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288:, "Situla art depicts life as seen from a masculine viewpoint, in which women are servants or sex objects; most of the scenes which include humans are of the feasts in which the situlae themselves figure, of the hunt or of war". Similar scenes are found on other vessel shapes, as well as bronze belt-plaques. The processions of animals, typical of earlier examples, or humans derive from the Near East and Mediterranean, and Nancy Sandars finds the style shows "a
392:
822:
552:
136:
884:
In the stylistic development during the Metal Ages, two phenomena are of particular interest. The first is the development of the sun-bird-ship motif of the
Urnfield Culture. The origin of this motif, which featured bird-headed ships embellished with solar disks, is not known, but over a short period
271:
Later
Etruscan and then Roman styles favoured a simple shape curving from the base, becoming vertical at the top, with a wide mouth and no shoulder, but sometimes a projecting rim. These had a variety of uses, including for washing and bathing. Any decoration was often concentrated on the upper part
240:
a ceramic import from Egypt from an
Etruscan burial. The Este and Hallstatt examples are later, with the Slovenian production reaching a peak in quality in the 5th century, up to about 400 BC, well after the Hallstatt period had ended over much of its area. Some were found containing cremated ashes,
657:
court: an inscription says that
Archbishop Gotfredus presented the Milan example in anticipation of a visit by the Emperor, also referred to in the London example which was possibly from the same workshop. The latest and most lavish is the Aachen example, which is studded with jewels and shows an
885:
about 1400 BCE it became common both as incised decoration and as plastic art throughout a vast area of eastern and central Europe. The similarity in execution and composition is remarkable and suggests a shared understanding of its meaning and the intensity of contact between distant areas.
292:
that betrays the artist working in a way that is uncongenial, too much at variance with the temper of the craftsmen and the craft". Compared to earlier styles that arose organically in Europe "situla art is weak and sometimes quaint", and "in essence not of Europe".
220:
found in France. They are often decorated, in the most elaborate examples with several bands of figures running round the vessel. They may or may not have handles, and sometimes have lids. Many are made of several sheets held together with
296:
Except for the
Benvenuti Situla, men are hairless, with "funny hats, dumpy bodies and big heads", though often shown looking cheerful in an engaging way. The Benevenuti Situla is also unusual in that it seems to show a specific story.
211:
is a
Slovenian example. These usually have sides sloping outwards, then a sharp turn in at the shoulder, and outside Etruria often a short narrower neck. The shape has similarities with the narrower spouted Etruscan shape of
732:
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123:. Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern shapes tend to have a pointed bottom, so that they must rest on a stand or on their side. The practical wider shape is a European invention, first seen in the
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The
Etruscan examples are most characteristic in the 7th century BC, though continuing well afterwards. They are in various materials, from pottery to bronze, and sometimes silver. The
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574:), of a rather different shape, with a rounded bottom, and sometimes lidded. This rounded shape, often with a "nipple" at the bottom (see Luristan example in
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Situla art was an important means of transition of Greek-derived motifs from the
Etruscans through the regions to the north to the emerging
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which dominated central Europe and parts of southern Europe in the Late Bronze Age. They frequently incorporated schematic depictions of
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showing remorse and throwing the thirty silver coins on the floor of the Temple), the "Situla of
Gotofredo" of c. 980 in
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Situla is also the term for types of bucket-shaped
Ancient Greek vases, some very finely painted. More utilitarian
391:
1309:
84:
in burials from the northern part of the Etruscan regions, from which the style spread north to some cultures in
868:
49:
or pail, is the term in archaeology and art history for a variety of elaborate bucket-shaped vessels from the
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1198:
1057:
1693:
630:
1708:
1302:
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was dipped in the situla to collect water with which to sprinkle the congregation or other objects.
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57:, usually with a handle at the top. All types may be highly decorated, most characteristically with
28:
1093:
936:[Novo mesto Richer for Another Painted Situla] (in Slovenian). Lokalno.si. 6 February 2006
207:
of Central and Southeast Europe. Here they have a distinctive style, often without a handle; the
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All except the New York situla are illustrated and discussed in Beckwith, pp.129-130, 135-136
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The term may also be used for similar vessels from other cultures, especially the ancient
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Numerous Hallstatt situlae were found in Slovenia, mainly (19 of them) in the area of
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The term is also used for pails carried by figures in other art forms; according to
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Die Entstehung der Situlenkunst: Studien zur figĂĽrlich verzierten Toreutik von Este
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enthroned Emperor, surrounded by a pope and archbishops. This was probably made in
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869:"History of Europe: The People of the Metal Ages – Rituals, religion and art"
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Clearer reproduction of the Etruscan bronze situla at the top of the page.
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956:"Application for the Title of the European Capital of Culture 2012"
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1234:, Penguin (Pelican, now Yale, History of Art), 1968 (nb 1st edn.)
