2356:
531:
353:
933:
805:, "matters went from bad to worse" for Sigtrygg after the death of Máel Sechnaill in 1022. The great Irish princes began to compete for the High Kingship, and the political situation in Ireland became chaotic as there was no clear choice for supremacy. Accordingly, "Dublin became a prize for those who would rule Ireland and wanted the town's wealth to finance their ambitions."
511:. Both tribes refused to help him. As Sigtrygg could find no refuge in Ireland, he eventually returned, submitted to Brian, gave hostages and was restored to Dublin three months after Brian ended his occupation in February. In the meantime, Sigtrygg may have temporarily "turned pirate" and been responsible for a raid on
708:, where he also persuaded Bróðir to be in Dublin by Palm Sunday, where he promised Bróðir too that, if successful, he would be allowed to marry Gormflaith and become King of Ireland; the terms of this agreement were kept-secret. Óspak was dissatisfied with the arrangement, and refused to "fight against so good a king".
1012:
in Dublin, which today is the oldest building in Dublin, but relatively young in comparison to the many monastic cathedrals in the rest of
Ireland. Like many of the other coastal cathedrals in Ireland, it is of Hiberno-Norse origin. The cathedral, initially a wooden building, was rebuilt in stone in
644:
Sometime during the 1010s, Brian Boru divorced Queen
Gormflaith, and she began to engineer opposition to the High King. Around 1012, relations between Brian and Leinster had become so strained that revolt broke out among the Leinstermen. Sigtrygg aligned himself with the forces of Máel Mórda, leader
545:
Dublin enjoyed a sustained period of peace while
Sigtrygg's men served in the armies of Brian. Sigtrygg never forgot the Ulaid's refusal of aid when he fled from Dublin and, in 1002, he had his revenge when his soldiers served in Brian's campaign against the Ulaid and ravaged their lands. His fleet
339:
of one of
Sigtrygg's sons, late in his reign, in which "seven score British horse" were mentioned in the list of demands, suggests that Dublin was one of the main ports for importing horses into 11th-century Ireland; it is thought that Sigtrygg and his family may have been personally involved in
770:
Immediately after
Clontarf, Sigtrygg's fortunes appear to have declined, even though he emerged with his kingdom intact. Máel Sechnaill, now again recognised as high king, was undoubtedly the battle's main beneficiary. In 1015, plague struck Dublin and Leinster, and Máel Sechnaill seized the
581:
while visiting
Sigtrygg's court. The verses praise Sigtrygg for his royal ancestry, and describe Dublin as a busy, thriving port. Archaeological excavations of ships, gold, clothing, and pieces for games from around this time seem to confirm the description. According to the prose, Sigtrygg
597:
809:
832:
of
Munster in 1025 and 1026 respectively, in support of their bids for the high kingship. These hostages brought no security, and Dublin was raided in 1026 by Niall mac Eocada of the Ulaid in revenge for the naval attack of 1022. Sigtrygg formed a new alliance with the men of
1004:, in Dublin. He established a bishopric at Dublin and in 1028 he made a pilgrimage to Rome. It is thus possible to attribute the origins of the establishment of territorial bishoprics in Ireland on the Roman model, one of the most important results of 11th-century Irish
978:
Separately from Sláine, Sigtrygg had five children: Artalach (d. 999), Oleif (d. 1013), Godfrey (d. 1036), Glúniairn (d. 1031) and
Cellach (d. 1042). The annals record the death of Oleif—"son of the lord of the foreigners"—who was killed in revenge for the burning of
869:" were to be paid to the man who entreated for Olaf's release. The incident illustrates the importance of ransoming noble captives, as a means of political manipulation, increasing one's own revenues and exhausting the resources of one's foes.
771:
opportunity to march south to burn Dublin's suburbs. While
Sigtrygg was able to ally with Leinster for another attack on Meath in 1017, the alliance was dissolved when Sigtrygg blinded his cousin Bróen, Máel Morda's son and heir, in Dublin.
