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169:. In September, Rochet-Schneider and Baverey came to an agreement, upon which the inventor was selling his patents to the car manufacturer, and agreed to make them aware of any further improvement he would make to his invention. As a counterpart, Rochet-Schneider would pay him for every carburettor they would make, plus 40% of every
423:
and engine speed. The following year saw the introduction of the inverted carburettor, which allowed for a 10% increase in power for the same fuel consumption, as well as improved response, through positioning the air intake on top of the carburettor instead of at its base. 1932 saw the introduction
378:, half the cars exposed were fitted with Zenith carburettors, while the rest had theirs made by 19 different manufacturers. During the year 1928, 100,000 carburettors were manufactured monthly by the sole Lyon factory, with similar figures for the Detroit plant. The same year, the entire
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led to production increase, up to a point where the factory size was not large enough and Zénith had to ask Rochet-Schneider to lend them more real estate. The Lyon factory grew up to occupy 25,000 square metres (6.2 acres), with the facade length reaching 350 metres (380 yd).
415:. Unfortunately, this implied an important carburettor size, plus high production costs, which led to the triple diffuser being abandoned after a few years. The 1929 type U carburettor, on the other hand, was a success. It allowed for true
173:
fee they would get, both in France and abroad. Production of Zénith carburettors then started at the Rochet-Schneider factory, and by 1908 every car they produced was fitted with one. By 1909, another auto maker of Lyon,
135:, the second of whom allowed the mixture to keep the same ratio independently of the engine speed. He applied for patent on 30 June 1906 in France, and then in the United Kingdom, the United States, the
374:
or preheaters. Their industrial policy turned into success, as Zénith products went on to be offered by the main auto makers of the time, both French and foreign. As an example, at the 1924 Lyon
474:
98:
company DVG. One of the main carburettor manufacturers of the 20th century, it had factories in Lyon and abroad, including in the United States and the United
Kingdom.
411:. Based on three concentric air diffusers, it brutally accelerated the air stream, thus allowing for a very thin fuel vaporization, and finally its nearly total
477:, they had to make do with previous designs, and went on to manufacture kits allowing the French to use the fuels they were allowed by the Germans, namely
220:
capital. The CEO of the new company was Amédée
Boulade, with Baverey retained as head engineer. Rochet-Schneider lent part of their own premises to the
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Zénith carburettors being in high demand, with 2,740 items manufactured in 1907–1908, and production licenses sold to Cottin & Desgouttes,
1095:
274:
double every year. With such riches flowing, the company was able to afford the services of architect Louis Payet, who designed a majestic
389:
Zénith adverts tried to present the carburettor as a key ingredient to the motorist's pleasure, while showing driving ladies,
1074:
347:", teaching the virtues of the Zénith carburettors. While retaining his trademark glasses and long beard, the prof. sports a
626:
458:
311:
255:
407:. In 1921, Zénith introduced a "triple diffuser" carburettor, aiming to improve the fuel/air mixture homogeneity and thus
1003:
449:. As carburettors became increasingly complex, research became costly, so they reached an agreement with the American
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in 1959. In 1963, the Lyon factory was sold to
Berliet as well, and carburettor production was moved to subsidiary
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Operations continued during the 1950s and 1960s, even though main shareholder Rochet-Schneider was taken over by
186:
702:[When the purchase of a Lorraine-Dietrich marks the beginning of a capital automotive invention!].
408:
337:
War touched every department of the company. It had started advertising in 1913, with the creation of a
1070:
760:[The Zenith carburettor: a Lyon-born technological innovation revolutionizing the automobile].
700:"Quand l'achat d'une Lorraine Dietrich est à l'origine d'une inovation déterminante pour l'automobile!"
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ratio to the engine speed. Although not an engineer, Baverey had a keen interest in mathematics and
52:
33:
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and experience. This led to the introduction of Zenith-Stromberg carburettors in 1935, as well as
547:
873:
A technical & operational history of the
Liberty engine: Tanks, ships and aircraft 1917–1960
758:"Le carburateur Zénith : une innovation technologique née à Lyon révolutionne l'automobile"
506:. In 1970, all Zénith automotive activities were taken over by the former German licensee, DVG (
513:
175:
83:
871:
226:. The first carb made by the now-independent company was the Zénith type D, which included a
161:. During summer 1906, he offered him access to that company's workshops and laboratories in
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subsidiary). As they already owned Solex, DVG merged both companies under the name SEDEC (
8:
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to produce and sell Zenith carburettors abroad. The first one was created in
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1052:(in French). Fondation de l’automobile Marius Berliet. 29 April 2014
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If World War I had been good for Zénith, such was not the case of
366:. Zénith went on to make various carburation accessories, such as
564:
and its subsidiaries were fitted to many vehicles. Among others:
493:
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128:
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338:
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1913 gate to the Société du
Carburateur Zénith factory in Lyon.
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1004:"Entreprise – Aéronautique : Intertechnique carbure fort"
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157:Édouard Rochet, one of Baverey's friends, was a director at
1006:[Business – Aerospace: Intertechnique fuels well].
