318:
970:
relationship between the federal center and municipalities enabled a direct relationship between citizens and the government. The hardening budget constraints put in place by
Cardoso's administration to stabilize macroeconomic performance gave municipalities an incentive to collaborate with the central government. Their collaboration helps them meet their required percent that they are legally required to spend on social assistance. Municipalities that adhere to the program sign a covenant with the federal government, which guarantees the program's promotion and availability of public services.
325:
1064:"This concept has always been controversial in Brazil. In other countries it is not this way, but in Brazil there has always been resistance. When I was in college they (the opponents to the concept of money transfers) used to say: 'the first thing the poor will do with the money is to get themselves drunk'. Later on, it was no longer getting drunk that people talked about; they would say the money transferred would be used by the poor to buy a battery radio. They assumed that people with less education would not use their money wisely."
665:
934:
1186:, inaugurated in June 2005, collaborates with the Bolsa Familia program, consolidating the various income transfer programs - previously dispersed - reducing their failures and duplication of coverage, strengthening the Scholarship management system To the family and identifying its target audience, as well as developing and monitoring a scientific method to evaluate the effects of the program, and strengthening the basic institutional aspects of its administration.
604:
3772:
28:
837:
1074:
money, families would get together to do house-raising, each month on somebody's house. Or families would save for months, to be able to buy a popcorn wagon for a youth who now had to start working. At the same time other programs, which provided food, failed because they did not take into account regional habits. Here in São Paulo, for instance, the
Federal Government distributed tons of black beans, which are only eaten in Rio. People threw it away.
1105:), when asked in an interview if she agreed that Bolsa Família is just a form of charity, answered as follows: "I travel a lot around Brazil and see many places where the average monthly income is BRL 50 (approximately US$ 26.32). In these places the Bolsa Familia comes in and adds an extra BRL 58. It makes all the difference in the world and adds a lot for the needy population. What is more important is that it promotes a
390:
1202:
616:
592:
580:
696:
3782:
821:
710:
987:, using sophisticated statistical methods, inferred that 87% of the money is used, by families living in rural areas, to buy food. Data from 2014 to 2015 showed that 3.8% of the population (7.6 million people) still earns less than US$ 1 a day, and this is linked to malnutrition, that is still a problem in Brazil and responsible by 4.3 deaths per 100,000 people per year.
898:(poverty line, ~US$ 28) a monthly stipend of $ 32 BRL (~US$ 6) per vaccinated child (< 16 years old) attending school (up to 5), and $ 38 BRL (~US$ 8) per youth (16 or 17 years old) attending school (up to 2). Furthermore, to families whose per-capita monthly income below $ 70 BRL (extreme poverty line, ~US$ 14), the program gives the Basic Benefit $ 70 BRL per month.
857:
Cardoso social program called "Rede de Proteção Social". This also meant the creation of a new
Ministry – the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (Ministry for Social Development and Confronting Hunger). This merger reduced administrative costs and also eased bureaucratic complexity for both the families involved and the administration of the program.
954:
central government. This is allowed because of a weak, fragmented, institutionalized party system. Fragmentation makes it difficult for a non-consensual form to reach the central level, creating a policy challenge for national leaders. Fragmentation also makes it difficult for national leaders to reach a consensus when creating policies.
1190:
the Bolsa Família will have to face in the future, such as clear definition of objectives, monitoring and evaluation, to ensure that the program does not become an isolated island ", but is complemented by investments in education, health and infrastructure, helping families, in their words" to graduate "(i.e., to leave) of the program.
966:
governors demonstrates that federalism in Brazil is a three-level game. In addition, state brokers cannot claim credit because it cuts out the intermediaries. Bolsa Família resolved intra-bureaucratic chaos by creating one program controlled by the national executive branch. It reduced administrative costs and facilitated user access.
812:, formally ending Bolsa Família. However, after Lula's reelection as president of Brazil in 2022, he declared that he would rename the program back to Bolsa Família, putting an end to Auxílio Brasil. In 2023, the second version of the program is launched with the promise of financial transfers of at least 600 Brazilian Real.
1173:
According to a 2023 study, 64% of the poor kids and teens (7 to 16 year-old) who were enrolled in Bolsa
Familia back in 2005 had already left the family cash transfer program by 2019, contradicting previous criticism that the program's recipients would intentionally fail to find jobs in order to keep
1165:
One positive effect of the program which is not immediately apparent is that it makes a significant impact on the ability of the poorest families to eat. Children in public schools receive one free meal a day—two in the poorest areas—so less of their family's limited income is needed to pay for food.
965:
As a redistributive program, Bolsa
Familia depends on central-local collaboration. Municipal governments act as the main agents of the federal government. Bolsa Família avoids negotiations between the executive and legislative branches. The central government's ability to bypass twenty-seven powerful
1189:
The World Bank studies reveal that, although the program is very new, positive measurable results have already been recorded in the consumption of food, in the quality of the diet and in the growth of children. Kathy
Lindert, head of the Bolsa Familia project team, lists a series of challenges that
953:
Brazil has a strong federal system defined as the resource base of states, the power of governors, the articulation of subnational interests within the
Brazilian National Congress, and the distribution of government across three levels of government. Hence, state governors are able to constrain the
881:
are social policies currently employed in many places in the world to fight and reduce poverty. In the short term, the aim is to mitigate the problems resulting from poverty. In the long term, the goal is to invest in human capital and interrupt the transgenerational cycle of poverty (i.e. from one
1166:
In a survey of Bolsa
Familia recipients, 82.4% reported eating better; additionally, it was reported to increase the incomes of the poorer families by about 25%. Recipients of Bolsa Familia were found to have 6 percent higher food expenditure and 9.4% total energy availability than non-recipients.
