31:
579:" politicians, and surrounded them menacingly. According to one account, a shooting ensued, probably after Hodorogea asked his aggressors to stop tearing out grapes and littering. Murafa was hit in the chest, and the attackers used their bayonets to kill Hodorogea, who was trying to offer him medical attention. Another eyewitness account states places notes that Murafa and Hodorogea were murdered at bayonet by "three well-armed Russian soldiers", after having made efforts to appease them.
346:
560:
594:. Halippa, who narrowly missed attending Hodorogea's picnic, calls this a time of "full-blown anarchy". Clark additionally notes that this killing of two "most conspicuous Moldavian leaders" was linked with the devastation of farms and businesses by peasants and Russian deserters, but also with a Bolshevik "campaign of terrorism". Murafa and Hodorogea's death occurred just days after Mateevici's death from
506:
units. At a
Committee meeting in April, Murafa noted: "Our Moldavians have always been first to engage in fighting for Russian revolutionary ideas. But now it has come to pass that we should be fighting for out very own Moldavian interests. For far too long have we been Russians, let's be
636:, a commemorative plaque was unveiled on the same spot. According to 2013 reports, a replica of the original monument was to be erected there, on the initiative of politician Dumitru Godoroja (one of Hodorogea's descendants). The project was halted when it met opposition from Moldova's
460:' with sparkling eyes", believed that Romanian-language books were the "seed" and "gospel" of a patriotic awakening; hence, he encouraged his subordinates to smuggle as many books as they could from Romania to Russia. Halippa describes him as "the liaison between us and Romania".
388:, a nationalist newspaper. In its opening manifesto, the newspaper depicted Bessarabia as engulfed by "the darkness of ignorance", taking over the intellectual mission of enlightening the Romanian-speaking masses; the first issue also featured Murafa's educational essay,
965:
586:
could intervene. The incident, retold in detail by
Cioflec (who was present but escaped unharmed), shocked Bessarabian intellectuals. Murafa was survived by his wife, Polina Murafa, and an infant daughter, Silvia.
621:, was erected in Chișinău. Bessarabian activists of that period introduced Murafa as the original "martyr of the nation". The term was notably used by Pelivan, and also on the monument's dedication.
609:
for a monument to be dedicated at Murafa's grave, a further 3,000 as aid for his widow, and a 900-ruble pension for his daughter. The issue was hotly debated between the PNM and the left-leaning
502:, but continued to agitate among the Romanian soldiers in Russian ranks. The Committee sent him back on the Romanian Front, where he championed the emancipation cause among Bessarabians from the
605:, which eventually united with Romania, Murafa was openly designated a hero to the cause of unionism. In May 1918, before its complete merger with Romania, the Republic set aside 5,000
1276:
614:
881:
613:, but passed with a slim majority of votes. In 1922, following Halippa's pleas, the Romanian authorities commissioned a statue to honor all three activists. As a result, the
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240:. From an early age, like his uncle, he closely identified with Bessarabia's ethnic Romanian community and its national emancipation ideals. According to
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632:: the monument was taken down and evicted to Romania; it is presumed lost. Following Bessarabia's 1991 emancipation as the independent state of
637:
551:". To Romanian nationalists such as Ghibu, this group appeared suspicious, but Murafa was considered a mere victim of Cătărău's machinations.
1266:
960:
Lucreția
Angheluță, Eva-Maria Marian, Tamara Teodorescu, Grigore Goanță, Liana Miclescu, Marilena Apostolescu, Marina Vazaca, Rodica Fochi,
244:, his friend and fellow activist, Murafa was "a fiery nationalist". An outstanding choir boy, young Murafa went to the Orthodox seminary in
159:
97:
798:
495:, the definitive end of Russification, and generally "a firm foundation for the civic and national liberties gained by the Revolution."