399:. Ivar may have already ruled there from 989 until forced-out by Sigtrygg in 993; much depends on interpretation. Nevertheless, Sigtrygg was back within a year. In 995, he and his nephew, Muirchertach Ua Congalaich, attacked the church at
856:
In 1029, Sigtrygg's son Olaf was taken prisoner by the new lord of Brega, Mathghamhain Ua
Riagain. Sigtrygg was forced to pay a ransom of 1,200 cows, 140 British horses, 60 ounces of gold and of silver, "the sword of Carlus", the Irish
209:. His family also conducted a double-marriage alliance with Boru, although he later realigned himself with the main leaders of the Leinster revolt of 1012–1014. He has a prominent role in the 12th-century Irish medieval text
328:, was "the fairest of all women, and best gifted in everything that was not in her own power, but it was the talk of men that she did all things ill over which she had any power". Sigtrygg's paternal half-brother was
696:
and what had happened since. Afterwards, Sigtrygg bade Sigurd to go to war with him against Brian. Despite Sigurd's initial hesitance, and against the advice of his men, he eventually agreed to arrive in Dublin by
683:
for Sigurd's Yule feast, where he sat in a high seat between the two brothers-in-law, Earl Sigurd of Orkney and Earl Gilli of the Southern Isles. The saga also records that Sigtrygg was very interested in the
908:
in Meath, burned 200 men inside, and carried another 200 off into captivity. In revenge, the church at Swords was plundered and burned by Conchobhar Ua Maeleachlainn, who took away cattle and captives.
723:
on the Munster side; and Máel Mórda, Sigurd and Bróðir on the Leinster-Norse side. According to Irish sources, Sigtrygg did not take part in the battle, but held his garrison in reserve in Dublin. The
727:
records that Sigtrygg was able to observe the progress of the battle and the movement of the battle standards from the ramparts of his fortress. As the modern Irish medievalist historian
2194:
987:
in 1031. Godfrey was killed in Wales in 1036 by one Sitric, "son of Glúniairn"—as factionalism was common among Viking settlers, this could have been the same
1833:
897:
782:". These captives would either have been ransomed or sold off into Dublin's lucrative slave trade. When Sigtrygg raided south in 1021, he was defeated at
388:. The presence of a powerful Viking leader in Dublin was a deterrent to Irish raids, and Tryggvason may have weakened Sigtrygg's foes by plundering them.
384:, who took up residence in Dublin for a few years after marrying Sigtrygg's sister Gytha. Tryggvason had met Gytha while raiding along the coasts of the
496:
date Brian's capture of the city to 1 January 1000. In any case, in 1000, Brian plundered the city, burned the Norse fortress, and expelled Sigtrygg.
275:. Although Dublin underwent several reversals-of-fortune throughout his reign, on the whole, trade in the city flourished. He died at age 72 in 1042.
865:, "four hostages to Ua Riagain as a security for peace, and the full value of the life of the third hostage". An additional 80 cows "for word and
554:, taking many prisoners from both. They served under Brian against the Ulaid again in 1005, and against the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill in 1006 and 1007.
460:, allied themselves with the Norse of Dublin and revolted against Brian Boru. This provided the opportunity for Sigtrygg's second alliance with
991:
as Sigtrygg's half-brother, thus making Godfrey and his killer cousins. Sigtrygg's daughter Cellach died in the same month as her father.
841:
joined Donnchad of Brega in a raid on Staholmock, County Meath. Sigtrygg and Donnchad's army was defeated by the men of Meath under their
522:, Brian's daughter by his first wife; Brian, in-turn, took Sigtrygg's mother, the now three-times-married Gormflaith, as his second wife.
324:—the first of her three husbands. She was a beautiful, powerful and intriguing Irish woman, who, according to the 13th-century Icelandic
228:
Sigtrygg's long reign spanned 46 years, until his abdication in 1036. During that period, his armies saw action in four of the five
2263:
762:
records that Sigtrygg was on the wing opposite Ă“spak of Man for the whole battle, and that Ă“spak eventually put the king to flight.
558:, the last of the Northern UĂ NĂ©ill Kingdoms, submitted in 1011, and Brian was formally recognised as High King throughout Ireland.
430:
did not provide sufficient resources for competition against powerful Irish princes. Sigtrygg first allied with his maternal uncle,
1696:
996:
1018:
888:, and for the following years Sigtrygg was at the height of his power. In 1032, without allies, Sigtrygg won a victory on the
2178:
2153:
2088:
1000:, "a patron of the arts, a benefactor of the church, and an economic innovator". In the 990s, he established Ireland's first
364:
Sigtrygg may have succeeded his paternal half-brother GlĂşniairn as king of Dublin in 989, but it is just as likely his rival
17:
2640:
2635:
984:
916:, in Dublin. Ragnall was the grandson of the Ivar, Sigtrygg's earliest rival, who had contested for Dublin decades before.
