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1544:) took up the siege operations. Selivanov did not order any frontal assaults as Dimitriev had, and instead settled to starve the garrison into submission. By mid-December, the Russians were pounding the fortress with ceaseless artillery fire seeking to compel the town's surrender. During the winter 1914–1915 the Habsburg armies continued to fight their way to the fortress. Months of fighting resulted in great losses, largely from
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to the
Russians once captured. On March 19 Kusmanek ordered an attempt to break out but his sallies were repulsed and he was forced to retreat back into the city. With nothing useful left within the city, Kusmanek had no choice but to surrender. On 22 March, the remaining garrison of 117,000 surrendered to the Russians. Among the captured were nine generals, ninety-three senior staff officers, 2,500 other officers, and the
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800,000, mostly due to weather and disease rather than combat. Russian casualties were nearly as high, but easier to replace, and balanced out more by the surrender of 117,000 Austro-Hungarian troops at the end of the siege. All told, the siege and the attempts to relieve it cost the Austro-Hungarian army over a million casualties and inflicted on it significant damage from which it would never recover.
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1682:. This anticipated offensive never came, but the loss of Przemyśl was a serious blow to Austro-Hungarian morale. A further blow to Austria-Hungary was the fact that Przemyśl was only supposed to be garrisoned by 50,000, yet over 110,000 Austro-Hungarians surrendered with the fortress, a much more significant loss. The Russians held Przemyśl until the summer of 1915 when the
1674:
Field
Marshal-Lieutenants Karl Weizendorfer, Arpad Tamasha von Fogaras, Wilhelm Nickl and Major Generals Rudolf Zeide, Alfred Weber, George Komm, Arthur Kaltnecker and Friedrich Kloiber. The commandant of the fortress, G. Kusmanek, became the highest-ranking general of the German bloc among those who
49:
1555:
that no further efforts would be made. Selivanov was given sufficient artillery to reduce the fortress. The
Russians overran the northern defenses on 13 March. An improvised line of defense held up the Russian attacks long enough for Kusmanek to destroy anything left in the city that could be of use
1475:
were used to make seven new lines of defence around the perimeter of the town. Inside the fortress, a military garrison of 127,000, as well as 18,000 civilians, were surrounded by six
Russian divisions. Przemyśl reflected the nature of the Austro-Hungarian Empire – orders of the day had to be issued
1595:
and racial tensions in the town; " The Jewish women in basements rip you off the worst", and on March 18, 1915 – "The Jews are taking their shop signs down in a hurry, so that no one can tell who owns what. … They've all got so rich off the backs of those poor soldiers, and now of course they all
1523:
advanced towards Przemyśl. On 5 October, Russian assaults continued, under the command of
General Scherbakov, including a major one on 7 October. Yet, with Austro-Hungarian forces advancing, the Russian assault was discontinued. On 9 October, a cavalry unit from the Third Army entered the besieged
1686:
pushed back the
Russian front in Galicia. Przemyśl stayed in Austro-Hungarian hands until October 1918, at which point Eastern Galicia left the Austro-Hungarian Empire and became part of the newly created independent state of Poland. The Austro-Hungarian army never recovered from its losses in the
1574:
Diaries and notebooks kept by various people in the town have survived. The diary of Josef Tomann, an
Austrian recruited into military service as a junior doctor, reveals the results of the activities of garrison officers: "The hospitals have been recruiting teenage girls as nurses. They get 120
1411:
of Przemyśl began on 16 September 1914 and was briefly suspended on 11 October, due to an Austro-Hungarian offensive. The siege resumed again on 9 November and the Austro-Hungarian garrison surrendered on 22 March 1915, after holding out for a total of 133 days. The siege has been referred to as
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Meanwhile Austro-Hungarian attempts to relieve the fortress ended catastrophically as the poorly supplied and outnumbered imperial forces attempted offensive after offensive through the
Carpathian Mountains. Casualties for January to April 1915, in the Carpathians, were officially reported as
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in fifteen languages. Austrians, Poles, Jews and
Ruthenians (Ukrainians) were together in the besieged town, that was hit constantly with artillery fire, and as the toll of dead and sick and wounded rose, and starvation threatened, so did mutual distrust and ethnic tension.
1575:
crowns a month and free meals. They are, with very few exceptions, utterly useless. Their main job is to satisfy the lust of the gentlemen officers and, rather shamefully, of a number of doctors, too … New officers are coming in almost daily with cases of
1176:
1587:. The poor girls and women feel so flattered when they get chatted up by one of these pestilent pigs in their spotless uniforms, with their shiny boots and buttons." Other accounts reveal the pervasive presence of starvation and disease, including
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816:
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of the fortress with six divisions. Dimitriev, after a brief artillery bombardment, ordered a full-scale assault on the fortress. The fortress was defended by 120,000 soldiers, under the command of
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for their prayers before setting upon them with whips. There is such lamenting and despair. Some Jews are hiding in cellars, but they'll get to them there too."
