Siege of Homs - Knowledge

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pro-government militiamen were killed or wounded, with 23 of them being confirmed as dead. By 25 January 120 civilians and 30–40 rebels were also reported to had been killed. Opposition activists claimed 10,000 pro-government militiamen were brought in as reinforcements from Tartous for the offensive. The Army was focusing on securing a vital a road junction on the outskirts of the city, which is on a supply line to government forces further in the interior of the country. On 26 January, more than 20 additional rebels and civilians were killed in fighting in the Jobar-Kafraya farm area on the south-western edge of Homs. A doctor from a makeshift underground hospital reported that opposition forces and civilians were surrounded. Rebels from the nearby town of Qusair were attempting to relieve the pressure on opposition forces on the western edge of Homs and in a counter-offensive two days previously managed to push back government forces slightly. However, the military continued to pound the area with artillery and air-strikes and the armed opposition had been weakened in the city after a drop in ammunition supplies in the weeks before due to a tightening of the Army siege on western areas.

4371:(HRW) later accused Syria's government of hiding prisoners held in its crackdown from Arab League observers visiting the country, saying Syrian authorities had transferred perhaps hundreds of detainees to off-limits military sites. Human Rights Watch interviewed a Syrian security officer in Homs who said that he received orders from his prison director to assist with irregular detainee transfers, adding that the orders came from the central government. "He estimated that on 21 and 22 December approximately 400 to 600 detainees were moved out of his detention facility to other places of detention," the unidentified official was quoted as saying. "Some detainees were moved in civilian jeeps and some in cargo trucks. My role was inside the prison, gathering the detainees and putting them in the cars. My orders from the prison director were to move the important detainees out," he said. He added they were being taken to a military missile factory in 5487: 5129:

Homs neighborhoods. Opposition activist Abu Bilal al-Homsi said via "Skype" to "AFP", from Old Homs, "We are surrounded completely, we have no outlet." He also called on non-governmental organizations to send aid, pointing out that "the hospitals overwhelmed with the wounded who need surgery and should be evacuated." Activists rejected Government claims about districts in the city of Homs and an FSA colonel pointed out that the Government hadn't seized control of any districts but "they are advancing in some districts and retreating in others." he stressted that "al-Assad's forces are able to do nothing more than storm the entrance of a district and then immediately withdraw, despite the magnitude of the destruction they are causing."

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activist group SOHR confirmed that people were detained but made no mention of executions. Three children on a minibus were killed as they tried to flee with their parents from the Shamas district during the military operation. After the operation, a Brigadier General defected, stating that the Shamas neighbourhood had no FSA elements and that the Shabiha were led by Iranian military advisors during the operation. The Syrian newspaper Watan, reported that 40 rebels were killed and 70 captured during operations in al-Shamas. The same day, the Army launched an operation in al-Hamidyeh, killing tens of rebels in two hideouts and destroying an ammunition dump. The Army also arrested 26 people in Tabliseh, state media reported.

4334:, said the situation was calm in Homs and that there were no clashes. Dabi said that they saw some armored vehicles but no tanks and, overall, judged the situation as "reassuring so far". Although, he added that "there were some places where the situation was not good," and called for further inquiry. In contrast, one of the monitors speaking to Al Jazeera on the condition of anonymity said the situation in the city was "very dangerous" and that it is under constant shelling, and many videos posted online by activists seemed to show the orange-vested monitors come under fire. He said that some areas were under the control of the Free Syrian Army. 4357:, enforced disappearance, and torture or other ill-treatment of numerous people in Sudan," it said in a statement. "The Arab League's decision to appoint as the head of the observer mission a Sudanese general on whose watch severe human rights violations were committed in Sudan risks undermining the League's efforts so far and seriously calls into question the mission's credibility," Amnesty said. Abd-al-Karim al-Rayhawi, head of the Syrian League, told the BBC that Dabi "won't be neutral" and would sympathise with the Assad regime and "its henchmen who are committing crimes against humanity round the clock in Syria". Dabi is wanted by the 162: 4502:, undermined the government's claims. "The journalists were attacked in a heavily militarized regime stronghold. It would be hugely difficult for any armed opposition to penetrate the area and launch such a deadly attack," he said. Tarif also said the incident was an "unacceptable breach of the Arab League protocol", to which Syria had committed itself and which required journalists to have freedom to report across Syria. "The regime has denied journalists free access to the country, forcing them to join press tours organized by the ministry of information and chaperoned closely by regime minders," he said. 259: 4640: 5153:

calm and most of the city shops and markets were open and traffic was flowing freely. One bus driver stated "Homs is now safer than Damascus". One of a few areas where life still had not gone back to a full normal was the Armenian area, which reportedly was hit by several shells fired by the rebels from the Old City. On one occasion, a four-story building collapsed, killing five people and injuring 37 others. Fighter jets continued to bomb the rebel-held areas and Sky News described the scene in rebel-held areas and its frontlines as brutal low-tech guerrilla war.

199: 15152: 4222:, was able to smuggle himself and his crew into Homs with the help of the Free Syrian Army. The foreign news crew reported there was heavy fighting in the besieged city each day despite the heavy presence of Syrian army checkpoints and that, after the central square became too dangerous, the FSA had established their own checkpoints aimed at protecting civilians during demonstrations in suburbs and city alleys; video had surfaced that purportedly showed defectors and rebels in control of Baba Amr again, with a checkpoint at the entrance to check for " 228: 151: 4527: 4569: 5117:, in conjunction with Syrian military forces. A military source said in October that the Army launched a broad offensive to take control of all remaining Homs quarters and the neighbouring city of Al Qusayr as well. The source expected the operation to take one week to be completed. However, Al Qusayr remained in the hands of rebels, who reported to have killed 60 Hezbollah fighters in the city. Another 16 were captured in the Sayida Zeinab and Qabboun districts of Damascus, according to senior FSA members. 4758: 4241:(AFP). The civilians, the group said, had been seized from several "anti-regime neighbourhoods" in Homs, probably meaning Baba Amr. The SOHR also reported the "shabiha" abducted a bus driver and his 13 passengers in Homs Governorate on the same day. Both government and opposition forces blamed each other for the civilian killings, but both sides stated that they themselves had enough motive for the killings of the Sunnis and the Alawites, showing the beginning of possible sectarian violence in the conflict. 5527: 5014:

city, shelling neighbourhoods systematically. It was reported that the Shabiha took over all the city's hospitals, thus dozens of wounded were without treatment, and that the Army had cut each of Homs's districts from each other. An opposition campaigner claimed that "85% of Homs is now under shelling or bombardment with mortar rounds and heavy machine guns." The shelling was primarily hitting the remaining rebel-held areas in the neighborhoods of Old Homs, al-Khalidiya, Jourat al-Shayyah, Qarabis and

4392: 173: 5388: 5223: 4873: 4379:, HRW's Middle East director, said the security officer also told them that the Syrian government was issuing police identification cards to its military officials, which the rights watchdog said was in violation of the Arab League accord. "Dressing soldiers in police uniforms does not meet the Arab League call to withdraw the army," said Whitson. "The Arab League needs to cut through Syrian government deception by pushing for full access to anywhere Syria is holding detainees." 18779: 5033:

the Army had agreed to a two-hour truce to allow the mediators to evacuate the besieged people but they were blocked by the rebels. This was confirmed by at least on Homs resident, who stated that he feared the rebels wanted to keep the Christians trapped in the city as a bargaining chip while the Army's bombardment and ground attacks on Homs intensified. Those who managed to sneak out settled in an area outside the city, dubbed as Valley of the Christians.

