of what should be possible at its level of income for the right to education.
1228:
1178:
1128:
317:
sends their children to private schools. Costs may vary from as little as R$ 600 (US$ 240) p.a. in smaller cities to R$ 30,000 (US$ 17,000) p.a. in
810:
738:
3027:
612:
Society of Pediatrics (SBP) recommends 4 beds for every thousand live births. However, in the Brazilian public system, this number is 1.5 beds.
3712:
3524:
135:
The Lula administration (2003–2011) reduced 9.8% the rate of poverty based on labor income during June 2002 and June 2006 according to
1253:
868:
2512:
763:
1553:
1203:
1153:
1033:
581:. A more recent phenomenon is the occupation of buildings in city centres by organised groups. In rural areas across the country, the
3472:
526:
The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that Brazil is doing 89.1% of what should be possible at its level of income for the
60:
2021:
1103:
227:
More than 800,000 people were murdered in Brazil between 1980 and 2004. There were a total of 63,880 murders in Brazil in 2018.
2999:
2216:
2171:
1528:
2537:
1842:
595:
557:
is the occupation of unused or derelict buildings or land without the permission of the owner. After attempting to eradicate
3451:
2206:
2095:
147:
340:
project, aiming at providing low cost laptops to poor children in developing countries, but the program is moving slowly.
132:
program that gives money to impoverished families under the condition that they keep their kids vaccinated and in school.
2314:
1578:
826:
The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil's Bolsa Família Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context
1798:
1771:
1867:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries"
1679:"Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries"
3705:
3517:
2855:
1423:"A (in)efetividade da justiça criminal brasileira Uma análise do fluxo de justiça dos homicídios no Distrito Federal"
840:
786:
166:
The Brazilian federal government has also implemented and expanded in the last years major subsidy programs, such as
43:
index, with the richest 10% of Brazilians earning 43% of the nation's income, the poorest 34% earn less than 1.2%.
3846:
2398:
2156:
1057:
3679:
2090:
1978:
678:
208:
Brazil has serious problems with crime. With roughly 23.8 homicides per 100,000 residents, muggings, robberies,
136:
3431:
2994:
2565:
2149:
625:
217:
2678:
673:
3274:
2943:
2765:
2760:
2673:
2355:
2050:
1820:
582:
286:
is free at all levels. Primary education is compulsory as per the article 208 of the Brazilian Constitution.
3698:
3510:
3376:
2959:
2625:
2413:
2262:
2055:
1944:
119:
3589:
2933:
2502:
2309:
2282:
2272:
2257:
2176:
2014:
143:
56:
3851:
3790:
3735:
2974:
2903:
2620:
2450:
2365:
2350:
742:
683:
3780:
3770:
3755:
2923:
2691:
2645:
2635:
2375:
2299:
2186:
2166:
2085:
956:
713:
191:
129:
94:
1300:
3785:
3760:
3740:
3727:
2979:
2964:
2436:
2196:
2132:
2075:
3607:
3062:
2743:
561:
in the 1960s and 1970s, local governments transitioned to a policy of toleration. Cities such as
3627:
3462:
3295:
3259:
3178:
3158:
3153:
3093:
2928:
2893:
2532:
2482:
2360:
2304:
2267:
2247:
2242:
2007:
1382:"Tendências do controle penal na época contemporânea: reformas penais no Brasil e na Argentina"
981:
693:
268:
1919:
3775:
3497:
3456:
3123:
3103:
2848:
2570:
2497:
2345:
2277:
2144:
1628:
1287:
931:
25:
3436:
3386:
3341:
3311:
3290:
3188:
3183:
3133:
2883:
2655:
2600:
2472:
2467:
2122:
574:
337:
89:
8:
3801:
3541:
3533:
3441:
3406:
3366:
3351:
3331:
3173:
3163:
3108:
3077:
3067:
3037:
2989:
2898:
2640:
2615:
2507:
2487:
2428:
2319:
2289:
2252:
2139:
2105:
1727:
1529:"O déficit na criminalização dos crimes de colarinho branco - Jus.com.br | Jus Navigandi"