973:
The federal center and municipalities’ abilities to collaborate with each other have facilitated Brazil's capability to build an effective welfare policy for the poor. The existence of a power sharing logic in Brazil enabled a widespread means tested social program that was able to achieve success
969:
Aside from the ability to bypass state involvement, there are additional enabling factors such as the interaction of a non-majoritarian system of government and fiscal incentives for central-local collaborations. Because of these factors, Bolsa Família helped reduce hunger and poverty. The dynamic
957:
Cash transfer programs had previously existed in the
Cardoso administration - Bolsa Escola, Bolsa Alimentação, Auxílio Gás. Most of these early programs faced internal organization challenges. Bolsa Escola was superior to other programs because it applied to all citizens and both supported and was
1482:
Family allowance - Brazil is renowned for its massive, nearly 2-decade-old cash-transfer program for the poor, Bolsa Família (often translated as "family allowance"). As of March, it reached 13.8 million families, paying an average of $ 34 per month. (The national minimum wage is about $ 190 per
1073:
Q. Does that resistance make sense? A: No. In the 1980s (São Paulo State) Governor Franco
Montoro had created a money transfer program to benefit families which were receiving their sons back home, coming out of "FEBEM" (the Brazilian punitive institution for minors). As it was very, very little
856:
federalized the program, increasing to attend approximately 8 million people. In 2003, Lula formed Bolsa Família by combining Bolsa Escola with Bolsa Alimentação and Cartão Alimentação and Auxílio Gas (a transfer to compensate for the end of federal gas subsidies), all part of Fernando Henrique
1169:
In 2018, it was found that an increase in the Bolsa Família coverage was associated with a reduction in suicide rates between 2004 and 2012 even when controlling for socio-economic, demographic and social welfare factors. It was also shown that the reduction in suicide rates increased when high
1080:
The Bolsa Família Program is far from being universally accepted by the Brazilian society. Among the various criticisms it receives, one of the most recurrent is the assertion that it could discourage the search for employment, encouraging laziness. Under this premise, many people would give up
961:
During Lula's first administration, his goal was to create a social program to replace the three previously existing programs of Cardoso's government. He unified all prior programs to create one and provided a monetary amount per month that would allow households to rise above the poverty line.
1134:
The World Bank, which provided a loan to assist the Brazilian government in managing the Bolsa Família Program, declares that "Although the program is relatively young, some results are already apparent: (...) contributions to improved education outcomes, and impacts on children’s growth, food
999:
Brazil is already exporting this technology that it has developed for similar income transfer programs. In August 2007, it signed a technical cooperation agreement with the Dominican Republic. The partnership includes the Brazilian aid in the modernization of the system of registrations of the
995:
A system of control and monitoring of the Bolsa Família Program was inaugurated in December 2006, which uses satellites and the internet via radio waves, which allows the exchange of data with the Municipalities of more remote locations, even in that there is no electricity or telephone.
2124:
1100:
Many Brazilians recognize that the Bolsa Família program has potential for reducing absolute poverty and to reduce inter-generational transmission of poverty. For one example among many, Renata de Camargo Nacimento (heir to the powerful, Brazilian multi-billionaire
1142:
found that over 80% of the Bolsa Familia benefits go to families in poverty (making under half the minimum wage per capita), thus most of the benefits go to the poor. Bolsa Familia was also found to have been responsible for about 20% of the drop in
2132:
3903:
1003:
The students' presence in classes is monitored bimonthly by the MEC and the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS). A family that fails to comply with five consecutive times has its benefit permanently canceled.
4157:
1049:
said, "Bolsa Familia has already become a highly praised model of effective social policy. Countries around the world are drawing lessons from Brazil’s experience and are trying to produce the same results for their own people."
921:, a long problem in Brazil, and helps to dissociate the receipt of money from individual politicians or political parties. The names of every person enlisted in the program and the amount given to them can be found online at the
3929:
1023:
The Bolsa Família was criticized by political opponents of President Lula for allegedly using the revenues of the CPMF tax (which was originally created under the pretext of financing the public health system during the
2316:
Alves, Flávia Jôse Oliveira; Machado, Daiane Borges; Barreto, Maurício L. (19 November 2018). "Effect of the Brazilian cash transfer programme on suicide rates: a longitudinal analysis of the Brazilian municipalities".
804:
In 2011, 26% of the Brazilian population were covered by the program. As of 2020, the program covered 13.8 million families and paid an average of $ 34 per month, in a country where the minimum wage is $ 190 per month.
787:
Bolsa Família has been mentioned as one factor contributing to the reduction of poverty in Brazil, which fell 27.7% during the first term in the administration of Lula. In 2006, the Center for Political Studies of the
864:
was announced, with the purpose of replacing Bolsa Família and unify other cash transfer programs in Brazil. The new program will pay $ 71 to 17 million families until the end of 2022. On 30 December 2021, president
3939:
1738:
1415:
982:
Surveys conducted by the Federal Government among Bolsa Família's beneficiaries indicate that the money is spent, in order of priority, on food; school supplies; clothing; and shoes. A study conducted by The
1117:
The program has clearly contributed to improvements in Brazil's fight against poverty, according to research promoted by some universities and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). An
792:
published a study showing that there was a sharp reduction in the number of people in poverty in Brazil between 2003 and 2005. Other factors included an improvement in the job market and real gains in the
199:
3270:
1028:
administration; the CPMF tax expired in December 2007, and was not renewed) for political and electoral purposes, to the detriment of the public health system that currently faces enormous difficulties.
882:
generation to another). Conditional cash transfer programs began to gain strength in 1997. At the time there were only three countries in the world with this experience: Bangladesh, Mexico and Brazil.
1109:. If there is more money in circulation, the local market heats up, the purchasing power is increased and the effects spread throughout the whole economy. But only to give money is not enough.(...)"
3898:
3818:
1248:
1618:
752:. If they exceeded the total of permitted school absences, they were dropped from the program and their funds were suspended. The program attempted to both reduce short-term poverty by direct
1922:
1085:, however, finds that the program does not discourage work, nor social advancement. To the contrary, says Bénédicte de la Brière, responsible for the program monitoring at the institution:
748:
network of federal assistance programs. Bolsa Família provided financial aid to poor Brazilian families. In order to be eligible, families had to ensure that children attend school and get
2514:, Ministry of Social Development and Hunger Eradication, Brazil. Istanbul, Turkey: Third International Conference on Conditional Cash Transfers, June 26, 2006 (Powerpoint summary of BFP)
1337:
3924:
3277:
1091:"Adult work is not impacted by income transfers. In some cases adults will even work harder because having this safety net encourages them to assume greater risks in their activities"'
4147:
3256:
3263:
801:, for comparison, had 17.5 million individual beneficiaries in 2018 (over 75% of its labour force of 23 million) receiving a total of over US$ 20 billion per annum in state aid.
2480:
3289:
2054:
Bourguignon, Francois; Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Leite, Phillippe G. (1 October 2002). "Ex-Ante Evaluation of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: The Case of Bolsa Escola".
356:
184:
4750:
3717:
3086:
3987:
1824:
1097:
Another criticism of the program is the fact that it is perceived by opponents of the currently ruling party as way to "buy" to votes of poor people, creating clientelism.
3811:
1565:
2555:
WORLD BANK. 2001a. Brazil: An Assessment of the Bolsa Escola Programs. Human Development Department, Latin America and Caribbean Region, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
1809:
4152:
3934:
3297:
2504:
3804:
770:
described Bolsa Família as an "anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America is winning converts worldwide." The program was a centerpiece of former president
4069:
1102:
2542:
Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs – Lessons from Latin America, Volume 1, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3119, August 2003
2097:
Evaluating the Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs - Lessons from Latin America, Volume 1, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3119, August 2003
4114:
4104:
4089:
699:
3982:
4119:
4094:
4074:
2470:
4003:
1978:
4099:
2624:
1661:
In December, Bolsonaro secured congressional support to increase this amount to R$ 400 a month until the end of next year, two months after the election.