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did not surrender. However, soon after, government artillery hit the base and an Army counter-attack recaptured it. The rebels were not able to take with them the large and heavy SA-2 surface-to-air missiles, which were fixed to the launchers. A satellite imagery provider showed the al-Ghanto base in flames following the artillery strikes. Opposition activists also reported a more intensified campaign of bombardment of Homs.

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because they had received orders to shoot everything, military and civilian alike, and one defector said he witnessed his commander executing an elderly man. British journalist Paul Wood returned to Homs in the days following the fall Baba Amr, reporting that he encountered many groups of women and children, without men, who told stories of raids and of massacres and that residents were terrified of government

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colonel, died in the shelling along with four other rebel fighters. Activists stated that Syrian Army tanks stationed in Inshaat were firing on Baba Amr from a bridge. They also reported that soldiers were damaging stores and cars while conducting a house-to-house sweeping operation. On 11 February, activists reported that Army tanks began moving from the Inshaat quarter to the edge of the Baba Amr district.

4135:, in Homs. According to the opposition, 15 protesters were killed during the clashes, while the government stated that 11 soldiers and policemen were killed, including five at one checkpoint, after they were attacked by unknown gunmen. On the night of 7 May, the military cut electricity to Homs. The next day, 8 May, Army units–assisted by tanks–entered several of the city's districts, including 4918:, reporting from within the Khalidiya district, claimed that despite recent Army advances, the FSA still controlled large areas of the city and that hundreds of civilians still lived in Khalidiya despite heavy government artillery shelling and sniper activity. The Homs National Hospital in Juret al-Shayah had also reportedly been badly damaged by shelling. According to Marshall, many streets had sheets of 4108:) in which thousands of demonstrators took to the streets after Friday prayers. Police conducted many arrests and assaulted protesters while attempting to disperse the crowds. As protests continued into April, security forces began firing on demonstrators, resulting in dozens of deaths. Homs, once one of the most restive cities in Syria, became what some activists labeled the "Capital of the Revolution". 4788:

Syrian Army used the capture of Baba Amr to send the message that it was still the dominant force on the battlefield, noting that the stronghold was a significant base for the organization and weapons supply hub for the rebels. British journalist Paul Conroy, who escaped the city a few days prior, described the situation as an "indiscriminate massacre" and "slaughter" and compared the siege to the

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Hama, Damascus" and that "too often civilians bore the brunt of the violence" while the FSA was also responsible for the torture and execution of a number of captured soldiers. One defector belonging to the Farouq Brigades stated that they executed government soldiers, after they confessed under torture, to crimes against civilians. Among those killed were allegedly three Iranian snipers. In the

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off several roads around Baba Amr and the Air force conducted air strikes on the district. The purpose of the rebel raid was reportedly to relieve pressure on the remaining rebel-held areas of the city that were still under siege by the military. At the same time, fighting was still ongoing in the rebel areas of Old Homs and Khaldiyeh, where the military was pressing its offensive.

4910:. SANA also reported that "terrorists" killed 12 civilians in the pro-Assad, predominantly Alawite neighborhood of al-Zahra in what appeared to be an FSA attack. On 16 April, al-Khalidiya was heavily shelled from three sides while the Army stormed al-Bayada and took control of half of it. They also tried to storm Juret al-Shayah and al-Qarabis, but were repelled by the FSA. 4687:

activist said about the activists. After losing contact with them, a member of the network "found seven of them shot dead, with hands tied behind their backs ... just before the entrance to Baba Amr," the activist told AFP. "Those were civilian activists, unpaid volunteers," he said, accusing the "Shabiha armed forces" of killing the men whose ages ranged between 16 and 24.

4581:–government forces began an artillery bombardment of Homs, particularly the Khaldieh neighborhood, which opposition activists claimed led to over 200 deaths. Activists posted many videos of burning buildings and dead bodies that they claimed occurred in Homs. Some footage showed buildings reduced to rubble from shelling. According to SOHR, after more than two hours, 5414:

been captured by government troops as they continued to advance. Meanwhile, rebel lines in Hamidiyah in Old Homs were tenuous as NDF forces were fighting in the outskirts of the area and advancing. Heavy artillery and mortar fire also hit the al-Waer neighborhood. According to a pro-government source, the Army had breached the rebel defense line in the Bab Houd district.

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area under rebel control, where an estimated 1,000 rebel fighters remained. The next day, opposition activists confirmed 90 percent of the district had been captured by the Army, with scattered fighting continuing in the southern areas. That night, SOHR reported that the Army had taken full control of Khalidiya after capturing the Masakin al-Mu'alimin quarter.

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group killing 10 rebels and wounding 20. Two of the dead were reportedly Arabs of foreign nationalities. At the same time, a security forces raid in the Taldaw suburb killed one rebel and seized a weapons cache. Also, the leader of a rebel group, Khaled al-Hamad, known as Abu Sakar, was killed during security operations along with a number of his fighters.

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on everything that moved in designated zones such as Cairo street, which runs through the center of the city. Reportedly, the FSA did not have the strength to repel a potential all-out Syrian Army assault on Baba Amr, instead planning to retreat and wait until the bulk of government forces withdrew from the district post-capture, as they did in October.

5506:. The evacuation of rebels along with their family members began on 18 March. On 27 March, 1,850 rebels and residents departed the neighbourhood in 45 buses. A final batch of 3,000 people, including 700 rebels, left Homs on 21 May. 1,150 rebels chose to stay and surrendered their weapons. With this, the Syrian government regained full control of Homs. 5336:

in the city where "most buildings in the Old City district, the last rebel-held enclave, had been flattened by artillery and the remaining inhabitants were living in basements." as follows: "We have to drink from polluted wells and wash in the sewage water," the doctor said. "We eat leaves and rotten rice. We have had no electricity for 500 days."

5575:, accused Syrian President Bashar al-Assad of seeking to "wipe Homs from the map", comparing his campaign to the Libyan government's attacks on the city of Benghazi. "Bashar al-Assad is lying in a shameful way, he wants to wipe Homs from the map like (former Libyan leader Muammar) Gaddafi wanted to wipe Benghazi from the map," Sarkozy said. 5352:

fighting that lasted into the next morning. The remaining 18 fighters were missing. After the ambush, the Army launched an assault in an attempt to push into the Matahan area of Old Homs, where 150 rebels were putting up resistance, but their attack was beaten back. However, armoured Army reinforcements were sent from Damascus towards Homs.

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during Eid Al-Adha in order to facilitate humanitarian access to the two governorates. However, the FSA rejected a prolonged 9-month ceasefire with the Assad regime in order to allow the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to carry out its operations overseeing the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons stockpile."

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al-Shayyah area left 50–75 rebels dead, including dozens of senior officers. Among those killed was also the FSA provincial commander, Abdul Qadir al-Homsi. After the explosion, only 500–600 rebels were estimated to had remained in the Old Homs area out of 2,000 six months earlier, according to an opposition source.

