Sjögren syndrome - Knowledge

1273: 198: 64: 428: 2079: 469:. The symptoms may develop insidiously, with the diagnosis often not considered for several years because sicca (dryness) may be attributed to medications, a dry environment, or aging, or may be regarded as not of a severity warranting the level of investigation necessary to establish the presence of the underlying autoimmune disorder. 2070:, 50 of whom also had arthritis. His subsequent follow-up conference trips pertaining to his paper led to an international interest in Sjögren's syndrome. The term "keratoconjunctivitis sicca" was coined by Sjögren himself and began to be identified as Sjögren's syndrome in literature, although it can now have more general usage. 1880:, leading to any dysfunction at checkpoints of autoimmune B-cell activation to transform into malignancy. A study's finding has concluded the continuous stimulation of autoimmune B cells, leading to subtle germinal abnormalities in genes having specific consequences in B cells, which underlies the susceptibility to lymphoma. 1926:

hypocomplementaemia and cryoglobulinaemia may be at increased risk of mortality. A 2021 metaanalysis showed a 46% increase in mortality, with significantly greater mortality risk in patients with older age, male gender, vasculitis, interstitial lung disease, low complements, positive anti-La/SSB and cryoglobulinaemia.

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Lessard CJ, Li H, Ice JA, Adrianto I, Jonsson R, Illei GG, Rischmueller M, Nordmark G, Mariette X, Miceli-Richard C, Wahren Herlenius M, Witte T, Brennan M, Omdal R, Gaffney PM, Lessard JA, Rönnblom L, Ng WF, Rhodus N, Segal B, Scofield RH, James JA, Anaya JM, Montgomery CG, Harley JB, Moser Sivils K

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Depending on the criteria for determining prevalence, studies estimate the prevalence of SS at between 500,000 and two million people in the United States. Broader studies of SS prevalence range widely, with some reports of up to a prevalence of 3% of the population. A few studies have reported that

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is held inside the lower eyelid for five minutes, and its wetness is then measured with a ruler. Producing less than 5 mm (0.20 in) of liquid is usually indicative of SS. This measurement analysis varies among people depending on other eye-related conditions and medications in use when the

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for treatment, which can make diagnosis difficult. Since dry eyes and dry mouth are very common symptoms, and frequently occur in people over 40, affected people may believe that the symptoms are age-related, so ignore them. Some medications can cause symptoms similar to those of Sjögren's syndrome.

1025:, rather than with the disease itself. Autoantibodies refer to the loss of B-cell tolerance leading to production of antibodies directed against diverse organ-specific and organ nonspecific antigens. Association between HLA and SS is restricted to patients with anti-SSA/Ro or anti-SSB/La antibodies. 5708:

Nocturne G, Boudaoud S, Miceli Richard C, Viengchareun S, Lazure T, Nititham J, Taylor KE, Criswell LA, Ma A, Busato F, Melki J, Dubost JJ, Hachulla E, Gottenberg JE, Lombes M, Tost J, Mariette X (June 2013). "OP0023 Germinal and Somatic Genetic Variants of TNFAIP3 Promote Lymphomagenesis Process

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studies did not show increased apoptosis among glandular epithelial cells, but did show reduced apoptosis among infiltrating mononuclear cells. Reduced apoptosis was also implicated in the accumulation of autoreactive B-cells found in the glands. The relationship of autoantibodies expressed in

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of Sjögren's patients in comparison with the remainder of the population. A 2016 study found that primary Sjögren's was not associated with an increase in all-cause mortality as compared with the general population, but that a subset of patients with extraglandular involvement, vasculitis,

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every minute for approximately 15 minutes. A resultant collection of less than 1.5 ml (0.053 imp fl oz; 0.051 US fl oz) is considered a positive result. In a stimulated saliva flow test the person sucks on a sugar free sweet, whilst collecting saliva. An

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the incidence of the syndrome varies between three and six per 100,000 per year. Between 0.2 and 1.2% of the population is affected, with half having the primary form and half the secondary form. It is around 10 times more common in women than in men. Though the disease commonly begins in

829:. Although the numerous factors contributing to the progression of this disease have made discovering the exact origin and cause difficult, major advances over the past decade have contributed to a proposed set of pathogenic events that occur prior to the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. 4174:"Rates of infiltration by macrophages and dendritic cells and expression of interleukin-18 and interleukin-12 in the chronic inflammatory lesions of Sjögren's syndrome: correlation with certain features of immune hyperactivity and factors associated with high risk of lymphoma development" 1920:

Published studies on the survival of Sjögren's syndrome patients have been limited in varied respects, perhaps owing to the relatively small sample sizes, and the fact that secondary Sjögren's syndrome is associated with other autoimmune diseases. A 2010 study found a slight increase in

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with an autoimmune disease and previous pregnancies have been identified as epidemiological risk factors. Despite the lower risk for men, primary SS in men tends to represent a more severe form of the disease. The role of race and ethnicity in the prevalence of the disease is unknown.

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dendritic cells in the target tissues, which produce high levels of type 1 IFNs, seems important, as these cells can further dysregulate the immune response through abnormal retention of lymphocytes in the tissues and their subsequent activation. IFN-α stimulates the production of

913:. However, Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by decreased levels of IL-1ra in saliva, which could be responsible for mouth inflammation and dryness. Patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome also often exhibit signs and symptoms of their primary rheumatic disorders, such as 2884:

Cornec D, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Mariette X, Jousse-Joulin S, Berthelot JM, Perdriger A, Puéchal X, Le Guern V, Sibilia J, Gottenberg JE, Chiche L, Hachulla E, Yves Hatron P, Goeb V, Hayem G, Morel J, Zarnitsky C, Dubost JJ, Saliou P, Pers JO, Seror R, Saraux A (April 2017).

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Epithelial cells in Sjögren's syndrome lesions are active participants in the induction and perpetuation of the inflammatory process. Environmental and hormonal factors, in concert with an appropriate genetic background, are believed to trigger Sjögren's syndrome, which

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Haugen AJ, Peen E, Hultén B, Johannessen AC, Brun JG, Halse AK, Haga HJ (2008). "Estimation of the prevalence of primary Sjögren's syndrome in two age-different community-based populations using two sets of classification criteria: the Hordaland Health Study".

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Price EJ, Rauz S, Tappuni AR, Sutcliffe N, Hackett KL, Barone F, Granata G, Ng WF, Fisher BA, Bombardieri M, Astorri E, Empson B, Larkin G, Crampton B, Bowman SJ, British Society for Rheumatology Standards, Guideline and Audit Working Group (1 October 2017).

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to strengthen tooth enamel and frequent teeth cleanings by a dental hygienist. Existing cavities must also be treated, as cavities that extend into the tooth cannot be effectively treated by teeth cleaning alone, and are at a high risk of spreading into the

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therapy. This treatment regimen is the same as for all xerostomia patients, such as for those undergoing head and neck radiation therapy, which often damages the salivary glands; these glands are more susceptible to radiation than are other body tissues.

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dye rose bengal on the eyes. The dye's distinctive colour helps in determining the state and functioning of tear film and the rate of tear evaporation. Any distinctive colour change can indicate SS, but confirming the condition requires many related

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Mohammad Dezfulian, Tomasz Kula, Thomas Pranzatelli, Nolan Kamitaki, Qingda Meng, Bhuwan Khatri, Paola Perez et al. "TScan-II: A genome-scale platform for the de novo identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes." Cell 186, no. 25 (2023): 5569-5586. DOI:

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Sullivan DA, Wickham LA, Rocha EM, Krenzer KL, Sullivan BD, Steagall R, Cermak JM, Dana MR, Ullman MD, Sato EH, Gao J, Rocha FJ, Ono M, Silveira LA, Lambert RW, Kelleher RS, Tolls DB, Toda I (1999). "Androgens and dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome".

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describing 19 females, most of whom were postmenopausal and had arthritis, showing clinical and pathological manifestations of the syndrome. Sjögren clarified that keratoconjunctivitis sicca, resulting from water deficiency, had no relation to

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Diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is complicated by the range of symptoms that a patient may manifest, and the similarity between symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome and those of other conditions. Also, patients with SS symptoms approach different

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Ramos-Casals M, Cervera R, Yagüe J, García-Carrasco M, Trejo O, Jiménez S, Morlà RM, Font J, Ingelmo M (December 1998). "Cryoglobulinemia in primary Sjögren's syndrome: prevalence and clinical characteristics in a series of 115 patients".

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Although Sjögren's syndrome occurs in all age groups, the average age of onset is between ages 40 and 60, although as many as half of all cases may be left undiagnosed or unreported. The prevalence of SS generally increases with age.

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The cause of Sjögren's syndrome is unknown, but it may be the influence of a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors, as is the case with many other autoimmune disorders. Around 20 autoantibodies could be involved.

1088:, their association with Sjögren's syndrome appears weak. While EBV is present in the salivary glands of normal individuals, a high incidence of EBV reactivation in Sjögren's patients has been reported with increased levels of EBV 4987: 2034:

present with similar conditions to those ascribed to Mikulicz's syndrome. Nevertheless, the term "Mikulicz's syndrome" is still used occasionally to describe the appearance of lymphocytic infiltrates on salivary-gland biopsies.

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Tarn J, Evans E, Traianos E, Collins A, Stylianou M, Parikh J, Bai Y, Guan Y, Frith J, Lendrem D, Macrae V, McKinnon I, Simon BS, Blake J, Baker MR, Taylor JP, Watson S, Gallagher P, Blamire A, Newton J, Ng WF (1 April 2023).

1407:, which is the number of mononuclear cell infiltrates containing at least 50 inflammatory cells in a 4 mm glandular section. The Chisholm-Mason grades are also widely used for salivary gland biopsies (see table). 1304:, of which anti-SSB/La is far more specific; anti-SSA/Ro is associated with numerous other autoimmune conditions, but is often present in SS. However anti-SSA and anti-SSB tests are frequently not positive in SS. 7032: 7017: 7002: 5793:

Meijer JM, Meiners PM, Huddleston Slater JJ, Spijkervet FK, Kallenberg CG, Vissink A, Bootsma H (September 2009). "Health-related quality of life, employment and disability in patients with Sjögren's syndrome".

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Ng Wing Tin S, Zouari HG, Wahab A, Sène D, Lefaucheur JP (1 May 2019). "Characterization of Neuropathic Pain in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome with Respect to Neurophysiological Evidence of Small-Fiber Neuropathy".

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Research into multifactorial autoimmune diseases such as SS focuses on expanding the knowledge surrounding the disorder, improving diagnostic tools and finding ways to prevent, manage and cure the disorder. The

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Priori R, Medda E, Conti F, Cassarà EA, Sabbadini MG, Antonioli CM, Gerli R, Danieli MG, Giacomelli R, Pietrogrande M, Valesini G, Stazi MA (2007). "Risk factors for Sjögren's syndrome: a case-control study".

6818: 1858:. Patients with severe cases are much more likely to develop lymphomas than patients with mild or moderate cases. The most common lymphomas are salivary extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphomas ( 801:

in Sjögren's syndrome. To date, no direct cause and effect relationship has been identified between these pathogens and the development of Sjögren's syndrome. Damaged self-structures targeted for

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including hoarseness), and difficulty in swallowing and eating. Debilitating fatigue and joint pain can seriously impair quality of life. Some patients can develop kidney involvement (autoimmune

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Lymphomagenesis in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients is considered as a multistep process, with the first step being chronic stimulation of autoimmune B cells, especially B cells that produce

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Weller ML, Gardener MR, Bogus ZC, Smith MA, Astorri E, Michael DG, Michael DA, Zheng C, Burbelo PD, Lai Z, Wilson PA, Swaim W, Handelman B, Afione SA, Bombardieri M, Chiorini JA (23 May 2016).

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As with other autoimmune diseases, susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome is greatly influenced by the human leukocyte antigen. DQA1*05:01, DQB1*02:01, and DRB1*03:01 alleles were identified as

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unstimulated salivary flow rate of 0.1 to 0.2 ml/min and a stimulated flow rate of 0.7 ml/min or less is considered to be abnormally low flow rates indicative of salivary gland hypofunction.

1013:, of which HLA-DR and HLA-DQ are involved in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. For example, patients from Northern and Western Europe and from North America show a high prevalence of 480:, as with other autoimmune diseases. Some people may experience only the mild symptoms of dry eyes and mouth, while others have symptoms of severe disease. Many patients can treat problems 5001:

Zouari HG, Wahab A, Ng Wing Tin S, Sène D, Lefaucheur JP (April 2019). "The Clinical Features of Painful Small-Fiber Neuropathy Suggesting an Origin Linked to Primary Sjögren's Syndrome".

3091: 4923:"Salivary gland ultrasound may help diagnose Sjögren's syndrome: Study | Ultrasound may be as effective as salivary gland biopsy for diagnosis: Study | Sjogren's Syndrome News" 1158:(BAFF) by epithelial cells, DCs, and T cells. BAFF stimulates aberrant B-cell maturation, leading to the emergence of self-reactive B cells, which locally produce autoantibodies, in a 1399:

around salivary glands, and damage to these glands from inflammation. This test involves removing a sample of tissue from a person's inner lip/salivary gland and examining it under a

6796: 2939: 2114:, while DQA1*02:01, DQA1*03:01 and DQB1*05:01 alleles were found to be protective factors for the disease. The relationship between alleles and specific race was also established. 1900:(QoL), with a significant impact on ability to work resulting from increased rates of disability. The reduction in QoL is similar to that seen in other chronic conditions such as 6885: 4303:

Cutolo M, Sulli A, Capellino S, Villaggio B, Montagna P, Seriolo B, Straub RH (2004). "Sex hormones influence on the immune system: basic and clinical aspects in autoimmunity".

