615:" (slums or shantytowns) in Brazil have many criminal gangs within them that protect individual favelas from other rival gangs and law enforcement. The government has been seen as "ineffective" towards criminal activity within favelas and Brazil as a whole such as trafficking of humans and drugs, kidnapping, and robberies. Corruption and crime levels within Brazil remain high and Bolsonaro's administration has aimed to help decrease these levels with the help of the police. Bolsonaro mentioned on his own social media page that criminals "should be" attacked by police officials, which can aid to the decrease in crime, thus creating a larger distrust towards law enforcement in Brazil. As of December 2017, the prison population in Brazil was at a total of 668,914, and when compared to a prison population rate per 100,000, the total is 332 per 100,000 people. The number of institutions Brazil has regarding their corrections system is 1,449. The official capacity of the institutions is 404,509 people which is many more than they are supposed to be able to house. In 2000, 232,755 people were incarcerated in Brazil. In 2016, 644,575 people were incarcerated.
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634:. President Temer wants to build these new prisons to separate non-violent criminals from the dangerous ones to prevent recruitment into organized crime. Since a big part of their prison population problems are the gangs, President Temer has also said that Brazil will be more cooperative with neighboring countries to try to reduce gangs funded by drug trafficking. There is such bad overcrowding, some are close to three times their actual capacity. The frequent use of pepper spray, tear gas, noise bombs and rubber bullets has been documented, as have severe beatings and kicking by the prison personnel on the inmates. The prison personnel are also equipped with assault rifles, shotguns and handguns to protect themselves from the violent events that happen in their prisons and also to keep order of the super overcrowded prisons where inmates could easily overcome the employees.
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625:, aimed to build 30 prisons that year to tackle the overcrowding crisis of their institutions. Brazil’s prisons are 50% over capacity, and most of the prisons are state-government run. The prisons are heavily controlled by gangs, drugs, guns and other contraband entering the prisons regularly. Many residents of favelas do not trust law enforcement because in 2008, the police killed an average of three people for every twenty-three people they arrested in Brazil. Crime levels are high due to
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600:, have harmed the reputation of police institutions in Brazil, especially state forces. Violence against suspects and extrajudicial executions are known to be employed by police. In the cities of SĂŁo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the Military Police has been involved in several controversial massacres of civilians, typically in poor neighborhoods where high-profile criminals tend to hide. There have also been massacres in prison facilities. One of the most notorious cases is the
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hierarchy, uniform, discipline, and ceremony. However, the body is not a branch of the
Brazilian Armed Forces. It is described by the constitution as an "auxiliary force of the Brazilian Army in time of war". The Military Fire Brigade, in general, is a part of the Military Police, although it does not perform traditional policing duties. It is subordinated to the state government. However, in the States of
604:. Torture is still commonly used as means of questioning and punishing individuals. Brazil’s corrections system is a huge problem for the country and it severely affects the overall well-being of its people. There are a lot of problems relating to violence, gangs and the way the government has been handling the problems. Brazil’s corrections system is under the prison administration called
414:
566:, police commissioners ("delegados") are responsible for coordinating and conducting all criminal investigations, with very similar functions and powers of those held by instruction magistrates or prosecutors in other legal systems. For that reason, those police commissioners are required to hold a full degree in
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are not to be confused with the state
Military Police. These are internal security units of each Armed Forces branch. They do not have general civil order maintenance or law enforcement functions. Other internal units may be created for protection of particular agencies or administrative entities,
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Law enforcement and maintaining order are the two primary functions of
Brazilian police units. In Brazilian Law, maintaining order is considered a preventive effort whereby police troopers patrol the streets to protect citizens and discourage criminal activity. Law enforcement consists of criminal
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Finally, in 1871, law 2033 separated police and judicial functions, creating the general bureaucratic structure and mechanisms still adopted nowadays by local police forces. In 1944, a federal police institution was created. The current
Federal Police department was conceived on November 16, 1964.
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and the State Penal Police. Of these, the first four are affiliated to federal authorities and the latter three are subordinated to state governments. These public safety institutions are part of the
Executive branch of either federal or state government. Apart from these eight institutions, there
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Prevention and investigation in Brazil are divided between two distinct police organizations. State "military police" forces only have order maintenance duties. Correspondingly, "civil police" institutions are responsible solely for crime investigation. However, at the federal level, the
Federal
148:. He also created a Military Guard with police functions on 13 May 1809. This is considered a predecessor force of local military police units. Later, in 1831, when independence had already been declared, each province started organizing its local "military police", with order maintenance tasks.