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In
February 1915, Boroevic led another relief effort towards Przemyśl. By the end of February, all relief efforts having been defeated, Hötzendorf informed
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1335:
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1635:, were flown from the besieged city on twenty-seven flights. Following a forced landing, mail from one flight was confiscated by the Russians and sent to
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was the only Austrian post that held out and by 28 September, was completely behind Russian lines. The Russians were now in a position to threaten the
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winter of 1914–1915 and the Habsburgs would rely henceforth on German assistance both in their sector of the Eastern Front and in the
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and onward transmission. Balloon mail, on some manned but mainly unmanned paper balloons, was also carried out of the city.
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2080:. Przemyśl, Siege of (September 24, 1914 – March 22, 1915). Vol. 2 volumes. ABC-CLIO. pp. 170, 681–682, 913.
1756:. Przemyśl, Siege of (September 24, 1914 – March 22, 1915). Vol. 2 volumes. ABC-CLIO. pp. 170, 681–682, 913.
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1536:. On 4 November, civilians were ordered to leave Przemyśl. On 10 November, the second siege started. The Russian
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By the end of October, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were retreating west after their reversals in the
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On March 9, 1915, Russian troops captured 9 Austrian generals in the Przemysl fortress: Infantry General
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37:
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1440:. Its advance into Germany was soon repulsed but its Galician campaign was more successful. General
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1805:[Przemyśl has been fully liberated] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Huszadik század. October 1914
1591:, and the diary of Helena Jablonska, a middle-aged, quite wealthy Polish woman, reveals class and
1072:
1006:
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1508:. For three days the Russians attacked and accomplished nothing at the cost of 40,000 casualties.
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115,000 total casualties (20–40,000 casualties were sustained in the first few days of the siege.)
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1038:
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1468:, making the defense of Przemyśl of importance to the Germans as well as the Austro-Hungarians.
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The fall of Przemyśl led many to believe that Russia would now launch a major offensive into
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1783:[account of Przemyśl] (in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: Huszadik század. April 1915
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865:
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320:
8:
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50 kilometres (30 mi) of new trenches were dug and 1,000 km (650 mi) of
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2457:
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1726:
1636:
1557:
1087:
796:
690:
343:
1452:, and the whole Austrian front fell back over 160 kilometres (100 mi) to the
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2019:
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2015:"Pigeon Post From Przemysl; "We Are Doing Very Well," Says Message to Vienna"
2000:
1632:
1461:
2077:
Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
1876:
Iron and Blood: A Military History of the German-Speaking Peoples since 1500
1753:
Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
3593:
3020:
1592:
1548:
and disease but relieving forces failed to reach the garrison at Przemyśl.
1425:
2177:
1987:
Kupiec-Weglinski, Jerry (December 2009). "The Siege Of Przemysl 1914–15".
3804:
3709:
3407:
2835:
2256:
2185:
The Fortress: The Siege of Przemysl and the Making of Europe's Bloodlands
1851:"World War I's Stalingrad: The Siege of Przemyśl and Europe's Bloodlands"
1644:
1600:
finally took the city in March, the Tsarist soldiers unleashed a violent
1472:
41:
1901:, p. 70, Svetlana Palmer & Sarah Wallis, Simon & Schuster, 2003
1631:
flights from Przemyśl during both sieges when airmail postcards, mostly
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77:
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2220:
The Siege of Przemysl – A Sketch from a British War-Correspondent.
1688:
1664:
1628:
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against the Jewish population of the city. Jablonska noted: "The
1588:
1465:
1437:
432:
1601:
1433:
1404:
85:
2225:
4027:
1501:
1376:
2144:
Written in Blood: The Battles for Fortress Przemysl in WWI
1918:
Collision of Empires, The War on the Eastern Front in 1914
1934:
1424:
In August 1914, Russian armies moved against both German
1995:(12). Mineola, NY: American Air Mail Society: 494–509.
1878:(1st ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 535.
16:1914–15 battle on the Eastern Front of World War I
1351:Preliminary Ukrainian-Soviet peace treaty (1918)
4494:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1910s
4379:Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
4370:
2099:. West Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University Press.
2034:Из истории генеральских потерь Германского блока
1986:
1647:was also used to send messages out of the city.
1428:and one of Austria-Hungary's largest provinces,
1336:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
3202:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1920:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 272–274.