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on two levels (it contains one of the very few depictions of
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Roman silver situla with lady (or Venus) bathing, 190-210 AD
135:
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571:
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252:, which has been named the "City of Situlae" due to this.
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but they were essentially luxury vessels used at feasts.
216:
that was also copied to the north, as in the 5th-century
1165:
Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque
578:, below), is believed to have represented the female
1225:
Celtic Art: From Its Beginnings to the Book of Kells
1287:Kastelic, Joze, and Karl Kromer, Guido Mansuelli.
566:and other sources this was a sign of a devotee of
934:"Novo mesto bogatejše še za eno poslikano situlo"
765:, 9th century BC; note the "nipple" at the bottom
490:Roman bronze situla from Germany, 2nd-3rd century
139:Urnfield culture, bronze situla with bird-headed
1665:
1289:Situla Art: Ceremonial Bronzes of Ancient Europe
777:Egyptian, 305-30 BC, Ptolemaic Dynasty, bronze
625:examples from the 10th century are known: the
1310:
653:in New York. All came from the milieu of the
558:carrying situla, Roman statue, 2nd century BC
855:Institute for the Study of the Ancient World
416:Bronze vases & situlae, Eastern zone of
325:Etruscan with geometric ornament, 700-550 BC
264:are a 5th-century BC extension into modern
1317:
1303:
1227:, 1989 (2001 2nd edn), Thames & Hudson
92:, and adjacent areas, where terms such as
1210:, Yale University Press, 1995 (2nd edn.)
1167:, Thames & Hudson, 1964 (rev. 1969),
232:is an unusual luxury Etruscan example in
582:. These were also donated to temples as
550:
134:
27:Etruscan situla, 600–550 BC, tomb 68 at
22:
1666:
1179:Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology
1150:Metropolitan, Vietnamese bronze situla
714:Bronze bath buckets are also found in
163:, known as the 'sun-bird-ship' motif.
1324:
1298:
1131:Though Lasko, 92 disagrees with this.
961:. City Municipality of Maribor. 2008.
466:Late Etruscan, 3rd century BC, bronze
151:Bronze situlae were a feature of the
589:
546:
284:further west. According to Ruth and
130:
107:situlae are also found, and some in
718:, such as the 12th century Persian
13:
1264:
693:ivory situla with scenes from the
438:II A, turn of the 7/6th century BC
166:
14:
1720:
702:
529:) pottery situla vase, 340-320 BC
478:Late Etruscan, c. 300 BC, pottery
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635:scenes from the life of Christ
369:Etruscan, with silver mounts,
203:, and the eastern zone of the
1:
1689:Archaeological artefact types
823:MFA Boston, Attic vase situla
805:
275:
80:are a distinctive feature of
1241:, JHU Press, 1997 (2nd ed),
810:
796:, 14th century. Bronze with
674:The Basilewsky Situla, 920,
631:Victoria & Albert Museum
575:
7:
1112:Metropolitan Museum example
10:
1725:
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651:Metropolitan Museum of Art
598:situlae, sometimes called
454:, Slovenia, 5th century BC
69:running round the vessel.
15:
1635:
1584:
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1493:Perfume, oil, and wedding
1492:
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1434:
1408:
1332:
1239:Isis in the ancient world
1232:Prehistoric Art in Europe
649:Treasury, and one in the
633:, decorated with twelve
1237:Witt, Reginald Eldred.
1221:Megaw, Ruth and Vincent
1070:"image of Milan situla"
711:and China and Vietnam.
586:offerings by devotees.
506:situla, c. 340–320 BC,
18:Situla (disambiguation)
1554:Funerary and religious
1094:Image of Aachen situla
974:Cite journal requires
559:
148:
31:
29:the Certosa necropolis
1291:, NY McGraw-Hill 1965
1272:The Basilewsky Situla
1177:Kipfer, Barbara Ann.
629:Situla of 920 in the
610:objects used to hold
554:
179:, as in the types of
138:
26:
1019:Sandars, 225, quoted
254:Japodian burial urns
16:For other uses, see
1280:Frey, Otto-Herman.
1230:Sandars, Nancy K.,
1208:Ars Sacra, 800-1200
741:situla with erased
621:Four richly carved
309:Bronze situla from
230:Situla of the Pania
199:) and neighbouring
125:European Bronze Age
1694:Ivory works of art
1181:, Springer, 2000,
1099:2011-07-22 at the
1056:Basilewsky Situla
1044:2012-02-26 at the
828:2007-02-24 at the
606:), were Christian
560:
353:Etruscan, silver,
339:Situla della Pania
218:Basse Yutz Flagons
149:
32:
1709:Golasecca culture
1661:
1660:
1326:Greek vase shapes
1255:978-0-8018-5642-6
1195:978-0-306-46158-3
590:Christian situlae
556:Priestess of Isis
547:Attribute of Isis
436:Golasecca culture
418:Hallstatt culture
341:", 7th century BC
205:Hallstatt culture
201:Golasecca culture
183:vessels found as
131:Bronze Age Europe
121:St Mark's, Venice
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1270:Beckwith, John.