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Access to all positions under any military police forces encompasses written knowledge tests, previous and further medical exams, physical strength, agility and endurance tests and, finally, psychological interviews and evaluation. When approved on all tests, the candidate will be considered
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are charged with maintaining order. Military police patrols the streets and imprison suspects, either handing them over to Civil Police custody or, in case of federal crimes, to the
Federal Police. It is a "militarized" institution (gendarmerie) because it is based on military principles of
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The first groups assigned with security duties in
Brazilian territory date back to the early sixteenth century. Small, incipient units were designated in the Brazilian coastline, with the main function of fending off hostile foreign invaders. In 1566, the first police investigator of
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levels and law enforcement refusing to patrol favelas. One of the more recent riots occurred between Brazil’s most powerful gang, First
Capital Command, and their rival, Red command. First Capital Command slaughtered 26 other inmates at the Alcaçuz prison in the state of
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and trained as a civilian uniformed agency, the city guards are responsible to police the municipal parks, properties, installations and the interior of municipal councils and city halls, according to the
Brazilian Federal Constitution. Their patrols are called
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investigates of crimes against the Federal Government or its organs and companies, combats international drug trafficking and terrorism, and conducts immigration and border control (including airport and seaport policing). It is directly subordinated to the
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rounds) and there are 1,200 municipalities with Municipal Guards with more than 120,000 operatives according with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. They are treated as police officers by the former president of the IPA
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sought to reshape the administrative structure of the colony. Among several reforms, he established the "IntendĂŞncia Geral de PolĂcia" (General Police Intendancy), which merged police units with investigative functions, call currently of
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has criminal law enforcement duties and investigates crimes committed in violation of Brazilian criminal law. It does not patrol the streets and generally does not wear uniforms. Like the Military Police, it is subordinated to the state
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and admitted in special training courses (CTSP, to graduate soldiers, and the CFO, to graduate aspiring high-ranked officials). There's a minimum entry age of 18 years and, with few variations, a maximum entry age of 30 years.
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The State Penal Police, like its sister federal agency, was created by the Federal Constitutional Amendment number 104 (December 4th, 2019), and its officers originate from the bodies of state prison agencies.
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and law enforcement. When criminal offences affect federal entities, federal police forces carry out those functions. In the remaining cases, the state police forces undertake police activities.
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was created by the Federal Constitutional Amendment number 104 (in effect since December 4th, 2019), and its officers originate from the bodies of federal prison agencies.
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There are four federal police institutions in Brazil: the Federal Police, the Federal Highway Police, the Federal Railway Police, and the Federal Penal Police.
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Article 144, Eighth Paragraph; the guards act in support and complement - without a relationship of subordination with them. In case of criminal occurrence (in
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singular: Guarda Municipal), also called the Municipal Civil Guards (Guardas Civis Municipais, singular: Guarda Civil Municipal), are the security forces of
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the federal railway system. It does not investigate crime, solely focusing on maintaining order. As of 2022, the agency is not functional.
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for maintaining order. At the time, intense gold mining had attracted attention and greed of explorers, generating tensions in the area.
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441:. Rather, it is a federal program of cooperation among all Brazilian police forces for situations of emergency or exceptional nature.
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Candidates to military police lower ranks, such as 2nd class soldier (entry level), must meet a minimum of high school education.
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401:, asked for them to be given more jurisdiction for their operatives, and especially for their official recognition by Brazil as
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such as the guards of legislative houses, which do not have public safety functions. Nevertheless, in times of emergency, the
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establishes eight law enforcement institutions - seven titulars and one auxiliar. The titular institutions are: the
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1029:. Bezerra, Clayton da Silva, Agnoletto, Giovani Celso (1. edição ed.). SĂŁo Paulo, SP: Letras JurĂdicas. 2015.
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331:, the Military Fire Brigade is an autonomous military corporation, part of State Department of Civil Defense.
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On 31 January 1842, law 261 was enacted, reorganizing the investigative offices, the current "civil police".
124:" already had local units with law enforcement functions. On July 9, 1775 a Cavalry Regiment was created in
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Investigação criminal : conduzida por delegado de polĂcia : comentários Ă Lei 12,830/2013
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Brazil Must Address Prison Overcrowding and Implement Measures Against Torture. August 14, 2015.
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437:, was created by presidential decree 5.289 on November 29, 2004. It is not a security force
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Police is commissioned with both preventive and investigative functions of federal crimes.
8:
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The real population bomb : megacities, global security & the map of the future
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608:(DEPEN), and the head of this prison administration is Renato Campos Pinto de Vitto.
597:
589:
195:
97:
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251:, is the third and last component of the federal police force. Its main function is
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and have law practicing or law enforcement experience of at least three years.
