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products in the other stream. From an end consumer perspective, single-stream is easier to participate in. However, single-stream recycling has disadvantages, including the output of lower quality plastics and paper to recyclers. This lower quality material has to be processed more downstream. The increased flow of decreased quality recyclables from Europe and North
America in part due to single-stream recycling was part of China's motivation for launching its
100:
Reduced collection costs because single-compartment trucks are cheaper to purchase and operate, collection can be automated, and collection routes can be serviced more efficiently. Single-stream reduced the amount of time it takes for a driver to collect the recyclables, which reduces the driver time
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Phoenix, Arizona, began exploring single-stream recycling in 1989. A contract was awarded to CRCInc in 1992, and its MRF, the first large-scale recycling facility to process commingled materials in North
America, began operation in 1993. Subsequently, many large and small municipalities across the
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The single-stream option replaces the dual-stream option, which is where people separate certain recyclable materials and place them in separate containers for collection. Typically, dual-stream has partial commingled materials such as glass, plastic and metals in one stream separated from paper
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Greater fleet flexibility, which allows single-compartment vehicles to be used to collect recycling, providing greater fleet flexibility and reducing the number of reserve vehicles needed. To avoid confusing customers, a large sign or banner is sometimes used to distinguish when a
58:, etc.) and handled separately throughout the collection process. In single-stream, both the collection and processing systems are designed to handle this fully commingled mixture of recyclables, with materials being separated for reuse at a
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all material except for cardboard go through Fines Screen. Fines Screen sorts out pieces of glass and fine materials less than five centimetres long. Glass is sent to the Glass
Cleanup System for more separating.
190:
A single-stream system is a complex network of machinery that uses a combination of newer and older technologies to sort materials for recycling, including PET, HDPE, aluminum, tin cans, cardboard and paper.
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United States began single-stream programs. As of 2012, there are 248 MRFs operating in the US. As of 2013, 100 million
Americans were served by single-stream programs.
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Changing to single-stream may provide an opportunity to update the collection and processing system and to add new materials to the list of recyclables accepted; and
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fibers, plastics, metals, and other containers are mixed in a collection truck, instead of being sorted by the depositor into separate commodities (
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Processing costs may increase compared to multiple-stream systems. Overall, single-stream costs about $ 3 more per ton than dual-stream.
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Worker injuries may decrease because the switch to single-stream is often accompanied by a switch from bins to cart-based collection.
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of paper, i.e., use of high quality fibers for low-end uses like boxboard because of presence of contaminants;
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sorts cardboard/old corrugated containers (OCC). Cardboard is sent to the Single Ram Baler to be baled.
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Possible increase in residual rates after processing (chiefly because of increased breakage of
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Montgomery County, Maryland. Division of Solid Waste
Services, Rockville, MD (2010).
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Presentation at Fall 2013 Meeting of
Association of Oregon Recyclers, Portland, OR.
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Potential for diminished public confidence if more recyclables are destined for
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454:"Piling Up: How China's Ban on Importing Waste Has Stalled Global Recycling"
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cleans glass coming off fines screen by pulling off all the light fractions.
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136:
572:
Guttentag, Roger M (Jun 1994). "Processing recyclables: What's my line?".
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Increase of contamination in the recycling container. Possible reduced
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Reduced sorting effort by residents may mean that more recyclables are
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Connecticut
Resources Recovery Authority, Hartford, CT (2013-03-28).
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disposal because of contamination or inability to market materials.
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Single-Stream
Recycling Is Easier for Consumers, but Is It Better?
634:"How It Works: Inside The Machine That Separates Your Recyclables"
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pulls all ferrous metals to the magnet such as tin cans and steel.
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City of
Chicago, Illinois. Department of Streets and Sanitation.
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How It Works: Inside The
Machine That Separates Your Recyclables
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Potential disadvantages of single-stream recycling may include:
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Business & Sustainability: Concepts, Strategies and Changes
412:"Comprehensive Solid Waste Management 10 Year Plan: 2009-2019."
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Proponents of single-stream recycling note several advantages:
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walking floor bunkers that stores corrugated and mixed paper.
171:
55:
35:
593:"Mergers and acquisitions in the waste management industry"
557:. Richfield, OH: GIE Media, Inc. 2002-05-22. Archived from
526:"Sustainable Facilities Tool: Solid Waste System Overview"
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bales everything except for the cardboard and clear film.
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More paper grades may be collected, including junk mail,
510:"Paper Recycling: Quality is Key to Long-Term Success".
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pulls out all of the aluminum and non-ferrous materials.
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is being used to collect recycling (instead of refuse).
30:(also known as “fully commingled” or "single-sort")
221:
sorts out newspaper from the rest of the recycling.
512:J.Poyry and Skumatz Economic Research Associates.
195:List of equipment used in a single-stream system:
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97:and more residents may participate in recycling;
160:prices due to contamination of paper or plastic
297:The examples and perspective in this section
595:. In Eweje, Gabriel; Perry, Martin (eds.).
551:"Single-Stream Recycling Generates Debate"
491:"Single-stream system increases recycling"
478:"The Facts About Single-Stream Recycling."
315:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
599:. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 112.
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331:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:spreads materials out on a conveyor belt
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239:reads the containers for PET plastic.
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399:"What is Single Stream Recycling."
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227:sorts 2D objects from 3D objects.
148:Upgrading the processing facility
432:"What is dual-stream recycling?"
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34:refers to a system in which all
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619:de Thomas, Dylan (2013-11-14).
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275:bales all corrugated materials.
82:Materials recovery facility in
20:Materials recovery facility in
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434:. Montgomery County Government
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263:bales the clear film plastic.
145:Different collection vehicles
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621:"Single Stream in the West."
122:and mixed residential paper.
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369:Materials recovery facility
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311:, discuss the issue on the
60:materials recovery facility
22:Montgomery County, Maryland
10:
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591:Holt, Diane (2011-12-06).
489:Diehl, Phil (2013-03-05).
68:Operation National Sword
496:San Diego Union-Tribune
243:Eddy Current Separator:
379:Waste characterization
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255:Glass Cleanup System:
225:Elliptical Separator:
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48:corrugated fiberboard
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675:(September 19, 2014)
401:Accessed 2013-12-09.
309:improve this section
299:may not represent a
186:Single-stream system
364:List of waste types
359:Curbside collection
201:Back Scraping Drum:
84:Ann Arbor, Michigan
417:2011-04-03 at the
261:Closed Door Baler:
87:
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663:(August 28, 2013)
606:978-1-78052-439-9
374:Resource recovery
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273:Single Ram Baler:
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137:capital cost
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107:refuse truck
101:on the road.
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514:: 32. 2004.
207:OCC Screen:
165:downcycling
530:sftool.gov
463:2020-10-12
385:References
280:By country
163:Increased
74:Advantages
44:paperboard
689:Recycling
458:Yale E360
313:talk page
158:commodity
142:New carts
40:newspaper
32:recycling
683:Category
580:(6): 28.
421:p. 3-40.
415:Archived
353:See also
307:You may
179:landfill
135:Initial
70:policy.
438:12 June
52:plastic
603:
535:1 July
172:glass
139:for:
56:glass
36:paper
601:ISBN
537:2014
440:2023
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