1569:
1659:Statue commemorating the siege of Przemyśl in
1444:overwhelmed the Austro-Hungarian forces under
4454:Attacks on buildings and structures in Poland
2241:
1619:Censored balloon mail from Przemysl to Vienna
448:
1823:
1432:, straddling the present-day border between
3692:
1957:. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 57–61, 138–144.
4389:Battles of the Eastern Front (World War I)
2248:
2234:
2094:
1940:
455:
441:
54:Establishment of Russian power in Przemysl
2163:The Fortress: The Great Siege of Przemysl
1955:Germany Ascendant, The Eastern Front 1915
1383:. The siege was a crushing defeat of the
3491:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
2141:
1824:Palmer, Svetlana; Wallis, Sarah (2003).
1654:
1614:
1483:
4384:Battles of World War I involving Russia
3868:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
2073:
1749:
1524:fortress, and the main body on 12 Oct.
106:First Siege: Russians discontinue siege
4371:
2182:
2160:
2113:
1952:
1915:
1873:
1855:The National WWII Museum | New Orleans
1848:
1775:
1773:
1623:
3821:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
3157:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
2229:
1803:"Przemyslt teljesen felszabadítottuk"
1745:
1743:
1608:waited until the Jews set off to the
1488:Map of Przemysl and surrounding forts
436:
4414:History of Subcarpathian Voivodeship
4225:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2060:. ABC-CLIO Publishing. 2005. p. 349.
1911:
1909:
1907:
1828:. Simon & Schuster. p. 69.
420:120,000 captured (including wounded)
4394:Sieges involving the Russian Empire
4154:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
2948:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2058:World War I: A Student Encyclopedia
1946:
1795:
1770:
1672:Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten
1553:Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten
1506:Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten
21:Battle of Przemyśl (disambiguation)
13:
2887:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2135:
1740:
14:
4505:
4449:Attacks on military installations
2202:
1904:
462:
66:16 September 1914 – 22 March 1915
4399:Sieges involving Austria-Hungary
3250:Second Battle of the Piave River
2872:Russian invasion of East Prussia
1849:Watson, Alexander (2020-07-22).
377:
366:
356:
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314:
307:
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246:
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127:
48:
4321:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3521:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2255:
2050:
2038:
2027:
2007:
1980:
1971:
1675:were captured by the Russians.
1527:
68:(6 months and 6 days)
4144:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
4003:Deportations from East Prussia
3800:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
1892:
1867:
1842:
1817:
1704:
1479:
1172:Battle for Kamianets-Podilskyi
1:
4055:Ukrainian Canadian internment
2142:Tunstall, Graydon A. (2016).
2067:
1419:
109:Second siege: Russian victory
4210:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3509:Estonian War of Independence
3177:Southern Palestine offensive
2146:. Indiana University Press.
2074:Dowling, Timothy C. (2014).
1750:Dowling, Timothy C. (2014).
1596:want to run away!" When the
1570:Life in Przemyśl under siege
1542:Andrei Nikolaevich Selivanov
1403:in what is now southeastern
1399:-town and stronghold on the
7:
4164:USA against Austria-Hungary
3563:Turkish War of Independence
3515:Latvian War of Independence
3240:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
2831:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
1715:Oblężenie twierdza Przemyśl
1534:Battle of the Vistula River
1517:Svetozar Boroevic von Bojna
1513:Battle of the Vistula River
10:
4510:
4247:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3795:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
3255:Second Battle of the Marne
3142:Second battle of the Aisne
3011:Second Battle of Champagne
2852:German invasion of Belgium
2183:Watson, Alexander (2020).
2161:Watson, Alexander (2019).
2097:The Army of Francis Joseph
1650:
1346:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
362:Przemyśl fortress garrison
18:
4353:
4312:
4233:
4172:
4134:
4078:
4067:
4028:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
3971:
3943:
3891:
3813:
3787:
3739:
3632:
3625:
3557:Irish War of Independence
3453:
3335:
3300:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3285:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3210:
3112:
3039:
2940:
2897:First Battle of the Marne
2844:
2806:
2741:
2732:
2675:
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2538:
2504:
2476:
2438:
2390:
2343:
2336:
2263:
2130:– via Goggle Books.
2114:Tucker, Spencer (2002) .
1977:A War in Words, pp. 87–88
1874:Wilson, Peter H. (2023).
