358:
them who had not done her an injury or would fail to do so again if the opportunity presented itself". On the other hand, trusting the
Emperor absolutely, she would, in any case, have been disposed to listen to his envoy, and Renard's charm and intelligence did the rest. Although on his arrival in England he had initially urged her to acknowledge Lady Jane Grey as Queen, she magnanimously overlooked this; he was after all still unfamiliar with English politics, and Mary herself had initially been unsure how much public support she had. During
337:
33:
300:. Elizabeth came to London dressed all in white and followed by a great crowd. Her litter was open to show herself to the people, and her pale face had a proud expression to hide her vexation, or as Renard put it, "pour desguyser le regret qu'elle a". Mary would not see her and she was lodged in the Palace where she could be watched with a few attendants. Elizabeth was sent to the Tower by boat down the
333:. His diplomatic career was eventually compromised by his former secretary or master household in London. Etienne Quiclet, who sold his ciphers and papers to the French. In September 1557 Quiclet was put on trial in France and revealed secrets that embarrassed Renard. Philip, who unlike his father had never liked or trusted Renard, dismissed him in the following year.
373:, as "good, easily influenced, inexpert in worldly affairs and a novice all round". He thought Princess Elizabeth should be feared for she had the "power of enchantment". His great achievement was Mary's Spanish marriage, but he advised her on many other issues, even religion on which he frankly admitted he was no expert.
245:
as spokesman and minute-taker. The
Emperor recalled the other ambassadors on 14 September 1553 leaving Renard in charge. When he heard of his appointment, on 20 September, Renard wrote to the Emperor, begging for leave to return to Brussels to see his wife and children, and reminding the Emperor that
388:
After Mary's marriage, Renard's influence declined, due to Philip's suspicion of him, and he asked to be recalled, but the
Emperor refused, believing that the experience he had gained of English affairs, and Mary's affection for him, made him invaluable as an envoy. When a coolness developed between
357:
Renard's influence over Mary is agreed to have been very great. When he was made sole ambassador in London she wrote to
Charles V that "his presence is and shall always be very acceptable to us". She trusted few if any of her English councillors: as she later said, "she could scarcely see any one of
380:
than he thought wise, and despite his repeated urgings never took decisive action against her half-sister. He was unhappy with the role of
Parliament in the English constitution, but Mary was resolved to follow her father's policy of ruling with the advice and consent of Parliament. For the most
304:. Her arrival was delayed by a day to 18 March 1554 as she missed the tide while writing a letter to Mary. The council rather than Mary, said Renard, had arranged Elizabeth's removal. Elizabeth's arrival at the Tower was described by
654:
was a notoriously complex issue, it was not disputed by either Mary I or
Elizabeth I that the Queen of Scots, the only child of Henry's only nephew, had at the least a very strong claim to be regarded as the next
419:
have judged him rather harshly, arguing that, given his great influence over Mary in the early years of the reign, he must bear much of the responsibility for the disasters of the later years.
389:
the royal couple, Renard took it upon himself to advise Philip that while Mary might not be as "agreeable and gracious" as he wished, nonetheless she deserved to be treated with consideration.
249:
Mary threw a banquet in
October 1553 when Renard's colleagues, Scheyfve, Jean de Montmorency, Sieur de Courriéres, and Jacques de Marnix, Sieur de Thoulouse, left England in October 1553, as
392:
When it became clear that Philip and Mary's marriage would be childless, Renard reversed his previous policy and urged Mary to reconcile with
Elizabeth and recognise her as
385:, Renard had no responsibility: he was not a fanatic, and his letters make clear that he was opposed to the burning of heretics, which he feared might lead to revolution.
126:
in
Ordinary of the Emperor's household. He was ambassador of Spain in France and England. As ambassador to England, he acquired an extraordinary degree of influence over
407:
He was finally recalled from
England at his own request in the autumn of 1555, although he continued for some time afterwards to advise the Emperor on English affairs.
775:
415:
Renard has been praised by historians for his intelligence, patience, subtlety and diplomatic skill. However English historians, notably Mary's biographer
326:
760:
250:
197:, who also provided military information to his colleague Jean de Saint Mauris. Marino's intelligence came from his nephew who served with
755:
442:
765:
396:. Deeply though Renard distrusted Elizabeth, he was even less happy at the prospect of the throne passing to the next heir,
770:
365:
On 9 September 1553, just before his three ambassadorial colleagues were recalled from England, Renard described Mary to
314:
146:. In May 1549, he was in Paris, reporting on the Anglo-French initiatives and negotiations that would end the war of the
130:, and until her marriage to Philip, which he promoted, he was thought by many to be controlling the English Government.
362:, he sensibly advised her to stay in London, arguing that to lose control of the capital was to lose the crown itself.
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366:
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he had organised no secretary or funds, thinking that he would only be spending 40 days in London.
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Mary, however, did not always take his advice: she showed far more clemency to the supporters of
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In France in 1549, Renard took information from several informants, three of whom he called
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By the normal rules of inheritance at least: although the succession to the throne of
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His coat-of-arms was red with a gold chevron, charged with three silver crescents.
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107:, Sieur of Bermont and Lieutenant of Aumont or Amont, (1513- 8 August 1573) was a
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702:
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241:, describing Scheyfve's jealousy of his leading role during audiences with
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122:, who were also counts of Burgundy. Renard had the court appointment of
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If You Know Not Me, You Know Nobody, or The Troubles of Queen Elizabeth
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fortifications. Mercury's brother was a soldier in Scotland under
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Tudor, Renard described the arrival of Princess Elizabeth at the
281:, Mary's preferred heir, were seated together in a window above.
