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Jiong, believing that Sima Ai would fail; his plan was then to start a war against Sima Jiong in conjunction with Sima Ying. Once they were victorious, he would depose
Emperor Hui and make Sima Ying the emperor, and then serve as Sima Ying's prime minister. In winter 302, Sima Yong declared his rebellion, and Sima Ying soon joined, despite opposition from Lu Zhi. Hearing that Sima Ai was part of the conspiracy as well, Sima Jiong made a preemptive strike against Sima Ai, but Sima Ai was prepared and entered the palace to control Emperor Hui. After a street battle, Sima Jiong's forces collapsed, and he was executed. Sima Ai became the effective regent, but in order to reduce opposition, he submitted all important matters to Sima Ying, still stationed at Yecheng.
495:, Prince Xian of Anping), each of whom had strong independent military commands—Sun sent his trusted subordinates to be their assistants. Prince Jiong refused and declared a rebellion to restore Emperor Hui. At Lu's suggestion, Sima Ying declared for the rebellion as well, and as Sima Jiong's forces were stuck in a stalemate against Sima Lun's troops, Sima Ying defeated the other wing of Sima Lun's forces, causing them to collapse. As Sima Jiong and Sima Ying's forces approached Luoyang. Sima Lun was captured by officials in Luoyang who declared for the rebellion as well, and forced to issue an edict returning the throne to Emperor Hui. He was then forced to commit suicide. The associates of Sima Lun were executed.
515:, in one rare case where the nine bestowments were not signs of an impending usurpation, although Prince Ying declined the bestowments), and many talented officials were promoted into important positions. However, the Princes Jiong and Ying were actually apprehensive of each other's power, and Prince Ying decided to yield the central government regency to Prince Jiong at the time and return to his defense post at Yecheng. When he bid farewell to Sima Jiong, he did not talk about politics at all but only about his mother's illness, and this brought further praise on his character, as did his subsequent acts to collect the bodies of soldiers who had died in the war against Sima Lun to give them proper burials.
572:, and his crown prince Sima Qin, deposed. Then, at Sima Yong's pre-arranged petition, Sima Ying was created the crown prince. He put people he trusted in charge of the defenses of Luoyang, while remotely controlling the government from Yecheng. Eventually, the officials in Luoyang tired of the situation, and they rose under Sima Yue's command in summer 304. Sima Yue, with Emperor Hui accompanying him, then attacked Yecheng. Sima Ying, after some initial hesitation, battled Sima Yue's troops and defeated him, forcing him to flee and capturing Emperor Hui. He did not return Emperor Hui to Luoyang, but kept him at Yecheng.
63:
550:). Even though Sima Ai submitted all important matters to him, he still considered Sima Ai an interference to his control of government and wanted to eliminate him. At the same time, Sima Yong, who had hoped that if Sima Ying became emperor he could then be prime minister, persuaded Sima Ying to again join him against Sima Ai. They started military action against Sima Ai in fall of 303, and while they had overwhelming force, their forces could not score a conclusive victory against Sima Ai. Sima Yong's forces were about to withdraw in spring 304 when
687:), worried that there were still many of Sima Ying's supporters in the city, forged an edict ordering Sima Ying to commit suicide. His two sons were also killed with him. After Ji captured Yecheng in 307, he placed Sima Ying's casket on a wagon in his command train, and he would report all important decisions to Sima Ying's casket. After Ji was defeated on 11 January 308, Sima Ying's casket was thrown in a well, and his former associates took it out of the well and buried it.