1730:
1492:On 24 September, General
1251:Assault on Chongar Bridge
1131:Battle of Bobruysk (1918)
1002:Second Brusilov offensive
472:
408:
389:
349:
152:
120:
58:
47:
35:
30:
4180:Constantinople Agreement
3473:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
3336:Co-belligerent conflicts
3305:Second Romanian campaign
3275:Third Transjordan attack
2986:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
2892:Battle of Grand Couronné
2178:online review in H-DIPLO
2117:The Great War, 1914–1918
1723:Belagerung von Premissel
1698:
1684:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
1295:Romanian Campaign (1918)
1073:Romanian Campaign (1917)
1007:Romanian campaign (1916)
779:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
4444:1915 in Austria-Hungary
4439:1914 in Austria-Hungary
4243:Modus vivendi of Acroma
4195:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3503:Greater Poland Uprising
3403:National Protection War
3280:Meuse–Argonne offensive
3230:German spring offensive
3225:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3001:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
2976:Second Battle of Artois
2857:Battle of the Frontiers
2210:Fall of Przemysl (1915)
2095:Rothenburg, G. (1976).
2023:, p. 2, 1914-11-29
1341:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
534:East Prussia war crimes
4268:Paris Peace Conference
4256:Ukraine–Central Powers
4050:Massacres of Albanians
4018:Late Ottoman genocides
3825:Bulgarian occupations
3533:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3497:Hungarian–Romanian War
3315:Naval Victory Bulletin
3310:Armistice with Germany
3260:Hundred Days Offensive
3187:Battle of La Malmaison
3137:Second battle of Arras
3104:Battle of Transylvania
2958:Second Battle of Ypres
2826:Sarajevo assassination
2715:South African Republic
2165:. London: Allen Lane.
1722:
1714:
1667:
1620:
1489:
153:Commanders and leaders
4459:September 1914 events
4409:Sieges of World War I
4278:Treaty of St. Germain
4251:Russia–Central Powers
4205:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4033:Pontic Greek genocide
4008:Destruction of Kalisz
3984:Eastern Mediterranean
3545:Polish–Lithuanian War
3327:Armistice of Belgrade
3290:Armistice of Salonica
3220:Operation Faustschlag
3167:Third Battle of Oituz
3089:Baranovichi offensive
3057:Lake Naroch offensive
3031:Battle of Robat Karim
3006:Vistula–Bug offensive
2981:Battles of the Isonzo
2912:First Battle of Ypres
1953:Buttar, Prit (2017).
1916:Buttar, Prit (2016).
1658:
1618:
1598:Imperial Russian Army
1487:
1464:industrial region of
1446:Conrad von Hötzendorf
1385:Austro-Hungarian Army
1379:in Europe during the
997:Baranovichi offensive
578:Halich-Lviv offensive
409:Casualties and losses
401:45,000 impressed levy
4484:February 1914 events
4474:December 1914 events
4469:November 1914 events
4273:Treaty of Versailles
3989:Mount Lebanon famine
3904:in the United States
3872:Russian occupations
3586:Turkish–Armenian War
3527:Polish–Ukrainian War
3467:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3414:Central Asian Revolt
3197:Armistice of Focșani
2927:Battle of Sarikamish
2877:Battle of Tannenberg
2273:Military engagements
1731:Перемы́шльская осада
1458:fortress at Przemyśl
1454:Carpathian Mountains
1300:Anti-Hetman Uprising
785:Gorlice breakthrough
422:700 artillery pieces
19:For other uses, see
4479:January 1914 events
4464:October 1914 events
4340:They shall not pass
4263:Treaty of Bucharest
4220:Treaty of Bucharest
4159:USA against Germany
4136:Declarations of war
3840:German occupations
3753:British casualties
3612:Soviet–Georgian War
3539:Egyptian Revolution
3479:Armeno-Georgian War
3343:Somaliland campaign
3295:Armistice of Mudros
3172:Battle of Caporetto
3162:Battle of Mărășești
3132:Zimmermann telegram
3127:February Revolution
3072:Battle of the Somme
2996:Bug-Narew Offensive
2971:Battle of Gallipoli
2963:Sinking of the RMS
2755:Scramble for Africa
2749:Franco-Prussian War
2405:Sinai and Palestine
1624:Mail communications
1496:, commander of the
1412:"Austria-Hungary's
1184:The Battle of Irpin
1160:Battle of Berdychiv