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By 16 April, an estimated 300–1,000 rebel fighters had surrendered since March. Some of the remaining rebel fighters in Old Homs were getting ready for a fight to the death, preparing suicide belts for use in case the Army breaches their lines, as the opposition All4Syria news site predicted that the

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militia reinforcements arrived as government forces entered the Wadi al-Sayeh neighborhood, which lies between Jourat al-Shayyah and the Old City. By the next day, they had captured several buildings in the area. An opposition source reported the garages area between Jourat al-Shayyah and Qussour had

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in Khalidiya, which had earlier caught fire. An activist in the Old City of Homs stated that the Army had "used rocket launchers for hours". He also commented that all water, phone and power had been cut off or blocked, save satellite communications. "The only thing they haven't blocked is the air we

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On 25 March, the opposition group SOHR reported that the military had taken control of large parts of the neighbourhood, with clashes continuing in the district's orchards. By the next day, 26 March, SOHR confirmed the military had recaptured the whole of Baba Amr. Meanwhile, fighting was reported in

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On 15 January 2013, government troops overran the village of Basatin al-Hasawiya on the edge of the city. Opposition activists claimed that during the operation pro-government militiamen and soldiers massacred 106 civilians, including women and children, by shooting, stabbing or possibly burning them

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district, and that six or seven rebels were killed from it with up to 70 others hurt. Residents said that they did not know the nature of the gas. The claim of the nerve agent use was supported by Maj-Gen Abdoul-Aziz Jassius al-Shallal, the former chief of the Syrian military police, who had defected

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On 10 October, the pro-government "Al Watan" newspaper said that the Syrian army controlled all of Homs except for a few neighborhoods still being held by the rebels. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said in an email that the Syrian army renewed shelling of the Khalidiya, Jouret Shiyah and Old

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By this time, the city's remaining Christians were trapped by the fighting in the rebel-held districts of Hamidiyeh and Bustan Diwan. A fourth attempt at a negotiated ceasefire, to evacuate the trapped civilians, was underway. However, the chief negotiator felt hopeless. He said that in past attempts

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On 12 June, residents of the rebel-held neighborhood of al-Khalidiyah told Al Jazeera English that they had been trapped in their homes for three days with no electricity or water. Other neighborhoods were targeted by shelling as well. In the district of Bab Amr, which had been retaken by the Army in

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By late April, UN military observers noted a rare lull in the fighting in Homs and by early May, military offensive operations in the city had ceased, although sporadic street fighting and shelling continued. The government controlled most of Homs, with the rebels holding onto 15 to 20 percent of the

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On 2 April, about 40 FSA militants captured the Homs National Hospital in Juret al-Shayah district. They found 78 corpses "stacked in a hospital refrigerator". In renewed fighting on 8 April, mortars were described as falling "like rain" on Khalidiya by an activist. A makeshift hospital was allegedly

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On 20 March, a new round of shelling struck the opposition-held neighborhoods of al-Khalidiya, Qussor, and al-Bayadah in northern Homs and continued into the next day, reportedly killing 14 people. The LCC stated that another 40 people were killed on the second day of the bombardment, including 25 in

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Fleeing residents spoke of the atrocities in the city. Refugees said that government loyalists had rounded up 36 men and boys in Baba Amr and killed them while other witnesses said that loyalists had been cutting the throats of prisoners. Meanwhile, soldiers from an elite army division were defecting

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under the pretext that they were shabiha, following an ambush of armored vehicles in December 2011, during which eight other soldiers were killed. The fighter also showed video, which he claimed was from one of the alleged shabiha prisoners' cellphones, showing the beheading of captured rebels. On 14

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On 8 December, a pipeline carrying oil from the east of the country to a refinery in Homs was blown up, an activist group said. The group said flames could be seen at the site of the explosion; online video footage of the purported blast site showed black clouds of smoke rising above a built-up area.

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On 8 May, the final batch of 270 rebel fighters was expected to leave the city. However, rebels in Aleppo province blocked aid convoys that were supposed to bring food and medical supplies to two besieged government-held Shiite towns per the established agreement. Due to the failure of the rebels to

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On 2 May 2014, a ceasefire agreement had been reached, under which the remaining 1,000 rebel fighters would be allowed to leave Homs and head to the rebel-controlled countryside north of the city. The evacuation was scheduled for the next day. A matter of dispute remained in the agreement on whether

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majority. At least five such bombings during the month killed more than 60 people. Fighters were also turning on comrades they suspected of a desire to desert, pushing them into battle. According to an opposition activist: "We expect Homs to fall. In the next few days, it could be under the regime's

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By 22 April, government troops retook full control of the Jeb al-Jandali neighborhood. At this time, dozens of rebel fighters in Old Homs were trying to surrender, while others wanted to make a last stand and were sending suicide bombers against districts under government control, primarily the ones

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On 19 April, rebels launched a counter-offensive, which started with a suicide car-bomb attack on an Army checkpoint at the entrance of the government-held Jeb al-Jandali neighbourhood. Right before the attack, which killed five soldiers, other soldiers at the checkpoint defected and abandoned their

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On 12 October, Asharq Al-Awsat (a Saudi-linked pan-Arab newspaper) reported upon an exclusive interview with "FSA media and political coordinator Louay Miqdad" that "the Free Syrian Army (FSA) has announced that it is prepared to abide by a "temporary truce" in Homs and Rif Dimashq with Assad forces

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On 21 September 2013, the report "Homs misery 'like siege of Stalingrad'" by The Australian newspaper cited a doctor on location as giving the number remaining trapped in Homs as "3000 people and 1000 are injured, many women and children." The source further described the conditions of those trapped

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By 28 July, most of Khalidiya, estimated to be 70 percent, was under Army control, with fighting continuing on the northern and southern outskirts of the district. According to an Army officer, rebels were still controlling the northern part of Khalidiya. The military advances left only the Old Homs

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By 11 July, rebel forces were preparing to retreat from the city, citing attrition of manpower and overwhelming military bombardment from government forces. Diplomats and opposition sources reported that the last opposition-held areas of Homs were set to fall within days to the Syrian army after the

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On 2 May 2013, the Syrian army, backed by Hezbollah and Iranian fighters, pushed into and regained control of the strategic Wadi al-Sayeh neighborhood. The district is located in-between the rebel-held Old Homs and Khalidiya districts, thus with its capture government forces had cut the link between

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On 10 March, rebels infiltrated the Baba Amr area of Homs under the cover of night. The next morning, they launched an attack on government positions within the district. According to an opposition activist, Army checkpoints barely had time to realise that an attack was under way. Army troops sealed

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On 12 October, the Syrian military launched another series of intense aerial and artillery bombardments on Homs and its surrounding towns. Khalidiya was especially hit hard, a day after the Army suffered heavy losses in an attempt to capture the district. Opposition activists claimed 50 soldiers and

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On 9 October, a resident living in rebel-controlled Hamidiya district described the Syrian army offensive as psychological warfare, saying that the Syrian army made little to no gains in Old Homs districts, being repeatedly repelled by rebel forces. This was in contrast with an opposition activist's

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On 8 October, government forces advanced into the rebel-held Khalidiya district amid heavy fighting and what was described as the most vicious attack by the Army yet. The advance was confirmed by the rebels who stated they were forced to retreat due to the artillery fire destroying several buildings

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Early on 10 June, rebels captured an Air Force missile base north of Homs, with the help of 22 soldiers from the unit stationed there. They looted a number of assault rifles and rocket-propelled-grenades and threatened to fire the missiles at the presidential palace in Damascus if president al-Assad