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Sima Jiong became suspicious of Sima Yong the Prince of Hejian—because Sima Yong had initially wanted to support Sima Lun, until he saw that Sima Lun's cause was hopeless. Sima Yong knew of Sima Jiong's suspicion, and started a conspiracy; he invited Sima Ai the Prince of
Changsha to overthrow Sima
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therefore declared a rebellion, seeking to restore him. Sima Yong sent Sima Ying to try to pacify or suppress the rebellion, but while he was on the way to
Yecheng, Sima Yue declared a rebellion with the ostensible goal of returning Emperor Hui to Luoyang, and Sima Ying was unable to progress to
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Once Sima Ying arrived in
Luoyang, he found the troops of his ally Sima Yong there, commanded by Zhang Fang. Instead of continuing to support Sima Ying, however, Sima Yong turned his back on Sima Ying and had him removed from his crown prince position, instead creating another brother of Emperor
609:. Sima Ying was forced to flee to Luoyang with Emperor Hui, now without troops to support him. (Upon hearing Sima Ying's collapse, Liu Yuan, instead of coming to Sima Ying's aid, declared independence from Jin and styled himself the Prince of Han, claiming descent (through a princess) from the
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In the capital, Sima Jiong became arrogant based on his accomplishments. He had his sons created princes, and ran the matters of the central government from his mansion, rarely visiting the emperor or attending the imperial meetings. He enlarged his mansion to be as large as the palace, and he
525:), successive crown princes, died in childhood, leaving Emperor Hui without male descendants by 302, Sima Ying was considered the appropriate successor, but Sima Jiong chose to bypass him by recommending the seven-year-old Sima Qin (
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After Sima Ying was removed as crown prince, the people of
Yecheng nevertheless missed the days when he was considered a capable governor, under Lu's guidance. In 305, his former subordinates, the generals Gongshi Fan
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Yecheng; he instead returned to Chang'an. After Sima Yue defeated Sima Yong in 306 and welcomed
Emperor Hui back to Luoyang, he put out an order for Sima Ying's arrest, and Sima Ying fled with his sons Sima Pu (
519:
entrusted matters to people who were close to him, and would not change his ways even when some of his more honest associates tried to change his behavior. When
Emperor Hui's grandsons Sima Zang and Sima Shang (
467:
brother
Emperor Hui. However, he developed a good reputation among officials and the people by being lenient, filial to his mother Princess Dowager Cheng, and listening to the advice of his capable advisor
593:), with whom Sima Ying had prior disputes, an excuse to attack Sima Ying, and he did so, claiming that Sima Ying was improperly detaining Emperor Hui. Wang's forces were reinforced with ferocious
554:
the Prince of
Donghai, the grandson of a great-granduncle of Emperor Hui, believing that Sima Ai could not win this war, arrested him and delivered him to Sima Yong's general Zhang Fang (
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the Prince of
Yuzhang, crown prince. Sima Ying was demoted back to being the Prince of Chengdu. Soon, Zhang forced Emperor Hui, Crown Prince Chi, and Sima Ying to move from Luoyang to
511:
Some thought that a power balance that Emperor Wu had hoped for at his death might be restored, as Princes Jiong and Ying were each given regent titles (and awarded the
475:
After Empress Jia falsely accused Crown Prince Yu of crimes and deposed him in 299 and then later murdered him in 300, she was overthrown by Emperor Hui's granduncle
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560:), who executed Sima Ai cruelly by burning him to death. Sima Ying became in effective control of the government, but continued to control it remotely from Yecheng.
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After Sima Jiong's death, Sima Ying became extremely arrogant as well, and trusted inappropriate persons, chief among whom was his servant Meng Jiu (
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soldiers, and Sima Ying's forces, in fear of their fighting abilities, collapsed, before they could be reinforced with
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Consort Cheng. On 22 December 289, Emperor Wu created him the Prince of Chengdu. After Emperor Wu died in May 290 and
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indicated that Sima Ying was forced to commit suicide in the 10th month of the 1st year of the
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indicated that he was 28 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died. (...命徽缢之，时年二十八。)
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era. The month corresponds to 22 Nov to 21 Dec 306 in the Julian calendar.
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the Prince of Qi (Emperor Hui's cousin and a son of Emperor Hui's uncle,
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the Prince of Hejian (a grandson of Emperor Hui's great-granduncle
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711:, vol.59. Thus by calculation, his birth year should be 279.
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succeeded to the throne, Sima Ying remained in the capital
756:(十二月，戊寅，乞活田甄、田兰、薄盛等起兵，为新蔡王腾报仇，斩汲桑於乐陵。弃成都王颖棺於故井中，颖故臣收葬之。)
667:) the governor of Dunqiu Commandery (頓丘, roughly modern
439:), a nephew of Emperor Hui's powerful wife Empress
605:forces under the command of Sima Ying's associate
568:Sima Ying soon ordered Emperor Hui's second wife,
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433:. However, after he once rebuked Jia Mi (
507:Map showing the Wars of the Eight Princes
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
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149:Relevant discussion may be found on the
983:Jin dynasty (266–420) imperial princes
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655:) the Prince of Lujiang and Sima Kuo (
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1008:4th-century executions
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356:family name
274:Predecessor
255:Jin dynasty
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170:"Sima Ying"
105:August 2018
97:introducing
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493:Sima Fu
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445:Sima Yu
431:Luoyang
379:Zhangdu
195:scholar
93:improve
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902:Jia Mi
669:Puyang
644:) and
599:Wuhuan
470:Lu Zhi
457:Handan
391:regent
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315:Born
174:news
678:司馬虓
658:司馬廓
652:司馬普
641:公師藩
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534:司馬遐
528:司馬覃
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