892:
of a type previously unseen by his dynasty for two decades, against a coalition of three kingdoms: over 300 members of the
419:
in 997. In 998, Máel Sechnaill and the King of Munster, Brian Boru, forced Sigtrygg to recognise their lordship by giving
2355:
2459:
508:
2524:
701:
with all his men, on the condition that if Brian was slain, Sigurd would marry Gormflaith and become King of Ireland.
2114:
1030:
555:
426:
Sigtrygg realised that Dublin's wealth made him a target, and that his city needed powerful allies and walls. The
1009:
936:
297:
268:
321:
2449:
2256:
904:
were captured or killed at the Battle of Inbher Boinne. In 1035, he plundered the celebrated stone church of
685:
790:
where the new King of Leinster, Augaire mac DĂşnlainge, "made a dreadful slaughter of the foreigners" in the
2474:
794:. In 1022, the Dublin fleet sailed north against the Ulaid, only to be destroyed in a naval battle against
461:
431:
372:
record little information about Sigtrygg, his family or Dublin during these first five years of his reign.
309:
2620:
671:, Gormflaith "egged on her son Sigtrygg very much to kill King Brian", sending him to win the support of
2011:
1970:
1938:
1906:
1869:
1789:
1701:
1655:
1402:
1215:
1141:
1014:
435:
434:, King of the Uà Fáeláin of north Leinster. In 999, they defeated their cousin, the King of Leinster,
211:
2534:
147:
825:
646:
2249:
2124:
728:
563:
301:
202:
582:
considered rewarding the poet with ships and gold, but instead granted him a new suit of clothes.
2544:
2469:
2439:
2429:
2233:
2080:
2016:
1975:
1943:
1911:
1874:
1794:
1706:
1660:
1407:
1332:
1220:
1146:
917:
719:
in 1014, a battle that claimed the lives of the main commanders on both sides: Brian and his son
676:
561:
A remembrance of Sigtrygg's reign during these years is preserved in the late medieval Icelandic
72:
2388:
750:, composed soon after the battle) contend that he did actually fight valiantly at Clontarf. The
2630:
2479:
778:; he "carried off innumerable spoils and prisoners, and slew many persons in the middle of the
689:
2529:
2519:
2496:
2323:
948:
656:
Sigtrygg sent his son Oleif to lead a fleet south to Munster to burn the Viking settlement of
519:
115:
2454:
416:
2575:
952:
838:
2625:
2615:
2610:
2559:
2464:
2444:
2170:
924:
forced Sigtrygg to abdicate in 1036. Sigtrygg died in exile, at an unknown place, in 1042.
893:
720:
492:
317:
229:
2539:
2328:
2312:
1611:
1532:
1492:
1180:
901:
746:
8:
2580:
2570:
2549:
2393:
2145:
2076:
Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic
1322:
829:
775:
578:
412:
232:
of the time. In particular, he conducted a long series of raids into territories such as
2378:
2398:
2345:
2306:
2132:
972:
791:
712:
693:
626:
591:
477:
465:
464:. Brian's forces inflicted a crushing defeat on the united Leinster-Dublin army at the
447:
293:
222:
137:
2565:
2554:
2434:
2059:
Etchingham, Colmán, "North Wales, Ireland and the Isles: the Insular Viking zone", in
2006:
1965:
1933:
1901:
1864:
1784:
1710:
1650:
1397:
1210:
1136:
2490:
2408:
2383:
2295:
2272:
2217:
2174:
2149:
2110:
2084:
1040:
1035:
968:
921:
913:
795:
661:
636:
481:
396:
365:
186:
62:
1831:
Hudson, Benjamin T. "Sihtric (Sigtryggr Óláfsson, Sigtryggr Silkiskegg) (d. 1042)".
2103:
1838:
1327:
1005:
912:
Meanwhile, in a renewal of ancient feuds that same year, Sigtrygg executed Ragnall
873:
672:
649:, and others. Together, they defeated Brian's ally Máel Sechnaill near the town of
486:
395:
in 994 coincided with the temporary expulsion of Sigtrygg from Dublin by his rival
341:
305:
2286:
1850:
468:, and followed the victory with an attack on the city of Dublin. The 12th-century
2513:
2225:
2164:
2098:
2074:
2070:
1606:
1527:
1487:
1175:
802:
754:, showing the persistence of paganism among the Vikings of Dublin, describes the
736:
457:
381:
373:
183:
40:
2373:
845:, Roen Ua Mael Sechlainn. Sigtrygg rallied to the fight again at Lickblaw (near
2333:
1842:
877:
834:
787:
779:
650:
530:
452:
Late in 999, the Leinstermen, historically hostile to domination by either the
377:
357:
352:
237:
2604:
2485:
846:
842:
453:
427:
400:
313:
194:
127:
2339:
217:
960:
866:
817:
404:
369:
233:
2403:
2212:
988:
731:
notes, Sigtrygg "wisely kept within the city and lived to tell the tale".