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said it had received reports of executions in Homs while Avaaz claimed the executed were civilians and that they were beheaded, but this was not confirmed by other sources. Aid groups said they had received the approval from the army to deliver the needed supplies and treatments to citizens but were

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district. A Syrian official speaking on condition of anonymity appeared to confirm that security forces were advancing on Baba Amr to clear it of rebel fighters and suggested that the operation would be over in a matter of hours. However, as more reports emerged in the late afternoon, it seemed that

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activist NGO; the group had been delivering medical aid to Homs. Two others, including a foreigner, remained missing. The foreigner was a paramedic with the group when Avaaz did not reveal his name or nationality, but alerted the country's embassy. "They carried a respirator and medicines," an Avaaz

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still reported the death toll of around 200. The Local Coordination Committees also initially claimed that the death toll was more than 200 people, saying that they were working to confirm the number of deaths. They later revised their figures with a confirmation of 55 deaths. On 5 February, the LCC

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video footage captured by activists showed the family members' dead bodies, with wounds to the head and neck, including the children. There was no comment from Syrian authorities, but a local doctor said "Alawites who had remained in Karm al-Zeitoun mysteriously left four days ago, and the rumor was

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The exiled spokesman of the armed rebels regrouped under the Free Syrian Army. In early January 2012 the FSA called the Arab League mission a failure and stated that they did not want them to stay in Syria even though the Syrian Army withdrew its heavy weapons from the city. The League's mission was

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On 17 July, army tanks and troops deployed and took up positions in Dawar Al Khalidya in Homs and killed at least 30 people. The operation was apparently prompted after three government supporters were kidnapped a week prior and killed, with their dismembered bodies being returned to their relatives

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By mid-March, 1,500 rebels and civilians, 100 of them wounded, were still trapped in Old Homs. They came to feel abandoned and faced only with the choices of abandoning Old Homs or making a last stand to the death. At this time, there was also talk of a truce with government forces, but without any

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On 26 July, government forces advanced further into Khalidiya and the district of Jouret el-Shayah. Soldiers had reached 50 meters from the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque. By the next day, soldiers had entered the mosque area from the eastern side and the Army captured the mosque itself. Government and

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On 3 September, a colonel from the FSA announced the formation of a 'Revolutionary Military Council' in Homs, in a video uploaded to YouTube. In the video, Colonel Fatih Fahd Hasoon announced the formation of the council to unify all FSA brigades in the central Syrian province. He vowed the council

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Around 20 June, rebels launched a full-out offensive on Baba Amr district after rebels reportedly drove hundreds of soldiers from a pair of bases in the district. As a response, the military started using helicopter gunships in the city for the first time while rebel fighters were still holding out

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Then, on 17 June, after intense fighting with government troops at the edge of Baba Amr, opposition activists claimed that rebel fighters reclaimed a large part of the area. However, this was not independently confirmed. The same day, an activist stated that the Army stepped up its offensive on the

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On 9 June, the Syrian Army stormed the rebel-held neighborhood of al-Ghouta and started conducting raids. Shelling was reported in several parts of the city during which 25 people died, including the mayor of the rebel-held neighborhood of al-Khalidiyah, which had been under heavy bombardment since

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On 24 May, a UN panel reported that both the Syrian military and opposition militants had committed a number of human rights violations during the siege thus far. The UN observed that "state security forces continued to use lethal force against anti-government demonstrations in Idlib, Homs, Aleppo,

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killed several people, with civilians and security forces being among the casualties. On 9 February, activists said 93 people were killed in Homs by artillery shelling. Another group of activists gave a lower death toll of 57 dead. On 10 February, an FSA spokesman reported that Ahmed Jumrek, an FSA

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that they believed the attack was part of an elaborate trap set up by Syrian authorities. The two Swiss reporters and Jacquier were part of a group of foreign journalists being escorted through Homs by Syrian soldiers and intelligence officials. Vallelian and Hammouche claimed the soldiers appeared

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On 27 January a brutal sectarian attack took place against Sunni Muslims in the city, killing at least 30 people. Government forces fired heavy mortar rounds on the Karm al-Zeitoun neighborhood of Homs, killing at least 16 people. Armed pro-Assad "shabiha" militiamen subsequently entered a building

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crew managed to smuggle themselves into Homs where they observed the FSA-controlled Baba Amr district, noting the rebel checkpoints erected at the edge of the district. According to a local FSA commander, shabiha and army snipers were positioned in approximately 200 places in Homs and were shooting

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demonstrations in Homs were reportedly met with machine gun fire from security forces, leaving 11 people dead. One week later, on 27 May, another anti-government protest was suppressed by the military in clashes that left three people dead. On 30 May, seven protestors and one member of the security

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Rebels and civilians who rejected the retreat deal in May 2014 concentrated in the Al-Waer neighborhood of Homs which continued to be besieged. A new surrender deal was announced 12 September 2016, that was to bring the al-Waer neighborhood under government control while evacuating about 300 rebel

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On 17 February, Jeffrey White, a fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and a former senior American intelligence official, was quoted by the New York Times claiming that Assad government was conducting barrel-bomb attacks in Homs using Russian-supplied Mi-8 and Mi-17 helicopters.

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By 12 March, heavy fighting was still ongoing in both Khaldiyeh, where government tanks were in action, and Baba Amr, which was being hit by Army rocket fire. It remained unclear how much of Baba Amr the rebels had captured or continued to hold after the latest fighting in the area. Civilians were

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By mid-December 2012, the military had regained control of almost all of Homs, except the Old City and Khalidiya district, where rebels were still holding out under siege by the Army. The rebels continued to exchange sniper and mortar fire with government forces, but for the most part the city was

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On 21 July 2012, a riot began at the central prison's old building. Some guards defected and supported the rioters there. Security forces, however, surrounded the prison and clashed with prisoners leaving 3–4 people dead. Activists said between 5,000 and 6,000 prisoners were in Homs Central Prison

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The Syrian opposition said that, at that point, 30,000 soldiers and pro-government militiamen had amassed at the city. The SNC claimed there was a "looming massacre" approaching by claiming that the government was "getting ready to carry out a savage attack that might massacre the city's remaining

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On 15 June, more fighting erupted with the Army reportedly shelling, among other rebel-held districts, Baba Amr. The FSA Baba Amr brigade claimed to had taken control over a checkpoint leading to the city two days before. The FSA stated their forces made an attempt to reclaim the Baba Amr district

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hung from one side to the other and concrete walls had been erected to prevent Army snipers from having a clear line of sight into Khalidiya; people had to sprint across smaller streets to avoid sniper fire. The FSA commander in Homs, Abdul Razzack Tlas, noted the sniper activity as a violation of

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On 24 March, most rebel forces and a number of civilians retreated from the Bab al-Sbaa district under intense shelling as the military moved in. However, activists reported the district was still under bombardment of heavy shelling as of 26 March, though the FSA presence in the district was small

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reported it had been denied access to Baba Amr, calling it "unacceptable". During the fall of the district, rebels smuggled French journalists Edith Bouvier and William Daniels–the last who remained in the city–into Lebanon in an operation that cost the lives of six FSA members. An FSA

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On 23 January, a military officer at the main city hospital told foreign journalists that rebels had taken control over two-thirds of the city with army casualties being at 4 to 5 dead and 10 to 50 wounded soldiers and security officials per day. The claim was corroborated by the opposition forces

4190:

On the night of 28 October, fierce clashes involving the Free Syrian Army and government forces broke out in Bab al-Sebaa district. The next day, these clashes spread to Baba Amr and al-Qusur. During the street fighting in Bab al-Sebaa, 17 soldiers were killed, while 20 soldiers were killed and 53

5343:

On 9 October, AFP reported that "rebel shelling of one of Syria's two main oil refineries" in Homs city had set the plant on fire. According to the report, "The Homs refinery had a pre-war capacity of 5.7 million tonnes per year but Prime Minister Wael al-Halqi said earlier this month that it was

5308:

On 24 July, it was reported that government bombardment of rebel areas had abruptly ceased "in recent days" in response to rebels firing Grad rockets at government-supporting civilian areas in other parts of the city the previous week. However, on 25 July, more artillery attacks on Khalidiya were

5293:

On 8 July, government forces advanced into Khalidiya. According to the opposition, the Army captured 30 percent of the district, while military sources claimed that they had captured most of the neighborhood. Both sides confirmed government troops had captured areas around the Khalid ibn al-Walid

5172:

On 24 December, the Syrian Army attacked the rebel-held district of Deir Baalba and by 29 December, after several days of heavy fighting, the military had captured the district as rebel forces retreated from the area. The neighborhood had been under siege for months. With the loss of Deir Baalba,

5036:

On 28 June, SANA claimed a number of violent incidents around Homs. In one, a group of rebels reportedly opened fire and killed a professor of al-Baath University in Homs. She was killed along with her mother, father and three of her sister's children. Soon after, security forces clashed with the

4769:

Later in the day, a Syrian official said the Syrian Army had taken full control of Baba Amr. Rebel leaders reported that they pulled out of the district and that some fighters stayed behind to cover the retreat. During their retreat, 17 rebels were captured by the military and executed where they

4610:

On 6 February, there were reports of new shelling in the rebel-held Baba Amr district in which 12-50 people were killed, according to varying activists. Some local residents said that 150 armored vehicles were on the outskirts of the district. On 8 February, activists reported an unverified death

5297:

On 10 July, government forces captured several areas in the Bab Hud district. Heavy artillery strikes continued on Khalidiya, Wadi al-Sayeh, Hamidiya, Bab Hud and Baba al-Turkman. Meanwhile, most civilians had fled Khalidiya, with only rebel fighters and their families remaining, according to an

5514:

During the siege, some analysts noted a shift in tactics informing the Syrian Army's subsequent general approach to war: while the army had been on the front lines during the early stages of the conflict, after the 2012 Baba Amr offensive–when it experienced heavy casualties–the new

5398:

On 6 April, it was initially reported a car-bomb that the rebels were preparing exploded prematurely in Old Homs killing 29 rebel fighters and leaving dozens missing. Later, reports suggested either an ambush by government forces or a Grad missile that hit a rebel ammunition depot in the Jourat

5360:

On 7 February 2014, a three-day truce was signed between the Syrian government and the rebels, under the auspices of the UN to allow the evacuation of civilians from the besieged neighborhoods of Homs. The first day of the operation, 83 people were evacuated from besieged areas of the Old City.

5139:

On 14 October, rebels were advancing towards the Southern Bab Amr district. An opposition spokesman said that "Everyday there are firefights between the regime and the FSA (Free Syria Army) in the Sultaniya neighborhood, The FSA has a lot of battalions in Homs. There are many dead from both the

5080:

On 12 August, the military launched an incursion into the al-Shamas neighborhood and detained 350 people, mostly young men of military age. 10 of those detained were reportedly executed with the fate of the other 340 unknown. The opposition SNC claimed the executed men were civilians, while the

4856:

said some of the children "had been hit with blunt objects on their head, one little girl was mutilated and some women were raped before being killed"; the bodies of the victims were recorded on video. The Syrian government acknowledged that the massacre had taken place, but claimed that "armed

4787:

The Syrian Army's capture of the Baba Amr stronghold provoked multiple reactions from analysts and officials. Taleb Ibrahim, an analyst close to the Syrian government, commented that it was the beginning of the end of Homs' armed opposition. Ayham Kamel, a Middle East analyst, observed that the

4765:

On the morning of 1 March, the situation in Baba Amr was unclear due to a total information blackout; the Revolutionary Council of Homs said they had no news from the district. Avaaz reported that two opposition groups had said that the Syrian Army had not taken the quarter, while another group

4690:

On 27 February, the SOHR reported that 68 corpses were found between the villages of Ram al-Enz and Ghajariyeh and were taken to the central hospital of Homs. The wounds showed that some of the dead were shot while others were killed by cutting weapons. The LCC reported that 64 dead bodies were

4585:

and Syrian citizen journalist Omar Shakir tweeted that the Syrian Army had not entered the district. The FSA vowed to fight back with intense operations against the governments' forces and claimed to have destroyed an air intelligence building in the city. In addition to the civilian deaths, 14

4553:

journalist on the ground saw at least four FSA vehicles moving towards the front line. Video obtained by France 24 later showed the FSA overrunning the former military base in the district. At least four Syrian soldiers were killed in the assault. The next day, it appeared that another military

4194:

In early November, government forces began a clearance operation in response to continued armed resistance in the Homs area by the Free Syrian Army. On 3 November, tanks opened fire on the Baba Amr district, where soldiers were killed several days prior by rebels. By the next day, more than 100

4068:

plan to dissuade the government crackdown. Following the abortive mission, the Syrian Army in February 2012 launched an offensive against Baba Amr, shelling the entire district and blocking all supply routes. In early March, government forces launched a ground assault into Baba Amr, forcing the

5567:

Assad's government had "broken all the limits of barbarism". French Foreign Minister Alain Juppe said. "And when I see the Syrian president paraded around this voting station in Damascus for this phony referendum, it makes you deeply indignant," he told RTL radio. Juppe said he felt "immensely

5266:

On 29 June, government troops launched an offensive on several rebel-held parts of Homs city, pounding the districts with air raids and mortar fire. "Military operations never stopped in Homs, but their pace increases according to priorities," an Army officer told AFP. The military bombardment

5006:

early March, videos appeared showing two government tanks getting blown up at the Kafar Aya checkpoint, one of the largest in the district. Local FSA units reportedly had relaunched attacks in the neighbourhood to decrease the pressure on al-Khalidiyah and other areas which were being shelled.

4847:

On 9 March 2012, the Syrian Army–supported by 30 tanks–entered the quarter of Karm al-Zeitoun and reportedly massacred 21 women and 26 children in the district, some of whom had their throats slit, according to activists. The opposition claimed that the main perpetrators behind the

4812:

left untreated by antibiotics. Baba Amr residents were angry about the FSA's decision to withdraw; one resident called the rebels cowards and argued that if they always planned to withdraw then they should have done so immediately and not after a month-long siege. The rebels had retreated to a

4307:

who regularly filmed security forces cracking down on anti-government protesters in the Baba Amr neighbourhood, of which he was a resident, had died in a local hospital of gunshot wounds on the same day. He was reportedly shot by security forces. His footage appeared on the sites of loose-knit

5351:

In late November, the Army began an assault on the last remaining rebel-held pockets. On the evening of 8 January 2014, a group of 60 rebels from within Old Homs attempted to break the siege of the area. Government forces ambushed them near Khalidiya leaving at least 45 rebel fighters dead in

5285:

During the first two days of the offensive, according to SOHR, 32 government soldiers and militiamen had been killed, of which 24 died on the first day. Another eight government fighters were killed on 4 July. The number of rebels killed was unknown, but eight were reported killed on 5 July.

