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27:
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864 cc (52.5 in) Types N and Q (the latter a low-priced K), the 8 CV (6 kW) R, and their first multi-cylinder model, the two-cylinder 1728 cc (105 in) 12 CV (8 kW) S, followed in 1904 by the four-cylinder 2,545 cc (155.3 cu in) 15 CV (11 kW) Type AD and 24 CV (18 kW) AI. The cars were also becoming more and more conventional in
666:
604:
drove his De Dion Bouton up to the Irish HQ in O'Connell Street and, discovering that the Rising he had planned and trained soldiers for, and then tried to prevent, was actually happening, he drove it into a barricade, walked into the GPO and said: "I've helped to wind the clock, I've come to hear it
223:
Following that singular success, the company offered steam tricycles, with boilers between the front wheels and two-cylinder engines. They were built in small numbers, and were evidently a favorite of young playboys. They were later joined by a larger tractor, able to pull trailers (sometimes called
439:
The De Dion-Bouton engine is considered the first high-speed lightweight internal combustion engine. It was licensed to more than 150 manufacturers and was a popular choice among assemblers of motor bicycles. The small, lightweight four-cycle engine used a battery and coil ignition that was less
178:
Before 1883 was over, the company had set up shop in larger premises in the
Passage de LĂ©on, Paris, tried and dropped steam engines for boats, and produced a steam car. With the boiler and engine mounted at the front, driving the front wheels by belts and steering with the rear, it burned to the
512:
The engine moved to the front in 1903 in the
Populaire, which had a 700 or 942 cc (42.7 or 57.5 cu in) engine, the latter being powerful enough to allow trucks to be added to cars, and by the end of the year, a reverse gear had also appeared. It was joined by the 6 CV (4 kW)
496:
In 1900, De Dion-Bouton was the largest automobile manufacturer in the world, producing 400 cars and 3,200 engines. The company soon began producing engines and licenses for other automobile companies, with an estimate of 150 makes using them. Production was so great, that it proved
399:
had one inestimable advantage: the expanding clutches of the gearbox were operated by a lever on the steering column. The Model D was developed through Models E, G, I, and J, with 6 CV (4.5 kW) by 1902, when the 8 CV (6 kW) Model K rear-entry
212:. Evidently, the promotion was insufficient, because De Dion was the sole entrant. It completed the course, with de Dion at the tiller, and was clocked at 60 km/h (37 mph). That figure must be viewed with considerable care, because the first official
444:. The bore of 50 mm (2.0 in) and stroke of 70 mm (2.8 in) gave the engine an output of 1 kW (1.3 hp). It was used on many pioneering motor bicycles, and was widely copied by makers including US Brands Indian and Harley-Davidson.
471:
The venture was in operation for only one year, and the cars gained a reputation for unreliability during that time. Representatives of De Dion in the United States claimed that the licensee had violated the contract and advertised for a new licensee.
408:. Until World War I, De Dion-Boutons had an unusual decelerator pedal which reduced engine speed and ultimately applied a transmission brake. In 1902, the Model O introduced three speeds, which was standard for all De Dion-Boutons in 1904.
539:, a 35 CV (26 kW) 6,107 cc (372.7 cu in) CJ in 1910, followed by a 7.8 liter and a 14.7 liter for the U.S., as well as by a 3,534 cc (215.7 cu in) Type CN in 1912. (They trailed
314:
and running rough), when Bouton increased the revs, the problems vanished. In trials, it achieved an unprecedented 3500 rpm, and was usually run at 2,000 rpm, a limit imposed by its atmospheric valves and surface
151:
in a store window in 1881 and asked the toymakers to build another. Engineers Bouton and Trépardoux had been eking out a living with scientific toys at a shop in the
Passage de LĂ©on, near the rue de la Chapelle in
253:. In 1893, steam tractors were introduced which were designed to tow horse-drawn carriages for passengers or freight (sometimes called "steam drags") which used an innovative axle design that became known as the
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1151:
617:. The V8 continued to appear until 1923 and, in spite of new models with front-wheel brakes, the factory closed for much of 1927. On reopening, two models were listed, the
1146:
391:, the Model D, with its 3Âľ CV (2.8 kW) 402 cc (24.5 cu in) single-cylinder engine under the seat and drive to the rear wheels through a two-speed
912:
135:
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633:. The latter was very expensive and sales were few, despite an increase in engine size growth to 3 litres (180 cu in) in 1930. A rumored takeover by
605:
strike." He was killed in a charge against a machine gun nest in Moore Street days later. A famous photograph shows the skeleton of the car in its barricade.
239:, it averaged 18.7 km/h (11.6 mph) over the 126 km (78 mi) route, but was disqualified because it needed both a driver and a stoker.