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director. His arrival followed a rift between the revolutionary mainstream of
Romanian nationalism in Bessarabia and Alexandri's vague
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662:
590:
The murders, it was later noted, were part of a violent backlash that marked a definitive split between
Bessarabian activists and the
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1006:
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1207:
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deputies. They remained in contact with
Pelivan, who was being kept under close surveillance by Russian authorities. In 1912, the
330:
intercepted
Pelivan's letter to Murafa, Mateevici and Ciugureanu, in which Pelivan advised them not to seek integration into the
287:, Murafa was sought after for his melodious voice, which he gave an aesthetic quality to the nationalist manifesto. He organized
456:, with whom he discussed the cause of Bessarabian Romanians. According to Sadoveanu's memoirs, Murafa, "that strong and lively '
1160:
1074:
777:
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299:, Murafa was fast becoming "the tireless propagandist of the national and popular cause." Reputedly, after decades of
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540:. However, Murafa also had a stint in the eclectic "Romanian Nationalist-Revolutionary Party", founded by the
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Together with
Mateevici, he was an official delegate to the Schoolteachers' Congresses, which introduced the
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400:. Murafa made a mark of his leadership by publishing, for the first time ever, Mateevici's patriotic poem,
528:
to
Bessarabian schools. In April, attended the PNM's "Great National Assembly" of Bessarabian soldiers in
429:, commanding a Sanitary Detachment. In autumn 1916, when the Romanian Kingdom joined Russia and the other
187:, Murafa mainly used his position to advance Romanian nationalism. In early 1917, he helped establish the
503:
323:
303:, Murafa was one of the select few Besarabian intellectuals who could decently express themselves in the
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On August 20, 1917, Simeon G. Murafa was attending a picnic at the Chișinău vineyard owned by engineer
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434:
327:
1222:"Basarabia anului 1917 în memorialistica ardeleanului Romulus Cioflec (aprecieri și paralele în timp)"
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664:
Viața cotidiană în orașul Chișinău la începutul secolului al XX-lea (1900–1918). Monografii Antim VIII
563:
Murafa's daughter Silvia (right) with
Mateevici's daughter Nina at a skating rink in Chișinău, 1932
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emancipation in Bessarabia and beyond. By 1914, he associated with the revolutionary core of the
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In March 1917, Murafa was again in Bessarabia, and in contact with the Romanian opinion-maker,
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in Russia, he used this position to agitate among the Bessarabian soldiers, supporting a
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314:(which they regarded as their mother country), and circulated Romanian-language books.
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158:, also known as a publicist and composer. A trained classical singer and a graduate of
392:("Who Are the Moldavians?"). From 1914, taking over from Alexandri, Murafa became the
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soldiers identified him as a political enemy. His legacy is honored in both
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Identitățile Chișinăului: Materialele conferinței, 12–13 septembrie 2011
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195:. He was murdered while attending a friend's party, after a group of
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283:("The Colony"), a Bessarabian Romanian students' circle in Kyiv. At
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yeomen. He was the nephew of another nationalist activist, the
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The group established direct but clandestine links with the
337:
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36:
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Bibliografia românească modernă (1831–1918). Vol. III: L-Q
1153:
Ioan Pelivan: părinte al mișcării naționale din Basarabia
601:
Following the December 1917 establishment of a breakaway
507:
Moldavians for a change!" During those months, the local
452:, Murafa had an encounter with Romanian soldier-novelist
318:
men protested against Russification with letters sent to
762:, "Pan Halippa – un motor al identității naționale", in
479:. With Ghibu, he is mentioned among the founders of the
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Murafa's nationalist cause was enticed by the events of
307:, which was better preserved by the mass of the people.
1277:
19th-century male opera singers from the Russian Empire
575:, stormed in. They identified the owner and guests as "
1075:"Monumentul celor trei martiri va renaște la Chișinău"
1155:, Editura Biblioteca Bucureștilor, Bucharest, 2011.
547:
around a platform supporting a "Free Russia" and a "
263:'s Romanian national club and library, mentioned in
1287:
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
1146:
Cultura românească în Basarabia sub stăpânirea rusă
267:in or around 1908. In 1908 or 1909, Murafa, Madan,
256:(to 1910) and the University Law School (to 1912).