5073:

On 4 August, state radio claimed that 40 rebel fighters were killed while others were wounded during a military operation in the al-Hamidieh district. The next day, SANA claimed that dozens of rebels were killed and wounded when their ammunition depot exploded in the Jouret Ashayah district.

4269:

On 24 December, thousands of troops entered the city with around 4,000 surrounding the embattled Baba Amr district and digging trenches. The military subsequently assaulted five neighbourhoods and heavy shelling was reported deep into the night. The military continued their shelling until 26

4593:

correspondent in Homs said the district hospital was destroyed and claimed that at least 337 people had been killed and over 1,600 people were injured in the shelling. However, the SNC and Al Arabiya figures were not independently confirmed and several international media outlets, including

5194:

On 20 January, following rebel attempts to advance into new areas of Homs from the countryside, the Army launched a retaliatory offensive, to halt the rebel infiltration. Over three days, between 20 and 22 January, heavy fighting erupted in the western areas of Homs, where 130 soldiers and

4493:

denounced the "murder" of Jacquier, saying it was a "dangerous sign that the authorities have decided to physically liquidate journalists in an attempt to silence neutral and independent media." Anti-government activists in Homs also said the authorities had orchestrated the attack, and

4832:

said Homs had been "completely devastated" in the fighting and said she still heard gunfire while there. Amos was also reportedly stopped from going into areas in Homs still held by the opposition even after Syria's foreign minister had told her she could go to any part of the country.

4099:

On 15 March 2011, a protest movement against the Syrian government, particularly its corruption and repression, began to escalate as simultaneous demonstrations took place in major cities across Syria. The protests spread to Homs on 18 March after online calls for a "Friday of Dignity"

5549:, arbitrary detentions and torture. This atrocious assault is all the more appalling for having been waged by the government itself, systematically attacking its own people". Activists said that government forces were rounding up people aged between 14-50 and executing them in batches. 5326:

On 5 August, Syrian defence minister Fahd Jassem al-Freij met with SAA troops in the captured district of Khalidiya. The state run "SANA" news agency reported that the general conducted a tour of the area and "visited army units restoring security and stability in the neighbourhood".

5461:

On 7 May, the evacuation of rebels from Homs started with two buses transporting the first group of fighters toward rebel-held areas of northern Homs province. In all, more than 960 rebels were evacuated during the day, with another 250 scheduled to be transported out the next day.

4820:

newspaper reported that bodies of foreigners were found, including the body of a European, who allegedly carried the passport of Spanish journalist Javier Espinosa; the Syrian government claimed he "was suspected of commanding a group of rebels". An FSA commander stated that five

5050:

On 5 July, the 29th day of the new military offensive, heavy artillery shelling continued to strike the Joret al-Shayyah neighborhood. Fighting was also underway in the Al Sultania district and locals had abandoned the Baba Amr district which was reportedly completely destroyed.

4413:

district. A resident said "The buildings were six-story buildings. Many families remain missing. It is hard to confirm the exact number of those killed. A video posted on the internet shows two destroyed buildings, reduced to rubble said to have been the two attacked buildings."

5453:

On 3 May, talks on the rebel withdrawal from Homs entered their final phase. According to the provincial governor, the deal "will be applied first in the Old City, then in Waer. The goal is to reach a peaceful solution that brings back security and government institutions."

5278:

On 3 July, an opposition activist stated that the fighting had become from building to building and the military was trying to take the rebel areas a block at a time. He said government forces were "cleaning" the areas of rebel fighters by firing mortar shells at buildings.

5125:

confirmation that the army had "stormed part of Khaldiyeh" and the reported rebel retreat the previous day within the district, which was confirmed by rebel fighters. Also, the Army reported continued advances in the area, where they were reportedly pursuing rebel remnants.

4195:

people, including civilians, were reportedly killed in the operations; several tanks were reportedly destroyed by the FSA during the clashes. On 8 November, it was reported that the Syrian Army took firm control of Baba Amr and that the armed defectors went into hiding.

5515:

approach (tested during the Khalidiya offensive, 2013) consists of putting frontline militias in charge of dislodging the rebel forces, with the army supporting from behind with their superior armaments and air power, then asserting control once the fighting is over.

4691:

found, all adult men. These two sources hypothesized that the victims were civilians who tried to flee the battle in Homs and were then killed by a pro-government militia. However, other activists reported another version of the killings, saying that the victims were

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started at nine in the morning and lasted for three hours before the Army deployed ground troops. Syrian state TV was quoted as saying the Army had "great success" in the battle for Homs, "killing many terrorists in the Khalidiya district". Fighting raged around the

4139:

and Bab Sebaa, as soldiers conducted a manhunt for all known opposition activists and supporters. That day, unidentified gunmen attacked a bus entering the city that was carrying workers who were returning from work in Lebanon, killing ten people and wounding three.

5339:

In late September, it was reported that the Army and rebels in some villages around Homs ceased hostilities, and FSA fighters were present in government-held areas without being molested. There was, however, no discussions on lifting the siege on the Old Homs area.

5313:

Hezbollah forces had also taken control of 60 percent of Khalidiya. That night, state TV broadcast a report with footage from inside the heavily damaged mosque. The footage showed the tomb's dome knocked out and a portion of the mosque appeared to have been burned.

5440:

On 29 April, a double rebel car-bomb attack in the Abbasiyeh neighbourhood of the government-held Zahra district left 168 people dead. Among those killed were 147 civilians, including 46 children, and 12 pro-government fighters. Nine fatalities were unidentified.

4143:

By 10 May, the military had reportedly established total control over Homs. However, the next morning, tank and machine gun fire was heard in the Baba Amr district and in some nearby villages. Five to nine people were reported to have been killed in the clashes.

5457:

On 4 May, talks entered the implementation phase. Under the agreement, relief would be allowed into two Shiite pro-government towns in the northern province of Aleppo besieged by rebels. Also, Iranian and Lebanese prisoners held by the rebels would be released.

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encircled Homs and managed to completely seal off the besieged city, notably by destroying a tunnel. On the morning of 29 February, amid heavy shelling, an activist claimed that the Syrian Army had launched a ground assault with infantry on the embattled

13309: 4534:

In late January-early February, activists reported that the Syrian army killed eight civilians and that 15 government soldiers were killed by defectors; the Syrian army also entered the al-Adawiya district, driving out the Free Syrian Army rebels. The

5120:

A Homs resident living in a rebel-held neighbourhood said that the shelling was very heavy. He added that the Syrian army was currently controlling 75% of the city and that the rest could fall at any moment because of the strength of the Army attack.

5084:

On 13 August, a sergeant in the special forces who had defected claimed that Alawite officers ordered the rape of teenage girls in Homs, who would be shot afterwards. The defected sergeant further said that soldiers who refused were shot by the Army.

5428:

positions. By the next day, opposition forces captured several buildings in the Jeb al-Jandali area. Two of the buildings that were captured were the Al Jala'a swimming pool and a school which government forces attempted to recapture during the day.

5143:

By late October, a Syrian army officer in Homs estimated that 1,500-2,000 rebels were left inside the Old City district. At this time, government troops cleared the Bab al-Sebaa area by capturing a school that was being used as a rebel stronghold.