1044:
554:
540:
252:
221:
65:
1653:
112:
control and services of city authorities. An attempt to mitigate these problems is the "
3487:
3381:
3356:
3316:
3269:
3254:
3239:
3224:
3193:
3148:
3098:
3057:
3047:
3022:
2755:
2683:
2665:
2630:
2580:
2462:
2408:
2380:
2230:
2211:
804:
3492:
3361:
3326:
3321:
3264:
3249:
3244:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3138:
3118:
3072:
2984:
2938:
2878:
2808:
2801:
2595:
2557:
2418:
2333:
2191:
2161:
2127:
2042:
2034:
1510:
1444:
1403:
1362:
792:
782:
757:
216:
and corruption are widespread. In response, the Brazilian government established the
2403:
1505:
1488:
1439:
1422:
1398:
1381:
1179:"Brasil investe R$ 160 bilhões em segurança, mas só R$ 1,9 bilhão em inteligência"
1129:"Brasil investe R$ 160 bilhões em segurança, mas só R$ 1,9 bilhão em inteligência"
3579:
3477:
3346:
3234:
3198:
3168:
3143:
3128:
3113:
3052:
3042:
3032:
2969:
2918:
2841:
2590:
2585:
2492:
2385:
2370:
2070:
1500:
1434:
1393:
1352:
1020:
688:
527:
499:
352:
279:
213:
151:
40:
2542:
1279:
994:
330:
167:
124:
3690:
3653:
3612:
3482:
3446:
3421:
3371:
3336:
2913:
2888:
2817:
2750:
2650:
2610:
2547:
2477:
2060:
1314:
1040:
883:"Recordista em desigualdade, país estuda alternativas para ajudar os mais pobres"
187:
1749:
1079:"Número de assassinatos cai 7% no Brasil em 2021 e é o menor da série histórica"
3622:
3617:
3602:
2390:
2201:
1357:
1340:
648:, triggered mainly by the accumulation of garbage and the use of pesticide
645:
636:
processes, changes in rainfall, reduced biodiversity, silting of rivers, etc.
566:
322:
262:
201:
29:
3840:
3467:
2908:
2822:
2575:
2294:
1514:
1448:
1407:
1366:
796:
665:
357:
Table 1. Infant Mortality Rates by Regions of Brazil (per 1,000 live births)
1775:
907:
864:
Ricardo Paes de Barros, Mirela de Carvalho, Samuel Franco, Rosane Mendonça:
3648:
3559:
3426:
2117:
1603:
1007:
314:
298:
82:
2770:
570:
318:
273:
139:. In June 2006, the rate of extreme poverty was 18.57% of the population.
16:
2605:
3411:
2517:
2080:
1104:"Lentidão e burocracia desmotivam pessoas a irem à Justiça, diz estudo"
209:
196:
3502:
1866:
1678:
77:
3569:
2775:
1462:
1034:
BRAZIL: Youth Still in Trouble, Despite Plethora of Social Programmes
291:
171:
114:
3632:
3574:
3549:
2181:
547:
306:
70:
1999:
1341:"REFORMAS DA JUSTIÇA PENAL NO BRASIL – A DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO INACABADA"
3597:
3564:
3554:
3416:
2864:
2780:
578:
516:
257:
3676:
List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
2030:
562:
302:
283:
103:
36:
21:
1579:"Mensalão x Lava Jato: compare os casos que chocaram o Brasil"
1254:"POR QUE O SISTEMA DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA É INEFICAZ NO BRASIL?"
1058:"A Year of Violence Sees Brazil's Murder Rate Hit Record High"
1890:
1702:
866:
A Importância da Queda Recente da Desigualdade para a Pobreza
558:
1554:"Punição aos crimes do colarinho branco: o que falta fazer?"
1463:"Entendendo a Violência do Rio: A Criminalização da Pobreza"
483:
Source: Fundação IBGE, Census of Population, 1991 and 2000.
1945:"Conheça os 9 maiores problemas de saúde pública no Brasil"
1315:"5 razões por trás da crise de segurança pública no Brasil"
142:
The rate of poverty is in part attributed to the country's
108:
2833:
1799:"Low Income Housing in Brazil: The Case of São Sebastião"
1229:"O que mostram os gastos do Brasil com segurança pública"
224:, to act in situations of emergency, in times of crisis.
1489:"O controle da pobreza operado através do sistema penal"
101:
Poverty in Brazil is most visually represented by the
655:
174:, for families deemed to be in need of assistance.
