347:
39:
261:
339:, some members of the otherwise neutral Skinpah joined the Yakama and other Plateau groups in raids against American settlers. Chief Men-ni-nock signed the 1855 Yakama Treaty as a member of the "Skin-pah band of Yakama", beginning the relocation of Skinpah to the Yakama reservation. Sk'in was destroyed by the US Army during the war.
342:
Fishing rights to the area was maintained, and Sk'in was rebuilt in the decades following the war to enable access to the lucrative fishing sites at Celilo Falls. With significant conflict over local fishing rights between settlers and natives, white vigilantes destroyed Sk'in again in 1932, burning
327:
Immediately downstream was the village of Wapáykt, closely associated with Sk’in and grouped under
Skinpah in the 1855 Yakama Treaty. By the mid-19th century, the two villages had become essentially synonymous. Across the river was Wayám, the chief village of the Wayámɫáma band of Tenino (also known
365:
Following the 1932 arson, Skinpah fishermen moved across the river to a site named
Waxlaytq’ish. Both this site and the traditional village site of Sk’in were buried under Lake Celilo following the construction of The Dalles Dam. Skinpah contributed to the settlement of
331:
During the return journey of the Lewis and Clark expedition, a village later associated with Sk’in was marked as having 19 lodges. Villages were the nexuses of regional and cultural interaction for the groups along the
Columbia Gorge.
209:', a reference to a local rock formation which gave the principal village its name. Various other transliterations and spellings (Skeen, Skin, Skein, Sk’in-pam) are also used to refer to the group.
370:, which survived the flooding of Celilo Falls and still stands in the vicinity of the former Sk’in settlement. Descendants of the Skinpah are today enrolled in the Yakama and Warm Springs nations.
221:, sharing the lucrative Celilo Falls fishing grounds with other Sahaptin and Upper Chinookan peoples. Like other Columbia Gorge communities, they produced powdered salmon cakes (Sahaptin
392:
129:
1002:
1038:
850:
415:
1012:
885:
972:
880:
388:
188:
were used by the Lewis and Clark expedition in late 1805 to refer to a range of
Sahaptin peoples speaking the Tenino dialect within modern
816:
379:
1048:
936:
614:
269:
1053:
455:
300:
fishing villages along the
Columbia. Other tribal communities active in the Celilo Falls region included the Upper Chinookan
237:
992:
941:
450:. John A. Brown, Cary C. Collins, M. Dale Kinkade, Sean O'Neill (3rd ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
951:
916:
996:
157:
809:
594:
189:
122:
1006:
976:
659:
144:. Some Skinpah returned to Celilo Falls after relocation, living in Sk’in in close association with the
396:
133:
114:
1016:
802:
137:
738:
Butler, Virginia (July 2004). "9000 years of salmon fishing on the
Columbia River, North America".
346:
245:
367:
297:
241:
228:
161:
749:
534:
707:
Paul Kane's frontier, including
Wanderings of an artist among the Indians of North America
8:
740:
248:
traders traded with the Skeen, trading goods such as horses, guns, knives, and cloth for
753:
890:
765:
684:
676:
513:
110:
688:
635:
571:
517:
461:
451:
102:
83:
54:
38:
769:
921:
855:
845:
757:
668:
505:
309:
273:
177:, meaning 'the people of Sk’in', is the dominant Sahaptin endonym for the Skinpah.
784:
328:
as the Celilo). Upstream was the village of Qmił (or K’míł) at Rock Creek Canyon.
180:
Various names have been used in
English-language sources to refer to the Skinpah.
109:
living along the northern bank of the
Columbia River in what is now south-central
1043:
875:
840:
592:
Mooney, James (1896). "The Ghost-dance
Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890".
70:
761:
260:
218:
153:
1032:
900:
870:
465:
321:
305:
301:
145:
141:
106:
66:
926:
860:
118:
672:
509:
445:
206:
149:
680:
654:
336:
725:
Overlanders in the Columbia River Gorge 1840–1870: A Narrative History
986:
982:
702:
496:
Hunn, Eugene S. (Winter 2007). "Sk'in, The Other Side of the River".
956:
946:
931:
825:
794:
383:
97:
895:
286:
Human presence in the vicinity of Celilo Falls is attested from
313:
140:
as one of the fourteen constituent bands incorporated into the
296:
Prior to colonization, Sk’in was one of various Sahaptin and
252:. The Skinpah typically wore clothes fashioned from deerskin.
630:
628:
317:
625:
113:. They were first recorded as the E-nee-shers in 1805 by
1003:
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
447:
A guide to the Indian tribes of the Pacific Northwest
655:"Wakanish Naknoowee Thluma: 'Keepers of the Salmon'"
231:
1013:Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation
727:. Historical Research Associates, Inc. p. 64.
1030:
718:
716:
117:. Their village, Sk'in, was located adjacent to
973:Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation
722:
148:Wayámpam band until the area was buried under
810:
713:
587:
585:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
529:
527:
1039:Native American tribes in Washington (state)
419:
222:
196:
172:
87:
709:. University of Toronto Press. p. 112.
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
343:the village while its residents were away.
272:The location of the E-nee-sher as shown on
236:). These could be stored for up to a year.
817:
803:
582:
552:
524:
37:
350:Native salmon fishermen at Celilo Falls,
723:Gonzales, Jackie; Morgen, Young (2020).
695:
472:
345:
1031:
737:
591:
569:
156:. As a result, some enrolled with the
96:
798:
612:
535:"Treaty with the Yakama, 1855 | GOIA"
824:
701:
652:
495:
443:
43:Portrait of Skinpah chief Mancemuckt
993:Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
966:Tribal governments and reservations
160:and contributed to the founding of
13:
782:
14:
1065:
373:
259:
195:Skinpah is a transliteration of
997:Warm Springs Indian Reservation
776:
731:
409:
158:Warm Springs Indian Reservation
646:
606:
437:
382:, prophet and contemporary of
201:, the locative form of Tenino
136:, and were relocated onto the
1:
1049:History of Washington (state)
653:Sams, Charles F. III (2007).