4967:

statement, approved also by Russia and China, condemned the killings, saying it was "the result of government artillery and tank shellings on a civilian neighbourhood." The government's alleged use of heavy weapons in civilian areas was condemned.

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Following the capture of the district, opposition activists made claims that up to 150–220 people were rounded up by the military, taken to a petrochemical university and executed, with their bodies being burned or taken away. The opposition

5069:

On 29 July, SANA claimed that government troops killed 16 foreign rebel fighters and captured others in the city. The government-run news agency further alleged that a rebel leader, Hamza al-Tesh, was killed in al-Khalidya the following day.

4174:

Throughout September and October there were reported clashes in the northern section of the city, especially the neighborhood of Dayr Baalba. There was also occasional violence in Bab al-Sebaa, Baba Amr and other places. In late September,

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On 6 July, it was reported that the battle was swinging in favor of the Army, as rebels were running low on weapons. By this point, 60 to 70 percent of buildings in Khalidiya had been totally or partially destroyed or made uninhabitable.

4710:

and volunteers who were local Baba Amr activists. Avaaz claimed that this rescue attempt cost the lives of between 13 and 23 volunteers, out of the 35 that Avaaz sent, though this claim was later disputed by Paul Conroy in his 2013 book

7200: 12789: 13750: 3138: 4990:. Several of the FSA fighters were former civilians and some were army defectors. The video showed them coordinating via radio and had made holes connecting one building to the next so they would not have to use the open streets. 8471: 5140:

regime and the FSA." He added that "very few civilians remain in the neighborhoods around Homs." There was intense fighting in the Bab Hud and Bab al-Turkman districts with an unknown number of people on both sides being killed.

4470:

that Jacquier was killed when a rocket targeted a pro-Assad rally in an Alawite quarter of Homs, although another journalist said that Jacquier had been travelling in a vehicle with other journalists that had been hit by an RPG.

1204: 13856: 5101:

On 5 October 2012, Homs experienced its worst bombardment in months when warplanes, tanks and artillery fired missiles and mortars at rebel controlled neighborhoods, including Old Homs, Khaldiya, Qusour and Jouret el-Shayah.

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and Deir Sinbal areas of Syria, makeshift prisons were reportedly set up by the FSA for captured soldiers. The sources for the panel's report included eyewitness accounts from FSA fighters who were involved in the killings.

4198:

On 24 November, a number of defecting soldiers were killed and four wounded during clashes on the western outskirts of Homs. Later, the military conducted raids against farms further to the west, killing another 15 people.

2252: 4375:, just outside Homs. HRW said his account was corroborated by other witnesses, including a detainee who said that among 150 people being held at one site were people who worked with journalists, defectors, and protesters. 2812: 14943: 18843: 1021: 13218: 5173:

rebel forces were left only with Khalidiya and the Old City as the last remaining neighborhoods under their control. The next day, the military launched barrages of rockets into the remaining rebel-held neighborhoods.

4248:

On 9 December, fears of a massacre by government forces were building, due to a build up of troops, shabiha government militia, and checkpoints; "500" tanks were claimed to have been seen on the outskirts of the city.

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During the afternoon of 9 May, the last of the rebels retreated from Homs after the aid convoys were allowed to enter the Shiite towns. Shortly after, hundreds of residents of Old Homs started to return to the area.

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February, an FSA commander told reporters that his men had repelled a ground assault on Baba Amr, saying that four Army tanks had been destroyed when they tried to enter, although his claims could not be verified.

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On 5 September, Breaking News Network reported that 40 rebels where killed during clashes with the Syrian Army in Bab Hud neighborhood, 32 more rebels were killed in a qualitative operation, Sham media reported.

4548:

On 1 February 2012, the Free Syrian Army assaulted the government-controlled Bab Dreeb district, which was used as a staging area for Syrian army raids and for shelling other districts such as Karm al-Zeitoun. A

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fighters to the northern Homs countryside. The rebels began the execution of the deal on 22 September. However, the deal was put on hold in November 2016, with Syrian Army resuming its assault on the district.

5040:

On 29 June, according to SANA, another rebel group leader was killed during fighting in the Joret al-Shayyah quarter of Homs. Other rebels were killed when an explosive device exploded in their weapons cache.

5235:

forced to flee, as the army fired heavy machine guns into the district. The UN food agency said the renewed violence in Baba Amr has forced at least 3,000 families to leave their homes in the contested area.

4576:

Following the killing of ten Syrian Army soldiers at a checkpoint and the capture of 19 by FSA fighters on the night of 3 February and into the early hours of 4 February–on the 30th anniversary of the

3131: 5181:

reported that about 150 charred bodies were found in the Deir Baalba neighborhood. However, there was no independent verification of the claims and one opposition activist was able to count only 27 bodies.

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fighters had been killed in Homs province since August 2011. By this point, there were talks among the rebels in Qusayr, where most of the surviving Baba Amr rebels fled, of Homs being abandoned entirely.

4455:

among others, was among several people killed in Homs, becoming the first foreign journalist to have died in the civil war. A witness in Homs, who asked not to be named, said the casualties were caused by

4037:, the Syrian military conducted a crackdown against anti-government protesters in Homs, some of whom were armed and fired on security forces. Though government forces had succeeded in temporarily quelling 1197: 4993:

On 8 June 2012, it was reported that shelling had picked up in the FSA-held al-Kalidiyah, at a rate of 10 shells per minute. Following the shelling, the Syrian Army made an attempt to storm the district.

4079:

In early March 2013, government forces launched an assault into several opposition-controlled neighborhoods, but the rebels–reinforced by units that arrived from the nearby rebel-controlled town of

4975:, a young Syrian filmmaker who had filmed Homs during the conflict and had appeared on a show discussing the army's siege of the city, was killed in Homs after being fired upon by pro-government forces. 4237:(SOHR) said an activist on the ground reported seeing "the bodies of 34 civilians, in a square in the pro-regime neighbourhood of Al-Zahra, who had been abducted by the shabiha on Monday", according to 14364: 12168: 13814: 6198: 5545:"A major assault on Homs took place yesterday," Ban told the U.N. General Assembly in New York City on 2 March 2012. "Civilian losses have clearly been heavy. We continue to received grisly reports of 1757: 5942: 18559: 13694: 11039: 4959:

region near Homs, in which 108 people were killed and 300 injured. The UN would later conclude that shabiha militiamen and Syrian soldiers were the perpetrators. On 26 May, British foreign secretary

4589:

The Syrian National Council claimed 416 residents were killed in the massive shelling. They also cited residents as saying at least 36 houses were completely destroyed with families still inside. An

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that the Army had not entered the district. Meanwhile, it was reported that some FSA leaders had already escaped Baba Amr despite the FSA's Farouq Brigades stating they would fight to the last man.

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stacked with 40 bodies which the opposition were desperately trying to keep cool with fans. An activist said they may have to be buried "in public gardens" due to a lack of other feasible options.

3124: 2805: 4171:

By September 2011, sectarian bloodshed, such as assassinations of academics without clear ties to protestors nor to the central government, played a larger role in Homs than in the rest of Syria.

18848: 2599: 1190: 1014: 5275:

On 30 June, the second day of the offensive, government forces were attacking the old covered market which is located in Old Homs. Fighting was also ongoing in the Bab Hud district of Old Homs.