116:
4084:
4013:
3864:
3712:
3484:
1464:
349:
189:
111:
4192:
3854:
1766:
1412:
1319:
1139:
554:
1914:
1498:
1305:
2387:
1551:
1058:
Certain sectors of the Brazilian society, both among the conservatives and the progressives, oppose the concept of money transfers to the poor:
4702:
3970:
204:
2173:
1674:
4046:
3859:
1592:
1445:
157:
1780:
342:
330:
101:
4707:
4712:
3414:
3071:
1357:
1273:
3659:
2491:
2475:
1878:
764:. It also worked to give free education to children who couldn't afford to go to school, to show the importance of education. In 2008,
237:
144:
3489:
1127:
evaluation of Bolsa Escola found a significant increase in school attendance rates and decrease in the number of children involved in
4789:
4697:
1943:
4256:
2580:
1739:"The nuts and bolts of Brazil's bolsa familia program : implementing conditional cash transfers in a decentralized context"
2775:
2730:
564:
2509:
3096:
2496:
1525:
1432:
81:
71:
4794:
2550:
Limiting Child Labor Through Behavior-Based Income Transfers: An Experimental Evaluation of the PETI Program in Rural Brazil
2530:
2224:
Limiting Child Labor Through Behavior-Based Income Transfers: An Experimental Evaluation of the PETI Program in Rural Brazil
1041:
institutions to Bolsa Família has generally been enthusiastic. During a trip to Brazil in 2005, the former president of the
4185:
2765:
2654:
389:
282:
2236:
1699:
2873:
1960:
3785:
2259:"Impact of the Bolsa Família program on food availability of low-income Brazilian families: a quasi experimental study"
2044:, an Interview with Renata de Camargo Nascimento, São Paulo: Private Brokers, Year IV, Nr. 16, SEPT/OCT/NOV 2007, P. 41
1106:
913:, a government-owned savings bank (the second largest bank in the country). The money can be withdrawn in over 14,000
824:
The family of Selma Ferreira was the first recipient of Bolsa Escola, a precursor to Bolsa Família enacted by Governor
257:
179:
2533:
Conditional Cash Transfers: Why Have They Become So Prominent in Recent Poverty Reduction Strategies in Latin America.
544:
4682:
4407:
4372:
4039:
3601:
797:. About twelve million Brazilian families received funds from Bolsa Família. The government cash transfer program in
96:
66:
139:
4677:
4672:
4377:
3944:
2957:
2715:
984:
775:
646:
2539:
2094:
4692:
4687:
4307:
4178:
3449:
3407:
2649:
559:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
262:
194:
1413:
https://www.sassa.gov.za/Statistics/Documents/Fact%20Sheet%20-%20Issue%20No.14%20%E2%80%93%20February%202018.pdf
789:
4623:
3975:
3494:
3124:
2708:
227:
212:
3237:
1979:"News & Broadcast - Brazil's Bolsa Familia Program Celebrates Progress in Lifting Families out of Poverty"
713:
Former President Lula giving a speech to recipients of Bolsa Família and other federal assistance programs in
4664:
4317:
4266:
3654:
3324:
3319:
3232:
2914:
2609:
1846:
452:
232:
162:
4032:
3691:
3608:
3184:
2972:
2821:
2614:
2174:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060709024441/http://www.undp-povertycentre.org/newsletters/WorkingPaper21.pdf
2013:
741:
217:
771:
43:
4639:
4387:
4216:
3960:
3722:
3649:
3532:
3522:
3517:
3061:
2868:
2841:
2831:
2816:
2735:
2573:
1373:
1148:
2209:
2025:
4292:
4261:
3775:
3591:
3542:
3431:
3400:
3179:
3009:
2924:
2909:
2455:
1290:
538:
222:
922:
914:
910:
252:
4528:
4231:
3676:
3250:
3204:
3194:
2934:
2858:
2745:
2725:
2644:
1025:
878:
853:
829:
761:
3919:
2486:
2080:
1759:
1619:"Governo anuncia Auxílio Brasil de R$ 400 a partir de novembro, mas não revela a fonte do dinheiro"
4758:
4508:
4322:
4061:
2995:
2755:
2691:
2634:
2177:
778:. Bolsa Família was the largest conditional cash transfer program in the world, though the Mexican
737:
2518:
1645:
1271:
Decree nº 5.209, de 17 de setembro de 2004 – Regulates a Law-010.836-2004 – Bolsa Família Program.
852:. Not long after, other municipalities and states adopted similar programs. In 2001 the President
4337:
3796:
3583:
3302:
3081:
1788:
596:
4201:
3882:
3757:
3596:
3091:
3041:
2919:
2863:
2826:
2806:
2801:
2566:
2457:
Happy families: An anti-poverty scheme invented in Latin America is winning converts worldwide.
1863:
1392:
844:
Bolsa Escola, a predecessor which was conditional only on school attendance, was pioneered in
317:
4618:
4362:
4287:
4271:
4221:
3618:
3613:
3504:
3129:
3056:
2904:
2836:
2703:
2067:
2059:
1746:
1270:
4583:
3839:
1889:
1289:
714:
4548:
4457:
4124:
3727:
3537:
3214:
3159:
3031:
3026:
2681:
1998:
918:
639:
427:
2402:"Bolsa Família, 20 anos: 'Meus pais foram beneficiários, hoje sou engenheiro de software'"
1433:
http://www.treasury.gov.za/documents/national%20budget/2019/review/KeyBudgetStatistics.pdf
8:
4766:
4717:
4518:
4347:
4246:
4135:
3742:
3732:
3686:
3439:
3199:
3174:
3066:
3046:
2987:
2878:
2848:
2811:
2698:
2664:
1144:
728:
678:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4357:
4312:
4302:
4297:
3644:
3459:
3314:
3242:
3224:
3189:
3139:
3021:
2967:
2939:
2789:
2770:
2401:
2342:
2293:
2258:
437:
267:
4483:
1338:"Bolsa Família: Changing the Lives of Millions in Brazil, The World Bank, Aug/22/2007"
4503:
4327:
4079:
3747:
3681:
3568:
3469:
3423:
3367:
3360:
3154:
3116:
2977:
2892:
2750:
2720:
2686:
2601:
2593:
2381:
2334:
2298:
2280:
2196:
2055:
1545:
891:
849:
825:
442:
414:
373:
324:
4633:
4593:
3563:
2962:
2346:
1812:
Impactos do Programa Bolsa Família Sobre Os gastos Com Alimentos De Famílias Rurais.