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92:, that is, the first seven aforementioned forces. As a new force cited in the
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Brazil Aims to Build 30 Prisons This Year to Tackle Crisis. January 17, 2017.
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85:
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1154:. Miskel, James F., 1946- (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books.
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622:
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125:
104:
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84:, Law enforcement forces with an obligation to maintain public safety by
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823:, text translated to English (unofficial). Accessed September 5, 2007.
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In 1808, the Portuguese royal family relocated to Brazil, due to the
121:
100:), Guards forward the occurrence to the Civil and/or Federal police.
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979:. Pereira, Eliomar da Silva,, Dezan, Sandro Lucio. Curitiba. 2013.
171:
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59:
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are the ones listed in article 144 of the Federal Constitution's
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1218:
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132:
17:
372:
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and former governor of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Mr.
1117:"Brazil's police killings condemned by Human Rights Watch"
393:) Brazilian section, Mr. George Henry Millard. The former
937:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 29, paragraph 3"
760:
567:
45:
are others which affiliate to municipal authorities: the
1266:
452:
has been called upon to maintain order, most notably in
302:
There are three types of state police institutions: the
413:
278:
branch of the Federal District Military Police, during
1145:
1143:
1099:"Amnesty International reports on Violence in Brazil"
845:(in Portuguese), PresidĂŞncia da RepĂşblica, 2019-12-04
371:, the guardsmen are subordinated to the municipality
242:. It maintains order, but does not investigate crime.
2749:
691:
Published June 1, 2001. Accessed September 5, 2007.
1105:, No. 489, 29 May 2003, Accessed September 5, 2007.
76:
Federal Highway Police (PolĂcia Rodoviária Federal)
1140:
1115:Kraul, Chris; Soares, Marcelo (December 9, 2009).
913:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 52, XIII"
120:was recruited. By the seventeenth century, most "
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889:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 51, IV"
224:Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)
1232:
1230:
1101:, SEJUP (Servico Brasileiro de Justica e Paz),
1185:"Brazil's Sky-High Murder Rate Begins to Fall"
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808:"Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 144"
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2854:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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839:[Constitutional Amendment no. 104],
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821:"Brazilian Federal Constitution in English"
170:organizations were maintained, such as the
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2180:
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1346:
1332:
1007:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
789:
1246:
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1183:Pearson, Luciana Magalhaes and Samantha.
346:
777:Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo
534:are at times also referred to as police.
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270:
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103:There are two primary police functions:
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1209:http://prisonstudies.org/country/brazil
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939:. Brazilian Government (official text)
915:. Brazilian Government (official text)
891:. Brazilian Government (official text)
810:. Brazilian Government (official text)
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523:agencies of their own, similar to the
486:Companhia de PolĂcia do BatalhĂŁo Naval
367:of Brazil. Created in the time of the
38:State Military Police and Fire Brigade
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1327:
857:"Força Nacional de Segurança Pública"
445:Army, Navy and Air Force police units
266:
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759:Brazilian Federal Police Department
235:has the main function of patrolling
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154:The first federal police force, the
1420:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
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606:Departamento Penitenciário Nacional
435:Força Nacional de Segurança Pública
422:Força Nacional de Segurança Pública
13:
2226:
1087:"Police brutality in urban Brazil"
14:
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1415:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
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2750:Law enforcement in South America
1400:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
1276:"Rio de Janeiro Military Police"
961:"Resolução Nº 344 de 09/09/2020"
669:Brazilian Military Criminal Code
391:International Police Association
320:Military Police and Fire Brigade
183:investigation after an offence.
36:, the Federal Penal Police, the
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779:. p.758. SĂŁo Paulo: Malheiros.
219:Departamento de PolĂcia Federal
2218:National Public Security Force
1308:"Minas Gerais Military Police"
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837:"EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL NÂş 104"
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763:. Accessed September 5, 2007.
753:
733:
710:
697:
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549:fit to military police service
431:National Public Security Force
418:National Public Security Force
1:
1284:"Rio de Janeiro Civil Police"
1207:Brazil’s Correctional System
959:Conselho Nacional de Justiça
875:Accessed September 13, 2007.
743:. p.190. SĂŁo Paulo: Saraiva.
716:Minas Gerais Military Police
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644:Brazilian Intelligence Agency
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395:Brazilian Minister of Justice
2709:Ministry of Justice (Brazil)
1223:Brazil’s Correctional System
859:Accessed September 5, 2007.
727:Accessed September 5, 2007.
703:Rio de Janeiro Civil Police
527:forces in the United States.
314:and the State Penal Police.