329:
58:
1001:
980:
889:
862:
716:
705:
698:
657:
609:
249:
179:
944:
905:
813:
551:
534:
260:
206:
190:
850:
617:
605:
512:
473:
407:. In retaliation, Máel Sechnaill entered Dublin and took the ring of
385:
253:
872:
Sigtrygg's fortunes improved in the 1030s. In 1030, he allied with
472:
gives two accounts of the occupation: Brian remained in Dublin from
189:(possibly AD 989–994; restored or began 995–1000; restored 1000 and
967:. Olaf was survived by a daughter, Ragnhild, who was the mother of
755:
613:
547:
289:
198:
2318:
2241:
2061:
932:
885:
858:
783:
664:, crippling Brian's naval power, which was concentrated in Cork.
621:
596:
420:
122:
2291:
2301:
680:
503:, Sigtrygg's flight from the city took him north, first to the
392:
336:
272:
241:
201:
revolt of 999–1000, after which he was forced to submit to the
105:
93:
881:
808:
798:, after which the Norse crews and ships were taken prisoner.
573:
504:
245:
653:, and Brian for the moment was unable to render assistance.
585:
332:, or "Iron-knee", who ruled as King of Dublin from 980-989.
964:
441:
408:
264:
490:
date the Battle of Glenmama to 30 December 999, while the
308:, Murchad mac Finn, and the sister of his successor, King
2105:
The Story of the Irish Race: A Popular History of Ireland
248:. He also battled with rival Norse kings, especially in
376:
claims this was because of the arrival of the future
2169:. Illustrated by Osawa, Mai (Illustrated ed.).
758:
as following the "young king" Sigtrygg into battle.
312:
of Leinster. She had previously been married to the
2102:
267:in 1028 and is associated with the foundation of
2602:
801:According to the American medievalist historian
411:and the sword of Carlus. Sigtrygg then attacked
1896:
1894:
1892:
1779:
1777:
2031:
1513:
1511:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
828:, King of Cenél nEógain and the Uà Néill, and
567:. Only fragments survive of the verses in the
2257:
1562:
1560:
1454:
1452:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1999:
1958:
1889:
1857:
1837:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1583:
1581:
1488:"Chapter 154 – Gunnar Lambi's son's slaying"
1390:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
525:
2007:"Part 14 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1966:"Part 13 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1934:"Part 11 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1902:"Part 14 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1865:"Part 13 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1785:"Part 13 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1697:"Part 12 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1651:"Part 12 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1508:
1461:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1398:"Part 10 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1211:"Part 13 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1196:
1137:"Part 13 of the Annals of the Four Masters"
1129:
2264:
2250:
1557:
1449:
1323:"Entry for AD 999 of the Annals of Ulster"
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1085:
812:The medieval tower of the stone church of
391:Hudson argues that Tryggvason's return to
197:dynasty. He was caught up in the abortive
2123:
1750:
1725:
1675:
1627:
1590:
1578:
1315:
1053:
645:of the revolt, and the chiefs Ua Ruairc,
586:Second Leinster revolt against Brian Boru
480:(6 January), or from Christmas Day until
2142:Medieval Ireland: The Enduring Tradition
2097:
1926:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1422:
1370:
1356:
1281:
1272:
1258:
1235:
1078:
1076:
1074:
983:. GlĂşniairn was killed by the people of
931:
807:
595:
529:
442:First Leinster revolt against Brian Boru
351:
2139:
2079:(Illustrated ed.). United States:
1834:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1109:
1015:arrival of the Anglo-Normans to Ireland
997:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
820:, in which Sigtrygg burned over 200 men
765:
14:
2603:
2069:
1019:Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
853:) where Donnchad and Roen were slain.
2245:
1599:
1520:
1475:
1071:
884:. A Dublin colony was established in
824:Hostages were taken from Sigtrygg by
356:A posthumous "Sihtric" coin from the
2162:
2109:. Ireland: The Irish Publishing Co.