1215:
901:
This money is given preferentially to a female head of household, through so-called
861:
809:
4734:
4563:
4558:
4236:
4226:
3671:
3666:
3149:
3144:
3051:
2944:
2929:
2629:
2326:
2288:
2270:
1737:
Kathy, Lindert; Anja, Linder; Jason, Hobbs; la, Briere, Benedicte de (1 May 2007).
938:
808:
On 30 December 2021, Jair Bolsonaro sanctioned a new cash transfer program, called
584:
422:
407:
1717:
1566:"Governo anuncia novo Bolsa Família com reajuste da faixa de pobreza para R$ 218"
4654:
4513:
4437:
4432:
4109:
3376:
3309:
3209:
3169:
3106:
3036:
2619:
1419:
1277:
1081:
trying to find a job, content instead, to live on the Bolsa Família program. The
1038:
753:
632:
608:
549:
502:
497:
4588:
4170:
3965:
1829:
Program – Brazil's Losing Struggle to Help the Hungry: Lula's Leadership Fading"
487:
482:
4649:
4578:
4523:
4488:
4478:
4462:
4008:
3707:
3527:
3512:
2949:
2760:
1046:
895:
866:
702:
477:
4543:
2330:
2275:
492:
4783:
4742:
4573:
4538:
4427:
4422:
3464:
3381:
3134:
2853:
2427:
2284:
1961:
Para ministro, fim da CPMF poderia acabar com o Bolsa Família, Agência Brasil
1465:"Coronavirus-Hit Brazil Considers Major Public Funds For Poor And Unemployed"
1296:
1207:
1020:. It will cover about 11.2 million families, or about 44 million Brazilians.
933:
780:
766:
757:
620:
512:
507:
457:
447:
4498:
4493:
774:'s social policy and is reputed to have played a role in his victory in the
4568:
4452:
4367:
4251:
4024:
3479:
3474:
3444:
2676:
2338:
2302:
1220:
1170:
coverage (equal to or greater than 70%) was maintained for multiple years.
798:
794:
517:
432:
3329:
2257:
Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Monteiro, Carlos Augusto (19 August 2016).
4598:
4553:
4447:
4442:
4397:
4332:
3737:
3164:
1249:
Zero Hunger: Political Culture and Antipoverty Policy in Northeast Brazil
1225:
1159:
1128:
1124:
1017:
1000:
families and the exchange of information between governmental instances.
749:
603:
4533:
3628:
3076:
2639:
1183:
1155:
1082:
1042:
906:
4382:
3844:
3623:
3573:
3334:
2497:
Inter-American Development Bank press release regarding Bolsa Familia
2102:
1231:
836:
745:
129:
3752:
3392:
1301:
1162:
exploitation among children benefited by the Bolsa Família program.
1012:
In 2006, Bolsa Familia is estimated to cost about 0.5% of Brazilian
27:
2740:
1781:"VEJA.com - Reportagens exclusivas, notícias, informação e opinião"
1722:
1644:
Stott, Michael; Harris, Bryan; Pooler, Michael (23 December 2021).
1397:
845:
3826:
2558:
1646:"Brazil: Bolsonaro embraces the politics he once vowed to abolish"
4644:
4241:
3454:
3339:
2155:"IPC IG - International Policy Centre for inclusive Growth - IPC"
1242:
1120:
695:
4392:
4352:
2589:
1446:"Social security is necessary and globally affordable, says UN"
1362:, Economia e Negócios, O Estado de S. Paulo, 20/09/2007, p. B14
1237:
820:
381:
76:
591:
579:
4751:
Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work
4342:
1675:"Brazil Senate OKs easing budget cap to fund welfare program"
942:
709:
2030:, São Paulo: Política, Terra Magazine, Sep. 17, 2007, 08h18
2548:
YAP, Yoon-Tien, Guilherme Sedlacek and Peter Orazem. 2001.
2222:
YAP, Yoon-Tien, Guilherme Sedlacek and Peter Orazem. 2001.
2154:
1431:"SA Government 2019 National Budget Review". SA Government.
869:
sanctioned the new program, formally ending Bolsa Família.
2505:
Article on Bolsa Familia and increases in class attendance
2428:"Bolsa Família - Calendário 2018 - Consulta - Saldo - NIS"
2361:
2014:"Lula and the poetry of misery", Reinaldo Azevedo, 29/7/09
1499:"Bolsonaro sanciona com vetos lei que cria Auxílio Brasil"
1147:
in Brazil since 2001, which is welcome in one of the most
905:
which are mailed to the family. This card operates like a
2481:"Bolsa Família: Changing the Lives of Millions in Brazil"
1469:
1013:
2053:
1915:"Criada como provisória, CPMF foi reeditada três vezes"
1526:"Lula diz que Auxílio Brasil volta a ser Bolsa Família"
1320:"Cash Aid Program Bolsters Lula's Reelection Prospects"
2362:"Imds | Instituto Mobilidade e Desenvolvimento Social"
1710:
700:
Minister of Social Development and Hunger Alleviation
2366:
Imds | Instituto Mobilidade e Desenvolvimento Social
1393:"Family friendly: Brazil's scheme to tackle poverty"
1197:
2315:
1593:"Bolsa Família already reaches a third of the poor"
1384:
4200:
1643:
1374:"FGV divulga estudo mostrando redução da miséria"
1360:Miséria no Brasil cai 27,7% no 1º mandato de Lula
937:Central to the beneficiaries of Bolsa Família in
4781:
1736:
1358:BRANDÃO JR., Nilson Brandão e ARAGÃO, Marianna.
1140:International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth
555:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
2256:
1177:
917:bank locations. This practice helps to reduce
784:was the first nationwide program of this kind.
3827:Contemporary social welfare programs in Brazil
2519:Payment schedule of the Social Program in 2018
2319:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
1584:
4186:
4040:
3812:
3408:
2574:
1865:Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLiS)
640:
350:
158:United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti
4159:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4054:
2408:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 September 2023
2087:
2003:, Aliás, in O Estado de S. Paulo, 26/08/2007
1282:
890:Bolsa Família currently gives families with
2386:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2028:Banco Mundial vê Bolsa Família como modelo.