838:
496:with another household in over crowded conditions.
50:
3720:
1204:"Brasil gasta muito e mal com a segurança pública"
1154:"Brasil gasta muito e mal com a segurança pública"
1769:
3838:
779:The world transformed : 1945 to the present
1339:de Azevedo, Rodrigo Ghiringhelli (2017-01-01).
1818:
301:is one of the biggest educational problems in
3706:
3518:
2849:
2015:
1280:"A INEFICÁCIA DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL"
155:China, while the richest 10% are stagnating.
3825:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
809:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
515:An example of one such favela in Brazil is
3713:
3699:
3525:
3511:
2856:
2842:
2022:
2008:
1338:
1504:
1438:
1397:
1380:Azevedo, Rodrigo Ghiringhelli de (2004).
1356:
949:
829:, IBRD 2007 paper, retrieved June 8, 2007
619:
150:among the world's highest nations in the
3473:Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas
714:"Pnad 2008 - Atualidades - UOL Educação"
546:
498:
267:
256:
195:
88:
76:
64:
61:List of Brazilian states by poverty rate
15:
3532:
1486:
1379:
503:Distribution of wealth in Brazil (2017)
3839:
3000:Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
1277:
762:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
585:(MST) arranges large land occupations.
294:will be generally of lower standards.
3694:
3506:
2837:
2003:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1951:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-09-16
1914:
1912:
1910:
1772:"Terrible Shack Fire in Kennedy Road"
1725:
1585:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2015-03-04
1560:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2019-03-18
1469:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2016-08-29
1427:Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais
1420:
1278:Araujo, Pablo De Souza (2019-07-01).
1073:
1071:
297:School non-attendance by absence and
118:" program launched by then-President
3452:Self-perceived quality-of-life scale
1840:
877:
875:
290:in the poorer cities and States the
2096:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
2029:
1843:"Poverty and some reasons for hope"
1654:"One Laptop Per Child gains ground"
346:
13:
3680:Deprivation and poverty indicators
1979:"Problemas ambientais brasileiros"
1962:
1907:
1796:
1747:
1421:Costa, Arthur Trindade M. (2015).
1068:
1008:"Police brutality in urban Brazil"
995:"Gang violence grips Brazil state"
982:"Brazil's evolving kidnap culture"
776:
181:
14:
3863:
2091:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
1604:"Schools and Education in Brazil"
872:
3028:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2076:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
777:H., Hunt, Michael (2015-06-26).
658:
539:This section is an excerpt from
93:São Sebastião, poor town in the
51:Poverty and income concentration
1937:
1883:
1859:
1834:
1812:
1790:
1763:
1750:"Analyzing the Housing Deficit"
1741:
1719:
1695:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1596:
1571:
1546:
1521:
1506:10.1590/S1414-49802010000200011
1480:
1455:
1440:10.15448/1984-7289.2015.1.17088
1414:
1399:10.1590/S0102-88392004000100006
1373:
1332:
1307:
1271:
1246:
1221:
1196:
1171:
1146:
1121:
1096:
1050:
1026:
1013:
1000:
987:
974:
336:Brazil is participating of the
261:Students in a public school in
3721:Social issues in South America
2995:Multidimensional Poverty Index
1891:"Brazil - HRMI Rights Tracker"
1703:"Brazil - HRMI Rights Tracker"
924:
900:
858:
832:
817:
770:
731:
706:
624:Most Brazilian municipalities
512:unable afford proper housing.
218:National Public Security Force
212:and gang violence are common.
1:
2944:Sustainable Development Goals
1920:"Problemas Sociais do Brasil"
1821:"Favela Case Study - Rocinha"
699:
589:
2960:Homeless Vulnerability Index
679:July 2006 São Paulo violence
533:
246:
7:
3432:Welfare's effect on poverty
2934:List of basic income models
2863:
2538:Water supply and sanitation
2086:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
2061:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
908:"Fome Zero - Bolsa Família"
674:May 2006 São Paulo violence
651:
626:face environmental problems
220:(FNSP) in June 2004 by the
57:Income inequality in Brazil
10:
3868:
2975:Genuine progress indicator
2904:Climate change and poverty
2066:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
1871:humanrightsmeasurement.org
1683:humanrightsmeasurement.org
1487:Kilduff, Fernanda (2010).