1809:
1528:"Chapter 155 – Of signs and wonders"
1161:
994:Sigtrygg was also, according to the
368:came to power in the city then. The
304:. Gormlaith was the daughter of the
292:and Irish ancestry. He was a son of
2271:
1008:, to Sigtrygg. He went on to found
927:
880:, and together their fleets raided
518:Aournd this time, Sigtrygg married
24:
2354:
1830:
734:Earlier Scandinavian sources (the
679:at any price. Sigtrygg arrived in
221:, as the main Norse leader at the
25:
2652:
2188:
2144:(Revised, illustrated ed.).
564:Saga of Gunnlaug Serpent's Tongue
347:
2460:Gofraid mac AmlaĂb meic Ragnaill
1176:"Chapter 153 – Kari goes abroad"
963:" on his way on a pilgrimage to
546:raided Ulster, and he plundered
541:), plundered by Sigtrygg in 1002
438:, and imprisoned him in Dublin.
244:, and perhaps even the coast of
2166:I Never Knew that About Ireland
2040:
1990:
1741:
1569:
1548:
1440:
1347:
639:, under the control of Sigtrygg
215:and the 13th-century Icelandic
1607:"Chapter 156 – Brian's battle"
1249:
156:Sigtrygg II Silkbeard Olafsson
13:
1:
2359:Sigtrygg Silkbeard (989–1029)
2053:
1709:. p. 799. Archived from
1031:History of Ireland (800–1169)
86:
1851:UK public library membership
1046:
955:(d. 1034). According to the
939:, founded by Sigtrygg c.1028
774:In 1018, Sigtrygg plundered
629:, under the control of Boru)
27:Hiberno-Norse King of Dublin
7:
2641:11th-century Irish monarchs
2636:10th-century Irish monarchs
1024:
10:
2657:
2163:Winn, Christopher (2007).
2129:Ireland Before the Normans
2012:Annals of the Four Masters
1971:Annals of the Four Masters
1939:Annals of the Four Masters
1907:Annals of the Four Masters
1870:Annals of the Four Masters
1790:Annals of the Four Masters
1702:Annals of the Four Masters
1656:Annals of the Four Masters
1403:Annals of the Four Masters
1216:Annals of the Four Masters
1142:Annals of the Four Masters
957:Annals of the Four Masters
837:. In 1027, Sigtrygg's son
725:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh
711:The two forces met at the
660:. The fleet also attacked
589:
501:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh
470:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh
445:
360:, minted at Dublin c. 1050
335:An incident involving the
212:Cogadh Gaedhil re Gallaibh
2589:
2535:Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair
2506:
2422:
2366:
2352:
2279:
2230:
2223:
2209:
2204:
2140:Richter, Michael (2005).
959:, Olaf "was slain by the
526:Years between the revolts
283:
148:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
143:
133:
121:
111:
99:
82:
78:
68:
54:
46:
39:
34:
2591:^ Disputed * Speculative
2450:Diarmait mac Máel na mBó
1013:the 1180s following the
951:, and they had one son:
484:(1 February). The later
302:Gormlaith ingen Murchada
2545:Conchobar Ua Conchobair
2234:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill
2081:Oxford University Press
2017:University College Cork
1976:University College Cork
1944:University College Cork
1912:University College Cork
1875:University College Cork
1795:University College Cork
1707:University College Cork
1661:University College Cork
1408:University College Cork
1333:University College Cork
1221:University College Cork
1147:University College Cork
1010:Christ Church Cathedral
937:Christ Church Cathedral
918:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill
677:Bróðir and Óspak of Man
462:Máel Mórda mac Murchada
432:Máel Mórda mac Murchada
278:
269:Christ Church Cathedral
73:Echmarcach mac Ragnaill
2360:
1843:10.1093/ref:odnb/25545
940:
826:Flaithbertach Ua NĂ©ill
821:
704:Sigtrygg went next to
641:
577:composed by the skald
542:
436:Donnchad mac Domhnaill
361:
296:(also called Kváran),
2455:Toirdelbach Ua Briain
2358:
935:
874:the North Sea Emperor
811:
673:Earl Sigurd of Orkney
599:
590:Further information:
533:
446:Further information:
355:
2465:Domnall mac Murchada
2445:Murchad mac Diarmata
2389:Blácaire mac Gofraid
2146:Gill & Macmillan
2125:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh
1554:MacManus, pp. 279–80
1446:MacManus, pp. 278–79
766:Reign after Clontarf
493:Annals of Inisfallen
318:High King of Ireland
2550:Conchobar Ua Briain
2530:Domnall Gerrlámhach
2520:Domnall Gerrlámhach
2497:Domnall Gerrlámhach
2394:Gofraid mac Sitriuc
2324:Sichfrith mac ĂŤmair
2037:Richter, pp. 124–25
830:Donnchad mac Briain
729:Donnchadh Ó Corráin
507:and then to AĂ©d of
300:and of Dublin, and
170:in Irish texts; or
2621:Monarchs of Dublin
2576:Gofraid mac AmlaĂb
2414:Sigtrygg Silkbeard
2384:AmlaĂb mac Gofraid
2361:
2133:Gill and Macmillan
2071:Hudson, Benjamin T
1747:Hudson, pp. 109–10
1255:Etchingham, p. 181
971:and from whom the
941:
822:
792:Kingdom of Breifne
713:Battle of Clontarf
642:
627:Kingdom of Munster
606:Viking settlements
592:Battle of Clontarf
579:Gunnlaug Illugason
543:
466:Battle of Glenmama
448:Battle of Glenmama
428:Dublin countryside
362:
223:Battle of Clontarf
35:Sigtrygg Silkbeard
18:Sitriuc mac AmlaĂb
2596:
2595:
2540:Énna Mac Murchada
2525:Diarmait mac Énna
2491:Domnall mac Taidc
2329:Sitriuc mac ĂŤmair
2313:Oistin mac AmlaĂb
2240:
2239:
2231:Succeeded by
2218:Ivar of Waterford
2180:978-0-312-36880-7
2155:978-0-7171-3293-5
2090:978-0-19-516237-0
2066:(2001 ): 145–187.
1849:(Subscription or
1566:Ó Corráin, p. 130
1458:Ó Corráin, p. 129
1353:Hudson, pp. 86–87
1106:Mac Manus, p. 278
1068:Ó Corráin, p. 123
1041:Church of Ireland
1036:History of Dublin
969:Gruffudd ap Cynan
943:Sigtrygg married
922:King of the Isles
914:King of Waterford
796:Niall mac Eochaid
690:Njáll Þorgeirsson
637:Kingdom of Dublin
499:According to the
456:overkings or the
397:Ivar of Waterford
366:Ivar of Waterford
153:
152:
63:Ivar of Waterford
16:(Redirected from
2648:
2379:Gofraid ua ĂŤmair
2266:
2259:
2252:
2243:
2242:
2210:Preceded by
2202:
2201:
2184:
2159:
2136:
2120:
2108:
2099:MacManus, Seumas
2094:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1898:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1828:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1781:
1772:
1769:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1576:
1575:MacManus, p. 281
1573:
1567:
1564:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1484:
1473:
1472:MacManus, p. 279
1470:
1459:
1456:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1368:
1365:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1328:Annals of Ulster
1319:
1313:
1310:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1107:
1104:
1083:
1080:
1069:
1066:
975:were descended.
973:Kings of Gwynedd
928:Issue and legacy
861:of Leinster and
634:
603:
552:Inis Cumhscraigh
539:Inis Cumhscraigh
487:Annals of Ulster
482:St. Brigid's Day
342:animal husbandry
306:King of Leinster
288:Sigtrygg was of
91:
88:
32:
31:
21:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2514:Magnús berfœttr
2502:
2435:ĂŤmar mac Arailt
2418:
2362:
2350:
2319:Bárid mac Ímair
2275:
2273:Kings of Dublin
2270:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2191:
2181:
2156:
2117:
2091:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2046:Richter, p. 125
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1829:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1110:
1105:
1086:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1054:
1049:
1027:
930:
803:Benjamin Hudson
768:
737:Orkneyinga saga
640:
632:
630:
624:
601:
594:
588:
528:
458:king of Munster
450:
444:
382:Olaf Tryggvason
374:Benjamin Hudson
350:
286:
281:
230:Irish provinces
203:King of Munster
104:
92:
89:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2654:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2486:Gofraid Crobán
2483:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2334:Sichfrith Jarl
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2299:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2229:
2226:King of Dublin
2222:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2205:Regnal titles
2200:
2199:
2190:
2189:External links
2187:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2160:
2154:
2137:
2121:
2115:
2095:
2089:
2067:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2030:
1998:
1989:
1957:
1925:
1888:
1856:
1808:
1773:
1771:Hudson, p. 110
1749:
1740:
1738:Hudson, p. 109
1724:
1713:on 6 June 2011
1688:
1686:Hudson, p. 108
1674:
1642:
1640:Hudson, p. 104
1626:
1598:
1596:Hudson, p. 103
1589:
1587:Hudson, p. 101
1577:
1568:
1556:
1547:
1519:
1517:MacManus, p280
1507:
1474:
1460:
1448:
1439:
1421:
1389:
1369:
1355:
1346:
1314:
1280:
1271:
1257:
1248:
1246:Hudson, p. 111
1234:
1195:
1160:
1128:
1108:
1084:
1070:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1023:
929:
926:
878:Cnut the Great
788:County Wicklow
767:
764:
631:
600:
587:
584:
569:Sigtryggsdrápa
527:
524:
443:
440:
378:King of Norway
358:British Museum
349:
348:King of Dublin
346:
322:Máel Sechnaill
285:
282:
280:
277:
187:king of Dublin
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:1042 (aged 72)
101:
97:
96:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
41:King of Dublin
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2653:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2599:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:AmlaĂb Cuarán
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2347:
2346:ĂŤmar ua ĂŤmair
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2235:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:0-517-06408-1