1029:February Revolution
878:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
4300:Treaty of Lausanne
4215:Paris Economy Pact
4149:UK against Germany
4079:Entry into the war
4045:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
3764:Ottoman casualties
3574:Franco-Turkish War
3454:Post-War conflicts
3438:Russian Revolution
3420:Invasion of Darfur
3385:Kelantan rebellion
3373:Kurdish rebellions
3349:Mexican Revolution
3182:October Revolution
3147:Kerensky offensive
3122:Capture of Baghdad
3099:Monastir offensive
3084:Brusilov offensive
2922:Battle of Kolubara
2761:Russo-Japanese War
1781:"Przemysl leltára"
1668:
1621:
1498:Russian Third Army
1490:
1095:October Revolution
1051:Tarnopol-Offensive
1034:Kerensky offensive
964:Brusilov offensive
726:2nd Masurian Lakes
595:Galicia war crimes
529:1st Masurian Lakes
424:9 general captured
4489:March 1914 events
4424:Conflicts in 1915
4419:Conflicts in 1914
4366:
4365:
4349:
4348:
4333:The Golden Virgin
4327:Mutilated victory
4308:
4307:
4288:Treaty of Trianon
4283:Treaty of Neuilly
4190:Damascus Protocol
4063:
4062:
4023:Armenian genocide
3980:Allied blockades
3952:Belgian refugees
3735:
3734:
3645:Strategic bombing
3621:
3620:
3606:Franco-Syrian War
3580:Greco-Turkish War
3568:Anglo-Turkish War
3551:Polish–Soviet War
3485:German Revolution
3461:Russian Civil War
3444:Finnish Civil War
3270:Battle of Megiddo
3245:Battle of Goychay
3192:Battle of Cambrai
3152:Battle of Mărăști
3067:Battle of Jutland
3047:Erzurum offensive
2902:Siege of Przemyśl
2882:Siege of Tsingtao
2867:Battle of Galicia
2797:Second Balkan War
2785:Italo-Turkish War
2742:Pre-War conflicts
2728:
2727:
2618:Portuguese Empire
2534:
2533:
2496:German New Guinea
2478:Asian and Pacific
2194:978-1-5416-9732-4
2106:978-0-911198-41-6
2087:978-1-59884-948-6
2056:Tucker, Spencer.
1964:978-1-4728-1937-6
1927:978-1-4728-1318-3
1885:978-0-674-98762-3
1763:978-1-59884-948-6
1641:postal censorship
1450:Battle of Galicia
1373:Siege of Przemyśl
1366:
1365:
1017:Christmas Battles
753:2nd Vistula River
619:Laski and Anielin
613:1st Vistula River
431:
430:
321:Svetozar Boroević
304:Friedrich Kloiber
287:Arthur Keltnecker
185:Karl Weizendorfer
116:
115:
31:Siege of Przemyśl
4501:
4293:Treaty of Sèvres
4185:Treaty of London
4076:
4075:
3854:Northeast France
3785:
3784:
3757:Parliamentarians
3690:
3689:
3652:Chemical weapons
3630:
3629:
3391:Senussi campaign
3361:Muscat rebellion
3355:Maritz rebellion
3323:
3265:Vardar offensive
3094:Battle of Romani
3062:Battle of Asiago
3052:Battle of Verdun
3016:Kosovo offensive
2791:First Balkan War
2739:
2738:
2638:Russian Republic
2547:
2546:
2341:
2340:
2283:Economic history
2250:
2243:
2236:
2227:
2226:
2222:Wayback capture.
2211:
2198:
2176:
2157:
2131:
2110:
2091:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1733:
1732:
1708:
1637:Saint Petersburg
1375:was the longest
1359:
1259:
1240:
1232:Battle for Izyum
1228:
1216:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1116:Battle of Galați
1059:
927:
895:Strypa offensive
710:
702:Kozevo offensive
636:2nd East Prussia
591:
488:1st East Prussia
467:
457:
450:
443:
434:
433:
382:
381:
380:
371:
370:
369:
361:
360:
344:Andrei Selivanov
342:
341:
340:
331:
330:
329:
319:
318:
311:
302:
301:
294:
285:
284:
277:
268:
267:
260:
251:
250:
243:
234:
233:
226:
217:
216:
209:
200:
199:
192:
183:
182:
175:
167:Hermann Kusmanek
164:
163:
145:
144:
143:
133:
131:
130:
60:
59:
52:
28:
27:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4345:
4304:
4236:
4229:
4200:Treaty of Darin
4168:
4130:
4086:Austria-Hungary
4072:
4059:
4040:Rape of Belgium
3967:
3939:
3887:
3881:Western Armenia
3876:Eastern Galicia
3809:
3783:
3747:
3746:Civilian impact
3745:
3731:
3688:
3617:
3449:
3379:Ovambo Uprising
3331:
3317:
3206:
3108:
3035:
2953:Battle of Łomża
2936:
2932:Christmas truce
2907:Race to the Sea
2840:
2802:
2724:
2695:Austria-Hungary
2671:
2606:Empire of Japan
2543:
2541:
2530:
2514:U-boat campaign
2500:
2472:
2434:
2386:
2332:
2313:Popular culture
2259:
2254:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2187:. Basic Books.