1358:10.1016/j.acso.2016.12.001
684:Social apartheid in Brazil
644:respiratory diseases, and
583:Landless Workers' Movement
538:
486:
350:
250:
185:
122:in 2003. Part of this is "
54:
3799:
3726:
3668:
3641:
3608:African sleeping sickness
3588:
3540:
3399:
3304:
3283:
3207:
3086:
3015:
3008:
2952:
2924:Guaranteed minimum income
2871:
2795:
2664:
2556:
2458:
2449:
2427:
2341:
2332:
2320:President of the Republic
2238:
2229:
2113:
2104:
2041:
1985:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1926:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1535:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1321:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1260:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1235:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1210:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1185:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1160:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1135:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1110:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1085:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
889:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
839:Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
606:
200:The scene of a murder in
192:Law enforcement in Brazil
120:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
20:Precarious houses in the
2980:Legatum Prosperity Index
2965:Misery index (economics)
2243:Administrative divisions
1386:São Paulo em Perspectiva
842:FGV - Gráfico da Miséria
596:lack of basic sanitation
3847:Social issues in Brazil
3654:Priority review voucher
1770:Abahlali baseMjondolo.
137:Fundação Getúlio Vargas
2929:Universal basic income
2894:Disability and poverty
2399:Science and technology
2081:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
1295:Cite journal requires
1019:Amnesty International
694:Human rights in Brazil
620:Environmental problems
552:
504:
276:
265:
205:
98:
86:
74:
33:
3498:List of global issues
3457:Subjective well-being
1633:www1.folha.uol.com.br
550:
502:
271:
260:
199:
92:
80:
68:
55:Further information:
47:and considered high.
19:
3437:Criticism of welfare
2884:Concentrated poverty
2217:World Heritage Sites
2150:Environmental issues
2123:Brazilian Antarctica
1819:Internet Geography.
1023:retrieved 2007-08-24
1021:"Violence in Brazil"
1010:retrieved 2007-08-24
1006:Human Rights Report
997:retrieved 2007-08-22
984:retrieved 2007-08-24
957:"No end of Violence"
823:World Bank website,
575:informal settlements
338:One Laptop Per Child
3542:Diseases of poverty
3534:Diseases of poverty
3468:Rural access issues
3407:Theories of poverty
2990:Human Poverty Index
2899:Diseases of poverty
2766:Syncretic Religions
2674:Freedom of religion
2356:Automotive industry
1841:Maricato, Erminia.
1778:on 14 February 2012
1726:Brinkhoff, Thomas.
718:educacao.uol.com.br
555:Squatting in Brazil
541:Squatting in Brazil
272:A public school in
253:Education in Brazil
222:Ministry of Justice
144:economic inequality
3590:Neglected diseases
3575:Diarrheal diseases
3488:Culture of poverty
2726:Eastern Orthodoxy
2719:Ukrainian Catholic
2414:Telecommunications
2071:Empire (1822–1889)
2056:Indigenous peoples
1108:Consultor Jurídico
1062:The New York Times
1039:2013-10-29 at the
932:"Olhe para a fome"
912:bolsa-familia.info
553:
505:
277:
266:
206:
99:
87:
75:
39:ranks 49.3 in the
34:
26:Complexo do Alemão
3852:Poverty in Brazil
3834:
3833:
3806:other territories
3688:
3687:
3662:
3661:
3493:Causes of poverty
3395:
3394:
2985:Poverty gap index
2939:Poverty reduction
2879:Measuring poverty
2831:
2830:
2791:
2790:
2733:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2698:Armenian Catholic
2503:Income inequality
2445:
2444:
2328:
2327:
2315:Political parties
2310:National Congress
2273:Freedom of speech
2258:Foreign relations
2225:
2224:
1895:rightstracker.org
1728:"City Population"
1707:rightstracker.org
1658:theregister.co.uk
1495:(in Portuguese).
1493:Revista Katálysis
1429:(in Portuguese).
1388:(in Portuguese).
1347:(in Portuguese).
1064:. 10 August 2018.
1047:. March 30, 2007.