296:Military Police of SĂŁo Paulo
7:
1862:Water supply and sanitation
1410:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
1385:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
1316:"Minas Gerais Civil Police"
1292:"SĂŁo Paulo Military Police"
1137:Accessed September 5, 2007.
1135:"Brazil - Police Brutality"
1089:Accessed September 5, 2007.
707:Accessed September 5, 2007.
637:
580:Police misconduct in Brazil
530:The security forces of the
308:Military Firefighters Corps
10:
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1390:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
873:"Exército nas ruas do Rio"
664:List of scandals in Brazil
602:Carandiru massacre of 1992
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201:PolĂcia Rodoviária Federal
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739:Tourinho Filho, F. 2004.
649:Brazilian police militias
1567:Administrative divisions
1300:"SĂŁo Paulo Civil Police"
1267:Brazilian Federal Police
492:, and Air Force Police (
199:Federal Highway Police (
82:Supreme Federal Tribunal
49:. According to Minister
2213:Federal Railroad Police
963:Accessed May 22, 2023.
474:PolĂcia do ExĂ©rcito, PE
294:a special force of the
158:, was created in 1852.
156:Federal Railroad Police
34:Federal Railroad Police
2232:
2208:Federal Highway Police
1723:Science and technology
1405:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
1150:Liotta, P. H. (2012).
1133:Amnesty International
1057:: CS1 maint: others (
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584:Human rights in Brazil
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578:Further information:
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409:Other security forces
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164:military dictatorship
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69:police attributions.
55:Supreme Federal Court
1541:World Heritage Sites
1474:Environmental issues
1447:Brazilian Antarctica
1085:Human Rights Report
741:Processo Penal vol.1
654:Corruption in Brazil
515:and the state level
260:Federal Penal Police
191:Federal institutions
94:Federal Constitution
22:Federal Constitution
2648:Rio Grande do Norte
2498:Rio Grande do Norte
2350:Rio Grande do Norte
2090:Syncretic Religions
1998:Freedom of religion
1680:Automotive industry
632:Rio Grande do Norte
620:President of Brazil
542:Entry qualification
509:Chamber of Deputies
51:Alexandre de Moraes
2608:Mato Grosso do Sul
2458:Mato Grosso do Sul
2310:Mato Grosso do Sul
2233:
2050:Eastern Orthodoxy
2043:Ukrainian Catholic
1738:Telecommunications
1395:Empire (1822–1889)
1380:Indigenous peoples
1027:Inquérito policial
775:Silva, J.A. 2004.
761:"HistĂłrico do DPF"
723:2008-07-12 at the
562:as well as in the
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361:Guardas Municipais
300:
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267:State institutions
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1582:Foreign relations
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1161:978-1-61234-107-1
1121:Los Angeles Times
705:"Historical Data"
689:"ADIn n.236-8/RJ"
590:police misconduct
433:, officially the
375:. Organized as a
217:, officially the
178:Primary functions
105:maintaining order
98:flagrante delicto
80:According to the
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618:As of 2017, the
377:Municipal police
369:Empire of Brazil
353:Municipal Guards
168:political police
47:Municipal Guards
2891:
2890:
2886:
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2751:
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2718:
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2687:
2551:(list by state)
2550:
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2395:Military Police
2389:
2234:
2222:
2191:
2186:
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2138:
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1984:
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1876:
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1765:
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1648:
1624:Law enforcement
1545:
1531:Water resources
1511:Protected areas
1424:
1361:
1352:
1319:(in Portuguese)
1318:
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1303:(in Portuguese)
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728:
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715:
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692:
687:Court Decision
686:
682:
677:
659:Crime in Brazil
640:
627:extreme poverty
586:
576:
544:
538:
521:security police
480:, Navy Police (
411:
349:
304:Military Police
269:
193:
180:
113:
12:
11:
5:
2889:
2879:
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2665:
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2640:
2635:
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2625:
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2615:
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2605:
2600:
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2588:EspĂrito Santo
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2554:
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2430:
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2399:
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2367:
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2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
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2317:
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2282:
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2267:
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2257:
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2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:Flag of Brazil
2225:
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2205:
2203:Federal Police
2199:
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2193:
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2185:
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2162:
2153:
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1994:
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1986:
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1807:Demographics
1685:Central Bank
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1592:Human rights
1572:Constitution
1442:Amazon basin
1203:
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812:. Retrieved
776:
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623:Michel Temer
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456:. There are
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2016:Catholicism
1930:Malandragem
1895:Archaeology
1822:Immigration
1728:Stock index
1670:Agriculture
1469:Environment
718:"HistĂłrico"
588:Reports of
476:) for the
466:Army Police
399:Tarso Genro
386:English for
339:government.