7169: 5876:"Sjögren's syndrome is associated with negatively variable impacts on domains of health-related quality of life: evidence from Short Form 36 questionnaire and a meta-analysis" 4014:

Fei HM, Kang H, Scharf S, Erlich H, Peebles C, Fox R (1991). "Specific HLA-DQA and HLA-DRB1 alleles confer susceptibility to Sjögren's syndrome and autoantibody production".

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There are no geographical differences in the rates of SS. Sjögren's syndrome has been reported in all areas of the world, although regional rates have not been well studied.

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Characteristic dryness appears at a number of locations, such as the tongue, face, and eyes. Marked at left are the salivary glands (which may be swollen), not a facial rash.

1182:(programmed cell death) is believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases, though its role in Sjögren's syndrome is controversial. Both the 1888:

Apart from the notably higher incidence of malignant NHL, Sjögren's patients show only modest or clinically insignificant deterioration in specific organ-related function.

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Perrier S, Coussediere C, Dubost JJ, Albuisson E, Sauvezie B (1998). "IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene polymorphism in Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis".

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Jonsson R, Vogelsang P, Volchenkov R, Espinosa A, Wahren-Herlenius M, Appel S (December 2011). "The complexity of Sjögren's syndrome: novel aspects on pathogenesis".

2050:, observed a patient with low secretions from the lacrimal and salivary glands. Sjögren introduced the term keratoconjunctivitis sicca for the symptom of dry eyes ( 3797:

Harboe E, Tjensvoll AB, Vefring HK, Gøransson LG, Kvaløy JT, Omdal R (2009). "Fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome – A link to sickness behaviour in animals?".

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Cruz-Tapias P, Rojas-Villarraga A, Maier-Moore S, Anaya JM (February 2012). "HLA and Sjögren's syndrome susceptibility. A meta-analysis of worldwide studies".

2788:"Symptom-Based Cluster Analysis Categorizes Sjögren's Disease Subtypes: An International Cohort Study Highlighting Disease Severity and Treatment Discordance" 6810: 2484: 1296:(because Sjögren's syndrome frequently occurs secondary to rheumatoid arthritis), which are associated with autoimmune diseases. Typical SS ANA patterns are 9190: 9175: 8879: 8867: 5976:

Huang H, Xie W, Geng Y, Fan Y, Zhang Z (1 September 2021). "Mortality in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Brito-Zerón P, Baldini C, Bootsma H, Bowman SJ, Jonsson R, Mariette X, Sivils K, Theander E, Tzioufas A, Ramos-Casals M (7 July 2016). "Sjögren syndrome".

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expression probably has a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome, though research in this area is very limited.

2887:"Severe Health-Related Quality of Life Impairment in Active Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Patient-Reported Outcomes: Data From a Large Therapeutic Trial" 1850:

Results from a number of studies indicate that, compared to other autoimmune diseases, Sjögren's syndrome is associated with a notably high incidence of

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treatment is also necessary (and often overlooked by the patient), as the lack of saliva associated with xerostomia creates an ideal environment for the

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of patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and which specific molecular mechanisms are involved in the process of viral reactivation, remain to be clarified.

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and genetic studies of Sjögren's syndrome and is open to those wishing to participate in research studies and to researchers studying the disease.

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In a 2021 poll of Sjogren's patients, a majority of respondents stated that eight Sjogren's symptoms had a major or moderate impact on their life:

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Voulgarelis M, Skopouli FN (2007). "Clinical, immunologic, and molecular factors predicting lymphoma development in Sjogren's syndrome patients".

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Bolstad AI, Wassmuth R, Haga HJ, Jonsson R (July 2001). "HLA markers and clinical characteristics in Caucasians with primary Sjögren's syndrome".

762:. Generation of an autoimmune potential via microchimerism may lead to a switch from a silent form of autoimmunity with age-dependent decrease in 7413: 6597:"Hepatitis Delta Virus Detected in Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome Patients and Recapitulates a Sjögren's Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Vivo" 2194:

Saliva is a potential diagnostic tool for Sjögren's syndrome because the salivary component is changed after onset of the disease. With the new

388:(79%); dry eyes (75%); dry mouth (73%); joint pain (65%); trouble sleeping (64%); eye discomfort (60%); muscle pain (56%); and brain fog (54%). 10039: 8419: 8233: 5389:"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries of Sjögren's syndrome patients" 10059: 9377: 7155: 6865: 6766: 2247: 5138: 9439: 3372:

Papageorgiou A, Voulgarelis M, Tzioufas AG (Jul 2015). "Clinical picture, outcome and predictive factors of lymphoma in Sjӧgren syndrome".

949:. This study included data from a discovery cohort of 395 patients of European ancestry with primary Sjögren's syndrome, and 1,975 healthy 528:

Among the complications discussed above, women with anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies who become pregnant have an increased rate of

6788: 2063:, resulting from vitamin A deficiency. Sjögren's thesis was not well received as the Board of Examiners criticized some clinical aspects. 1380:

Unstimulated saliva production reduces by 40 to 70% between the age of 20 and 80 years, but stimulated saliva production is not affected.

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for anti-Ro and anti-La is associated with greater severity and longer duration of disease, and findings of their high abundance from the

5927:"Rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies" 4573: 2947: 2536:"Rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies" 4215:"CD40, CD154, Bax and Bcl-2 expression in Sjögren's syndrome salivary glands: a putative anti-apoptotic role during its effector phases" 2607: 455:

may also occur. Other organs of the body may also be affected, including the kidneys, blood vessels, lungs, liver, pancreas, and brain.

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Tzioufas AG, Voulgarelis M (2007). "Update on Sjögren's syndrome autoimmune epithelitis: from classification to increased neoplasias".

2441: 5833: 5661:"Among B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, MALT lymphomas express a unique antibody repertoire with frequent rheumatoid factor reactivity" 5152:

Lidén M, Kristjánsson G, Valtýsdóttir S, Hällgren R (August 2007). "Gluten sensitivity in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome".

4877:"Diagnostic value of ultrasound evaluation of major salivary glands for Sjögren's syndrome based on the novel OMERACT scoring system" 2299: 2100: 1999:(1850–1905) is generally credited with the first description of SS. In 1892, he described a 42-year-old man with enlargement of the 8031: 7982: 7977: 7578: 1713:(Plaquenil) is another option and is generally considered safer than methotrexate. However, these prescribed drugs have a range of 1403:. On such biopsies, the single most important test result in the diagnosis of the oral component of Sjögren syndrome is likely the 17: 10004: 9202: 9153: 7933: 699:

regions in Sjögren's patients show differential susceptibility to the syndrome as the result of different types of the resulting

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Manoussakis MN, Boiu S, Korkolopoulou P, Kapsogeorgou EK, Kavantzas N, Ziakas P, Patsouris E, Moutsopoulos HM (December 2007).

1622:(Restasis) is available by prescription to treat chronic dry eye by suppressing the inflammation that disrupts tear secretion. 1247:

While Sjögren's syndrome is one of the most common auto-immune diseases, it has no specific and non-invasive diagnostic tests.

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Sjögren's syndrome is reported in 30-50% of people with rheumatoid arthritis and in 10-25% with systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Symptoms of dry mouth and dryness in the oral cavity are caused by the reduced production of saliva from the salivary glands (

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Blood tests can be done to determine if a patient has high levels of antibodies that are indicative of the condition, such as

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Mavragani CP, Fragoulis GE, Moutsopoulos HM (Dec 2012). "Endocrine alterations in primary Sjogren's syndrome: an overview".

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Voulgarelis M., Tzioufas A. G. (2010). "Pathogenetic mechanisms in the initiation and perpetuation of Sjögren's syndrome".

1682: 1301: 893:. This suggests that the disease begins with increased activity in the interleukin 1 system, followed by an autoregulatory 6745:""Breakthrough Goal" SSF Launches 5-Year Breakthrough Goal/"To shorten the time to diagnose Sjögren's by 50% in 5 years!"" 3587:

Martín-Nares E, Hernández-Molina G (February 2019). "Novel autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome: A comprehensive review".

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Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders

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In 2014, the Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation announced a five-year goal to halve the disease's average time to diagnosis.

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After extensive research and data collection, Sjögren published an essential paper in 1951, describing 80 patients with

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Salivary gland ultrasonography is not invasive, and may help reduce unnecessary biopsies in anti-SSA-negative patients.

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The observation of high rates of autoimmune disorders in families with a history of Sjögren's syndrome is linked with a

8804: 8288: 1475: 10044: 9931: 8564: 7972: 7750: 7365: 5536:"Malignant lymphomas in autoimmunity and inflammation: a review of risks, risk factors, and lymphoma characteristics" 4822:"Reliability of histopathological salivary gland biopsy assessment in Sjögren's syndrome: a multicentre cohort study" 5620:"Salivary gland lymphomas in patients with Sjögren's syndrome may frequently develop from rheumatoid factor B cells" 1284:. Individuals with Sjögren syndrome usually have a speckled or homogeneous pattern, and rarely a centromere pattern. 1100:

or perpetuation of an immune response in target organs. Nonetheless, exactly how reactivation of EBV is induced in

37: 9906: 9843: 9838: 9720: 9148: 9128: 8040: 7609: 7202: 5779: 4578: 1451: 938: 2476: 9752: 9389: 8843: 7791: 7653: 7302: 894: 7745: 6886:"Jutarnji list - Slađana Milošević je bolovala od opakog sindroma: 'Napada sve sustave, ni doktori ne znaju...'" 6259:

García-Carrasco M, Ramos-Casals M, Rosas J, Pallarés L, Calvo-Alen J, Cervera R, Font J, Ingelmo M (July 2002).

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Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the third-most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, behind rheumatoid arthritis and

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No prevention mechanism exists for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) because of its complexity as an autoimmune disorder.

33: 9737: 9572: 7278: 5441:"The Effects of Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Fatigue in Participants With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome" 3940:"Comparison of HLA class II genes in Caucasoid, Chinese, and Japanese patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome" 2019: 1513:

related to developing SS or reduce the severity of the condition for patients who have already been diagnosed.

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A radiological procedure is available as a reliable and accurate test for Sjögren's syndrome, in the form of a

633:(secondary Sjögren's syndrome). Sjögren's syndrome may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, including 7648: 5093:"High prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases in adults with type 1 diabetes from the HealthFacts database" 4779:

Segerberg-Konttinen M, Konttinen YT, Bergroth V (1986). "Focus score in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome".

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Sjögren's syndrome can affect such organs as the liver, pancreas, kidneys, lungs, and central nervous system.

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Reveille JD (October 1992). "The molecular genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome".

2295: 2260:(singer-actress) is the national awareness ambassador and spokesperson for the Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation. 2139: 1863: 1524: 1264:

The combination of several tests, which can be done in a series, can eventually diagnose Sjögren's syndrome.

946: 794: 629:. It can occur independently of other health problems (primary Sjögren's syndrome) or as a result of another 517: 4722:"Unstimulated whole saliva flow for diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome: time to revisit the threshold?" 10029: 9440: 9101: 8710: 8414: 8399: 8337: 8283: 8206: 8024: 7928: 7194: 6913: 2157: 1942: 1638:, can be used to help produce tears, as well as saliva in the mouth and intestines. It is derived from the 1272: 1081: 950: 914: 638: 575: 529: 513: 505: 6511:

Peri Y, Agmon-Levin N, Theodor E, Shoenfeld Y (February 2012). "Sjögren's syndrome, the old and the new".

6376:"United Kingdom Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Registry—a united effort to tackle an orphan rheumatic disease" 4876: 3938:

Kang HI, Fei HM, Saito I, Sawada S, Chen SL, Yi D, Chan E, Peebles C, Bugawan TL, Erlich HA (April 1993).

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Lundin KE, Wijmenga C (Sep 2015). "Coeliac disease and autoimmune disease–genetic overlap and screening".

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of IL-1RA to reduce the successful binding of interleukin 1 to its receptors. Interleukin 1 likely is the

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de Abreu IN (2005). "Production of pilocarpine in callus of jaborandi (pilocarpus microphyllus stapf)".

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Borchers AT, Naguwa SM, Keen CL, Gershwin ME (August 2003). "Immunopathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome".

3323:"Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases" 1519:

is strongly associated with the inflammation seen in many autoimmune related diseases, including SS. An

953:, and from a replication study that comprised 1,234 cases and 4,779 healthy controls. Associations with 9639: 9587: 9394: 9327: 9096: 8596: 8591: 8542: 7861: 7539: 7370: 5618:

Martin T, Weber JC, Levallois H, Labouret N, Soley A, Koenig S, Korganow AS, Pasquali JL (April 2000).

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that results progressively damages the glands. Diagnosis is by biopsy of moisture-producing glands and

630: 440: 401: 368: 215: 2837:"A comprehensive overview of living with Sjögren's: Results of a National Sjögren's Foundation survey" 2786:

McCoy SS, Woodham M, Bartels CM, Saldanha IJ, Bunya VY, Maerz N, Akpek EK, Makara MA, Baer AN (2022).

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Sjögren's syndrome is associated with a high burden of illness, and has been shown to markedly reduce

9644: 9362: 9266: 8737: 8201: 7891: 7714: 7179: 3118:"Late neonatal lupus erythematosus onset in a child born of a mother with primary Sjögren's syndrome" 1583:

Neither a cure nor a specific treatment for Sjögren's syndrome is known to permanently restore gland

1487: 1146: 2304: 848:), it does not explain the more widespread systemic effects seen in the progression of the disease. 9951: 9730: 9715: 9411: 9367: 9312: 9185: 9143: 8911: 8757: 7805: 7574: 7560: 7244: 7058: 4820:

Costa S, Quintin-Roué I, Lesourd A, Jousse-Joulin S, Berthelot JM, Hachulla E, et al. (2015).

3507: 1777:

pathology are often used and have less toxic profiles than traditional immunosuppressive regimens.

1530:

Moderate exercise is also helpful in SS patients, mainly reducing the effect of lung inflammation.

1239:

that androgen administration to the ocular surface may serve as an effective therapy for dry eyes.

