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surface of the trunk, while the center was filled with pith. The long, thin grasslike leaves were attached directly to the stem and grew in a spiral along the trunk. The old leaf bases expanded as the trunk grew in width, and left a diamond-shaped pattern, which is evident in fossils. These leaf scars were arranged in vertical rows. The trunk had photosynthetic tissue on the surface, meaning that it was probably green.
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was a tree-like plant reaching a height up to 30 m (98 ft), and lycopsids were capable to reach a height of up to 50 m (160 ft). These lycopsids had a tall, single or occasionally forked trunk that lacked wood. Support came from a layer of closely packed leaf bases just below the
373:
or shoot-like rhizomorphic axes, with lateral appendages attached from the circular scars, forming an underground network of branched rootlets. These stigmarian rootlets branched dichotomously from the rhizomorphs similar to
973:
Silva Pineda, A. (2003). "Flora del Pérmico de la región de Izúcar de
Matamoros, Puebla". En Soto, L. A. Agustín Ayala-Castañares: universitario, impulsor de la investigación científica. UNAM. p. 371.
912:
732:
813:
775:
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William A. DiMichele, Richard M. Bateman: The
Rhizomorphic Lycopsids: A Case-Study in Paleobotanical Classification. Systematic Botany, 1996, volume 21, pages 535-552.
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leaves, so that the plant looked somewhat like a tall, forked bottle brush. The plant bore its spores (not seeds) in cone-like structures attached to the stem.
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period (age range: from 383.7 to 254.0 million years ago). Fossils are found in Great
Britain, United States, Canada, China, Korea, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
893:
229:
1265:
952:
Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, Michael Krings: Paleobotany. The
Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Second Edition, Academic Press 2009,
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380:, and spread throughout the coal swamp forest areas where the lycopods were commonly found. Root hairs from the rootlet scars identified in
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J. W. Sir Dawson - On the structure and affinities of
Sigillaria, Calamites and Calamodendron - Paperback – August 16, 2011
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390:, like many ancient lycopods, had a relatively short life cycle - growing rapidly and reaching maturity in a few years.
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This article is about the extinct plant genus. For the ancient Roman festival and associated gifts, see
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1139:"Networks of highly branched stigmarian rootlets developed on the first giant trees"
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Geografiia rastenii s osnovani botaniki (Geography of plants and basics of botany)
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El Bosque
Petrificado de Olta: 300 millones de años después
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784:(bark) on display at State Museum of Pennsylvania, from
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Leaf scars are shown between the vertical sections of a
1117:
Sebastián González, D. and Celia Gutiérrez, M. (2014).
342:
The trunk was topped with a plume of long, grass-like,
1136:
1008:
Hans' Paleobotany Pages - The clubmoss tree
Sigillaria
1137:
Hetherington, A.J.; Berry, C.M.; Dolan, Liam (2016).
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fossils were attached when the lycopsids were alive.
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1180:Hans' Paleobotany Pages - Species of Sigillaria
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826:from the Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation in
1130:
1068:. Gos. nauchno-pedagog. izd-vo. p. 167
918:Lycopod bark (possibly an early species of
23:. For the plant genus Sigillaria Raf., see
303:period but dwindled to extinction in the
273:periods. It is related to the more famous
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261:is a genus of extinct, spore-bearing,
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16:Extinct genus of spore-bearing plants
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331:where the leaves used to be attached
1370:Prehistoric plants of North America
419:Species within this genus include:
363:are assigned under the form taxon,
13:
841:A close-up of the leaf scars on a
143:Estonian Museum of Natural History
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1360:Paleozoic life of New Brunswick
1355:Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)
1345:Carboniferous first appearances
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922:) showing leaf scars, from the
279:, and more distantly to modern
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349:The underground structures of
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1:
1365:Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia
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769:, Mercer County, Pennsylvania
404:and other lycopsids from the
1325:Prehistoric lycophyte genera
924:Middle Devonian of Wisconsin
763:State Museum of Pennsylvania
7:
902:preserved in the cliffs at
291:This genus is known in the
10:
1386:
822:Lycopsid that is probably
705:
414:
18:
1350:Permian genus extinctions
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1200:The Columbia Encyclopedia
151:Scientific classification
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140:Sigillaria mamillaris sp.
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128:
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21:Sigillaria (ancient Rome)
432:National Museum (Prague)
1156:10.1073/pnas.1514427113
1038:"Paleobiology Database"
1026:Encyclopædia Britannica
1320:Prehistoric lycophytes
1094:"Encyclopedia of life"
1062:V. V. Alekhin (1961).