1550:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1505:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 30 December 2021
16:Government social welfare program in Brazil
4193:
4179:
4047:
4033:
3819:
3805:
3415:
3401:
2581:
2567:
2216:
1947:, Novo Pensamento sobre um Problema Antigo
1625:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 21 October 2021
756:and fight long-term poverty by increasing
647:
633:
357:
343:
238:Global Alliance Against Hunger and Poverty
2292:
2274:
1994:
1992:
1765:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1353:
1351:
1330:
990:
1973:
1971:
1867:- World Health Organization(March, 2017)
1523:
932:
835:
819:
708:
694:
4257:Right to an adequate standard of living
2359:
2095:"RAWLINGS, Laura B. e RUBIO, Gloria M.
1572:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 March 2023
1443:
1112:
4782:
2540:RAWLINGS, Laura B. e RUBIO, Gloria M.
2471:Ministry of Social Development website
2019:
1989:
1773:
1672:
1590:
1462:
1348:
948:
565:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization
4174:
4028:
3800:
3422:
3396:
2562:
2535:Institute of Social Studies 390(2004)
2034:
1968:
1493:
1491:
1456:
1390:
1308:from the original on 9 February 2008.
1266:
1264:
727:
3781:
1925:from the original on 18 January 2022
1847:"MALNUTRITION DEATH RATE BY COUNTRY"
1817:
1803:
1463:Osborn, Catherine (31 August 2020).
1444:Provost, Claire (21 February 2011).
1007:
877:Programs employing various types of
658:
2655:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
2588:
2463:print edition, MACEIÓ: Feb 7th 2008
2117:
1857:
1839:
1673:Boadle, Anthony (2 December 2021).
1016:and about 2.5% of total government
977:
13:
3899:Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos
2487:Economist article on Bolsa Família
2476:World Bank review of Bolsa Família
2042:O Discreto Charme Da Solidariedade
1666:
1637:
1611:
1591:Estado, Agência (1 January 2004).
1488:
1366:
1261:
1182:The "Project Family Grant" of the
14:
4806:
2650:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
2449:
2432:www.programabolsadafamilia.com.br
1158:shows a significant reduction in
4790:Universal basic income in Brazil
4378:Political Party for Basic Income
3780:
3771:
3770:
2635:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
2512:The Bolsa Família Grants Program
1200:
1135:consumption, and diet quality".
985:Federal University of Pernambuco
663:
614:
602:
590:
578:
388:
323:
316:
26:
2524:
2492:MDS monitoring of Bolsa Familia
2420:
2394:
2353:
2309:
2250:
2229:
2165:
2147:
2047:
2007:
1954:
1937:
1907:
1871:
1810:DUARTE, Gisléia Benini, et al.
1730:
1718:"Brazil: Key facts and figures"
1692:
1558:
1517:
1437:
560:Union of South American Nations
1425:
1405:
1312:
228:2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit
213:2023 Brazilian Congress attack
1:
4624:Asignación Universal por Hijo
4267:Universal basic income pilots
2483:, The World Bank, Aug/22/2007
1597:O Estado de São Paulo Journal
1255:
1032:
872:
860:In October 2021, the program
453:Socialism of the 21st century
233:2024 Rio Grande do Sul floods
163:Submarine Development Program
2552:. World Bank, Washington, DC
2531:BRITTO, Tatiana Feitosa de.
2226:. World Bank, Washington, DC
1524:PODER360 (9 December 2022).
1411:"South African Government".
1178:International participations
1053:
928:
154:Foreign and Military policy
7:
4640:Iranian subsidy reform plan
4388:Sustainable Australia Party
3097:Water supply and sanitation
2645:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
2620:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
1921:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1391:Duffy, Gary (25 May 2010).
1193:
958:associated with education.
597:Organised labour portal
145:Growth Acceleration Program
126:Social and Economic policy
10:
4811:
4293:Basic Income Earth Network
4262:Technological unemployment
2625:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
1174:their monetary benefits.
885:
815:
762:conditional cash transfers
247:Scandals and controversies
223:2023 South American summit
4795:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
4726:
4663:
4611:
4471:
4415:
4406:
4280:
4232:Guaranteed minimum income
4209:
4133:
4060:
3996:
3953:
3912:
3891:
3875:
3832:
3766:
3700:
3637:
3582:
3551:
3503:
3430:
3354:
3223:
3115:
3017:
3008:
2986:
2900:
2891:
2879:President of the Republic
2797:
2788:
2672:
2663:
2600:
2434:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2368:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2331:10.1007/s00127-018-1627-6
2276:10.1186/s12889-016-3486-y
2125:"– Bolsa Familia Project"
2001:O tamanho do Brasil pobre
1599:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1532:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1276:October 29, 2012, at the
1154:Research promoted by the
1151:countries on the planet.
1026:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
925:, the program's website.
892:per-capita monthly income
879:conditional cash transfer
854:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
790:Getulio Vargas Foundation
772:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
725:Portuguese pronunciation:
672:This article needs to be
45:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
4759:The War on Normal People
4055:Welfare in South America
3660:Automobiles manufactured
2802:Administrative divisions
2459:The Americas: Brazil in
776:general election of 2006
545:Unified Workers' Central
174:39th President of Brazil
91:35th President of Brazil
35:This article is part of
3718:Federative units by HDI
3713:Federative units by GDP
2544:, The World Bank, 2003.
2099:, The World Bank, 2003"
1851:worldlifeexpectancy.com
923:Portal da Transparência
911:Caixa Econômica Federal
760:among the poor through
729:[ˈbowsɐfɐˈmiʎɐ]
4529:Christopher Pissarides
4202:Universal basic income
3961:Sistema Único de Saúde
3920:Ciência sem Fronteiras
3883:Minha Casa, Minha Vida
3758:Central Bank of Brazil
2958:Science and technology
2640:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
2075:Cite journal requires
1754:Cite journal requires
1138:A study by the UNDP's
991:Control and monitoring
945:
841:
833:
717:
706:
705:discussing the program
277:Presidential elections
4619:Alaska Permanent Fund
4363:People Animals Nature
4288:Basic Income Alliance
4272:Universal inheritance
936:
909:and is issued by the
839:
823:
712:
698:
4549:Richard David Precht
4458:Juliet Rhys-Williams
2776:World Heritage Sites
2709:Environmental issues
2682:Brazilian Antarctica
1895:on 29 September 2007
1113:Outcomes and effects
1103:Camargo Correa Group
742:Government of Brazil
585:Socialism portal
428:Democratic socialism
4767:Utopia for Realists
4519:Philippe Van Parijs
4348:Mein Grundeinkommen
4247:Negative income tax
4217:Basic income models
3988:Saúde Não Tem Preço
3655:Automotive industry
3485:Stabilization plans
3325:Syncretic Religions
3233:Freedom of religion
2915:Automotive industry
2510:MUTZIG, Jean Marc.
1324:The Washington Post
1304:. 7 February 2008.