2173:
2154:
2138:
2136:Further reading
2128:
2107:
2088:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2028:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1989:Airpost Journal
1985:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1951:
1947:
1941:Rothenburg 1976
1939:
1935:
1928:
1914:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1843:
1836:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1653:
1626:
1572:
1530:
1494:Radko Dimitriev
1482:
1422:
1381:First World War
1369:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1253:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1083:Kornilov affair
1053:
921:
704:
585:
468:
463:
461:
423:
421:
419:
417:
400:
399:93,000 soldiers
398:
378:
376:
375:
367:
365:
355:
338:
336:
335:
333:Radko Dimitriev
327:
325:
313:
312:
296:
295:
279:
278:
262:
261:
245:
244:
228:
227:
211:
210:
194:
193:
177:
176:
158:
141:
139:
135:Austria-Hungary
128:
126:
112:
103:
102:
97:Russian victory
89:
82:Austria-Hungary
67:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4507:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4434:1915 in Poland
4431:
4429:1914 in Poland
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4324:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4235:Peace treaties
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4121:United Kingdom
4118:
4113:
4111:Ottoman Empire
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4073:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4013:Sack of Dinant
4010:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3961:United Kingdom
3958:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3921:
3915:POW locations
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3897:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3748:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3715:United Kingdom
3712:
3710:Ottoman Empire
3707:
3702:
3696:
3694:
3687:
3686:
3684:Trench warfare
3681:
3680:
3679:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3634:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3400:
3397:Volta-Bani War
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3235:Zeebrugge Raid
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3026:Battle of Loos
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2917:Black Sea raid
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2819:Historiography
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2773:Bosnian Crisis
2770:
2767:Tangier Crisis
2764:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Ottoman Empire
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2677:Central Powers
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2660:British Empire
2655:United Kingdom
2652:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2633:Russian Empire
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2551:Entente Powers
2544:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2519:North Atlantic
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2430:Central Arabia
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2392:Middle Eastern
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2293:Historiography
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2204:
2203:External links
2201:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2171:
2158:
2152:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2092:
2086:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2049:
2045:A War in Words
2037:
2026:
2020:New York Times
2006:
1979:
1970:
1963:
1945:
1943:, p. 185.
1933:
1926:
1903:
1899:A War in Words
1891:
1884:
1866:
1841:
1834:
1826:A War in Words
1816:
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1762:
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1649:
1625:
1622:
1571:
1568:
1529:
1526:
1481:
1478:
1442:Nikolai Ivanov
1421:
1418:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1330:Peace treaties
1327:
1326:
1321:
1315:
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1310:
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1308:
1307:
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1287:
1282:
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1217:
1208:Lozova station
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844:Novogeorgievsk
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599:
598:
597:
592:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
538:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
484:
478:
477:
473:
470:
469:
460:
459:
452:
445:
437:
429:
428:
425:
411:
410:
406:
405:
402:
392:
391:
387:
386:
363:
352:
351:
350:Units involved
347:
346:
323:
219:Wilhelm Nickel
155:
154:
150:
149:
147:Russian Empire
137:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
111:
110:
107:
100:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
76:
74:
70:
69:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
33:
32:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4506:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4126:United States
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4066:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3738:
3728:
3727:United States
3725:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3677:Convoy system
3675:
3674:
3673:
3672:Naval warfare
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:Kaocen revolt
3430:
3427:
3426:Easter Rising
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2991:Great Retreat
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2862:Battle of Cer
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2779:Agadir Crisis
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2667:United States
2665:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:French Empire
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2537:
2527:
2526:Mediterranean
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2506:Naval warfare
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2382:Italian Front
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:Eastern Front
2368:
2366:
2365:Western Front
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Puppet states
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2172:9780241309063
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2153:9780253021977
2149:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2120:. Routledge.