857:Sigillaria mammillaris
806:University of A Coruña
744:stigmarian root system
434:
351:arborescent lycophytes
332:
320:
1292:Paleobiology Database
906:, Nova Scotia, Canada
726:, Nova Scotia, Canada
425:
326:
318:
295:from as early as the
263:arborescent lycophyte
1330:Pennsylvanian plants
1195:Fossil Plants Vol.II
742:trunk attached to a
369:. The lycopsids had
145:, Tallinn, Estonia.
746:(lycopsid rhizomes)
579:(Zeller (1886-1888)
138:Bark fragment from
871:Sigillaria elegans
435:
428:Sigillaria trigona
333:
321:
1340:Prehistoric trees
1307:
1306:
1279:Open Tree of Life
1211:Taxon identifiers
1149:(24): 6695–6700.
958:978-0-12-373972-8
843:Sigillaria notata
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699:Brongniart (1828)
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40:Temporal range:
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680:S.transversalis
648:S.schotheimiana
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1189:External links
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480:S.cancriformis
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394:may have been
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1100:on 2018-07-07
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360:Lepidodendron
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305:Early Permian
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301:Carboniferous
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267:Carboniferous
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1102:. Retrieved
1098:the original
1070:. Retrieved
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1046:. Retrieved
1042:the original
1032:
944:Bibliography
919:
899:
887:restorations
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870:
856:
842:
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819:
801:
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695:
687:
679:
671:
664:S.sillimanni
663:
656:S.scutellata
655:
647:
639:
631:
624:S.reticulata
623:
619:Weiss (1881)
615:
608:S.pachyderma
607:
599:
591:
584:S.monostigma
583:
575:
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555:Weiss (1887)
551:
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539:Weiss (1887)
535:
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519:
512:S.densifolia
511:
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499:Weiss (1887)
495:
487:
483:Weiss (1887)
479:
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459:Weiss (1887)
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451:Weiss (1887)
447:
440:S.alveolaris
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299:or the Late
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139:
35:
29:
938:Restoration
828:Nova Scotia
804:sp. at the
800:Replica of
672:S.tesselata
616:S.principes
504:S.davreuxii
456:S.bicostata
319:Restoration
311:Description
25:Maianthemum
1314:Categories
1104:2015-07-19
1072:2020-10-05
1048:2021-12-18
986:References
969:1175560871
920:Sigillaria
900:Sigillaria
885:Sigillaria
824:Sigillaria
802:Sigillaria
782:Sigillaria
759:Sigillaria
740:Sigillaria
738:Fossil of
720:Sigillaria
552:S.loricata
544:S.hexagona
536:S.fossorum
528:S.elongata
496:S.cumulata
488:S.cristata
426:Fossil of
396:monocarpic
392:Sigillaria
388:Sigillaria
355:Sigillaria
353:including
336:Sigillaria
329:Sigillaria
281:quillworts
258:Sigillaria
244:Sigillaria
194:Lycophytes
36:Sigillaria
696:S.voltzii
688:S.trigona
576:S.micaudi
568:S.menardi
520:S.elegans
472:S.brardii
464:S.boblayi
448:S.barbata
382:Stigmaria
366:Stigmaria
164:Kingdom:
119:Possible
1242:BioLib:
1234:Q1094494
1228:Wikidata
786:Scranton
640:S.saulii
632:S.rugosa
411:swamps.
371:rhizomes
223:Family:
121:Devonian
1284:5154567
1258:3229165
1245:1181282
1166:4914198
904:Joggins
820:In situ
765:, from
724:Joggins
706:Gallery
600:S.ovata
415:Species
377:Isoetes
271:Permian
236:Genus:
210:Order:
200:Class:
168:Plantae
46:Permian
1297:125649
1271:105623
1163:
1124:
978:
967:
956:
767:Sharon
123:record
1266:IRMNG
188:Clade
175:Clade
1253:GBIF
1143:PNAS
1122:ISBN
976:ISBN
965:ISBN
954:ISBN
409:coal
357:and
269:and
59:PreꞒ
1161:PMC
1151:doi
1147:113
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1159:.
1145:.
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1081:^
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190::
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109:Pg
53:Ma
48:,
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1153::
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926:.
240:†
227:†
214:†
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:Ꞓ
44:-
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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