949:Political structure
609:Politics portal
374:the politics series
77:Political positions
4584:Christian Engström
4358:Party of Humanists
4313:Five Star Movement
4303:Breakthrough Party
4298:Basic Income Party
4222:Citizen's dividend
3840:Brasil sem Miséria
3692:Telecommunications
3285:Eastern Orthodoxy
3278:Ukrainian Catholic
2973:Telecommunications
2630:Empire (1822–1889)
2615:Indigenous peoples
2360:Comunicação, Gr2.
2244:info.worldbank.org
2135:on 7 February 2012
2105:on 16 October 2010
2026:BRAMATTI, Daniel.
1919:memoria.ebc.com.br
1791:on 22 October 2007
1418:2019-12-27 at the
1326:. 29 October 2006.
1037:The reaction from
946:
842:
834:
718:
715:Diadema, São Paulo
707:
438:Left-wing populism
268:Free Lula movement
258:Operation Car Wash
72:Education and work
4777:
4776:
4607:
4606:
4504:Sepp Kusstatscher
4168:
4167:
4140:other territories
4022:
4021:
3833:Transfer payments
3794:
3793:
3748:Brazilian disease
3663:
3650:Creative industry
3605:
3569:Cingapura project
3490:2007–10 recession
3470:Brazilian Miracle
3424:Economy of Brazil
3390:
3389:
3350:
3349:
3292:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3257:Armenian Catholic
3062:Income inequality
3004:
3003:
2887:
2886:
2874:Political parties
2869:National Congress
2832:Freedom of speech
2817:Foreign relations
2784:
2783:
2263:BMC Public Health
2204:Missing or empty
1983:web.worldbank.org
1879:"MfDR Sourcebook"
1008:Cost and coverage
850:Cristovam Buarque
848:by then-governor
826:Cristovam Buarque
736:) is the current
693:
692:
657:
656:
621:Brazil portal
443:Liberal socialism
415:Social liberalism
367:
366:
53:
52:
4802:
4735:Agrarian Justice
4703:Nordic countries
4612:Related programs
4564:Osmo Soininvaara
4559:Annika Lillemets
4413:
4412:
4237:Jobless recovery
4227:Freedom dividend
4195:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4160:
4148:Falkland Islands
4062:Sovereign states
4049:
4042:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4014:Viver sem Limite
3983:Farmácia Popular
3976:Saúde da Família
3865:Brasil Carinhoso
3821:
3814:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3784:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3657:
3599:
3592:Renewable energy
3543:Animal husbandry
3417:
3410:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3370:
3363:
3288:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3180:National symbols
3015:
3014:
2953:
2925:Economic history
2910:Animal husbandry
2898:
2897:
2795:
2794:
2670:
2669:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2503:
2469:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2278:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2241:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2176:. Archived from
2169:
2163:
2162:
2159:www.ipc-undp.org
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2131:. Archived from
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2101:. Archived from
2091:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2063:
2051:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1888:. Archived from
1883:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1787:. Archived from
1777:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1570:Folha de S.Paulo
1562:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1293:
1291:"Happy families"
1286:
1280:
1268:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1203:
978:Use of the money
939:Feira de Santana
830:Federal District
734:Family Allowance
731:
726:
688:
685:
679:
667:
666:
659:
649:
642:
635:
619:
618:
617:
607:
606:
595:
594:
583:
582:
423:Anti-imperialism
408:Social democracy
392:
369:
368:
359:
352:
345:
327:
320:
218:2023 China visit
135:Family Allowance
49:
48:
46:
39:
38:
30:
23:
22:
19:
18:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4722:
4659:
4655:Social dividend
4603:
4514:Eduardo Suplicy
4484:Étienne Chouard
4467:
4438:Stephen Hawking
4433:Milton Friedman
4402:
4276:
4205:
4199:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4141:
4139:
4129:
4056:
4053:
4023:
4018:
4004:Água para Todos
3992:
3949:
3908:
3887:
3871:
3828:
3825:
3795:
3790:
3762:
3696:
3633:
3578:
3547:
3499:
3426:
3421:
3391:
3386:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3346:
3219:
3205:Science fiction
3195:Public holidays
3111:
3072:Life expectancy
3000:
2982:
2951:
2883:
2859:Law enforcement
2780:
2766:Water resources
2746:Protected areas
2659:
2596:
2587:
2527:
2502:(in Portuguese)
2501:
2468:(in Portuguese)
2467:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2406:BBC News Brasil
2400:
2399:
2395:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2369:
2358:
2354:
2314:
2310:
2255:
2251:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2024:
2020:
2016:(in Portuguese)
2012:
2008:
1997:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1964:(in Portuguese)
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:(in Portuguese)
1949:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1858:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1671:
1667:
1654:
1652:
1650:Financial Times
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1475:
1473:
1461:
1457:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1420:Wayback Machine
1410:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1356:
1349:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1278:Wayback Machine
1269:
1262:
1258:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1180:
1115:
1107:virtuous circle
1056:
1035:
1010:
993:
980:
951:
931:
888:
875:
818:
740:program of the
724:
689:
683:
680:
677:
668:
664:
653:
615:
613:
601:
589:
577:
570:
569:
550:Sao Paulo Forum
533:
532:
523:
522:
503:Fernando Haddad
498:Gleisi Hoffmann
473:
472:
463:
462:
402:
401:
363:
328:
322:
321:
314:
313:
312:
278:
274:
273:
272:
248:
244:
243:
242:
209:
175:
171:
170:
169:
151:
123:
92:
88:
87:
86:
62:
58:
44:
42:
41:
40:
36:
34:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4708:United Kingdom
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4650:Quatinga Velho
4647:
4642:
4637:
4634:Auxílio Brasil
4626:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4594:Björn Wahlroos
4591:
4586:
4581:
4579:Birger Schlaug
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4524:Carole Pateman
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4489:Harry F. Dahms
4486:
4481:
4479:Rutger Bregman
4475:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4463:Anthony Barber
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4009:Luz para Todos
4006:
4000:
3998:
3997:Infrastructure
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:Jovem Aprendiz
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3876:Public housing
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3855:Bolsa Estiagem
3852:
3847:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Infrastructure
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Auxílio Brasil
3561:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2996:Rail transport
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2842:Women's rights
2839:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2731:Largest cities
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Extreme points
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2692:Climate change
2684:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2507:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2451:
2450:External links
2448:
2446:
2445:
2419:
2393:
2352:
2325:(5): 599–606.
2308:
2249:
2237:"Server Error"
2228:
2215:
2183:on 9 July 2006
2172:. 9 July 2006
2164:
2146:
2129:The World Bank
2116:
2086:
2077:|journal=
2046:
2040:HAAG, Carlos.