1155: 1126: 197: 9784: 6762: 6158:"Difference in clinical presentation between women and men in incident primary Sjögren's syndrome" 1988:, after whom it is named, but a number of earlier descriptions of people with the symptoms exist. 1670:

are recommended to help lessen irritation or pain that may result from dryness in the vaginal and

9848: 9649: 9614: 9307: 9111: 8891: 8732: 8678: 8608: 8530: 8510: 8497: 8474: 8017: 7678: 7441: 7253: 6313:

Parke AL, Buchanan WW (1998). "Sjögren's syndrome: History, clinical and pathological features".

6261:"Primary Sjögren syndrome: clinical and immunologic disease patterns in a cohort of 400 patients" 5091:

Bao YK, Weide LG, Ganesan VC, Jakhar I, McGill JB, Sahil S, Cheng AL, Gaddis M, Drees BM (2019).

2971:"Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome: A Large Asian Indian Cohort" 1825: 1694: 1686: 1198:, which is known to downregulate apoptosis, was found significantly reduced in acinar and ductal 942: 686: 371:

and often seriously affects other organ systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.

223: 6840: 9994: 9961: 9634: 9624: 9619: 9561: 9488: 9444: 9340: 9335: 9121: 8951: 8946: 8921: 8767: 8698: 8525: 8434: 8352: 8079: 7809: 7360: 7355: 6870: 6657:

Liu J, Duan Y (July 2012). "Saliva: a potential media for disease diagnostics and monitoring".

6418:

Ice JA, Li H, Adrianto I, Lin PC, Kelly JA, Montgomery CG, Lessard CJ, Moser KL (August 2012).

6087:

Alamanos Y, Tsifetaki N, Voulgari PV, Venetsanopoulou AI, Siozos C, Drosos AA (February 2006).

5079: 2291: 1118: 1097: 954: 786: 724: 682: 678: 579: 501: 462: 275: 8342: 7350: 7098: 7011: 6156:

Ramírez Sepúlveda JI, Kvarnström M, Brauner S, Baldini C, Wahren-Herlenius M (December 2017).

5197:"Effects of exercise on aerobic capacity and fatigue in women with primary Sjogren's syndrome" 2591: 1491: 558:

Sjögren's syndrome is associated with a number of other medical conditions, many of which are

9803: 9705: 9317: 9195: 9057: 9016: 8816: 8618: 8552: 8479: 7222: 4855: 4800: 4433: 4109: 2425: 2206: 2148:

that have been associated with Sjögren's syndrome include human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (

1785: 1544: 1506: 1346: 618: 6973: 5285: 4648:

Wróbel-Dudzińska D, Kubik-Komar A, Rykwa D, Kosior-Jarecka E, Żarnowski T, Chałas R (2021).

3460:"Predominant Glandular Cholinergic Dysautonomia in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome" 2086:

is the national awareness ambassador and spokesperson for the Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation.

9901: 9802: 9540: 9525: 9091: 9024: 8630: 8362: 7967: 7962: 7946: 7856: 7786: 7643: 7555: 7398: 7345: 7273: 6866:"Halsey Reveals They've Developed Multiple Health Problems Since Giving Birth to Son Ender" 5309:

Vivino FB (2009). "The treatment of Sjögren's syndrome patients with Pilocarpine-tablets".

4391: 3201: 2739:"Ocular Manifestations and Burden Related to Sjögren Syndrome: Results of a Patient Survey" 2180: 2051: 1996: 1901: 1851: 1289: 1277: 1252: 1149:(IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF), which are produced by adjacent T cells. The early accumulation of 987: 918: 755: 634: 595: 477: 7674: 4938:"Salivary Gland Ultrasound in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Current and Future Perspectives" 4650:"The use of Schirmer strips to measure salivary and lacrimal flow in non-Sjögren patients" 3521: 901:

for fatigue, but increased IL-1RA is observed in the CSF and is associated with increased

821:

mechanisms of Sjögren's syndrome have not been fully elucidated, resulting in the lack of

8: 9956: 9692: 9672: 9662: 9535: 9468: 9350: 9345: 9271: 9170: 8823: 8747: 8586: 8535: 8484: 8464: 8377: 8367: 8293: 8268: 8126: 7235: 7036: 6841:"How Venus Williams got Stephen McPhail back on track after autoimmune disease diagnosis" 6014:

Mavragani C. P., Moutsopoulos H. M. (2010). "The geoepidemiology of Sjogren's syndrome".

4706: 3903:(June 2013). "OP0020 Identification of Multiple Sjögren's Syndrome Susceptibility Loci". 1855: 1667: 1365: 1232: 1092:. This indicates viral reactivation and inability of lymphoid infiltrates to control EBV 1069: 1045: 890: 879: 732: 587: 4720:

Lacombe V, Lacout C, Lozac'h P, Ghali A, Gury A, Lavigne C, Urbanski G (December 2020).

4395: 863:

factors are thought capable of triggering the infiltration of lymphocytes, specifically

10049: 9999: 9946: 9921: 9853: 9657: 9582: 9473: 9421: 9382: 9079: 8995: 8926: 8635: 8459: 8439: 8392: 8278: 8223: 8186: 8176: 8161: 8091: 7994: 7876: 7866: 7760: 7686: 7658: 7638: 7475: 7433: 7321: 7147: 6721: 6696: 6670: 6636: 6623: 6596: 6572: 6547: 6444: 6419: 6338: 6290: 6241: 6197: 6184: 6157: 5953: 5926: 5902: 5875: 5726: 5722: 5685: 5660: 5600: 5478: 5415: 5388: 5369: 5334: 5177: 5120: 5026: 4964: 4937: 4904: 4761: 4748: 4721: 4674: 4649: 4630: 4546: 4519: 4500: 4415: 4403: 4328: 4244: 4149: 4132: 4039: 3969: 3920: 3916: 3822: 3766: 3674: 3612: 3569: 3484: 3459: 3435: 3408: 3349: 3322: 3295: 3270: 3251: 3142: 3117: 2997: 2970: 2916: 2861: 2836: 2812: 2787: 2763: 2738: 2714: 2687: 2663: 2630: 2560: 2535: 2397: 2153: 1710: 1663: 1337: 1281: 1077: 995: 922: 642: 583: 563: 559: 348: 254: 206: 7041: 4936:

Lorenzon M, Spina E, Tulipano Di Franco F, Giovannini I, De Vita S, Zabotti A (2022).

4488: 3458:

Imrich R, Alevizos I, Bebris L, Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Illei GG, Nikolov NP (2015).

3179: 9697: 9286: 9251: 9225: 9084: 8980: 8838: 8762: 8469: 8409: 8372: 8347: 8196: 8074: 8069: 7696: 7691: 7491: 7480: 7069: 6950: 6726: 6674: 6628: 6577: 6528: 6484: 6449: 6397: 6330: 6282: 6277: 6260: 6233: 6189: 6138: 6110: 6069: 6031: 5993: 5958: 5907: 5856: 5811: 5761: 5690: 5641: 5592: 5557: 5513: 5482: 5470: 5462: 5420: 5326: 5218: 5169: 5112: 5062: 5018: 4969: 4908: 4896: 4843: 4788: 4765: 4753: 4679: 4634: 4622: 4551: 4492: 4407: 4363: 4320: 4285: 4236: 4231: 4214: 4195: 4154: 4113: 4078: 4031: 3996: 3961: 3884: 3857: 3814: 3758: 3720: 3716: 3666: 3604: 3561: 3489: 3440: 3389: 3354: 3300: 3243: 3183: 3147: 3073: 3069: 3002: 2908: 2866: 2817: 2768: 2719: 2668: 2650: 2597: 2565: 2511: 2431: 2389: 2271: 2165: 1870: 1762: 1623: 1575:, may also be stopped. The most specific extant diagnostic test requires lip biopsy. 1564: 1471: 1293: 1228: 1142: 1093: 1085: 1003: 910: 902: 833: 782: 413: 262: 182: 7135: 6640: 6342: 6245: 5730: 5604: 5373: 5338: 5181: 5124: 5030: 4601:"Using the modified Schirmer test for dry mouth assessment: A cross-sectional study" 4504: 4419: 4332: 4248: 4043: 3924: 3826: 3616: 3255: 2920: 2280:(professional soccer player for Ireland, Leeds and Cardiff City) was diagnosed with 2039: 1985: 1685:(NSAIDs) may be used to treat musculoskeletal symptoms. For individuals with severe 1145:, T cells interact with epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are further activated by 1021:

genes. HLA class II alleles are associated with the presence of specific subsets of

9667: 9302: 9292: 9256: 9165: 8916: 8855: 8789: 8779: 8727: 8625: 8520: 8357: 8009: 7740: 7591: 7586: 7527: 7454: 7429: 7317: 7298: 7109: 6968: 6940: 6716: 6708: 6666: 6618: 6608: 6567: 6559: 6520: 6476: 6439: 6431: 6387: 6322: 6294: 6272: 6225: 6201: 6179: 6169: 6100: 6061: 6023: 5989: 5985: 5948: 5938: 5897: 5887: 5848: 5803: 5753: 5718: 5680: 5672: 5631: 5584: 5547: 5505: 5452: 5410: 5400: 5361: 5318: 5208: 5161: 5104: 5054: 5010: 4959: 4949: 4888: 4833: 4743: 4733: 4669: 4661: 4612: 4541: 4531: 4484: 4399: 4355: 4312: 4275: 4226: 4185: 4144: 4105: 4070: 4023: 3973: 3951: 3912: 3849: 3806: 3770: 3750: 3712: 3678: 3658: 3596: 3573: 3553: 3479: 3471: 3430: 3420: 3381: 3344: 3334: 3290: 3282: 3235: 3175: 3137: 3129: 3065: 2992: 2982: 2898: 2856: 2848: 2807: 2799: 2758: 2750: 2709: 2699: 2658: 2642: 2555: 2547: 2401: 2379: 2371: 2270:

player) has been diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome and said she had struggled with

2257: 2188: 2083: 1959:

Nine out of 10 SS patients are women. In addition to prevalence in women, having a

1854:, a cancer of white blood cells. About 5% of patients with SS develop some form of 1803: 1722: 1596: 1548: 1516: 1369: 1199: 1065: 844:. Although this explains the more obvious symptoms (such as the lack of saliva and 720: 544: 489: 417: 299: 170: 136: 130: 98: 6945: 6928: 6392: 6375: 6105: 6088: 5943: 5852: 5807: 5552: 5535: 5236: 5213: 5196: 4838: 4821: 2704: 2551: 9823: 9609: 9404: 9297: 9133: 9052: 9032: 8956: 8941: 8811: 8715: 8683: 8654: 8576: 8502: 8298: 8181: 8171: 8116: 8101: 7881: 7851: 7735: 7663: 7517: 7470: 7380: 7240: 7212: 7063: 6563: 6480: 6027: 5457: 5440: 3600: 3385: 2835:

McCoy SS, Woodham M, Bunya VY, Saldanha IJ, Akpek EK, Makara MA, Baer AN (2022).

2287: 2277: 2195: 2104: 2055: 1930: 1690: 1651: 1163: 1159: 1122: 1061: 1041: 1030: 822: 731:

are generally considered to prevent autoimmunity. Studies on mice models suggest

567: 481: 444: 345: 313: 92: 7112: 6065: 4892: 4058: 3956: 3939: 3557: 2987: 1439:. The test is intended to detect any blockage in the salivary gland ducts (i.e. 1033:

of Sjögren's patients suggests their imperative role in the pathogenesis of SS.

9989: 9941: 9911: 9779: 9710: 9677: 9399: 9138: 8872: 8752: 8547: 8332: 8145: 7765: 7719: 7512: 7283: 7118: 7115: 7074: 6524: 6435: 5757: 5509: 5322: 4778: 4665: 4359: 4316: 4074: 2852: 2263: 2123: 2092: 2043: 2004: 1922: 1742: 1734: 1599:

may ease the symptoms of dry eyes. Some patients with more severe problems use

1572: 1428: 1317: 1134: 1076:

agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome, such as

1026: 1022: 845: 806: 774: 763: 747: 493: 485: 360: 356: 352: 7124: 7121: 7026: 6712: 6326: 6229: 6174: 5659:

Bende RJ, Aarts WM, Riedl RG, de Jong D, Pals ST, van Noesel CJ (April 2005).

5588: 5405: 5165: 4738: 4647: 4536: 4280: 4263: 4262:

Ohlsson M, Skarstein K, Bolstad AI, Johannessen AC, Jonsson R (January 2001).

3810: 3425: 3286: 3239: 2754: 10023: 9891: 9769: 9597: 9416: 9180: 9160: 9069: 8936: 8896: 8693: 8454: 8429: 8404: 8382: 8166: 8156: 8121: 7940: 7532: 6909: 5466: 4131:

Pflugfelder SC, Crouse CA, Monroy D, Yen M, Rowe M, Atherton SS (July 1993).

3785: 3662: 3056:

Fox RI, Stern M, Michelson P (September 2000). "Update in Sjögren syndrome".

2883: 2654: 2199: 2060: 2014:. However, the criteria that Mikulicz established for diagnosis often led to 2000: 1960: 1859: 1796: 1608: 1552: 1436: 1361: 1114: 934: 887: 864: 826: 613:

While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to involve a combination of

267: 6089:"Epidemiology of primary Sjögren's syndrome in north-west Greece, 1982–2003" 5108: 5092: 4027: 3133: 79:

infiltration in the minor salivary gland associated with Sjögren's syndrome.