976:"Histoire de Rochet-Schneider après la 2nd guerre mondiale"
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Advertising evolved, and prof. Zénith was dropped in 1920.
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for the Lyon factory in 1913, opening on a steel and glass
275:
87:
46:
978:[History of Rochet-Schneider after World War II].
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891:
453:, under the terms of which they would put in common their
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did not work well, he came to realize this was due to the
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322:. In the US, Zenith carbs were among those fitted to the
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750:
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74:) was a French corporation specialized in the making of
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in 1971. That last remnant of Zénith was taken over by
242:
controlling their own factories were created abroad as
558:
During the 20th century, carburettors manufactured by
745:
636:
428:
on Zénith products, one year after their competitor
876:. North Branch: Specialty Press. pp. 131–134.
697:
1044:[ZENITH: the carburettor of the century]
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502:(Troyan company for mechanical applications) in
254:of Detroit, Michigan in the United States. The
30:machinery industry and plant construction
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111:In 1903, 1873-born François Baverey bought a
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393:, and even stars such as Hollywood actress
382:range was fitted with Zenith carburettors.
314:, as it started producing carburettors for
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1101:Defunct manufacturing companies of France
1073:, 1955 visit of the Lyon factory, by the
1066:Visite de l'usine des carburateurs Zénith
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266:, Italy, in 1916. From 1909 to 1916, the
1042:"ZÉNITH : le carburateur du siècle"
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292:
185:
698:Jean-Noël Rossignol (30 January 2014).
403:went on, continually trying to improve
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18:French company, makers of carburettors
1106:Manufacturing companies based in Lyon
489:. Normal operations resumed in 1946.
1096:French companies established in 1909
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627:Zenith Carburettor Company (British)
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362:Diversification went on during the
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354:on 1914–1918 advertising material.
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1075:Institut national de l'audiovisuel
1002:Alix, Xavier (17 September 2012).
870:Neal, Robert J. (5 January 2009).
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519:Société européenne de carburation
123:not being able to adjust the air/
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208:was created in July 1909 as a
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438:Société du carburateur Zénith
235:Société du carburateur Zénith
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66:Société du carburateur Zénith
22:Société du carburateur Zénith
459:Bendix-Stromberg carburetors
90:in 1909 by car manufacturer
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475:German military occupation
329:. The increasing military
256:Zenith Carburettor Company
250:in 1910, then in 1911 the
167:3rd arrondissement of Lyon
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101:
982:(in French). 7 March 2012
762:Memoires-industrielles.fr
704:Patrimoine Automobile.com
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252:Zenith Carburetor Company
238:then went international.
72:Zenith carburetor company
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1091:Carburetor manufacturers
401:Research and development
799:[Carburation].
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176:Cottin & Desgouttes
86:industries. Created in
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465:World War II and after
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244:joint-stock companies
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1050:fondationberliet.org
441:had been hit by the
795:Boursin, Philippe.
525:Zénith Aéronautique
182:1909: a new company
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451:Bendix Corporation
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303:, 2 February 1918.
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554:Applications
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471:World War II
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455:laboratories
434:
426:choke valves
419:between the
409:fuel economy
399:
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368:fuel filters
361:
341:character, "
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324:Liberty L-12
306:
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283:long gallery
240:Subsidiaries
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76:carburettors
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70:(French for
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42:Headquarters
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803:(in French)
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706:(in French)
611:Peugeot 504
421:accelerator
395:Pearl White
372:air filters
349:French Army
327:aero engine
308:World War I
214:shareholder
212:. The main
121:carburettor
1085:Categories
1056:24 October
1021:27 October
986:27 October
807:26 October
768:24 October
710:24 October
682:References
633:Appendices
569:Citroën DS
413:combustion
163:Monplaisir
80:automotive
1016:2266-2839
593:Renault 5
585:Renault 6
579:Renault 4
483:acetylene
435:By 1934,
376:Auto show
316:airplanes
145:astronomy
143:. A keen
84:aerospace
78:for both
621:See also
487:gasogene
391:holidays
339:humorous
260:Stanmore
228:throttle
148:hobbyist
27:Industry
1071:YouTube
591:, then
577:, then
494:Berliet
479:ethanol
445:of the
443:effects
223:Société
200:Peugeot
171:license
133:nozzles
129:physics
107:Origins
102:History
1014:
880:
605:Trafic
504:Troyes
331:demand
272:profit
248:Berlin
218:francs
152:zenith
117:engine
96:German
49:
1046:(PDF)
601:Fuego
534:Loire
430:Solex
264:Turin
141:Italy
1058:2020
1023:2020
1012:ISSN
988:2020
878:ISBN
809:2020
770:2020
712:2020
613:and
603:and
587:and
485:and
380:Ford
318:and
276:gate
198:and
139:and
125:fuel
88:Lyon
82:and
47:Lyon
1069:on
615:505
424:of
258:of
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