2119:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1966:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1835:0-7432-4831-7
1831:
1827:
1820:
1804:
1798:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1746:
1744:
1739:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:military mail
1630:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:Naval warfare
1312:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Hetman's coup
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
980:Kostiuchnówka
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
941:
940:
937:
934:
932:
929:
925:
920:
917:
915:
914:
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
879:
876:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
861:Riga-Schaulen
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
834:2nd Przasnysz
832:
831:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:Great Retreat
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
780:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
732:
731:1st Przasnysz
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Humin-Bolimów
719:
715:
712:
708:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
692:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
674:
673:Lupovsky Pass
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:
622:
620:
617:
615:
614:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
596:
593:
589:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
543:
539:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
474:
471:
466:
465:Eastern Front
458:
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
438:
435:
426:
416:
413:
412:
407:
403:
397:
394:
393:
388:
385:
374:
364:
359:
354:
353:
348:
345:
334:
324:
322:
317:
310:
305:
300:
293:
288:
283:
276:
271:
266:
259:
254:
249:
242:
237:
232:
225:
220:
215:
208:
203:
202:Arpad Tamashi
198:
191:
186:
181:
174:
169:
168:
162:
157:
156:
151:
148:
138:
136:
125:
124:
119:
108:
105:
104:
96:
93:
92:
87:
84:(present-day
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
65:
62:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
39:
38:Eastern Front
34:
29:
22:
4338:
4331:
4319:
3926: /
3858:
3693:Conscription
3657:Cryptography
3594:Iraqi Revolt
3021:Siege of Kut
2964:
2901:
2542:participants
2491:German Samoa
2425:South Arabia
2184:
2162:
2143:
2116:
2096:
2076:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2029:
2018:
2009:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1973:
1954:
1948:
1936:
1917:
1898:
1894:
1875:
1869:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:
1844:
1825:
1819:
1807:. Retrieved
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1752:
1706:
1693:
1677:
1669:
1627:
1585:soft chancre
1573:
1550:
1531:
1528:Second siege
1510:
1491:
1470:
1426:East Prussia
1423:
1389:Russian Army
1372:
1370:
1141:
1088:
962:
919:Death Island
911:
904:
821:
777:
763:1st Courland
689:
665:
623:
611:
540:
509:Gross-Bresau
486:
414:
396:138,000 men:
395:
253:Alfred Veber
236:Rudolf Zeide
165:
121:Belligerents
101:Full results
36:Part of the
3956:Netherlands
3933:Switzerland
3814:Occupations
3805:Spanish flu
3582:(1919–1922)
3576:(1918–1921)
3570:(1918–1923)
3559:(1919–1921)
3553:(1919–1921)
3547:(1919–1920)
3523:(1918–1920)
3517:(1918–1920)
3511:(1918–1920)
3493:(1918–1920)
3475:(1918–1920)
3469:(1917–1921)
3463:(1917–1921)
3410:(1916-1918)
3408:Arab Revolt
3399:(1915–1917)
3393:(1915–1917)
3381:(1914-1917)
3375:(1914–1917)
3369:(1914–1921)
3363:(1913–1920)
3351:(1910–1920)
3345:(1900–1920)
3318: [
2836:July Crisis
2757:(1880–1914)
2420:Mesopotamia
2298:Home fronts
2257:World War I
1645:Pigeon mail
1593:antisemitic
1511:During the
1480:First siege
1473:barbed wire
1448:during the
1354: [
1305:Motovilivka
1254: [
1235: [
1223: [
1211: [
1187: [
1175: [
1163: [
1151: [
1142:Faustschlag
1054: [
948:Lake Naroch
922: [
851:Vistula-Bug
817:Kraupishken
812:3rd Osowiec
768:2nd Bolimów
758:2nd Osowiec
705: [
691:Carpathians
667:Bzura-Rawka
651:Krzywopłoty
607:1st Osowiec
586: [
583:Jarosławice
558:Zolota Lypa
548:1st Kraśnik
524:Abschwangen
494:Stallupönen
418:20,000 dead
404:300,000 men
270:George Komm
42:World War I
4373:Categories
4173:Agreements