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216:, set in 1898, was 63.15 km/h (39.24 mph). The vehicle survives, is in road-worthy condition, and has been a regular entry in the
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By 1889, de Dion was becoming convinced the future lay in the internal combustion engine, and the company had built a ten-cylinder two-row
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impossible to test every engine. If one failed on the bench, it was simply disassembled. Every engine was being made by hand because the
501:
had not yet been introduced. By 1904, some 40,000 engines had been supplied across Europe. That year, De Dion-Bouton's factory at
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Small numbers of commercial vehicles were made until 1950, and the last vehicles to carry the De Dion badge were license-made
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341:) (932 W) 185 cc (11.3 cu in), with 1Âľ CV (1.3 kW) in 1897. By the time production of the
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520:
A pair of works 10 CV (7.5 kW) De Dion-Boutons, in the hands of
Cormier and Collignon, ran in the 1907
460:
In 1900, the De Dion-Bouton
Motorette Company began manufacturing De Dion-Bouton automobiles under license in
208:
349:
185:, was built the next year, with a more conventional steering and rear-wheel drive, capable of seating four.
264:
and trucks until 1904. Trépardoux, a staunch supporter of steam, resigned in 1894 as the company turned to
236:
140:
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tricar stopped in 1901, it had 2Âľ CV (2 kW), while racers had as much as 8 CV (6 kW).
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525:
517:, with the radiator moving in front of the engine and the clutch changing from a hand lever to a pedal.
337:. It showed superb performance, and went on the market in 1896 with the engine enlarged to 1ÂĽ CV (
579:
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who mounted a 2.5 horsepower (1.9 kW) unit directly on the front axle of their front-wheel-drive
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was formed in Paris in 1883. That became the De Dion-Bouton automobile company, the world's largest
319:. Inlet and exhaust valves were overhead, and a flywheel was fitted to each end of the crankshaft.
268:
vehicles. However, the steam car remained in production more or less unchanged for ten years more.
464:, New York. A small quantity of American De Dion Motorettes were made. They had either two-seater
544:
424:
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or closed coachwork, and were powered by a 3.5 horsepower (2.6 kW) American-made engines.
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railways in France and abroad. The first railcars were produced in the early 1920s, with the
571:
1050:
Wise, David
Burgess (1974). "De Dion: The Aristocrat and the Toymaker". In Ward, Ian (ed.).
306:. For 1895, Bouton created a new 137 cc (8.4 cu in) one-cylinder engine with
311:
228:
or "dead" axle. An axle beam carried the weight of the vehicle with the non-weight-bearing
116:
55:
8:
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395:. This curious design had the passenger facing the driver, who sat in the rear seat. The
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carries the weight by a rigid tube around the driveshaft, both parts fastened together.
175:
for a time, well-known for the quality, reliability, and durability of their vehicles.
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Hildebrand and
Wolfmueller, Control and Dynamic Analysis of two-wheeled road vehicles.
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Two more cars were made in 1885, followed by a series of lightweight two-cylinder
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509:, employed 1,300 people and produced more than 2,000 cars, all hand-made.
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in an 1887 trial, "Europe's first motoring competition", the brainchild of one
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manufacturer, which operated from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the
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did not materialize, leading to the end of passenger car production in 1932.
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The same year, the tricar was joined by a four-wheeler and in 1900 by a
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De Dion-Bouton built railcars and railcar trailers used on many of the
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310:. Proving troublesome at its designed speed of 900 rpm (throwing
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rally, without success. Bouvier St. Chaffray did no better in the
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De Dion-Bouton supplied engines to vehicle manufacturers such as
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113:
109:
93:
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aircraft engine.) This would be the company's last innovation.
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a "steam drag"). That larger vehicle introduced the so-called
621:, with a 1,982 cc (120.9 cu in) four-cylinder
528:
in 1908. That year, De Dion-Bouton peaked as a manufacturer.
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appeared, with front-end styling resembling the contemporary
153:
434:
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559:
1087:
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
1054:. Vol. 5. London: Orbis Publishing. pp. 510–4.
411:
A small number of electric cars were also made in 1901.
302:. After Trépardoux resigned in 1894, the company became
800:
texte, Parti social français Auteur du (23 July 1894).
147:
The company was formed in 1883 after de Dion saw a toy
1152:
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1932
665:
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in the early 1950s. The company name was bought by a
232:
or drive chains articulated separately alongside it.
1147:
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1883
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898:
896:
163:De Dion, already inspired by steam in the form of
905:"Hemmings Find of the Day – Vis-a-Vis a Brooklyn"
322:This engine was fitted behind the rear axle of a
167:, and with ample money, agreed to back them, and
1073:
893:
882:
677:De Dion-Bouton OC1 and OC2 railcars (foreground)
1039:
629:, with a 2,496 cc (152.3 cu in)
585:mounted on a V8-powered De Dion-Bouton truck.
271:
1082:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France
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456:1901 De Dion-Bouton made in the United States
160:, but neither he nor Bouton could afford it.
156:. Trépardoux had long dreamed of building a
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415:Engine supplier to automobile manufacturers
376:1903 De Dion & Bouton 8 CV in the
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435:Engine supplier to motor bicycle builders
352:had a De Dion-Bouton modified with fixed
1102:Electric vehicle manufacturers of France
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935:Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile
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689:receiving its first vehicles in 1923.