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in July 1549 when he received five English banners captured at
143:
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was perhaps Captain Marino who with his brother Ippolito, the
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318:(1605) which supplied Elizabeth's much-quoted dialogue at
154:, and the progress of other wars. He recorded the joy of
404:, and was thus wholly identified with French interests.
520:, vol. 11 (London, 1916), 214, 229, 248–8, 306, 308.
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offered information on the weaknesses of French and
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by Jean Luc Joseph van der Vynckt, 1822 p. 119
484:, vol. 9 (London, 1912), 348, 421 & footnote.
229:and his colleagues as ambassadors in London when
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533:, vol. 2 (London: Bentley, 1839), pp. 306–313:
352:
776:Ambassadors of Spain to the Kingdom of England
531:England under the reigns Edward VI and Mary
325:Renard remained in England negotiating the
142:(Fox in English), and was from the town of
694:: many references predominantly in German.
261:. They were entertained with the music of
31:
284:
698:Michel Baelde: Biography of Simon Renard
585:CSP Spanish, vol. 11 (London, 1916), 251
335:
289:In a newsletter to Charles V discussing
703:History of disorders of the Netherlands
460:, vol. 9 (London, 1912), 380, 387, 395.
37:Portrait of Simon Renard de Bermont by
728:
692:Renard de Bermont by Manfred Reinnarth
761:Ambassadors to the Kingdom of England
340:Jeanne Lullier, wife of Simon Renard.
616:, vol. 11 (London: HMSO, 1916), 228.
508:, vol. 11 (London: HMSO, 1916), 298.
381:notorious episode of the reign, the
150:, a French plan to take and fortify
114:who served as an advisor to Emperor
548:The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe
518:Calendar State Papers Spanish, 1553
400:, who was shortly to be married to
213:. The Captain was knowledgeable of
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138:Simon Renard is generally known as
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14:
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563:, vol. 11 (London, 1916), 248–9..
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619:
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756:Spain–United Kingdom relations
641:(Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1952).
628:, vol. 11 (London, 1916), 298.
575:, vol. 13 (London, 1954), 281.
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458:Calendar of State Papers Spain
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1:
766:16th-century French diplomats
716:Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle
639:Mary Tudor, the Spanish Tudor
561:Calendar State Papers Spanish
496:, vol. 10 (1914), 26, 30, 77.
494:Calendar State Papers Spanish
482:Calendar State Papers Spanish
472:, vol. 9 (London, 1912), 404.
425:
410:
367:Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle
253:had banqueted her envoy, the
235:Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle
614:Calendar State Papers, Spain
506:Calendar State Papers, Spain
353:Influence on English history
7:
709:
535:Calendar State Papers Spain
470:Calendar State Papers Spain
10:
792:
771:People of the Tudor period
550:, 8 (London, 1839), p. 609
277:, Mary's half-sister, and
537:, vol. 12 (London, 1949).
348:Musée du Temps- Besançon.
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64:
45:
30:
23:
438:See family's house, now
327:marriage of Queen Mary I
670:(Pelican, 1988), p. 51.
612:(Jonathan Cape, 1996):
529:Patrick Fraser Tytler,
445:14 October 2007 at the
233:was dying. He wrote to
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25:Simon Renard de Bermont
349:
294:rebellion against Mary
285:The Princess Elizabeth
82:Ambassador of Emperor
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329:with the future King
269:, flutes, harps, and
189:and Colonel Melun of
402:Francis II of France
398:Mary, Queen of Scots
273:. Renard noted that
231:Edward VI of England
637:H. F. M. Prescott,
610:Children of England
595:Christopher Morris,
440:City Hall of Vesoul
383:Marian Persecutions
16:Burgundian diplomat
746:People from Vesoul
721:County of Burgundy
350:
331:Philip II of Spain
308:and dramatised in
275:Princess Elizabeth
201:. Mercury and the
156:Henry II of France
124:Master of Requests
120:Philip II of Spain
88:Philip II of Spain
599:(Batsford, 1955).
360:Wyatt's Rebellion
243:Mary I of England
128:Mary I of England
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751:French diplomats
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394:heir presumptive
215:Venetian affairs
193:, an exile from
166:Military secrets
35:
21:
20:
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371:Bishop of Arras
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251:Mary of Hungary
239:Bishop of Arras
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187:Man from Lyons,
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378:Lady Jane Grey
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320:Traitors' Gate
310:Thomas Heywood
291:Thomas Wyatt's
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225:Renard joined
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259:Thomas Cheney
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227:Jean Scheyfve
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86:, advisor of
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79:Occupation(s)
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57:Franche-Comté
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342:Portrait by
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148:Rough Wooing
139:
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118:and his son
105:Simon Renard
104:
103:
39:Anthonis Mor
18:
741:1573 deaths
736:1513 births
668:Elizabeth I
626:CSP Spanish
344:Antonis Mor
279:Lady Lennox
255:Lord Warden
207:Piedmontese
730:Categories
681:Mary Tudor
652:Henry VIII
597:The Tudors
426:References
411:Reputation
109:Burgundian
679:Prescott
573:CSP Spain
306:John Foxe
271:dulcimers
160:Inchkeith
116:Charles V
84:Charles V
710:See also
443:Archived
263:hautboys
177:and the
175:Mercury,
152:Alderney
112:diplomat
346:(1557).
267:cornets
203:Captain
199:Coligny
191:Cremona
183:Captain
179:Captain
683:(1952)
302:Thames
221:London
211:d'Esse
181:. The
144:Vesoul
140:Renard
95:Spouse
72:Madrid
53:Vesoul
655:heir.
195:Milan
172:Mars,
312:'s,
134:Life
68:1573
65:Died
49:1513
46:Born
732::
369:,
322:.
265:,
257:,
237:,
217:.
162:.
59:),
90:.
55:(
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