2033:
2018:
2006:
1999:DORIA, Pedro.
1988:
1967:
1953:
1936:
1906:
1870:
1856:
1838:
1828:
1816:
1802:
1772:
1756:|journal=
1729:
1726:. 27 May 2010.
1709:
1691:
1665:
1636:
1610:
1583:
1557:
1516:
1487:
1455:
1436:
1424:
1404:
1383:
1365:
1347:
1329:
1311:
1281:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Auxílio Brasil
1212:
1211:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1176:
1114:
1111:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1055:
1052:
1047:Paul Wolfowitz
1034:
1031:
1009:
1006:
992:
989:
979:
976:
950:
947:
930:
927:
887:
884:
874:
871:
867:Jair Bolsonaro
862:Auxílio Brasil
817:
814:
810:Auxílio Brasil
754:cash transfers
744:, part of the
738:social welfare
703:Patrus Ananias
691:
690:
671:
669:
662:
655:
654:
652:
651:
644:
637:
629:
626:
625:
624:
623:
611:
599:
587:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
539:Workers' Party
534:
530:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
478:Dilma Rousseff
474:
470:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
419:
418:
411:
403:
399:
398:
397:
394:
393:
385:
384:
378:
377:
365:
364:
362:
361:
354:
347:
339:
336:
335:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
279:
276:
275:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
246:
245:
241:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
150:
149:
148:
147:
142:
140:School Stipend
137:
132:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
108:Inaugurations
105:
104:
99:
93:
90:
89:
85:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
60:
59:
55:
54:
51:
50:
37:a series about
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4807:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4743:Bullshit Jobs
4740:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:United States
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4630:Bolsa Família
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:Susanne Wiest
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:Katja Kipping
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:C. H. Douglas
4426:
4424:
4423:Tony Atkinson
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Left Alliance
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Forward Party
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:Organizations
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4196:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4153:French Guiana
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4137:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3850:Bolsa Família
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3787:
3779:
3777:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:Other sectors
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3559:Bolsa Família
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:Plano Trienal
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3303:Protestantism
3301:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:Christianity
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:States by HDI
3085:
3083:
3082:Social issues
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2461:The Economist
2458:
2454:
2453:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2211:
2198:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1945:The Economist
1940:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1768:
1761:
1748:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1700:"MDS website"
1695:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1553:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1342:worldbank.org
1339:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:The Economist
1292:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:Brazil portal
1198:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1001:
997:
988:
986:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
944:
940:
935:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:Citizen Cards
899:
897:
893:
883:
880:
870:
868:
863:
858:
855:
851:
847:
838:
831:
827:
822:
813:
811:
806:
802:
800:
796:
791:
785:
783:
782:
781:Oportunidades
777:
773:
769:
768:
767:The Economist
763:
759:
758:human capital
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
722:
721:Bolsa Família
716:
711:
704:
701:
697:
687:
675:
670:
661:
660:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
612:
610:
605:
600:
598:
593:
588:
586:
581:
576:
575:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
540:
536:
535:
531:Organisations
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
513:Guido Mantega
511:
509:
508:Chico Buarque
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
467:
466:
459:
458:Progressivism
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:Globalisation
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
412:
410:
409:
405:
404:
396:
395:
391:
387:
386:
383:
380:
379:
375:
371:
370:
360:
355:
353:
348:
346:
341:
340:
338:
337:
334:
333:
332:Media gallery
329:
326:
319:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
152:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
125:
124:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
106:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
61:Personal life
57:
56:
47:
32:
29:
25:
24:
21:
20:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4629:
4589:Benoît Hamon
4569:Li Andersson
4509:Guy Standing
4472:Contemporary
4453:Thomas Paine
4368:Pirate Party
4328:Génération.s
4323:Fusion Party
4252:Real freedom
4136:Dependencies
3971:Rede Cegonha
3966:Mais Médicos
3849:
3597:Ethanol fuel
3558:
3480:Plano Collor
3475:Samba effect
3460:Rubber cycle
3445:Coffee cycle
3101:
3092:Unemployment
3042:Demographics
2920:Central Bank
2827:Human rights
2807:Constitution
2677:Amazon basin
2549:
2541:
2532:
2525:Bibliography
2511:
2460:
2456:
2436:. Retrieved
2431:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2405:
2396:
2370:. Retrieved
2365:
2355:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2243:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2206:|title=
2185:. Retrieved
2178:the original
2167:
2158:
2149:
2139:22 September
2137:. Retrieved
2133:the original
2128:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2096:
2089:
2068:cite journal
2049:
2041:
2036:
2027:
2021:
2009:
2000:
1982:
1956:
1944:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1918:
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1890:the original
1885:
1873:
1864:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1795:22 September
1793:. Retrieved
1789:the original
1784:
1775:
1747:cite journal
1732:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:
1668:
1660:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1613:
1603:11 September
1601:. Retrieved
1596:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1569:
1560:
1534:. Retrieved
1529:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1502:
1481:
1474:. Retrieved
1468:
1458:
1450:The Guardian
1449:
1439:
1427:
1407:
1396:
1386:
1378:terra.com.br
1377:
1368:
1359:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1295:
1284:
1247:
1230:
1221:Basic income
1188:
1181:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1119:
1116:
1099:
1096:
1079:
1057:
1039:multilateral
1036:
1022:
1011:
1002:
998:
994:
981:
974:nationwide.
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
902:
900:
894:below $ 140
889:
876:
859:
843:
840:Program logo
807:
803:
799:South Africa
795:minimum wage
786:
779:
765:
733:
720:
719:
681:
673:
537:
518:Celso Amorim
488:Olívio Dutra
483:José Alencar
433:Keynesianism
413:
406:
331:
315:
190:Inauguration
134:
4754:(monograph)
4698:Netherlands
4599:Andrew Yang
4554:Valter Mutt
4544:Götz Werner
4448:James Meade
4443:Ailsa McKay
4398:Volt Europa
4333:Green Party
3954:Health care
3860:Bolsa Verde
3738:Brazil Cost
3614:Solar power
3609:Electricity
3505:Agriculture
3495:2014 crisis
3251:Catholicism
3165:Malandragem
3130:Archaeology
3057:Immigration
2963:Stock index
2905:Agriculture
2704:Environment
1476:2 September
1226:Child labor
1160:child labor
1129:child labor
1125:econometric
1018:expenditure
493:José Dirceu
205:Ambassadors
130:Zero Hunger
4784:Categories
4738:(pamphlet)
4534:Claus Offe
4499:André Gorz
4494:Uffe Elbæk
3728:Corruption
3667:Healthcare
3629:Eletrobras
3538:Irrigation
3440:Gold cycle
3290:Antiochian
3215:Television
3185:Newspapers
3160:Literature
3032:Corruption
3027:Censorship
2952:(currency)
2822:Government
2438:1 November
2412:19 October
2372:19 October
2269:(1): 827.