481:
480:
3859:
3826:
3814:Falkland Islands
3728:Sovereign states
3715:
3708:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3478:Post-materialism
3013:
3012:
2970:Gini coefficient
2919:Cycle of poverty
2858:
2851:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2811:
2804:
2729:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2621:National symbols
2456:
2455:
2394:
2366:Economic history
2351:Animal husbandry
2339:
2338:
2236:
2235:
2111:
2110:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1975:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1916:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1774:. Archived from
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1748:Carlos, Arenas.
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1608:brazilbrazil.com
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1508:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1345:Acta Sociológica
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1048:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
978:
972:
971:
969:
968:
963:. April 12, 2007
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
904:
898:
897:
895:
894:
879:
870:
862:
856:
855:
853:
852:
847:
836:
830:
821:
815:
814:
808:
800:
774:
768:
767:
761:
753:
751:
750:
741:. Archived from
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
710:
689:Racism in Brazil
668:
663:
662:
661:
528:right to housing
360:
359:
353:Health in Brazil
347:Infant mortality
280:Public education
214:Police brutality
152:Gini coefficient
95:Federal District
41:Gini coefficient
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3807:
3805:
3795:
3722:
3719:
3689:
3684:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3637:
3623:River blindness
3613:Schistosomiasis
3584:
3536:
3531:
3447:Quality of life
3422:Welfare culture
3391:
3300:
3279:
3203:
3082:
3004:
2948:
2914:Chronic poverty
2889:Cost of poverty
2867:
2862:
2832:
2827:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2787:
2660:
2646:Science fiction
2636:Public holidays
2552:
2513:Life expectancy
2441:
2423:
2392:
2324:
2300:Law enforcement
2221:
2207:Water resources
2187:Protected areas
2100:
2037:
2028:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1949:Blog da Medilab
1943:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1797:Flavio, Malta.
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1485:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1419:
1415:
1378:
1374:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1322:
1319:BBC News Brasil
1313:
1312:
1308:
1296:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:Wayback Machine
1031:
1027:
1018:
1014:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
979:
975:
966:
964:
955:
954:
950:
941:
939:
938:(in Portuguese)
930:
929:
925:
916:
914:
906:
905:
901:
892:
890:
881:
880:
873:
863:
859:
850:
848:
845:
837:
833:
822:
818:
802:
801:
789:
781:. p. 443.
775:
771:
755:
754:
748:
746:
739:"Archived copy"
737:
736:
732:
722:
720:
712:
711:
707:
702:
664:
659:
657:
654:
622:
609:
603:this service.
592:
587:
586:
551:Brazil on globe
544:
536:
489:
355:
349:
255:
249:
194:
188:Crime in Brazil
186:Main articles:
184:
182:Crime in Brazil
63:
53:
12:
11:
5:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3618:Dracunculiasis
3615:
3610:
3605:
3603:Chagas disease
3600:
3594:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3275:United Kingdom
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2437:Rail transport
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2283:Women's rights
2280:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Largest cities
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Extreme points
2154:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2133:Climate change
2125:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1983:Mundo Educação
1961:
1936:
1906:
1882:
1858:
1833:
1811:
1789:
1762:
1740:
1718:
1694:
1670:
1645:
1629:"Folha Online"
1620:
1595:
1570:
1545:
1520:
1499:(2): 240–249.
1479:
1454:
1413:
1372:
1331:
1306:
1297:|journal=
1270:
1245:
1220:
1195:
1170:
1145:
1120:
1095:
1067:
1049:
1025:
1012:
999:
986:
973:
948:
923:
899:
887:Senado Federal
871:
857:
831:
816:
787:
769:
730:
704:
703:
701:
698:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
670:
669:
653:
650:
646:soil pollution
621:
618:
608:
605:
591:
588:
567:Rio de Janeiro
545:
537:
535:
532:
488:
485:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
462:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
411:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
351:Main article:
348:
345:
323:Rio de Janeiro
263:Belo Horizonte
251:Main article:
248:
245:
202:Rio de Janeiro
183:
180:
52:
49:
30:Rio de Janeiro
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3864:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3819:French Guiana
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:Miscellaneous
3640:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:Leishmaniasis
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3516:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:United States
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
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1987:. Retrieved
1982:
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460:31.00
457:38.60
454:59.59
451:92.22
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440:28.93
437:51.69
434:80.95
431:South
426:27.46
423:34.42
420:61.08
417:97.34
409:64.25
406:74.35
403:71.01
392:41.14
389:48.93
380:North
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2295:Law
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