9742: 9518: 9513: 9498: 9478: 9448: 9281: 8990: 8931: 8862: 8784: 8774: 8742: 8705: 8666: 8658: 8273: 8228: 8213: 8111: 8106: 7835: 7625: 7507: 7496: 7249: 6954: 6730: 6678: 6632: 6581: 6532: 6488: 6466: 6453: 6401: 6334: 6286: 6237: 6193: 6142: 6114: 6073: 6035: 5997: 5962: 5911: 5860: 5815: 5765: 5694: 5645: 5596: 5561: 5517: 5474: 5424: 5330: 5222: 5173: 5116: 5066: 5022: 4973: 4900: 4847: 4757: 4683: 4626: 4555: 4496: 4411: 4367: 4324: 4289: 4240: 4213:

Ohlsson M, Szodoray P, Loro LL, Johannessen AC, Jonsson R (December 2002).

4199: 4133:"Epstein-Barr virus and the lacrimal gland pathology of Sjögren's syndrome" 4117: 4082: 4000: 3853: 3818: 3762: 3724: 3670: 3608: 3565: 3493: 3444: 3393: 3358: 3304: 3247: 3151: 3077: 3006: 2912: 2870: 2821: 2772: 2723: 2672: 2569: 2393: 2243: 2209:

were under investigation in 2007. The most promising seemed to be the anti-

2183:

was found to be related to neurological manifestations and the presence of

2131: 2111: 2023: 2015: 1909: 1808: 1714: 1706: 1619: 1510: 1440: 1396: 1341: 1326: 1236: 1217: 1183: 872: 841: 818: 805:

may be mistakenly exposed to the immune system, triggering autoimmunity in

736: 700: 646: 602: 571: 473: 191: 63: 9878: 6976:– US National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 5707: 4954: 4792: 4158: 4035: 3965: 3888: 3861: 3187: 945:(MHC/HLA) region, as demonstrated by the preliminary results of the first 9936: 9926: 9916: 9833: 9828: 9759: 8833: 8794: 8613: 8489: 8449: 8317: 8238: 8218: 7522: 7502: 7486: 7265: 7093: 6613: 6155: 5676: 4935: 4599:

Schoppmeier CM, Helpap J, Hagemeier A, Wicht MJ, Barbe AG (August 2022).

2375: 2220: 2161: 2027: 1792: 1659: 1635: 1560: 1483: 1432: 1372:). In unstimulated whole saliva flow collection, the person spits into a 1313: 1235:

appears to play a role in development of Sjögren's syndrome. It has been

1225: 1191: 1150: 1037: 790: 712: 650: 536: 509: 466: 459: 289: 285: 6258: 6086: 5892: 5792: 5139:"Comorbidities in Autoimmune Disease & Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome" 5058: 4171: 2646: 2384: 711:

Since Sjögren's syndrome is associated with a high prevalence in women,

9896: 9682: 9508: 9276: 9106: 9047: 8985: 8975: 8968: 8963: 8901: 8884: 8828: 8799: 8720: 8581: 8559: 8444: 8424: 7130: 5365: 5014: 3754: 3164: 1953: 1812: 1758: 1746: 1655: 1639: 1627: 1556: 1520: 1431:

is injected into the parotid duct, which opens from the cheek into the

1400: 1393: 1187: 1138: 1009:

Patients of different ethnic origin carry different HLA-susceptibility

967: 751: 662: 654: 591: 533: 452: 436: 397: 364: 211: 187: 72: 6994: 6697:"The future of biologic agents in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome" 6364:

Murube, J. Henrik Sjögren, 1899–1986. The ocular surface 8, 2–2 (2010)

4617: 4600: 4190: 4173: 3475: 2903: 2886: 2803: 9764: 9747: 9483: 9261: 9064: 8688: 8571: 8191: 8086: 8064: 7375: 7104: 6695:

Meijer JM, Pijpe J, Bootsma H, Vissink A, Kallenberg CG (June 2007).

5290:

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

5151: 2737:

Saldanha IJ, Bunya VY, McCoy SS, Makara M, Baer AN, Akpek EK (2020).

2510:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter S. 2213: 2176: 2172: 1874: 1788: 1770: 1766: 1730: 1726: 1584: 1568: 1470:

Sjögren's syndrome may be excluded in people with past head and neck

1447: 1424: 1373: 1195: 1179: 1073: 898: 875:, causing glandular dysfunction in the salivary and lacrimal glands. 852: 802: 778: 626: 540: 497: 448: 307: 5744:

Vivino FB (September 2017). "Sjogren's syndrome: Clinical aspects".

3703:

Delaleu N, Jonsson R, Koller MM (April 2005). "Sjögren's syndrome".

3409:"Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome" 427: 107: 9774: 9725: 9493: 9246: 9227: 9207: 9028: 8906: 8850: 8096: 7230: 6420:"Genetics of Sjögren's syndrome in the genome-wide association era" 6013: 5637:

10.1002/1529-0131(200004)43:4<908::AID-ANR24>3.0.CO;2-K

3339: 2325: 2281: 2184: 2135: 2078: 2031: 1877: 1757:

For systemic symptoms, including fatigue, joint pain, myositis and

1738: 1604: 1479: 1321: 1221: 1167: 1049: 906: 860: 798: 759: 728: 716: 614: 421: 412:, vaginal dryness, a chronic cough, numbness in the arms and legs, 409: 228: 76: 6789:"Carrie Ann Inaba doesn't let Sjögren's syndrome stand in her way" 6051: 4261: 2228: 2224: 1873:

at sites targeted by the disease. This increases the frequency of

1220:

seem to influence humoral and cell-mediated immune response, with

9860: 9818: 9503: 9463: 9357: 9231: 9020: 8387: 7445: 3839: 2307:(Serbian singer), died after struggling with Sjögren's syndrome. 2127: 2115: 2096: 2011: 1829: 1800: 1631: 1626:

are also available that help to stimulate salivary flow, such as

1600: 1462:

People with Sjögren's may also have other autoimmune conditions.

1204: 1130: 1101: 868: 405: 385: 281: 27:

Autoimmune disease affecting the body's moisture-producing glands

7052: 5834:"Health-related quality of life and costs in Sjögren's syndrome" 4690: 3741:

Whitacre C. C. (2001). "Sex differences in autoimmune disease".

1224:

being considered one of the biggest factors responsible for sex-

9602: 9074: 8662: 8257: 7814: 7021: 7006: 6908:

Some of the original text for this article was obtained from a

6510: 4598: 3796: 3508:"Dysautonomia: Malfunctions in Your Body's Automatic Functions" 3371: 2361: 2267: 2149: 2119: 2047: 2008: 1774: 1718: 1612: 1389: 1010: 883: 837: 836:, immune system-mediated loss of exocrine glands, specifically 693: 689: 658: 4345: 4212: 3648: 2969:

Sandhya P, Jeyaseelan L, Scofield RH, Danda D (26 June 2015).

2968: 2191:

associated with extraglandular manifestations of the disease.

2142:

may be conducted in the future to identify key risk variants.

1587:. Instead, treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive. 758:) may generate autoimmunity in women who have previously been 7781: 7449: 4719: 4302: 4264:"Fas-induced apoptosis is a rare event in Sjögren's syndrome" 3457: 2251: 2145: 1905: 1897: 1811:, leading to the loss of vitality and need for extraction or 1671: 1209:

Sjögren's syndrome with apoptosis is still being researched.

1068:

to activate the HLA-independent innate immune system through

982: 975: 971: 963: 622: 7428: 6979: 5617: 5080:

https://academic.oup.com/rheumap/article/7/2/rkad030/7115846

3586: 2596:(13th ed.). New York, New York: Springer. p. 389. 990:, notably through the IFN system, B-cell activation through 785:

and increase the chances of Sjögren's syndrome development.

6214: 4380: 4096:

Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (2003). "Toll-like receptors".

3365: 3271:"Celiac disease and autoimmunity: review and controversies" 3115: 2785: 2329: 2217: 2210: 1698: 959: 781:, or degraded self-structures may initiate autoimmunity by 696: 154: 145: 116: 5194: 5043: 5000: 4130: 3986: 3543: 1352:

Use of Schirmer strips to test oral dryness are possible.

1316:

test uses a stain that measures state and function of the

878:

Sjögren's syndrome is associated with increased levels in

832:

Sjögren's syndrome was originally proposed as a specific,

458:

In some people with SS, skin dryness may be the result of

142: 104: 8053: 6925: 6694: 2834: 1571:

may be used. Medications that can cause dryness, such as

1162:-like structure (GC-like), which is also the location of 1089: 148: 110: 7177: 6763:"Olympic soccer player Shannon Boxx's battle with lupus" 6594: 5437: 4707:"How to Perform a Salivary Gland and Salivary Flow Exam" 4059:"The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmunity" 3116:

Manthorpe R, Svensson A, Wirestrand LE (November 2004).

2736: 1133:

material and present it to other T cells. Following the

420:. Those affected are also at an increased risk (15%) of 6127: 476:, with symptoms that may plateau or worsen, or go into 5658: 5533: 4339: 1443:) and the amount of saliva that flows into the mouth. 1006:

owing to HLA susceptibility and the IL-12-IFN-γ-axis.

379: 5354:

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant

5090: 3316: 3314: 2628: 937:

most significantly associated with primary SS is the

157: 119: 8039: 6984: 6811:"Williams Says She Struggled With Fatigue for Years" 5925:

Singh AG, Singh S, Matteson EL (27 September 2015).

5701: 5237:"Sjogren syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 3901: 3702: 3092:"Indian Rheumatology Association | IRA E-NEWSLETTER" 3021:"Indian Rheumatology Association | IRA E-NEWSLETTER" 957:

located at six independent loci were also detected;

151: 113: 5831: 5574: 5495: 5445:

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

5195:Strömbeck BE, Theander E, Jacobsson LT (May 2007). 4563:- Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license 4013: 1194:in primary Sjögren's patients, while expression of 139: 101: 9453:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities 6548:"Autoimmunity and infection in Sjögren's syndrome" 5924: 4875:Tang G, Luo Y, Mo Y, Yao J, Yang H, Hao S (2023). 3937: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3311: 3219: 2533: 1202:of Sjögren's patients compared to healthy people. 8316: 6373: 5873: 5387:Xin W, Leung KC, Lo EC, Mok MY, Leung MH (2016). 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4095: 3055: 2685: 1567:may be used. In those with joint or muscle pain, 1125:(DCs), T cells, and B cells. Dendritic cells are 809:, which are often prone to autoimmune responses. 10021: 8653: 7900:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease 6417: 5832:Miyamoto ST, Valim V, Fisher BA (18 June 2021). 2099:of samples taken for research, supported by the 1929:Among those without other autoimmune disorders, 9808:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues 5975: 5874:Zhang Q, Wang X, Chen H, Shen B (10 May 2017). 5529: 5527: 3623: 2688:"Recent advances in primary Sjogren's syndrome" 1543:Treatment is directed at managing the person's 825:knowledge of the management of this autoimmune 547:is a known complication of Sjögren's syndrome. 8420:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis 6747:. Sjögren's Syndrome Foundation. August 2016. 6374:Ng WF, Bowman SJ, Griffiths B (January 2011). 6047: 6045: 4942:Open Access Rheumatology: Research and Reviews 4517: 4451: 3740: 3320: 3262: 3225: 2471: 2095:Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Registry, a tissue 1349:can reveal dryness on the surface of the eye. 1137:of lymphocytes into the glands in response to 998:and B-cell receptor (BCR) activation involving 9378:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis 8025: 7414: 7163: 6312: 6252: 5386: 3895: 3736: 3734: 2534:Singh AG, Singh S, Matteson EL (March 2016). 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 1563:(preferably sugar-free); sipping water; or a 1340:measures the production of tears: a strip of 601:Sjogren's is the second most common cause of 302:, medications to reduce inflammation, surgery 6545: 6208: 6121: 6080: 6009: 6007: 5652: 5611: 5568: 5524: 5489: 5188: 5145: 4874: 4860:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4813: 4805:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4374: 4296: 4255: 4206: 4165: 4089: 3980: 2629:Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM (2014-10-21). 2007:associated with a round-cell infiltrate and 986:. This also suggested the activation of the 435:The hallmark symptom of Sjögren syndrome is 6042: 4772: 4124: 4007: 3931: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 2430:. Oxford University Press. pp. 10–11. 1523:concluded that SS patients often show high 8032: 8018: 7421: 7407: 7170: 7156: 6690: 6688: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6352: 5709:Complicating Primary Sjögren's Syndrome". 5534:Smedby KE, Baecklund E, Askling J (2006). 3731: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3268: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2448: 2187:among patients, but vitamin A levels were 2171:Some research has shown that a paucity of 1824:A small study showed possible efficacy of 727:affecting susceptibility to the syndrome. 196: 62: 6944: 6720: 6622: 6612: 6571: 6443: 6391: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6276: 6183: 6173: 6104: 6004: 5952: 5942: 5901: 5891: 5684: 5635: 5551: 5456: 5414: 5404: 5212: 4963: 4953: 4837: 4747: 4737: 4673: 4616: 4545: 4535: 4474: 4279: 4230: 4189: 4148: 3955: 3483: 3434: 3424: 3348: 3338: 3294: 3141: 2996: 2986: 2902: 2860: 2811: 2762: 2713: 2703: 2662: 2559: 2529: 2527: 2383: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2300:Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome 1457: 1060:Environmental factors, such as glandular 1055: 928: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6498: 5351: 4475:Fox R. I. (2005). "Sjögren's syndrome". 4110:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 3874: 3528: 3406: 2686:Holdgate N, St Clair EW (17 June 2016). 2477:"What Is Sjögren's Syndrome? Fast Facts" 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2331:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary 2250:player) has both Sjögren's syndrome and 2202:, the diagnosis can be more convenient. 2077: 1840: 1271: 1173: 553: 426: 10005:Oral manifestations of systemic disease 9154:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 7934:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 6799:from the original on November 13, 2021. 6685: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6413: 6411: 6349: 3842:Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 3685: 3038: 2927: 2589: 2576: 2318: 2103:, was established in 2010. It supports 1845: 1595:Moisture replacement therapies such as 1527:that directly relates to inflammation. 14: 10022: 9191:As a manifestation of systemic disease 7386:Congenital contractural arachnodactyly 6821:from the original on 10 September 2012 6301: 5743: 5308: 5283: 2524: 2338: 2205:With regard to therapeutics, multiple 1551:; medications to reduce inflammation; 1435:opposite the neck of the upper second 1392:takes a tissue sample that can reveal 1096:in Sjögren's syndrome, leading to the 10040:Hepatitis C virus-associated diseases 9978: 9877: 9801: 9559: 9438: 9224: 9014: 8652: 8315: 8255: 8143: 8051: 8013: 7756:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 7402: 7151: 6769:from the original on 22 February 2014 6495: 5827: 5825: 2940:"Sjögren's Syndrome Information Page" 2505: 2408: 1984:The disease was described in 1933 by 1956:, people of any age can be affected. 1703:disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs 1611:inserted to help retain tears on the 1117:epithelial cells and allows aberrant 488:, constant eye discomfort, recurrent 169: 10060:Systemic connective tissue disorders 9037:Gums and tooth-supporting structures 6751:from the original on 13 August 2014. 6647: 6408: 5311:Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 4434:"Sjögren's syndrome treatment – NHS" 4056: 2635:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2444:from the original on 15 August 2016. 2324: 1891: 1683:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 1355: 739:, inducing Sjögren's-like symptoms. 576:systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) 9688:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum 9560: 9531:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction 6367: 4561:Minor edits by Mikael Häggström, MD 2610:from the original on 15 August 2016 2290:(singer) diagnosed with Sjogren's, 2042:(1899–1986), an ophthalmologist in 1454:may help in the diagnosis process. 1307: 1212: 1072:. Although a number of infectious, 380:Overview and importance to patients 24: 8805:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis 8289:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia 6919: 6671:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.021 5822: 5723:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.228 4404:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07656.x 3917:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.225 3269:Denham JM, Hill ID (August 2013). 2423: 1677: 1650:In women with Sjögren's syndrome, 1645: 1476:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 351:that primarily affects the body's 57:Sjögren's syndrome, sicca syndrome 25: 10071: 7973:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 6962: 6546:Igoe A, Scofield RH (July 2013). 5540:Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev 4605:European Journal of Oral Sciences 2743:American Journal of Ophthalmology 2284:and Sjögren's syndrome at age 29. 2179:are associated with the disease. 1697:may be prescribed, and sometimes 1320:. This test involves placing the 851:In the presence of a susceptible 742: 9907:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin 9844:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome 9839:Central hypoventilation syndrome 9721:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma 9149:Necrotizing periodontal diseases 9129:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis 8041:Oral and maxillofacial pathology 7610:Hemolytic disease of the newborn 6878: 6858: 6833: 6803: 6781: 6755: 6737: 6588: 6539: 6460: 6278:10.1097/00005792-200207000-00003 5880:Patient Preference and Adherence 5711:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 4726:Arthritis Research & Therapy 4696:Dr. J. Parks, Ancaster ON Canada 4579:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 4232:10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01168.x 3905:Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 3717:10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00183.x 3070:10.1097/00002281-200009000-00007 2593:Primer on the rheumatic diseases 2487:from the original on 4 July 2016 2237: 1452:electrochemical skin conductance 1332: 939:major histocompatibility complex 681:to the syndrome. Studies on the 523: 363:glands. Common symptoms include 135: 97: 9753:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis 9390:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect 8844:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour 7792:Subacute bacterial endocarditis 7654:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura 7303:Mixed connective tissue disease 6969:Sjögren syndrome at NHS Choices 6552:Current Opinion in Rheumatology 6149: 5969: 5918: 5867: 5786: 5772: 5737: 5431: 5380: 5345: 5302: 5277: 5253: 5229: 5131: 5084: 5073: 5037: 4994: 4980: 4929: 4915: 4868: 4713: 4699: 4641: 4592: 4566: 4511: 4426: 4050: 3877:Current Opinion in Rheumatology 3868: 3833: 3790: 3777: 3580: 3514: 3500: 3451: 3400: 3194: 3158: 3109: 3084: 3013: 2962: 2877: 2828: 2779: 2730: 1936: 1883: 1559:may be tried. For a dry mouth, 1107: 812: 9738:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis 9573:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion 7279:Progressive systemic sclerosis 3321:Gabriel SE, Michaud K (2009). 2679: 2622: 2499: 2364:Nature Reviews Disease Primers 1780: 1418: 1267: 769: 725:cell-mediated immune responses 472:Sjögren's syndrome can damage 416:, muscle and joint pains, and 396:Primary symptoms are dryness ( 13: 1: 9932:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome 9881:Soft tissues around the mouth 9578:Ectopic salivary gland tissue 7872:Postorgasmic illness syndrome 7366:Eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome 6513:Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 5553:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0300 5498:Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 4881:European Journal of Radiology 4489:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66990-5 3799:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 3228:Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 3180:10.1016/S0049-0172(98)80037-1 2975:The Open Rheumatology Journal 2891:Arthritis Care & Research 2705:10.12688/f1000research.8352.1 2311: 2296:Mast Cell Activation Syndrome 2140:genome-wide association scans 2054:). In 1933, he published his 1979: 1864:diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 1799:. Treatments include at-home 1578: 1555:or other surgery to shut the 1497: 1465: 1410: 1383: 947:genome-wide association study 795:human T-cell leukemia virus-1 518:distal renal tubular acidosis 408:. Other symptoms can include 391: 9102:Gingival cyst of the newborn 8711:Failure of eruption of teeth 8415:Hand, foot and mouth disease 8400:Focal epithelial hyperplasia 8338:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica 8284:Palatal cysts of the newborn 8207:Transient lingual papillitis 7929:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 7195:Systemic lupus erythematosus 6564:10.1097/BOR.0b013e32836200d2 6481:10.1016/j.autrev.2011.10.002 6028:10.1016/j.autrev.2009.11.004 5990:10.1093/rheumatology/keab364 5458:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.08.461 4654:Clinical Oral Investigations 3651:Nature Reviews. Rheumatology 3601:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.09.003 3464:Arthritis & Rheumatology 3386:10.1016/j.autrev.2015.03.004 2792:Arthritis & Rheumatology 2158:human immunodeficiency virus 2101:Medical Research Council, UK 1991: 1943:systemic lupus erythematosus 1915: 1862:in the salivary glands) and 1835: 1533: 1242: 1082:human T-lymphotropic virus 1 915:systemic lupus erythematosus 639:systemic lupus erythematosus 530:neonatal lupus erythematosus 514:urinary concentrating defect 506:tubulointerstitial nephritis 7: 10055:Syndromes of unknown causes 9630:Salivary gland diverticulum 9593:Necrotizing sialometaplasia 8604:Smokeless tobacco keratosis 8516:Basaloid squamous carcinoma 7995:Systemic autoimmune disease 7831:Allergic contact dermatitis 7751:Hypersensitivity vasculitis 7634:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 7180:connective tissue disorders 6946:10.1093/rheumatology/kex166 6393:10.1093/rheumatology/keq240 6106:10.1093/rheumatology/kei107 6066:10.1016/j.imlet.2011.06.007 5944:10.1093/rheumatology/kev354 5853:10.1093/rheumatology/key370 5808:10.1093/rheumatology/kep141 5214:10.1093/rheumatology/kem004 4893:10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110765 4839:10.1093/rheumatology/keu453 3957:10.4049/jimmunol.150.8.3615 3522:"Dysautonomia in Sjögren's" 2988:10.2174/1874312901409010036 2552:10.1093/rheumatology/kev354 2073: 2022:. Many conditions, such as 1752: 1699:intravenous immunoglobulins 1615:surface for a longer time. 1590: 1538: 797:are among the most studied 735:stimulates presentation of 706: 672: 512:(excess protein in urine), 374: 10: 10076: 10035:Connective tissue diseases 9640:Salivary gland hyperplasia 9588:HIV salivary gland disease 9097:Gingival cyst of the adult 8543:Oral florid papillomatosis 8256: 8144: 7501:common allergies include: 6525:10.1016/j.berh.2012.01.012 6436:10.1016/j.jaut.2012.01.008 6162:Biology of Sex Differences 5758:10.1016/j.clim.2017.04.005 5510:10.1016/j.berh.2007.09.001 5323:10.1080/030097401300232583 4666:10.1007/s00784-020-03741-3 4360:10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.011 4317:10.1191/0961203304lu1094oa 4075:10.1016/j.jaut.2013.01.010 3786:10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.024 3096:www.indianrheumatology.org 3025:www.indianrheumatology.org 2853:10.1007/s10067-022-06119-w 2068:keratoconjunctivitis sicca 1974: 1819: 1630:(Evoxac) and pilocarpine. 750:of fetal cells (offspring 631:connective tissue disorder 441:keratoconjunctivitis sicca 38:Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome 31: 9985: 9979: 9974: 9887: 9879:Orofacial soft tissues – 9873: 9814: 9797: 9645:Salivary gland hypoplasia 9568: 9555: 9459: 9434: 9373:Bisphosphonate-associated 9267:Idiopathic osteosclerosis 9242: 9220: 9043: 9010: 8738:Dentinogenesis imperfecta 8674: 8648: 8328: 8311: 8264: 8251: 8202:Median rhomboid glossitis 8152: 8139: 8060: 8047: 7955: 7921: 7912: 7890: 7844: 7823: 7804: 7774: 7728: 7713: 7672: 7624: 7617: 7603: 7573: 7548: 7463: 7440: 7338: 7315: 7294: 7264: 7221: 7208:Libman–Sacks endocarditis 7193: 7186: 7084: 6988: 6892:(in Croatian). 