282:activities.
162:During the
2633:Pernambuco
2483:Pernambuco
2335:Pernambuco
2055:Antiochian
1980:Television
1950:Newspapers
1925:Literature
1797:Corruption
1792:Censorship
1717:(currency)
1587:Government
1194:2019-11-21
943:2023-05-22
919:2023-05-22
895:2023-05-22
819:See also:
814:2023-05-22
675:References
598:corruption
592:, such as
574:Misconduct
500:) for the
494:Portuguese
488:) for the
482:Portuguese
470:Portuguese
357:Portuguese
253:patrolling
122:capitanias
2820:Venezuela
2765:Argentina
2683:Tocantins
2673:SĂŁo Paulo
2533:Tocantins
2523:SĂŁo Paulo
2385:Tocantins
2375:SĂŁo Paulo
2100:Quimbanda
2095:Candomblé
1965:Sculpture
1940:Mythology
1890:Animation
1832:Languages
1812:Education
1753:Transport
1614:Judiciary
1577:Elections
1526:Time Zone
1501:Mountains
1464:Coastline
1430:Geography
1170:780445041
1053:cite book
1045:993875738
1003:cite book
995:901375778
594:brutality
532:Judiciary
502:Air Force
405:workers.
2870:Category
2810:Suriname
2800:Paraguay
2785:Colombia
2692:See also
2658:RondĂ´nia
2598:MaranhĂŁo
2573:Amazonas
2508:RondĂ´nia
2448:MaranhĂŁo
2418:Amazonas
2360:RondĂ´nia
2300:MaranhĂŁo
2270:Amazonas
2142:Category
2080:Hinduism
2029:Maronite
2008:Buddhism
1990:Religion
1955:Painting
1905:Carnaval
1787:Abortion
1733:Taxation
1705:Industry
1629:Military
1555:Politics
1536:Wildlife
1506:Pantanal
1375:Timeline
1359:articles
721:Archived
638:See also
240:highways
172:DOI-CODI
137:Portugal
60:de facto
2815:Uruguay
2790:Ecuador
2770:Bolivia
2678:Sergipe
2663:Roraima
2623:ParaĂba
2563:Alagoas
2528:Sergipe
2513:Roraima
2473:ParaĂba
2408:Alagoas
2380:Sergipe
2365:Roraima
2325:ParaĂba
2260:Alagoas
2196:Federal
2126:Outline
2105:Umbanda
2085:Judaism
2036:Melkite
1920:Cuisine
1882:Culture
1867:Welfare
1775:Society
1743:Tourism
1700:Exports
1658:Economy
1516:Regions
1491:Islands
1486:Geology
1452:Climate
1367:History
613:favelas
558:In the
458:provost
298:(PMESP)
237:federal
166:, some
111:History
66:de jure
53:of the
2795:Guyana
2775:Brazil
2628:Paraná
2546:Local
2478:Paraná
2330:Paraná
2147:Portal
2003:BaháʼĂ
1975:Sports
1915:Comics
1910:Cinema
1842:People
1817:Health
1710:Mining
1695:Energy
1521:Rivers
1357:
1355:Brazil
1168:
1158:
1043:
1033:
993:
983:
783:
747:
511:, the
439:per se
382:rondas
373:mayors
310:, the
133:French
40:, the
32:, the
28:, the
20:, the
18:Brazil
2780:Chile
2638:PiauĂ
2593:Goiás
2583:Ceará
2578:Bahia
2568:Amapá
2488:PiauĂ
2443:Goiás
2428:Ceará
2423:Bahia
2413:Amapá
2340:PiauĂ
2295:Goiás
2280:Ceará
2275:Bahia
2265:Amapá
2239:State
2133:Index
2075:Islam
1935:Music
1872:Youth
1802:Crime
1715:Real
611:The "
519:keep
90:Caput
2805:Peru
2618:Pará
2558:Acre
2468:Pará
2403:Acre
2320:Pará
2255:Acre
1900:Arts
1602:LGBT
1166:OCLC
1156:ISBN
1059:link
1041:OCLC
1031:ISBN
1013:link
1009:link
991:OCLC
981:ISBN
781:ISBN
745:ISBN
596:and
582:and
507:The
490:Navy
478:Army
450:Army
429:The
351:The
334:The
327:and
318:The
292:ROTA
258:The
245:The
229:The
211:The
63:and
2833:and
2063:LDS
1619:Law
1189:WSJ
568:Law
16:In
2872::
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1215:^
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1075:.
1061:)
1047:.
1015:)
997:.
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389:(
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