191:, helping to organize its cells in Bessarabia and
1193:, Nr. 12/1924, p. 517–536 (digitized by the
498:He joined Ghibu's Romanian National Committee in
162:, he was one of the leading activists supporting
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1170:Bessarabia: Russia and Roumania on the Black Sea
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355:in 1913. Clockwise, from bottom left: Murafa,
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667:, Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2010, p.171-172.
433:, Murafa and his Detachment were sent on the
1151:Ion Constantin, Ion Negrei, Gheorghe Negru,
624:Murafa's legacy was again challenged by the
334:. Russia, Pelivan advised, was "the enemy".
39:, photograph by Dmitry Markov (June 8, 1907)
898:"Mihail Sadoveanu despre Basarabia la 1919"
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715:online edition; retrieved February 15, 2014
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417:, during which he served, with the rank of
291:, and put to music the patriotic poetry of
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248:, graduating in 1903. He was then sent to
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1105:"Sfatul Țării și problema limbii române"
799:"Un memorialist necunoscut: Ovidiu Țopa"
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785:
772:, Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2012, p.82.
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649:
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374:In May 1913, sponsored by the landowner
344:
228:, Simeon G. Murafa was from a family of
150:; May 24, 1887 – August 20, 1917) was a
1055:
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1018:
677:
170:, which he represented as director of
160:Saint Vladimir (Shevchenko) University
98:Saint Vladimir (Shevchenko) University
782:
1267:National Moldavian Party politicians
1044:"Ce are PCRM cu Murafa și Hodorogea"
966:Editura științifică și enciclopedică
295:. As noted by the nationalist doyen
259:Murafa was originally involved with
1208:"Un ostaș al Unirii. Sberea Chiril"
615:Murafa—Mateevici—Hodorogea Monument
215:
13:
14:
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1272:Essayists from the Russian Empire
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1187:"Cum s'a făcut unirea Basarabiei"
1307:People of the Russian Revolution
582:Both were dead before the local
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1297:Imperial Russian Army personnel
1257:People from Șoldănești District
1214:, Nr. 1-2/2008, p. 118–133
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493:Moldavian Legislative Assembly
107:Activist, composer, journalist
1:
1198:Transsylvanica Online Library
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630:1940 occupation of Bessarabia
617:, a stone-and-bronze work by
603:Moldavian Democratic Republic
483:(PNM). As noted by historian
168:Romanian nationalist movement
878:Oameni cari au fost, Vol. II
852:Ciobanu, p.312; Moțoc, p.119
532:, and, in June, greeted the
210:
7:
1228:, Nr. 1/2009, p. 32–35
569:Andrei Constantin Hodorogea
10:
1323:
1262:People from Soroksky Uyezd
1007:"Enigma Ilie Cătărău (II)"
968:, Bucharest, 1989, p.507.
924:Clark, p.133; Moțoc, p.120
882:Editura Fundațiilor Regale
736:Constantin et al., p.70-71
443:Bessarabian-Romanian union
140:Simeon Gheorghevici Murafa
23:Simeon Gheorghevici Murafa
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471:. Another Transylvanian,
437:. Particularly after the
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28:
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1282:Kyiv Conservatory alumni
1129:Constantin et al., p.186
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538:Chișinău Railway Station
534:Romanian Volunteer Corps
481:Moldavian National Party
475:, joined him in editing
189:Moldavian National Party
116:Moldavian National Party
1226:Biblioteca Bucureștilor
1212:Confluențe Bibliologice
1195:Babeș-Bolyai University
825:Constantin et al., p.78
707:"În unire e tăria (II)"
467:, who had escaped from
1174:Dodd, Mead and Company
564:
371:
226:Bessarabia Governorate
1176:, New York City, 1927
1120:Clark, p.129-130, 143
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423:Imperial Russian Army
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341:and World War service
181:Imperial Russian Army
1111:, Nr. 3-4/2008, p.58
577:counterrevolutionary
234:Bessarabian Orthodox
16:Russian opera singer
1292:Red Cross personnel
1220:Maria Vieru-Ișaev,
1166:Charles Upson Clark
843:Ciobanu, p.308, 310
638:Party of Communists
619:Vasile Ionescu-Varo
504:Turkestan Volunteer
487:, the PNM demanded
485:Charles Upson Clark
439:February Revolution
332:Russian bureaucracy
305:Romanian vernacular
1049:Jurnal de Chișinău
712:Literatura și Arta
565:
519:Cine-s moldovenii?
477:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
394:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
390:Cine-s moldovenii?
385:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
382:and Murafa set up
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352:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
339:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
312:Kingdom of Romania
179:An officer of the
173:Cuvânt Moldovenesc
154:politician in the
1161:978-606-8337-04-3
1052:, October 3, 2013
915:Vieru-Ișaev, p.32
778:978-9975-51-308-1
727:Vieru-Ișaev, p.35
673:978-9975-51-199-5
611:Peasants' Faction
526:Romanian alphabet
427:Russian Red Cross
380:Nicolae Alexandri
369:Nicolae Alexandri
365:Daniel Ciugureanu
320:Nikolay Chkheidze
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273:Daniel Ciugureanu
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197:revolutionary
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
174:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:Semion Murafa
145:
141:
133:Silvia Murafa
132:
128:
125:Polina Murafa
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
106:
104:Occupation(s)
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
68:
64:
60:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
20:
1225:
1211:
1206:Radu Moțoc,
1191:Transilvania
1190:
1169:
1152:
1145:
1125:
1116:
1109:Transilvania
1108:
1078:
1047:
1042:Ilie Gulca,
1010:
998:
989:
984:Moțoc, p.120
980:
961:
956:
951:Ghibu, p.525
947:
942:Ghibu, p.526
938:
933:Clark, p.132
929:
920:
911:
901:
889:
877:
861:Moțoc, p.119
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
802:
768:
732:
710:
663:
661:Lucia Sava,
626:Soviet Union
623:
600:
589:
581:
566:
545:Ilie Cătărău
523:
518:
508:
497:
476:
469:Transylvania
462:
447:
412:
401:
393:
389:
383:
373:
350:
338:
315:
309:
284:
280:
276:
275:established
258:
220:A native of
219:
178:
171:
147:
143:
139:
138:
71:(1917-08-20)
55:May 24, 1887
1252:1917 deaths
1247:1887 births
1101:Ion Țurcanu
517:, Murafa's
415:World War I
357:Pan Halippa
316:Deșteptarea
297:Pan Halippa
285:Deșteptarea
277:Deșteptarea
261:Ion Pelivan
185:World War I
176:newspaper.
152:Bessarabian
84:Nationality
1241:Categories
1136:References
1012:Contrafort
903:Contrafort
573:Bolsheviks
398:Tolstoyism
322:and other
281:Pământenia
51:1887-05-24
35:Murafa in
584:Militsiya
542:anarchist
489:home rule
450:Fălticeni
328:Gendarmes
230:Moldavian
211:Biography
592:far left
500:Chișinău
425:and the
408:baritone
130:Children
77:Chișinău
634:Moldova
510:Zemstvo
491:with a
236:priest
205:Moldova
201:Romania
183:during
1159:
1080:Timpul
972:
776:
671:
607:rubles
596:typhus
555:Murder
530:Odessa
458:Moskal
246:Edineț
193:Odessa
144:Simion
122:Spouse
1224:, in
1210:, in
1189:, in
1107:, in
1077:, in
1046:, in
1009:, in
900:, in
801:, in
709:, in
644:Notes
419:Major
265:Bălți
1157:ISBN
970:ISBN
774:ISBN
669:ISBN
271:and
250:Kyiv
203:and
66:Died
45:Born
37:Kyiv
628:'s
536:at
448:At
146:or
1243::
1185:,
1172:,
1168:,
1144:,
1103:,
1088:^
1057:^
1020:^
964:,
880:,
876:,
866:^
797:,
784:^
741:^
720:^
679:^
651:^
640:.
521:.
445:.
410:.
378:,
367:,
363:,
359:,
207:.
1200:)
53:)
49:(
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