2024-03-26 6713:10.1007/s12016-007-8005-6 6327:10.1007/s10787-998-0012-6 6230:10.1080/03009740701678712 6175:10.1186/s13293-017-0137-7 5589:10.1007/s12016-007-8001-x 5406:10.1186/s12903-016-0296-7 5166:10.1080/00365520701195345 4739:10.1186/s13075-020-2132-3 4537:10.3389/fimmu.2022.850759 4281:10.1038/labinvest.3780215 3811:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.06.151 3426:10.3389/fimmu.2021.702505 3287:10.1007/s11882-013-0352-1 3240:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.136 2755:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.043 1634:, a manufactured form of 1488:graft-versus-host disease 1147:proinflammatory cytokines 994:-directed recruitment to 719:, are believed to affect 608: 319: 306: 295: 274: 261: 250: 242: 234: 222: 205: 181: 83: 70: 61: 53: 48: 10045:Salivary gland pathology 9952:Orofacial granulomatosis 9731:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 9716:Adenoid cystic carcinoma 9650:Salivary gland neoplasms 9441:Temporomandibular joints 9412:Periapical periodontitis 9144:Linear gingival erythema 8912:Regional odontodysplasia 8758:Enamel hypocalcification 8052: 7746:Henoch–Schönlein purpura 7561:Eosinophilic esophagitis 7245:Juvenile dermatomyositis 6701:Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 5780:"Patient Survey Results" 5577:Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 5284:Branch NS (2017-04-07). 3663:10.1038/nrrheum.2010.118 3546:Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 3407:Davies K, Ng WF (2021). 1446:For Sjögren's syndrome, 1259: 1156:B-cell activating factor 1127:antigen-presenting cells 280:Medication side effect, 218:, other areas of dryness 34:Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 32:Not to be confused with 9849:Obstructive sleep apnea 9615:Salivary duct stricture 9395:Paget's disease of bone 8892:Pulp canal obliteration 8733:Dentin hypersensitivity 8679:Amelogenesis imperfecta 8531:Squamous cell carcinoma 8511:Adenosquamous carcinoma 8498:Squamous cell papilloma 8475:Melanocytic oral lesion 7862:Hashimoto's thyroiditis 7649:Guillain–Barré syndrome 7254:Inclusion body myositis 6980:US Sjögren's Foundation 5154:Scand. J. Gastroenterol 5109:10.1111/1753-0407.12856 4781:Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 4574:"Blood and Urine Tests" 4518:Al-Mughales JA (2022). 4028:10.1002/jcla.1860050604 3413:Frontiers in Immunology 3275:Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 3134:10.1136/ard.2003.014944 2231:seemed less effective. 2122:are generally found in 1826:vagus nerve stimulation 1795:of bacteria that cause 1695:immunosuppressive drugs 1509:changes can reduce the 1040:abnormality related to 943:human leukocyte antigen 687:human leukocyte antigen 18:Sjögren's syndrome 9995:Hemifacial hypertrophy 9962:Pyostomatitis vegetans 9635:Salivary gland fistula 9625:Salivary gland atresia 9620:Salivary gland aplasia 9474:Mandibular dislocation 9445:muscles of mastication 9323:Calcifying odontogenic 8952:Vertical root fracture 8947:Cracked tooth syndrome 8922:Shovel-shaped incisors 8817:Wisdom tooth impaction 8699:Early childhood caries 8565:Benign mucous membrane 8526:Spindle cell carcinoma 8435:Intraoral dental sinus 8353:Burning mouth syndrome 7963:Autoimmune adrenalitis 7371:Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 7361:Eosinophilic fasciitis 7356:Polymyalgia rheumatica 6601:Pathogens and Immunity 5717:(Suppl 3): A55.3–A56. 3911:(Suppl 3): A54.3–A55. 3854:10.1006/clin.1998.4520 2292:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 2087: 1745:and increased risk of 1666:) are often reported; 1458:Autoimmune comorbidity 1433:vestibule of the mouth 1285: 1056:Environmental triggers 929:Genetic predisposition 679:genetic predisposition 621:such as exposure to a 580:autoimmune thyroiditis 432: 276:Differential diagnosis 9804:Stomatognathic system 9706:Acinic cell carcinoma 9328:Glandular odontogenic 8480:Molluscum contagiosum 7223:Inflammatory myopathy 6380:Rheumatology (Oxford) 6093:Rheumatology (Oxford) 5201:Rheumatology (Oxford) 4955:10.2147/OARRR.S284763 4826:Rheumatology (Oxford) 3558:10.1385/CRIAI:25:1:89 3168:Semin Arthritis Rheum 2841:Clinical Rheumatology 2207:monoclonal antibodies 2162:hepatitis delta virus 2081: 1961:first-degree relative 1841:Organ-related impacts 1525:sensitivity to gluten 1492:anticholinergic drugs 1388:A lip/salivary gland 1347:slit-lamp examination 1275: 1174:Programmed cell death 619:environmental trigger 554:Associated conditions 430: 9947:Oral Crohn's disease 9902:Basal cell carcinoma 9541:Condylar hyperplasia 9526:Maxillary hypoplasia 9092:Gingival enlargement 9025:periodontal ligament 8631:Verruciform xanthoma 8363:Condyloma acuminatum 7968:Autoimmune hepatitis 7947:Transplant rejection 7857:Giant cell arteritis 7787:Rheumatoid arthritis 7644:Goodpasture syndrome 7556:Autoimmune urticaria 7346:IgG4-related disease 7274:Systemic scleroderma 6614:10.20411/pai.v1i1.72 6315:Inflammopharmacology 6265:Medicine (Baltimore) 6131:Clin. Exp. Rheumatol 6016:Autoimmunity Reviews 5677:10.1084/jem.20050068 5286:"Sjögren's Syndrome" 5265:www.rheumatology.org 5261:"Sjogren's Syndrome" 4988:"Sjögren's Syndrome" 3589:Autoimmunity Reviews 3206:Sjögren's Foundation 2376:10.1038/nrdp.2016.47 2181:Vitamin D deficiency 2052:keratoconjunctivitis 1997:Jan Mikulicz-Radecki 1902:rheumatoid arthritis 1852:non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1846:Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1804:fluoride application 1735:stomach aches/cramps 1290:antinuclear antibody 1278:antinuclear antibody 988:innate immune system 919:rheumatoid arthritis 756:maternal circulation 661:there are typically 635:rheumatoid arthritis 596:non-Hodgkin lymphoma 484:. Others experience 171:[ˈɧø̂ːɡreːn] 10030:Autoimmune diseases 9957:Perioral dermatitis 9693:Pleomorphic adenoma 9673:Monomorphic adenoma 9663:Canalicular adenoma 9536:Condylar hypoplasia 9469:Condylar resorption 9313:Lateral periodontal 9272:Mandibular fracture 9171:Periodontal abscess 8768:Turner's hypoplasia 8536:Verrucous carcinoma 8485:Morsicatio buccarum 8465:Lupus erythematosus 8378:Erythema multiforme 8294:Stomatitis nicotina 7434:autoimmune diseases 7236:Dermatopolymyositis 6218:Scand. J. Rheumatol 5893:10.2147/PPA.S132751 5746:Clinical Immunology 5141:. 29 December 2022. 5097:Journal of Diabetes 4396:1999NYASA.876..312S 3950:(8 Pt 1): 3615–23. 3058:Curr Opin Rheumatol 2647:10.1503/cmaj.122037 2248:U.S. Olympic soccer 2198:technology, called 2138:patients. Multiple 2020:Mikulicz's syndrome 1856:lymphoid malignancy 1668:personal lubricants 1366:submandibular gland 1233:Estrogen deficiency 1070:toll-like receptors 1046:histone acetylation 951:control individuals 880:cerebrospinal fluid 733:estrogen deficiency 665:within the glands. 588:spondyloarthropathy 566:disorders, such as 355:, particularly the 10000:Facial hemiatrophy 9854:Periodic breathing 9785:Sjögren's syndrome 9658:Basal cell adenoma 9422:Torus mandibularis 9400:Periapical abscess 9383:Osteoradionecrosis 9308:Buccal bifurcation 9287:Intraosseous cysts 9176:Periodontal trauma 9080:Pyogenic granuloma 8927:Supernumerary root 8880:Pulp calcification 8868:Premature eruption 8839:Odontogenic tumors 8636:White sponge nevus 8609:Submucous fibrosis 8553:Smoker's melanosis 8440:Irritation fibroma 8279:High-arched palate 8187:Foliate papillitis 8177:Cunnilingus tongue 8162:Black hairy tongue 8092:Congenital lip pit 7877:Reactive arthritis 7867:Multiple sclerosis 7761:Reactive arthritis 7659:Pemphigus vulgaris 7639:Bullous pemphigoid 7540:Penicillin allergy 7476:Allergic urticaria 7085:External resources 5366:10.1079/IVP2005711 5015:10.1111/papr.12763 4098:Annu. Rev. Immunol 4016:J. Clin. Lab. Anal 3755:10.1038/ni0901-777 3524:. 26 October 2023. 3327:Arthritis Res Ther 2631:"Sjögren syndrome" 2427:Sjögren's Syndrome 2154:Epstein-Barr virus 2088: 1711:Hydroxychloroquine 1664:sexual intercourse 1624:Prescription drugs 1603:to increase local 1521:experimental study 1286: 1282:immunofluorescence 1143:adhesion molecules 1121:and activation of 1078:Epstein-Barr virus 996:lymphoid follicles 923:systemic sclerosis 853:genetic background 787:Epstein–Barr virus 643:systemic sclerosis 584:multiple sclerosis 433: 349:autoimmune disease 334:Sjögren's syndrome 255:Autoimmune disease 49:Sjögren's syndrome 10017: 10016: 10013: 10012: 9970: 9969: 9869: 9868: 9793: 9792: 9698:Sebaceous adenoma 9551: 9550: 9430: 9429: 9341:Median mandibular 9336:Nasopalatine duct 9252:Alveolar osteitis 9216: 9215: 9203:Perio-endo lesion 9085:Congenital epulis 9006: 9005: 8763:Enamel hypoplasia 8644: 8643: 8619:Riga–Fede disease 8470:Melanocytic nevus 8410:Hairy leukoplakia 8373:Epulis fissuratum 8307: 8306: 8247: 8246: 8197:Geographic tongue 8135: 8134: 8007: 8006: 8003: 8002: 7908: 7907: 7800: 7799: 7709: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7697:Pernicious anemia 7692:Myasthenia gravis 7569: 7568: 7492:Atopic dermatitis 7481:Allergic rhinitis 7396: 7395: 7311: 7310: 7145: 7144: 5059:10.1093/pm/pny183 4618:10.1111/eos.12880 4483:(9482): 321–331. 4219:Scand. J. Immunol 4191:10.1002/art.23073 3476:10.1002/art.39044 2904:10.1002/acr.22974 2804:10.1002/art.42238 2641:(15): E579–E586. 2603:978-0-387-68566-3 2590:John H K (2008). 2517:978-0-323-07699-9 2506:Ferri FF (2010). 2483:. November 2014. 2437:978-0-19-873695-0 2305:Slađana Milošević 2223:, while the anti- 2166:hepatitis C virus 1892:Burden of illness 1871:rheumatoid factor 1809:pulp of the tooth 1763:immunosuppressant 1565:saliva substitute 1472:radiation therapy 1450:function through 1356:Saliva flow tests 1345:test is taken. A 1294:rheumatoid factor 1178:Dysregulation of 1086:hepatitis C virus 1036:Beyond genetics, 1004:T-cell activation 911:sickness behavior 834:self-perpetuating 799:infectious agents 783:molecular mimicry 327: 326: 263:Diagnostic method 43:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 10067: 9976: 9975: 9875: 9874: 9799: 9798: 9668:Ductal papilloma 9557: 9556: 9436: 9435: 9333:Non-odontogenic: 9318:Globulomaxillary 9257:Buccal exostosis 9222: 9221: 9166:Peri-implantitis 9012: 9011: 8728:Dentin dysplasia 8650: 8649: 8626:Verruca vulgaris 8521:Mucosal melanoma 8368:Darier's disease 8343:Behçet's disease 8313: 8312: 8269:Bednar's aphthae 8253: 8252: 8141: 8140: 8127:Trumpeter's wart 8049: 8048: 8034: 8027: 8020: 8011: 8010: 7990:Sjögren syndrome 7919: 7918: 7821: 7820: 7726: 7725: 7622: 7621: 7601: 7600: 7461: 7460: 7430:Hypersensitivity 7423: 7416: 7409: 7400: 7399: 7351:Behçet's disease 7330:Sjögren syndrome 7318:hypersensitivity 7299:Overlap syndrome 7203:Drug-induced SLE 7191: 7190: 7172: 7165: 7158: 7149: 7148: 7136:Sjögren syndrome 6986: 6985: 6974:Sjögren syndrome 6958: 6948: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6759: 6753: 6752: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6724: 6692: 6683: 6682: 6654: 6645: 6644: 6626: 6616: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6575: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6508: 6493: 6492: 6464: 6458: 6457: 6447: 6415: 6406: 6405: 6395: 6371: 6365: 6362: 6347: 6346: 6310: 6299: 6298: 6280: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6187: 6177: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6108: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6049: 6040: 6039: 6022:(5): A305–A310. 6011: 6002: 6001: 5984:(9): 4029–4038. 5973: 5967: 5966: 5956: 5946: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5905: 5895: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5847:(6): 2588–2601. 5838: 5829: 5820: 5819: 5802:(9): 1077–1082. 5790: 5784: 5783: 5776: 5770: 5769: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5688: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5639: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5555: 5531: 5522: 5521: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5460: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5418: 5408: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5216: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5088: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5041: 5035: 5034: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4984: 4978: 4977: 4967: 4957: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4925:. 10 March 2023. 4919: 4913: 4912: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4859: 4851: 4841: 4817: 4811: 4810: 4804: 4796: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4751: 4741: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4677: 4660:(6): 4107–4114. 4645: 4639: 4638: 4620: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4570: 4564: 4559: 4549: 4539: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4472: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4384:Ann N Y Acad Sci 4378: 4372: 4371: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4283: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4234: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4193: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4152: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4011: 4005: 4004: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3959: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3794: 3788: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3705:Eur. J. Oral Sci 3700: 3683: 3682: 3646: 3621: 3620: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3541: 3526: 3525: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3487: 3470:(5): 1345–1352. 3455: 3449: 3448: 3438: 3428: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3352: 3342: 3318: 3309: 3308: 3298: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3145: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3053: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3000: 2990: 2966: 2960: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2946:. Archived from 2936: 2925: 2924: 2906: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2864: 2847:(7): 2071–2078. 2832: 2826: 2825: 2815: 2798:(9): 1569–1579. 2783: 2777: 2776: 2766: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2717: 2707: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2666: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2587: 2574: 2573: 2563: 2531: 2522: 2521: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2473: 2446: 2445: 2421: 2406: 2405: 2387: 2359: 2336: 2335: 2322: 2266:(world-champion 2258:Carrie Ann Inaba 2126:patients, while 2084:Carrie Ann Inaba 1723:loss of appetite 1709:may be helpful. 1597:artificial tears 1549:artificial tears 1547:. For dry eyes, 1370:sublingual gland 1327:diagnostic tools 1308:Rose bengal test 1213:Hormonal factors 1200:epithelial cells 1066:epithelial cells 545:cryoglobulinemia 490:mouth infections 418:thyroid problems 330:Sjögren syndrome 300:Artificial tears 201: 200: 173: 168: 164: 163: 160: 159: 156: 153: 150: 147: 144: 141: 134: 126: 125: 122: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 106: 103: 96: 66: 46: 45: 21: 10075: 10074: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10065: 10064: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10009: 9981: 9966: 9922:Ludwig's angina 9883: 9865: 9824:Mouth breathing 9810: 9789: 9610:Pneumoparotitis 9583:Frey's syndrome 9564: 9562:Salivary glands 9547: 9455: 9426: 9405:Phoenix abscess 9238: 9234:hard tissues – 9212: 9134:Hypercementosis 9053:Cementoblastoma 9039: 9002: 8716:Dens evaginatus 8670: 8640: 8592:Denture-related 8577:Plasmoacanthoma 8503:Keratoacanthoma 8324: 8322:Lining of mouth 8303: 8299:Torus palatinus 8260: 8243: 8224:Lingual thyroid 8182:Fissured tongue 8172:Crenated tongue 8148: 8131: 8117:Nasolabial cyst 8102:Herpes labialis 8056: 8043: 8038: 8008: 7999: 7951: 7914: 7904: 7886: 7882:Type 1 diabetes 7852:Coeliac disease 7840: 7812: 7796: 7770: 7736:Arthus reaction 7717: 7701: 7687:Graves' disease 7668: 7664:Rheumatic fever 7613: 7581: 7565: 7544: 7471:Allergic asthma 7452: 7436: 7427: 7397: 7392: 7381:Marfan syndrome 7334: 7307: 7290: 7260: 7241:Dermatomyositis 7217: 7213:Lupus nephritis 7182: 7176: 7146: 7141: 7140: 7080: 7079: 6997: 6965: 6939:(10): e24–e48. 6922: 6920:Further reading 6905: 6904: 6895: 6893: 6890:www.jutarnji.hr 6884: 6883: 6879: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6850: 6848: 6839: 6838: 6834: 6824: 6822: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6772: 6770: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6693: 6686: 6655: 6648: 6593: 6589: 6544: 6540: 6509: 6496: 6465: 6461: 6416: 6409: 6372: 6368: 6363: 6350: 6311: 6302: 6257: 6253: 6213: 6209: 6154: 6150: 6126: 6122: 6085: 6081: 6050: 6043: 6012: 6005: 5974: 5970: 5923: 5919: 5872: 5868: 5836: 5830: 5823: 5791: 5787: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5742: 5738: 5706: 5702: 5657: 5653: 5624:Arthritis Rheum 5616: 5612: 5573: 5569: 5546:(11): 2069–77. 