2109:16 October
1929:17 January
1899:12 October
1704:mds.gov.br
1684:17 January
1655:17 January
1629:17 January
1509:17 January
1256:References
1184:World Bank
1156:World Bank
1145:inequality
1083:World Bank
1043:World Bank
1033:Perception
919:corruption
907:debit card
873:Objectives
750:vaccinated
400:Philosophy
185:Transition
180:Presidency
97:Presidency
67:Early life
4665:By region
4408:Advocates
4383:ReCivitas
4125:Venezuela
4070:Argentina
3913:Education
3845:Fome Zero
3723:Companies
3687:Transport
3624:Petrobras
3574:Fome Zero
3335:Quimbanda
3330:Candomblé
3200:Sculpture
3175:Mythology
3125:Animation
3067:Languages
3047:Education
2988:Transport
2849:Judiciary
2812:Elections
2761:Time Zone
2736:Mountains
2699:Coastline
2665:Geography
2285:1471-2458
2187:10 August
1827:Fome Zero
1452:. London.
1232:Fome Zero
1054:Criticism
929:Structure
746:Fome Zero
4628:Brazil (
4416:Historic
4115:Suriname
4105:Paraguay
4090:Colombia
3940:Pronatec
3776:Category
3645:Industry
3377:Category
3315:Hinduism
3264:Maronite
3243:Buddhism
3225:Religion
3190:Painting
3140:Carnaval
3022:Abortion
2968:Taxation
2940:Industry
2864:Military
2790:Politics
2771:Wildlife
2741:Pantanal
2610:Timeline
2594:articles
2382:cite web
2347:53874931
2339:30456426
2303:27538516
2197:cite web
1923:Archived
1886:mfdr.org
1833:coha.org
1785:VEJA.com
1723:BBC News
1546:cite web
1530:Poder360
1416:Archived
1398:BBC News
1306:Archived
1274:Archived
1194:See also
846:Brasilia
832:in 1995.
684:May 2023
372:Part of
253:Mensalão
4683:Germany
4645:Omitara
4373:Podemos
4242:Mincome
4120:Uruguay
4095:Ecuador
4075:Bolivia
3786:Commons
3682:Tourism
3677:Exports
3602:History
3552:Welfare
3455:Fazenda
3432:History
3361:Outline
3340:Umbanda
3320:Judaism
3271:Melkite
3155:Cuisine
3117:Culture
3102:Welfare
3010:Society
2978:Tourism
2935:Exports
2893:Economy
2751:Regions
2726:Islands
2721:Geology
2687:Climate
2602:History
2294:4991072
1679:Reuters
1576:12 June
1536:12 June
1483:month.)
1243:Poverty
1149:unequal
1121:ex ante
886:Benefit
828:of the
816:History
674:updated
195:Cabinet
102:Cabinet
82:Honours
4770:(book)
4762:(book)
4746:(book)
4718:Global
4678:Canada
4673:Brazil
4393:Vivant
4353:MERA25
4210:Topics
4204:topics
4100:Guyana
4080:Brazil
3945:ProUni
3930:Fundeb
3904:Pronaf
3753:Camelô
3672:Mining
3584:Energy
3533:Coffee
3523:Orange
3518:Banana
3450:Empire
3382:Portal
3238:Baháʼí
3210:Sports
3150:Comics
3145:Cinema
3077:People
3052:Health
2945:Mining
2930:Energy
2756:Rivers
2592:
2590:Brazil
2345:
2337:
2301:
2291:
2283:
2060:358407
2058:
1302:Maceió
1238:Lulism
471:People
382:Lulism
263:Prison
117:Second
4727:Works
4693:Japan
4688:India
4343:LIVRE
4308:Enhet
4085:Chile
3701:Misc.
3368:Index
3310:Islam
3170:Music
3107:Youth
3037:Crime
2950:Real
2343:S2CID
2240:(PDF)
2181:(PDF)
1893:(PDF)
1882:(PDF)
1825:"The
943:Bahia
915:Caixa
200:Trips
112:First
4110:Peru
3925:Fies
3892:Food
3708:Real
3619:Vale
3528:Beer
3513:Wine
3135:Arts
2837:LGBT
2440:2018
2414:2023
2388:link
2374:2023
2335:PMID
2299:PMID
2281:ISSN
2210:help
2189:2019
2141:2007
2111:2010
2081:help
2056:SSRN
1931:2022
1901:2006
1797:2007
1767:link
1760:help
1741:: 1.
1686:2022
1657:2022
1631:2022
1605:2022
1578:2023
1552:link
1538:2023
1511:2022
1478:2020
308:2022
303:2006
298:2002
293:1998
288:1994
283:1989
4138:and
3298:LDS
2854:Law
2327:doi
2289:PMC
2271:doi
1470:NPR
1014:GDP
896:BRL
4786::
4632:,
3743:B3
2430:.
2404:.
2384:}}
2380:{{
2364:.
2341:.
2333:.
2323:54
2321:.
2297:.
2287:.
2279:.
2267:16
2265:.
2261:.
2242:.
2201::
2199:}}
2195:{{
2157:.
2127:.
2072::
2070:}}
2066:{{
1991:^
1981:.
1970:^
1917:.
1884:.
1849:.
1831:.
1783:.
1751::
1749:}}
1745:{{
1720:.
1702:.
1677:.
1659:.
1648:.
1623:G1
1621:.
1595:.
1568:.
1548:}}
1544:{{
1528:.
1503:G1
1501:.
1490:^
1480:.
1467:.
1448:.
1395:.
1376:.
1350:^
1340:.
1322:.
1300:.
1294:.
1263:^
1131:.
1045:,
941:,
732:,
376:on
4636:)
4194:e
4187:t
4180:v
4048:e
4041:t
4034:v
3820:e
3813:t
3806:v
3662:)
3658:(
3604:)
3600:(
3416:e
3409:t
3402:v
2582:e
2575:t
2568:v
2442:.
2416:.
2390:)
2376:.
2349:.
2329::
2305:.
2273::
2246:.
2212:)
2208:(
2191:.
2161:.
2143:.
2113:.
2083:)
2079:(
2062:.
1985:.
1933:.
1903:.
1853:.
1835:.
1799:.
1769:)
1762:)
1758:(
1706:.
1688:.
1633:.
1607:.
1580:.
1554:)
1540:.
1513:.
1422:"
1401:.
1380:.
1344:.
723:(
686:)
682:(
676:.
648:e
641:t
634:v
358:e
351:t
344:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)