2112:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2043:
2034:
2019:. p. 843
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1996:Hudson, p. 82
1993:
1978:. p. 823
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1946:. p. 769
1945:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1914:. p. 831
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1877:. p. 825
1876:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1797:. p. 815
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1663:. p. 793
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1551:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1443:
1437:Hudson, p. 94
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1410:. p. 745
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1387:Hudson, p. 95
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1367:Hudson, p. 87
1364:
1362:
1360:
1350:
1335:. p. 745
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1312:Hudson, p. 86
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1278:Hudson, p. 85
1275:
1269:Hudson, p. 84
1266:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1223:. p. 819
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1149:. p. 821
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1126:Hudson, p. 83
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1006:Church Reform
1003:
999:
998:
992:
990:
986:
982:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
947:'s daughter,
946:
938:
934:
925:
923:
919:
915:
910:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:Boyne estuary
887:
883:
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
847:Castlepollard
844:
840:
836:
831:
827:
819:
815:
810:
806:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:
743:
739:
738:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
702:
700:
695:
694:Bergþórshvoll
691:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:According to
665:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
638:
628:
625:(Part of the
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
598:
593:
583:
580:
576:
575:
570:
566:
565:
559:
557:
556:Cenél Conaill
553:
549:
540:
536:
532:
523:
521:
516:
514:
510:
509:Cenél nEógain
506:
502:
497:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
474:Christmas Day
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
449:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Donaghpatrick
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
354:
345:
343:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:King of Meath
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:He went on a
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
219:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:1036) of the
192:
188:
185:
184:Hiberno-Norse
182:texts) was a
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
102:
98:
95:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2598:
2507:12th century
2480:Muirchertach
2470:Muirchertach
2423:11th century
2413:
2374:Sitric Cáech
2367:10th century
2224:
2195:
2165:
2141:
2128:
2104:
2075:
2060:
2042:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2010:
2001:
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1969:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1905:
1879:. Retrieved
1868:
1859:
1832:
1799:. Retrieved
1788:
1743:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:the original
1700:
1691:
1665:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1617:. Retrieved
1615:. sagadb.org
1610:
1601:
1592:
1571:
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1536:. sagadb.org
1531:
1522:
1498:. Retrieved
1496:. sagadb.org
1491:
1442:
1412:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1274:
1251:
1225:. Retrieved
1214:
1186:. Retrieved
1184:. sagadb.org
1179:
1151:. Retrieved
1140:
1131:
995:
993:
977:
956:
942:
911:
871:
867:supplication
855:
823:
818:County Meath
800:
773:
769:
759:
752:Darraðarljóð
751:
747:Darraðarljóð
745:
741:
735:
733:
724:
710:
703:
668:
666:
655:
643:
572:
568:
562:
560:
544:
538:
517:
500:
498:
491:
485:
469:
451:
425:
405:County Meath
390:
370:Irish annals
363:
334:
325:
298:King of York
287:
258:
227:
216:
210:
180:Scandinavian
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:
50:989/995–1036
29:
2626:Norse-Gaels
2616:1042 deaths
2611:970s births
2280:9th century
2196:Njal's Saga
2131:. Ireland:
1612:Njal's Saga
1533:Njal's Saga
1493:Njal's Saga
1181:Njal's Saga
1082:Winn, p. 46
985:South Brega
863:Leath Cuinn
760:Njal's Saga
742:Njál's saga
717:Good Friday
699:Palm Sunday
669:Njál's saga
326:Njál's saga
294:Olaf Cuarán
218:Njal's Saga
138:Olaf Cuarán
55:Predecessor
2605:Categories
2440:Echmarcach
2430:Echmarcach
2340:GlĂşniarann
2054:References
1853:required.)