1163:Beckwith, John.
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1072:. Archived from
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724:Hermitage Museum
720:Bobrinsky Bucket
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189:Etruscan graves
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159:with bird head
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238:Bocchoris vase
195:(example, the
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94:situla culture
86:Northern Italy
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748:
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734:
729:
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697:c. 860-880 AD
696:
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665:
664:
663:
661:
656:
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645:, one in the
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286:Vincent Megaw
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147:, c. 1000 BC.
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101:
100:may be used.
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52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
19:
1704:Este culture
1699:Ottonian art
1643:Band skyphos
1621:
1571:Loutrophoros
1525:Loutrophoros
1333:Wine vessels
1288:
1281:
1271:
1259:Google books
1238:
1231:
1224:
1207:
1204:Lasko, Peter
1199:Google books
1178:
1164:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1107:
1089:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:the original
1064:
1052:
1033:
1028:Sandars, 224
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
967:cite journal
950:
938:. Retrieved
928:
923:Sandars, 224
919:
914:Megaw, 34-39
910:
905:Sandars, 223
901:
896:Megaw, 34-39
892:
883:
876:. Retrieved
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
818:
761:Situla from
713:
706:
662:about 1000.
620:
603:
599:
593:
561:
402:Este culture
313:, 800-750 BC
295:
289:
279:
270:
256:made by the
243:
227:
193:Este culture
175:situlae are
170:
150:
102:
97:
93:
82:Etruscan art
71:
41:), from the
38:
34:
33:
1545:Stirrup jar
1122:Lasko, 92-3
1039:Isis situla
940:15 December
840:Kipfer, 518
716:Islamic art
709:Middle East
616:aspergillum
604:aspersorium
602:(singular:
452:VaÄŤe situla
404:, c. 600 BC
357:, c. 650 BC
209:VaÄŤe situla
185:grave goods
157:solar boats
76:situlae in
55:Middle Ages
1684:Containers
1674:Bronzeware
1668:Categories
1500:Alabastron
1355:Karkhesion
1080:2010-01-21
878:8 November
806:References
678:, in ivory
627:Basilewsky
612:holy water
608:liturgical
600:aspersoria
594:Elaborate
422:Kleinklein
337:Etruscan "
276:Situla art
246:Novo Mesto
236:, and the
115:ones from
98:situla art
72:Decorated
51:Bronze Age
1648:Epinetron
1505:Aryballos
1477:Tableware
1350:Kantharos
1037:Witt, 55.
1001:Megaw, 37
811:Citations
747:Akhenaten
743:cartouche
373:c. 650 BC
371:Cerveteri
311:Hallstatt
290:gaucherie
262:Illyrians
260:tribe of
45:word for
1679:Iron Age
1597:Calathus
1566:Lekythos
1520:Lekythos
1484:Pinakion
1456:Cookware
1421:Hydriske
1380:Oenochoe
1274:, 1963,
1097:Archived
1042:Archived
851:"Situla"
826:Archived
794:Alhambra
763:Luristan
691:Ottonian
676:Ottonian
655:Ottonian
564:Plutarch
512:Bulgaria
504:stamnoid
181:libation
173:Iron Age
171:Typical
161:protomes
141:sun ship
90:Slovenia
74:Iron Age
37:(plural
1653:Luchnos
1627:Stamnos
1592:Amphora
1585:Storage
1400:Skyphos
1390:Psykter
1370:Lakaina
1360:Kyathos
1340:Amphora
1284:, 1969.
1158:Sources
857:. 2022.
722:in the
527:Apulian
502:Bronze
258:Japodes
145:Hungary
143:motif,
105:pottery
67:friezes
59:reliefs
53:to the
39:situlae
1622:Situla
1617:Pithos
1612:Pelike
1576:Phiale
1561:Kernos
1535:Pelike
1530:Lydion
1447:Krater
1426:Kalpis
1416:Hydria
1395:Rhyton
1385:Pelike
1375:Mastos
1345:Kotyle
1253:
1245:
1214:
1193:
1185:
1171:
798:niello
790:Nasrid
584:votive
580:breast
355:Chiusi
266:Bosnia
223:rivets
214:flagon
191:, the
177:bronze
109:silver
78:bronze
47:bucket
35:Situla
1636:Other
1607:Lebes
1602:Chuta
1540:Pyxis
1510:Askos
1468:Lebes
1463:Chuta
1442:Dinos
1365:Kylix
959:(PDF)
660:Trier
623:ivory
508:Sofia
234:ivory
113:glass
63:bands
43:Latin
1276:HMSO
1251:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1183:ISBN
1169:ISBN
980:help
942:2010
880:2022
572:Nile
568:Isis
450:The
96:and
745:of
420:D,
248:in
187:in
119:in
65:or
61:in
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1249:,
1223:,
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1189:,
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969:}}
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978:(
944:.
800:.
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