3973:War crimes
3849:Luxembourg
3742:Casualties
2613:Montenegro
2448:South West
2328:Technology
2318:Propaganda
2308:Opposition
2127:1134817495
2068:References
1860:2024-04-03
1564:Geza Gyoni
1521:Third Army
1500:began the
1420:Background
1414:Stalingrad
1409:investment
1319:Baltic Sea
1273:Sevastopol
1126:Bessarabia
992:2nd Kekava
958:Stolovichy
953:1st Kekava
563:Gnila Lipa
519:Tannenberg
482:Wierzbołów
4070:Diplomacy
3777:Olympians
3700:Australia
3667:Logistics
3600:Vlora War
3529:(1918–19)
3505:(1918–19)
3499:(1918–19)
3487:(1918–19)
3434:(1916–17)
3416:(1916–17)
3367:Zaian War
3357:(1914–15)
3077:first day
2965:Lusitania
2793:(1912–13)
2787:(1911–12)
2775:(1908–09)
2769:(1905–06)
2751:(1870–71)
2540:Principal
2400:Gallipoli
2303:Memorials
2288:Geography
2278:Aftermath
2001:0739-0939
1610:synagogue
1581:gonorrhea
1558:Hungarian
1546:frostbite
1540:(General
1538:11th Army
1401:River San
1324:Black Sea
1268:Salt Lake
1100:Zhmerynka
1063:Krechowce
1046:July Days
1012:Schmarden
975:Mamornița
890:Grubeshov
829:Bug-Narew
746:Kalvarija
697:Rafajlowa
685:Cârlibaba
661:Łowczówek
625:San River
514:Gumbinnen
384:11th Army
4404:Przemyśl
4358:Category
3945:Refugees
3911:Italians
3900:Germans
3860:Ober Ost
3640:Aviation
2734:Timeline
2705:Bulgaria
2486:Tsingtao
2463:Togoland
2410:Caucasus
2345:European
2337:Theatres
1809:2 August
1787:2 August
1661:Budapest
1606:Cossacks
1577:syphilis
1561:war poet
1397:fortress
1393:Przemyśl
1290:Dibrivka
1203:Bakhmach
1136:Rarańcza
1078:2nd Riga
866:1st Riga
773:Pakosław
656:Limanowa
631:Mołotków
602:Augustów
390:Strength
373:3rd Army
78:Przemyśl
73:Location
4096:Germany
3996:Germany
3924:Germany
3844:Belgium
3829:Albania
3788:Disease
3768:Sports
3720:Ireland
3633:Warfare
3626:Aspects
2814:Origins
2807:Prelude
2710:Senussi
2690:Germany
2685:Leaders
2623:Romania
2564:Belgium
2559:Leaders
2458:Kamerun
2440:African
2375:Romania
2353:Balkans
2268:Outline
2215:YouTube
2047:, p. 93
1727:Russian
1689:Balkans
1680:Hungary
1665:Hungary
1651:Results
1629:Airmail
1589:cholera
1466:Silesia
1438:Ukraine
1430:Galicia
1387:by the
1121:Finland
931:Smorgon
856:Jastków
802:Rokitna
790:Syniava
714:Makivka
573:Gorodek
553:Komarow
542:Galicia
504:Kaushen
415:137,000
4116:Russia
4091:France
3919:Canada
3834:Serbia
3705:Canada
3662:Horses
3614:(1921)
3608:(1920)
3602:(1920)
3596:(1920)
3588:(1920)
3541:(1919)
3535:(1919)
3481:(1918)
3446:(1918)
3440:(1917)
3428:(1916)
3422:(1916)
3387:(1915)
2799:(1913)
2781:(1911)
2763:(1905)
2720:Darfur
2645:Serbia
2628:Russia
2591:Greece
2579:France
2569:Brazil
2415:Persia
2358:Serbia
2191:
2169:
2150:
2124:
2103:
2084:
1999:
1961:
1924:
1882:
1832:
1760:
1719:German
1711:Polish
1602:pogrom
1462:German
1456:. The
1434:Poland
1407:. The
1405:Poland
1395:was a
1285:Kaniów
1263:Sivash
1246:Crimea
1220:Donbas
1089:Albion
1039:Zboriv
936:Zurnvo
807:Tarłów
797:Konary
646:Kraków
306:
289:
272:
255:
238:
221:
204:
187:
170:
132:
94:Result
86:Poland
4313:Other
4106:Japan
4101:Italy
3928:camps
3772:Rugby
3322:]
2601:Japan
2596:Italy
2574:China
2468:North
1699:Notes
1502:siege
1377:siege
1358:]
1258:]
1239:]
1227:]
1215:]
1196:Narva
1191:]
1179:]
1167:]
1155:]
1148:Keila
1068:Krevo
1058:]
985:Kowel
970:Lutsk
926:]
913:Vilno
906:Rovno
885:Rasna
871:Kovno
839:Narew
741:Memel
736:Łomża
709:]
590:]
499:Orlau
3893:POWs
3212:1918
3114:1917
3040:1916
2941:1915
2845:1914
2650:Siam
2453:East
2189:ISBN
2167:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2122:ISBN
2101:ISBN
2082:ISBN
1997:ISSN
1959:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1811:2011
1789:2011
1758:ISBN
1639:for
1583:and
1436:and
1371:The
1110:1918
1023:1917
942:1916
900:Prut
679:1915
641:Łódź
568:Rawa
476:1914
63:Date
2213:on
1519:'s
1416:".
40:of
4375::
3320:It
2017:,
1993:80
1991:.
1906:^
1853:.
1772:^
1742:^
1729::
1725:;
1721::
1717:;
1713::
1691:.
1663:,
1579:,
1566:.
1515:,
1391:.
1356:uk
1256:ru
1237:uk
1225:uk
1213:uk
1189:uk
1177:uk
1165:uk
1153:et
1056:de
924:lv
707:ru
588:ru
80:,
3744:/
2249:e
2242:t
2235:v
2197:.
2175:.
2156:.
2109:.
2090:.
2003:.
1967:.
1930:.
1888:.
1863:.
1838:.
1813:.
1791:.
1766:.
456:e
449:t
442:v
88:)
23:.
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