1172:Motor vehicle manufacturers of France
1092:Rolling stock manufacturers of France
903:Adolphus, David Traver (2012-02-22).
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644:
608:
1157:French companies established in 1883
1003:
1046:(reprints AB Nordbok 1985 edition).
911:. American City Business Journals.
840:Yates, Brock. "10 Best Moguls", in
625:, aluminium-piston engine, and the
535:to make a successful mass-produced
447:
13:
1042:Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930
492:1906 De Dion-Bouton Type AM (6 CV)
218:London to Brighton Veteran Car Run
14:
1193:
1060:
1067:CNN: World's oldest car for sale
367:
360:gear, making "perhaps the first
294:towing a passenger in a carriage
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915:from the original on 2010-10-06
687:Chemin de Fer des CĂ´tes-du-Nord
378:Museo Nazionale dell'Automobile
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1:
1177:Truck manufacturers of France
879:, 1902 De Dion-Bouton Engine.
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130:
613:The company stagnated after
475:
431:the 'Viktoria Combination'.
304:De Dion, Bouton et Compagnie
276:
235:On 22 July 1894, during the
179:ground on trials. A second,
39:; 141 years ago
7:
1167:Car manufacturers of France
1044:. London: Grange-Universal.
812:– via gallica.bnf.fr.
660:
505:(now Quai de Dion-Bouton),
272:Internal combustion engines
10:
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1162:Economic history of France
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669:De Dion-Bouton JM4 railcar
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598:Irish War of Independence
596:of 1916, which began the
260:The company manufactured
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16:French automobile company
1052:The World of Automobiles
1040:Georgano, G. N. (1990).
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484:A De Dion-Bouton in 1905
1182:Cars introduced in 1883
580:Canon de 75 modèle 1897
574:weapons system for the
531:The company became the
292:De Dion-Bouton tricycle
283:De Dion-Bouton tricycle
173:automobile manufacturer
106:automobile manufacturer
990:humphrysfamilytree.com
986:"The O'Rahilly – Cars"
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330:, fitted with the new
308:trembler coil ignition
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246:which, from 1892, had
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933:Georgano, N. (2000).
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139:De Dion steam car in
138:
757:Georgano, p. 24 cap.
127:Charles Trépardoux.
117:Jules-Albert de Dion
56:Jules-Albert de Dion
558:, the company made
543:in racing the 1906
266:internal combustion
165:railway locomotives
21:
1107:Brass Era vehicles
1017:on 26 October 2016
875:2011-08-23 at the
802:"Le Petit journal"
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645:After World War II
609:Postwar stagnation
578:, consisting of a
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425:Société Parisienne
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326:frame bought from
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63:Charles Trépardoux
19:
975:Wise, p. 513 cap.
564:armoured vehicles
526:New York to Paris
442:hot tube ignition
214:land speed record
169:Trépardoux et Cie
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1112:Veteran vehicles
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1013:. Archived from
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568:aircraft engines
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448:American De Dion
237:Paris–Rouen race
194:de Dion entered
141:Paris–Rouen race
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683:metre gauge
651:Land Rovers
615:World War I
576:French Army
556:World War I
354:drive shaft
317:carburettor
262:steam buses
230:driveshafts
202:Fossier of
196:one of them
182:La Marquise
90:Automobiles
1142:1930s cars
1137:1920s cars
1132:1910s cars
1127:1900s cars
1122:1890s cars
1117:1880s cars
1097:Steam cars
1076:Categories
919:2012-10-19
806:Retrieved
717:References
655:motorcycle
631:straight-8
549:Antoinette
429:voiturette
397:voiturette
389:voiturette
339:horsepower
328:Decauville
149:locomotive
131:Steam cars
1021:4 January
995:4 January
870:Owls Head
808:4 January
707:live axle
583:field gun
537:V8 engine
476:Expansion
466:vis-a-vis
386:vis a vis
348:In 1898,
277:Tricycles
206:magazine
158:steam car
913:Archived
873:Archived
661:Railcars
639:Mercedes
462:Brooklyn
332:Michelin
324:tricycle
312:bearings
248:Michelin
94:railcars
86:Products
52:Founders
1033:Sources
635:Peugeot
627:Type LB
619:Type LA
562:parts,
554:During
515:styling
507:Puteaux
406:Renault
402:phaeton
393:gearbox
380:, Turin
362:hot rod
244:tricars
226:De Dion
204:cycling
191:Marquis
143:of 1894
114:Marquis
110:railcar
73:Puteaux
42: (
34:Founded
1011:"Avoe"
941:
768:passim
590:Dublin
566:, and
421:Hanzer
79:France
693:Notes
545:Adams
533:first
154:Paris
1023:2018
997:2018
939:ISBN
810:2018
705:The
541:Ader
423:and
356:and
188:The
108:and
92:and
44:1883
37:1883
637:or
588:In
560:gun
1078::
988:.
953:^
907:.
895:^
849:^
818:^
804:.
775:^
733:^
600:,
220:.
200:M.
119:,
76:,
1025:.
999:.
947:.
922:.
770:.
46:)
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