5532: 5525: 5504:(6): 989–1010. 5494: 5490: 5436: 5432: 5393:BMC Oral Health 5385: 5381: 5350: 5346: 5307: 5303: 5294: 5292: 5282: 5278: 5269: 5267: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5245: 5243: 5241:medlineplus.gov 5235: 5234: 5230: 5193: 5189: 5150: 5146: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5089: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5042: 5038: 4999: 4995: 4990:. 7 April 2017. 4986: 4985: 4981: 4934: 4930: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4873: 4869: 4853: 4852: 4818: 4814: 4798: 4797: 4777: 4773: 4718: 4714: 4709:. 15 June 2020. 4705: 4704: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4646: 4642: 4597: 4593: 4584: 4582: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4560: 4516: 4512: 4473: 4452: 4443: 4441: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4379: 4375: 4344: 4340: 4301: 4297: 4260: 4256: 4211: 4207: 4184:(12): 3977–88. 4178:Arthritis Rheum 4170: 4166: 4129: 4125: 4094: 4090: 4055: 4051: 4012: 4008: 3985: 3981: 3936: 3932: 3900: 3896: 3873: 3869: 3838: 3834: 3795: 3791: 3782: 3778: 3739: 3732: 3701: 3686: 3647: 3624: 3585: 3581: 3542: 3529: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3456: 3452: 3405: 3401: 3370: 3366: 3319: 3312: 3267: 3263: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3163: 3159: 3122:Ann. Rheum. Dis 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3054: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3019: 3018: 3014: 2967: 2963: 2953: 2951: 2938: 2937: 2928: 2882: 2878: 2833: 2829: 2784: 2780: 2735: 2731: 2684: 2680: 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2604: 2588: 2577: 2532: 2525: 2518: 2504: 2500: 2490: 2488: 2475: 2474: 2449: 2438: 2422: 2409: 2360: 2339: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2278:Stephen McPhail 2240: 2196:miniaturization 2105:clinical trials 2082:Singer-actress 2076: 2056:doctoral thesis 2005:lacrimal glands 1994: 1982: 1977: 1939: 1931:life expectancy 1923:mortality rates 1918: 1898:quality of life 1894: 1886: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1822: 1783: 1755: 1691:corticosteroids 1680: 1678:Musculoskeletal 1652:vaginal dryness 1648: 1646:Vaginal dryness 1593: 1581: 1541: 1536: 1500: 1478:, pre-existing 1468: 1460: 1421: 1413: 1386: 1358: 1338:Schirmer's test 1335: 1318:lacrimal glands 1310: 1270: 1262: 1245: 1215: 1176: 1164:lymphomagenesis 1160:germinal centre 1123:dendritic cells 1110: 1064:, could prompt 1062:viral infection 1058: 1042:DNA methylation 1031:salivary glands 931: 823:pathophysiology 815: 807:exocrine glands 772: 745: 709: 675: 611: 556: 526: 502:vocal disorders 482:symptomatically 445:Vaginal dryness 394: 382: 377: 353:exocrine glands 314:life expectancy 257:(unknown cause) 195: 177: 166: 165: 138: 129: 128: 100: 91: 90: 44: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10073: 10063: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10015: 10014: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9990:Eagle syndrome 9986: 9983: 9982: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9912:Cystic hygroma 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9888: 9885: 9884: 9871: 9870: 9867: 9866: 9864: 9863: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9826: 9821: 9815: 9812: 9811: 9795: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9788: 9787: 9782: 9780:Sialolithiasis 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9756: 9755: 9750: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9711:Adenocarcinoma 9708: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9678:Myoepithelioma 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9606: 9605: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9553: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9544: 9543: 9538: 9528: 9523: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9432: 9431: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9408: 9407: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9386: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9354: 9353: 9351:Traumatic bone 9348: 9346:Median palatal 9343: 9338: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9218: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9199: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9146: 9141: 9139:Hypocementosis 9136: 9131: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9114: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9082: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9050: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9008: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8973: 8972: 8971: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8888: 8887: 8877: 8876: 8875: 8873:Neonatal teeth 8865: 8860: 8859: 8858: 8848: 8847: 8846: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8809: 8808: 8807: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8760: 8755: 8753:Ectopic enamel 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8724: 8723: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8646: 8645: 8642: 8641: 8639: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8622: 8621: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8600: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8568: 8567: 8557: 8556: 8555: 8548:Oral melanosis 8545: 8540: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8505: 8500: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8348:Bohn's nodules 8345: 8340: 8335: 8333:Amalgam tattoo 8329: 8326: 8325: 8309: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8137: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8045: 8044: 8037: 8036: 8029: 8022: 8014: 8005: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7925: 7923: 7916: 7910: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7902: 7896: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7833: 7827: 7825: 7818: 7802: 7801: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7766:Serum sickness 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7732: 7730: 7723: 7720:Immune complex 7711: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7683: 7681: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7630: 7628: 7619: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7607: 7605: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7589: 7571: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7563: 7558: 7552: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7478: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7458: 7438: 7437: 7426: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7403: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7383: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7333: 7332: 7326: 7324: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7284:CREST syndrome 7281: 7270: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7247: 7233: 7227: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7197: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7175: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7152: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7127: 7101: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7066: 7055: 7044: 7029: 7014: 6998: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989:Classification 6983: 6982: 6977: 6971: 6964: 6963:External links 6961: 6960: 6959: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6903: 6902: 6877: 6874:. 11 May 2022. 6857: 6845:Irish Examiner 6832: 6802: 6780: 6754: 6736: 6684: 6646: 6587: 6558:(4): 480–487. 6538: 6494: 6459: 6430:(1–2): 57–63. 6407: 6366: 6348: 6300: 6251: 6207: 6148: 6120: 6079: 6041: 6003: 5968: 5937:(3): 450–460. 5917: 5866: 5821: 5785: 5771: 5736: 5700: 5671:(8): 1229–41. 5651: 5610: 5567: 5523: 5488: 5451:(3): 681–689. 5430: 5379: 5360:(6): 806–811. 5344: 5301: 5276: 5252: 5228: 5187: 5144: 5130: 5103:(4): 273–279. 5083: 5072: 5053:(5): 979–987. 5036: 5009:(4): 426–434. 4993: 4979: 4928: 4914: 4867: 4832:(6): 1056–64. 4812: 4771: 4712: 4698: 4689: 4640: 4591: 4565: 4510: 4450: 4425: 4373: 4338: 4295: 4254: 4205: 4164: 4123: 4088: 4049: 4006: 3995:(7): 1554–62. 3979: 3930: 3894: 3867: 3832: 3789: 3776: 3749:(9): 777–780. 3730: 3684: 3657:(9): 529–537. 3622: 3595:(2): 192–198. 3579: 3527: 3513: 3499: 3450: 3399: 3364: 3340:10.1186/ar2669 3310: 3261: 3218: 3193: 3157: 3128:(11): 1496–7. 3108: 3083: 3037: 3012: 2961: 2950:on 19 May 2018 2926: 2897:(4): 528–535. 2876: 2827: 2778: 2729: 2678: 2621: 2602: 2575: 2523: 2516: 2498: 2447: 2436: 2424:Ng WF (2016). 2407: 2337: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2308: 2302: 2285: 2275: 2264:Venus Williams 2261: 2255: 2239: 2236: 2130:is related to 2093:United Kingdom 2075: 2072: 2040:Henrik Sjögren 2026:, infections, 1993: 1990: 1986:Henrik Sjögren 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1938: 1935: 1933:is unchanged. 1917: 1914: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1860:MALT lymphomas 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1828:for Sjogren's 1821: 1818: 1782: 1779: 1773:that work via 1765:drugs such as 1754: 1751: 1743:liver toxicity 1679: 1676: 1647: 1644: 1618:Additionally, 1592: 1589: 1580: 1577: 1573:antihistamines 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1499: 1496: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1429:contrast agent 1420: 1417: 1412: 1409: 1385: 1382: 1357: 1354: 1334: 1331: 1309: 1306: 1269: 1266: 1261: 1258: 1244: 1241: 1214: 1211: 1175: 1172: 1109: 1106: 1057: 1054: 1027:Seropositivity 1023:autoantibodies 930: 927: 846:lacrimal fluid 814: 811: 775:Viral proteins 771: 768: 764:self-tolerance 752:lymphoid cells 748:Microchimerism 744: 743:Microchimerism 741: 708: 705: 674: 671: 610: 607: 594:, principally 590:, and several 568:celiac disease 555: 552: 525: 522: 494:parotid glands 486:blurred vision 393: 390: 381: 378: 376: 373: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 310: 304: 303: 297: 293: 292: 278: 272: 271: 265: 259: 258: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 226: 220: 219: 209: 203: 202: 185: 179: 178: 176: 175: 87: 85: 81: 80: 68: 67: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10072: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9977: 9973: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9892:Actinomycosis 9890: 9889: 9886: 9882: 9876: 9872: 9862: 9859: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9800: 9796: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9770:Sialodochitis 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9604: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9567: 9563: 9558: 9554: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9481: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9449:malocclusions 9446: 9442: 9437: 9433: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9417:Stafne defect 9415: 9413: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9368:Osteonecrosis 9366: 9364: 9363:Osteomyelitis 9361: 9359: 9356: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9289: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9241: 9237: 9236:Bones of jaws 9233: 9229: 9223: 9219: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9182: 9181:Periodontitis 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9161:Pericoronitis 9159: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9117:Granulomatous 9115: 9113: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9070:Eruption cyst 9068: 9066: 9063: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9045: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9013: 9009: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8977: 8974: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8897:Pulp necrosis 8895: 8893: 8890: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8881: 8878: 8874: 8871: 8870: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8857: 8856:Dens in dente 8854: 8853: 8852: 8849: 8845: 8842: 8841: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8810: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8748:Discoloration 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8673: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8584: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8566: 8563: 8562: 8561: 8558: 8554: 8551: 8550: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8455:Lichen planus 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8430:Herpes zoster 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8405:Fordyce spots 8403: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8383:Erythroplakia 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8314: 8310: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8254: 8250: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8167:Caviar tongue 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8157:Ankyloglossia 8155: 8154: 8151: 8147: 8142: 8138: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8122:Sun poisoning 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8067: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8059: 8055: 8050: 8046: 8042: 8035: 8030: 8028: 8023: 8021: 8016: 8015: 8012: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7954: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7941:Latex allergy 7939: 7935: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7917: 7911: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7893: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7811: 7810:cell-mediated 7807: 7803: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7741:Farmer's lung 7739: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7620: 7616: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7602: 7599: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7456: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7424: 7419: 7417: 7412: 7410: 7405: 7404: 7401: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7319: 7314: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7296: 7293: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7275: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7192: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7173: 7168: 7166: 7161: 7159: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7120: 7117: 7114: 7111: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7090: 7087: 7083: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7067: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6956: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6915: 6911: 6910:public domain 6907: 6906: 6891: 6887: 6881: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6861: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6768: 6765:. CNN. 2012. 6764: 6758: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6691: 6689: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6665:(7): 569–77. 6664: 6660: 6653: 6651: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6591: 6583: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6542: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6519:(1): 105–17. 6518: 6514: 6507: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6469:Autoimmun Rev 6463: 6455: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6370: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6353: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6321:(4): 271–87. 6320: 6316: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6271:(4): 270–80. 6270: 6266: 6262: 6255: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6137:(3): 378–84. 6136: 6132: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6099:(2): 187–91. 6098: 6094: 6090: 6083: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6054:Immunol. Lett 6048: 6046: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5964: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5828: 5826: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5775: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5630:(4): 908–16. 5629: 5625: 5621: 5614: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5583:(3): 265–74. 5582: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5348: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5317:(115): 1–13. 