945:Brian Boru
906:Ardbraccan
900:, and the
898:Ui Tortain
814:Ardbraccan
662:Cape Clear
635: The
604: The
535:Inch Abbey
515:in Wales.
513:St David's
310:Máel Mórda
261:pilgrimage
207:Brian Boru
90: 970
2404:GlĂşniairn
2213:GlĂşniairn
2171:Macmillan
1047:Footnotes
1017:, led by
989:GlĂşniairn
851:Westmeath
756:Valkyries
618:Waterford
386:Irish Sea
330:GlĂşniairn
254:Waterford
191:abdicated
176:Sigtryggr
69:Successor
59:GlĂşniairn
2631:UĂ ĂŤmair
2475:Donnchad
2127:(1972).
2101:(1921).
2073:(2005).
2023:10 March
1982:10 March
1950:10 March
1918:10 March
1881:10 March
1801:10 March
1717:10 March
1667:10 March
1414:10 March
1339:16 March
1227:10 March
1153:10 March
1025:See also
902:Ui Meith
894:Conailli
859:hostages
744:and the
647:Ua NĂ©ill
614:Limerick
548:Kilclief
478:Epiphany
454:UĂ NĂ©ill
421:hostages
225:(1014).
199:Leinster
195:UĂ ĂŤmair
128:UĂ ĂŤmair
2560:Ragnall
2062:Peritia
1619:3 March
1540:3 March
1500:3 March
1188:3 March
886:Gwynedd
784:Delgany
721:Murchad
686:Burning
622:Wexford
417:Clonard
238:Wicklow
172:Sigtryg
168:Sitrick
160:Sihtric
123:Dynasty
2581:Ascall
2571:Brodar
2307:Albann
2302:Auisle
2287:AmlaĂb
2177:
2152:
2113:
2087:
1847:
961:Saxons
949:Sláine
896:, the
780:church
681:Orkney
675:, and
651:Swords
633:
602:
520:Sláine
476:until
393:Norway
337:ransom
284:Family
273:Dublin
242:Ulster
164:Sitric
158:(also
144:Mother
134:Father
116:Sláine
112:Spouse
106:Dublin
94:Dublin
2566:Ottir
2555:Ottir
882:Wales
835:Brega
776:Kells
715:, on
574:drápa
505:Ulaid
413:Kells
290:Norse
246:Wales
234:Meath
47:Reign
2409:ĂŤmar
2296:Ivar
2292:ĂŤmar
2175:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2085:ISBN
2025:2009
1984:2009
1952:2009
1920:2009
1883:2009
1803:2009
1719:2009
1669:2009
1621:2009
1542:2009
1502:2009
1416:2009
1341:2009
1229:2009
1190:2009
1155:2009
1002:mint
981:Cork
965:Rome
953:Olaf
843:king
839:Olaf
658:Cork
620:and
610:Cork
571:, a
550:and
415:and
409:Thor
316:and
279:Life
265:Rome
252:and
250:Cork
174:and
166:and
100:Died
83:Born
1839:doi
786:in
706:Man
692:at
688:of
608:of
403:in
271:in
263:to
178:in
2607::
2173:.
2148:.
2083:.
2064:15
2015:.
2009:.
1974:.
1968:.
1942:.
1936:.
1910:.
1904:.
1891:^
1873:.
1867:.
1811:^
1793:.
1787:.
1776:^
1752:^
1727:^
1705:.
1699:.
1677:^
1659:.
1653:.
1629:^
1609:.
1580:^
1559:^
1530:.
1510:^
1490:.
1477:^
1463:^
1451:^
1424:^
1406:.
1400:.
1372:^
1358:^
1331:.
1325:.
1283:^
1260:^
1237:^
1219:.
1213:.
1198:^
1178:.
1163:^
1145:.
1139:.
1111:^
1087:^
1073:^
1055:^
1021:.
920:,
876:,
849:,
816:,
740:,
616:,
612:,
423:.
380:,
344:.
320:,
256:.
240:,
236:,
205:,
162:,
87:c.
61:/
2562:?
2516:?
2499:?
2493:?
2482:?
2342:*
2336:^
2315:*
2309:^
2298:)
2294:(
2265:e
2258:t
2251:v
2220:)
2216:(
2183:.
2158:.
2135:.
2119:.
2093:.
2027:.
1986:.
1954:.
1922:.
1885:.
1845:.
1841::
1805:.
1721:.
1671:.
1623:.
1544:.
1504:.
1418:.
1343:.
1231:.
1192:.
1157:.
537:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.