430:
351:
287:
128:They were signatories of the
1054:Klickitat County, Washington
595:Bureau of American Ethnology
166:
16:Indigenous people of America
7:
1007:Umatilla Indian Reservation
977:Colville Indian Reservation
762:10.1016/j.yqres.2004.03.002
660:Oregon Historical Quarterly
498:Oregon Historical Quarterly
217:The Skinpah were extensive
10:
1070:
420:
281:
212:
152:by the 1957 completion of
1017:Yakama Indian Reservation
965:
909:
833:
65:
60:
53:
48:
36:
30:
29:
983:Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho
787:. National Park Service.
615:"Pounding Fish, Wishham"
444:Ruby, Robert H. (2010).
402:
105:-speaking people of the
570:Fisher, Andrew (2022).
232:
223:
197:
173:
88:
636:"Celilo Falls, Oregon"
619:Oregon History Project
362:
276:' map of Celilo Falls
71:other Sahaptin peoples
987:Nez Perce Reservation
673:10.1353/ohq.2007.0005
640:National Park Service
510:10.1353/ohq.2007.0028
393:Yakama Treaty of 1855
349:
130:Yakama Treaty of 1855
61:Related ethnic groups
613:Allen, Cain (2006).
98:[skʼinˈɬama]
754:2004QuRes..62....1B
741:Quaternary Research
576:Oregon Encyclopedia
397:Walla Walla Council
391:, signatory of the
308:; and the Sahaptin
240:groups such as the
26:
785:"Sarah Winnemucca"
691:– via JSTOR.
363:
246:Hudson Bay Company
138:Yakama Reservation
24:
1026:
1025:
910:Prominent figures
457:978-0-8061-4024-7
76:
75:
1061:
922:Old Chief Joseph
819:
812:
805:
796:
795:
789:
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783:Martin, Nicole.
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274:Meriwether Lewis
263:
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219:salmon fishermen
200:
190:Klickitat County
176:
123:Klickitat County
100:
95:
91:
41:
27:
23:
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961:
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886:Upper Nisqually
829:
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642:. May 10, 2023.
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298:Upper Chinookan
291: 7000 BCE
290:
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215:
169:
162:Celilo Village.
115:Lewis and Clark
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12:
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5:
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504:(4): 614–623.
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374:Notable people
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368:Celilo Village
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154:The Dalles Dam
121:in modern day
107:Tenino dialect
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2:
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937:Looking Glass
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881:Upper Cowlitz
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142:Yakama Nation
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67:Tenino people
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40:
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28:
19:
927:Chief Joseph
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739:
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664:
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618:
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542:. Retrieved
538:
501:
497:
446:
439:
411:
364:
359: 1940s
355: 1930s
341:
334:
330:
326:
295:
285:
249:
216:
202:
194:
185:
181:
179:
170:
127:
119:Celilo Falls
79:
77:
21:Ethnic group
18:
917:Yellow Bird
891:Walla Walla
851:Lower Snake
544:October 25,
539:goia.wa.gov
389:Me-ni-nockt
335:During the
238:Great Basin
207:cradleboard
150:Lake Celilo
134:Walla Walla
1033:Categories
942:White Bird
748:(1): 1–8.
703:Kane, Paul
667:(4): 647.
431:References
357: – c.
337:Yakima War
111:Washington
94:pronounced
856:Nez Perce
846:Klickitat
689:165679936
602:(2): 740.
518:165209382
466:557404302
310:Klickitat
174:Sk’inłáma
171:The term
167:Etymology
101:) were a
89:Sk’inłáma
49:Languages
31:Sk’inłáma
957:Kanasket
952:Kamiakin
947:Colestah
932:Qualchan
876:Umatilla
841:Kittitas
826:Sahaptin
770:31991125
705:(1971).
681:20615803
416:Sahaptin
384:Smohalla
186:Eneesher
182:Eneeshur
103:Sahaptin
84:Sahaptin
55:Sahaptin
896:Wanapum
866:Skinpah
834:Nations
828:peoples
750:Bibcode
572:"Sk'in"
421:Shχmáya
395:at the
380:Skimiah
306:Wishram
282:History
213:Culture
198:sk’inpa
80:Skinpah
25:Skinpah
1044:Yakama
901:Yakama
871:Tenino
768:
687:
679:
516:
464:
454:
322:Tenino
320:, and
314:Yakama
250:ch’láy
242:Paiute
233:killuk
224:ch’láy
146:Tenino
861:Palus
766:S2CID
685:S2CID
677:JSTOR
514:S2CID
403:Notes
302:Wasco
203:sk’in
546:2022
462:OCLC
452:ISBN
318:Tygh
304:and
244:and
184:and
78:The
758:doi
669:doi
665:108
506:doi
502:108
293:.
132:at
1035::
764:.
756:.
746:62
744:.
715:^
683:.
675:.
663:.
657:.
638:.
627:^
617:.
600:14
598:.
584:^
574:.
554:^
537:.
526:^
512:.
500:.
474:^
460:.
418::
352:c.
324:.
316:,
312:,
288:c.
227:,
192:.
125:.
92:,
86::
69:,
1019:)
1015:(
1009:)
1005:(
999:)
995:(
989:)
985:(
979:)
975:(
818:e
811:t
804:v
772:.
760::
752::
671::
621:.
578:.
548:.
520:.
508::
468:.
361:.
205:'
82:(
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