5316: 5312: 5305: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5266: 5262: 5256: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5207:(5): 868–71. 5206: 5202: 5198: 5191: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5140: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5087: 5081: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5047:Pain Medicine 5040: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5003:Pain Practice 4997: 4989: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4924: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4871: 4863: 4857: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4816: 4808: 4802: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4708: 4702: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4611:(4): e12880. 4610: 4606: 4602: 4595: 4581: 4580: 4575: 4569: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4524:Front Immunol 4521: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4439: 4435: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4390:(1): 312–24. 4389: 4385: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4274:(1): 95–105. 4273: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4225:(6): 561–71. 4224: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4137:Am. J. Pathol 4134: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4057:Lu Q (2013). 4053: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4022:(6): 382–91. 4021: 4017: 4010: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3883:(5): 644–56. 3882: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3848:(3): 309–13. 3847: 3843: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3805:(8): 1104–8. 3804: 3800: 3793: 3787: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3735: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3711:(2): 101–13. 3710: 3706: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3552:(1): 89–104. 3551: 3547: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3523: 3517: 3509: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3374:Autoimmun Rev 3368: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281:(4): 347–53. 3280: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3234:(9): 507–15. 3233: 3229: 3222: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3026: 3022: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2965: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2692:F1000Research 2689: 2682: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2546:(3): 450–60. 2545: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2519: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2333: 2332: 2327: 2321: 2317: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2238:Notable cases 2235: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216:and the anti- 2215: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2200:lab on a chip 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2085: 2080: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2061:xerophthalmia 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1987: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1924: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1793:proliferation 1790: 1787: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1687:complications 1684: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1609:punctal plugs 1606: 1602: 1598: 1588: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553:punctal plugs 1550: 1546: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1495: 1493: 1490:, and use of 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1416: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1362:parotid gland 1353: 1350: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1333:Schirmer test 1330: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1265: 1257: 1254: 1248: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192:overexpressed 1190:proteins are 1189: 1185: 1181: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141:and specific 1140: 1136: 1132: 1129:that process 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 984: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 955:polymorphisms 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 935:genetic locus 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 889: 888:interleukin 1 885: 881: 876: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 857:environmental 854: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 827:exocrinopathy 824: 820: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 767: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 715:, especially 714: 704: 702: 698: 695: 691: 688: 684: 683:polymorphisms 680: 670: 666: 664: 660: 656: 653:for specific 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 606: 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 551: 548: 546: 542: 538: 535: 531: 524:Complications 521: 519: 515: 511: 508:) leading to 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 429: 425: 423: 419: 415: 414:feeling tired 411: 407: 403: 399: 389: 387: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 322: 318: 315: 311: 309: 305: 301: 298: 294: 291: 287: 283: 279: 277: 273: 270:, blood tests 269: 268:Tissue biopsy 266: 264: 260: 256: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 230: 227: 225: 224:Complications 221: 217: 213: 210: 208: 204: 199: 193: 189: 186: 184: 180: 172: 162: 132: 124: 94: 89: 88: 86: 84:Pronunciation 82: 78: 74: 71:Image with a 69: 65: 60: 56: 52: 47: 39: 35: 30: 19: 9880: 9807: 9743:Sialadenitis 9702: 9654: 9519:Scissor bite 9514:Retrognathia 9499:Overeruption 9479:Malocclusion 9452: 9332: 9291: 9282:Micrognathia 9235: 9226:Periapical, 9112:Desquamative 9036: 9017:Periodontium 8991:Acid erosion 8932:Taurodontism 8863:Open contact 8775:Enamel pearl 8743:Dilaceration 8706:Concrescence 8507: 8494: 8321: 8274:Cleft palate 8234:Microglossia 8229:Macroglossia 8214:Glossoptosis 8112:Microcheilia 8107:Macrocheilia 7989: 7836:Mantoux test 7497:Food allergy 7329: 7250:Polymyositis 7129: 7103: 7092: 7068: 7057: 7046: 7031: 7016: 7001: 6936: 6933:Rheumatology 6932: 6912:resource at 6894:. Retrieved 6889: 6880: 6869: 6860: 6849:. Retrieved 6847:. 2020-03-03 6844: 6835: 6823:. Retrieved 6814: 6805: 6792: 6783: 6771:. Retrieved 6757: 6739: 6707:(3): 292–7. 6704: 6700: 6662: 6658: 6607:(1): 12–40. 6604: 6600: 6590: 6555: 6551: 6541: 6516: 6512: 6475:(4): 281–7. 6472: 6468: 6462: 6427: 6424:J. Autoimmun 6423: 6383: 6379: 6369: 6318: 6314: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6134: 6130: 6123: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6057: 6053: 6019: 6015: 5981: 5978:Rheumatology 5977: 5971: 5934: 5931:Rheumatology 5930: 5920: 5883: 5879: 5869: 5844: 5841:Rheumatology 5840: 5799: 5796:Rheumatology 5795: 5788: 5774: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5668: 5664: 5654: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5543: 5539: 5501: 5497: 5491: 5448: 5444: 5433: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5293:. Retrieved 5289: 5279: 5268:. Retrieved 5264: 5255: 5244:. Retrieved 5240: 5231: 5204: 5200: 5190: 5160:(8): 962–7. 5157: 5153: 5147: 5133: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5075: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5006: 5002: 4996: 4982: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4917: 4884: 4880: 4870: 4856:cite journal 4829: 4825: 4815: 4801:cite journal 4784: 4780: 4774: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4701: 4692: 4657: 4653: 4643: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4583:. Retrieved 4577: 4568: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4480: 4476: 4442:. Retrieved 4440:. 2017-10-23 4437: 4428: 4387: 4383: 4376: 4354:(4): 354–8. 4351: 4347: 4341: 4311:(9): 635–8. 4308: 4304: 4298: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4143:(1): 49–64. 4140: 4136: 4126: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4066: 4063:J. Autoimmun 4062: 4052: 4019: 4015: 4009: 3992: 3989:J. Rheumatol 3988: 3982: 3947: 3943: 3933: 3908: 3904: 3897: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3779: 3746: 3743:Nat. Immunol 3742: 3708: 3704: 3654: 3650: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3549: 3545: 3516: 3502: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3380:(7): 641–9. 3377: 3373: 3367: 3330: 3326: 3278: 3274: 3264: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3209:. Retrieved 3205: 3196: 3174:(3): 200–5. 3171: 3167: 3160: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3099:. Retrieved 3095: 3086: 3064:(5): 391–8. 3061: 3057: 3028:. Retrieved 3024: 3015: 2981:(1): 36–45. 2978: 2974: 2964: 2952:. Retrieved 2948:the original 2943: 2894: 2890: 2879: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2695: 2691: 2681: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2612:. Retrieved 2592: 2543: 2540:Rheumatology 2539: 2507: 2501: 2489:. Retrieved 2480: 2426: 2385:11568/809074 2370:(1): 16047. 2367: 2363: 2330: 2320: 2244:Shannon Boxx 2233: 2204: 2193: 2170: 2144: 2112:risk factors 2109: 2089: 2065: 2037: 2024:tuberculosis 2016:misdiagnosis 1995: 1983: 1970: 1966: 1958: 1950: 1947: 1940: 1937:Epidemiology 1928: 1919: 1910:fibromyalgia 1895: 1887: 1884:Other organs 1868: 1849: 1823: 1784: 1756: 1715:side effects 1707:methotrexate 1681: 1649: 1620:cyclosporine 1617: 1594: 1582: 1542: 1529: 1515: 1511:risk factors 1504: 1501: 1469: 1461: 1445: 1441:parotid duct 1422: 1414: 1404: 1387: 1379: 1359: 1351: 1342:filter paper 1336: 1311: 1287: 1280:patterns on 1263: 1253:specialities 1249: 1246: 1237:hypothesized 1218:Sex hormones 1216: 1203: 1177: 1151:plasmacytoid 1115:dysregulates 1111: 1108:Inflammation 1059: 1035: 1018: 1014: 1008: 999: 991: 981: 958: 932: 895:upregulation 877: 873:plasma cells 865:CD4+ T cells 850: 842:ductal cells 831: 819:pathogenetic 816: 813:Pathogenesis 773: 746: 737:autoantigens 713:sex hormones 710: 703:production. 701:autoantibody 676: 667: 647:inflammation 612: 603:dysautonomia 600: 592:malignancies 572:fibromyalgia 557: 549: 539:requiring a 527: 474:vital organs 471: 463:infiltration 457: 443:(dry eyes). 434: 404:), pain and 395: 383: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328: 192:rheumatology 29: 9937:Microstomia 9927:Macrostomia 9917:Gnathophyma 9834:Catathrenia 9829:Sleep apnea 9760:Sialectasis 9303:Dentigerous 9293:Odontogenic 9122:Plasma cell 9058:Gigantiform 8834:Microdontia 8824:Macrodontia 8795:Hyperdontia 8490:Oral cancer 8450:Leukoplakia 8358:Candidiasis 8318:Oral mucosa 8239:Rhabdomyoma 8219:Hypoglossia 8080:Plasma cell 7487:Anaphylaxis 7483:(Hay fever) 7266:Scleroderma 7094:MedlinePlus 6871:Vanity Fair 6825:18 February 6793:MedlinePlus 6773:18 February 6386:(1): 32–9. 6224:(1): 30–4. 5886:: 905–911. 5665:J. Exp. Med 4948:: 147–160. 4348:J Autoimmun 4268:Lab. Invest 2334:, Elsevier. 2221:epratuzumab 2028:sarcoidosis 1832:reduction. 1781:Dental care 1761:, biologic 1660:dyspareunia 1636:pilocarpine 1561:chewing gum 1484:sarcoidosis 1437:molar tooth 1419:Other tests 1405:focus score 1394:lymphocytes 1314:rose bengal 1268:Blood tests 1226:immunologic 1166:(origin of 1094:replication 791:hepatitis C 777:, engulfed 770:Environment 663:lymphocytes 651:blood tests 537:heart block 510:proteinuria 467:skin glands 460:lymphocytic 290:amyloidosis 286:sarcoidosis 235:Usual onset 54:Other names 10024:Categories 9897:Angioedema 9703:Malignant: 9683:Oncocytoma 9509:Prognathia 9298:periapical 9277:Microgenia 9228:mandibular 9186:Aggressive 9107:Gingivitis 9048:Cementicle 8986:Abfraction 8976:Tooth wear 8969:Edentulism 8964:Tooth loss 8917:Resorption 8902:Pulp polyp 8885:Pulp stone 8829:Meth mouth 8800:Hypodontia 8790:Gemination 8721:Talon cusp 8614:Ulceration 8582:Stomatitis 8560:Pemphigoid 8508:Malignant: 8460:Linea alba 8445:Leukoedema 8425:Herpangina 8393:Giant-cell 7956:Autoimmune 7845:Autoimmune 7775:Autoimmune 7618:Autoimmune 7549:Autoimmune 7322:autoimmune 7131:Patient UK 7070:DiseasesDB 6896:2024-03-27 6851:2020-10-03 6659:Oral Oncol 6060:(1): 1–9. 5399:(1): 102. 5295:2024-03-11 5270:2022-11-18 5246:2022-11-18 4585:2023-05-28 4530:: 850759. 4444:2020-10-03 4350:(Review). 4104:: 335–76. 3944:J. Immunol 3376:(Review). 3333:(3): 229. 3329:(Review). 3277:(Review). 3230:(Review). 3202:"Symptoms" 2312:References 2274:for years. 2164:(HDV) and 1954:middle age 1813:root canal 1786:Preventive 1759:neuropathy 1747:infections 1656:vulvodynia 1628:cevimeline 1579:Treatments 1557:tear ducts 1498:Prevention 1466:Exclusions 1411:Ultrasound 1401:microscope 1384:Lip biopsy 1292:(ANA) and 1229:dimorphism 1188:Fas ligand 1139:chemokines 1098:initiation 1038:epigenetic 1015:B8, DRw52, 891:antagonist 655:antibodies 560:autoimmune 534:congenital 492:, swollen 451:, and dry 238:Middle age 188:Immunology 73:microscope 10050:Syndromes 9765:Sialocele 9748:Parotitis 9489:Open bite 9484:Crossbite 9262:Cherubism 9232:maxillary 9065:Cementoma 8996:Attrition 8812:Impaction 8780:Fluorosis 8689:Anodontia 8684:Ankylosis 8572:Pemphigus 8192:Glossitis 8087:Cleft lip 8065:Cheilitis 7626:Cytotoxic 7376:fibrillin 7178:Systemic 7113:emerg/537 7105:eMedicine 6168:(1): 16. 5752:: 48–54. 5483:253172246 5467:1094-7159 4909:257370253 4787:: 47–51. 4766:211265587 4732:(1): 38. 4635:249622808 2749:: 40–48. 2655:0820-3946 2214:rituximab 2189:inversely 2177:vitamin D 2173:vitamin A 2124:Caucasian 2044:Jönköping 2038:In 1930, 1916:Mortality 1875:oncogenic 1836:Prognosis 1771:belimumab 1767:rituximab 1731:hair loss 1727:dizziness 1662:(painful 1640:jaborandi 1585:secretion 1569:ibuprofen 1534:Treatment 1507:lifestyle 1448:sudomotor 1425:sialogram 1397:clustered 1374:test tube 1243:Diagnosis 1180:apoptosis 1135:migration 1074:exogenous 909:-induced 882:(CSF) of 803:apoptosis 779:molecules 729:Androgens 641:(SLE) or 627:bacterium 564:rheumatic 543:. Type I 541:pacemaker 498:dysphonia 478:remission 437:dry mouth 398:dry mouth 365:dry mouth 346:long-term 320:Frequency 308:Prognosis 296:Treatment 246:Long term 212:Dry mouth 183:Specialty 75:of focal 9775:Sialosis 9726:Lymphoma 9598:Mucocele 9494:Overbite 9247:Agnathia 9208:Teething 9033:alveolus 9029:cementum 8981:Abrasion 8957:Occlusal 8942:Avulsion 8907:Pulpitis 8851:Odontoma 8597:Herpetic 8587:Aphthous 8097:Eclabium 7915:multiple 7913:Unknown/ 7715:Type III 7679:receptor 7528:Tree nut 7231:Myositis 7119:ped/2811 7116:derm/846 7110:med/2136 6955:28957550 6819:Archived 6817:. 2011. 6815:NY Times 6797:Archived 6767:Archived 6749:Archived 6731:17992596 6679:22349278 6641:13763999 6633:27294212 6582:23719365 6533:22424197 6489:22001416 6454:22289719 6402:20693261 6343:12580734 6335:17657625 6287:12169882 6246:42392790 6238:18189192 6194:28507729 6143:17631733 6115:16332955 6074:21777618 6036:19903539 5998:33878179 5963:26412810 5912:28546741 5861:30770918 5816:19553376 5766:28428095 5731:75620379 5695:15837810 5646:10765938 5605:19070113 5597:17992593 5562:17119030 5518:18068857 5475:37032583 5425:27664129 5374:26058596 5339:21260961 5331:11469515 5223:17308315 5182:26333122 5174:17613926 5125:52287975 5117:30226016 5067:30247738 5031:58646701 5023:30636091 4974:36072437 4901:36893528 4848:25433039 4758:32093745 4684:33389133 4627:35692181 4556:35359932 4505:16426363 4497:16039337 4420:33718591 4412:10415627 4368:22695186 4333:23941507 4325:15485092 4290:11204278 4249:39543376 4241:12472667 4200:18050195 4118:12524386 4083:23375849 4044:39754064 4001:11469461 3925:84998601 3827:43828817 3819:19560535 3763:11526384 3725:15819815 3671:20683439 3617:58656692 3609:30572138 3566:12794264 3494:25622919 3445:34381453 3394:25808075 3359:19519924 3305:23681421 3256:24533103 3248:26303674 3211:14 April 3152:15479901 3078:10990175 3007:26161156 2921:22904103 2913:27390310 2871:35257256 2822:35594474 2773:32569739 2724:27347394 2698:: 1412. 2673:24566651 2608:Archived 2570:26412810 2485:Archived 2442:Archived 2394:27383445 2326:Elsevier 2282:lymphoma 2185:lymphoma 2074:Research 2032:lymphoma 1980:Overview 1878:mutation 1797:cavities 1753:Systemic 1739:headache 1717:such as 1705:such as 1701:. 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