4353:'s military intelligence service until August 1995, when he was appointed head of external security in Sudan. "During the early 1990s, the military intelligence in Sudan was responsible for the 17395: 14033: 12198: 5216:. The neighborhoods attacked were the Old City, Jouret al-Shiah, Khaldiyeh, and Qarabees. It was reported to be the worst fighting in months as scores of dead on both sides were accounted for. 3545: 3453: 1575: 383: 13786: 5671: 5282:

During the evening of 5 July, government forces managed for the first time to breach Khalidiya, capturing several buildings in the district after breaking the rebel's first line of defenses.

5025:

On 19 June, widespread clashes around Baba Amr were reportedly continuing and black smoke was seen rising from the area after an oil pipeline was said to have been destroyed in the fighting.

4986:

On 6 June, a CNN report showed Cairo St. (Al-Qahira St.) being a frontline between the FSA who controlled the district of al-Kalidiya and the Syrian government who controlled the district of

4226:

infiltrators", a reference to pro-government militiamen. According to Ramsay's account, Homs was by now undoubtedly a war zone which had already entered into a state of full-scale civil war.

3924: 2040: 1750: 920: 12801: 8730: 7204: 5201:

On 14 February, the Syrian army captured the southwestern Jobar district, after rebels withdrew from the area. A week before, the military had also seized the southwestern Kafraya district.

5466:

uphold their side of the agreement, government forces blocked the remaining rebels in Old Homs from leaving. The convoys were not allowed to enter the towns the previous day as well by the

4064:

neighbourhood of Homs and, through early November, successfully defended it from government counterattacks. In late December, an Arab mission was sent to monitor the situation following an

3681: 2238: 6900: 4151:

villages in the Homs area were also reportedly targeted by the military operation. On 12 May, it was reported that security forces arrested a veteran human rights campaigner, Naji Tayara.

3026: 2798: 17461: 8475: 17669: 16144: 11403: 5395:

On 31 March 2014, government troops captured two towers in the 7th Island area in the al-Waer neighborhood, as well as several buildings in the al-Jazira al-Sab'a area of the district.

4091:

In early May 2014, following an agreement reached between the government and the opposition, rebel forces were allowed to evacuate the city, leaving Homs under full government control.

1007: 5541:

says he has received "grisly reports" that Syrian government forces are arbitrarily executing, imprisoning and torturing people in Homs after opposition fighters in Bab Amr retreated.

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running at 10 percent of that. The other main plant at Banias on the Mediterranean coast -- heartland of the Assad regime -- is still refining at 80 percent of capacity, Halqi said."

3818: 1568: 12827: 17453: 12077: 4187:(FSA), which consisted of many defected Syrian army officers, repeatedly ambushed government security forces around Baba Amr and, through early November, became its garrison force. 4122: 3917: 3537: 2033: 913: 12735: 5238:

On 14 March, the Syrian army reportedly shelled the Bab Hud, al-Turkman, Bab Dreib, Bab Tadmur and al-Sefsafa neighborhoods. 20 rebels and 22 soldiers were killed in the fighting.

17772: 14752: 14646: 4229:

On 4 December, heavy fighting raged during which at least five FSA insurgents were killed and one wounded. Around 5 December, 61 people were reported to be dead, 34 Sunnis and 27

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League of Arab States Observer Mission to Syria: Report of the Head of the League of Arab States Observer Mission to Syria for the period from 24 December 2011 to 18 January 2012

5323:

On 1 August, rebels launched rockets into the Wadi Dahab district of Homs, causing massive explosions at a weapons depot that killed at least 40 people and injured at least 120.

4715:. Conroy states that Avaaz charged reporters Rémi Ochlik and Edith Bouvier $ 3000 to enter Baba Amr a week prior, using the same route and tunnel that he used to escape. Avaaz's 14951: 13886: 12403: 5212:

On 3 March 2013, government troops launched a major offensive into rebel-held territory in Homs, where the rebels by now had been reinforced by rebel units arriving from nearby

5054:

On 9 July, a new round of artillery fire hit Joret al-Shayyah, al-Khalidiyah and Old City and fighting was continuing in Al Sultania. Seven soldiers were killed in the clashes.

4299:

that at least 61 civilians had died in the shelling of Homs in recent days but reported a withdrawal of Syrian army tanks and a halt to ongoing military operations in the city.

4042: 3019: 14849: 12635: 5424:

On 18 April, a car-bomb exploded in a government-held district near a mosque killing 14 people, while Army troops captured a church in Old Homs and were continuing to advance.

4464:

that the attack was carried out by mortars. The SOHR quoted local activists as saying the journalists had been near the Akrama neighbourhood at the time. A BBC journalist told

4038: 17090: 16963: 16729: 16510: 15830: 15701: 4341:, described Lt. Gen. Mustafa al-Dabi as a "senior officer with an oppressive regime that is known to repress opposition", adding that there are fears he might not be neutral. 821: 806: 791: 776: 731: 716: 11309: 18726: 17510: 10699: 3507: 14563: 13360: 4084:–repelled the attacks. In mid-March, rebels attempted to retake Baba Amr but were forced to pull back later in the month. In late March and early April, the Lebanese 18828: 18823: 18818: 18813: 16897: 4345:, a prominent Paris-based dissident, urged the Arab League to replace Dabi or reduce his authority. "We know his history and his shallow experience in the area," he said. 2842: 2592: 13232: 17173: 16348: 16164: 15801: 10972: 5887: 5204:

On 20 February, rebel activists distributed video of what they claimed was the destruction in the Al-Qarabis district after they reportedly stormed it and took control.

3446: 3237: 3162: 1061: 761: 751: 14440: 14077: 8001: 6699: 6292: 18539: 15561: 12760: 11864: 11121: 5242:

the Jobar section of the city. End of March and early April 2013, government forces were only able to hold on to critical territory in Homs city due to the support of

4669:

and others of the "absolutely sickening" indiscriminate attacks on civilians by government forces. It was speculated that the journalists were targeted. The editor of

4211:. The Syrian government vowed to "cut every evil hand" of the attackers as a result. The Free Syrian Army claimed responsibility for the attack on the air base staff. 14622: 5305:

On 22 July, opposition activists claimed Army shelling had destroyed the historic mausoleum of a companion of the Prophet Mohammed in the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque.

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in the neighbourhood and massacred 14 members of a Sunni family. The Bahader family was found shot and hacked to death, including eight children under the age of 9.

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Some 70,000 protesters gathered in central Homs during the official visit of the Arab League observer mission and were later dispersed by tear gas. The head of the

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that they did so on orders by the authorities. Today we know why. We also have seventy people wounded. Field hospitals themselves are coming under mortar fire."

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On 7 August 16 civilians, mostly Alawites and Christians, were killed by rebel forces. The same day, SANA claimed that seven rebels were killed during clashes.

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Mosque. In a desperate attempt, rebels threatened they would blow themselves up along with government forces if the Army managed to enter the mosque complex.

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L’ASL annonce des bataille de libération de Hama et Maarat al-Numan, à défaut de les remporter pendant que le Front al-Nosra part en guerre contre les Druzes

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On 9 February 611 civilians out of the besieged neighborhoods: 210 women, 180 children, 91 men in age above 55, and 130 young men surrendered according to

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On 18 December, six soldiers, including an officer, were killed in fierce clashes between regular army units and defectors near the provincial town of

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the day before. With the capture of al-Ghouta the Army had completely encircled the city's rebel-held areas and cut them off from the outside world.

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reported that its church in the Hamida district of Homs had been seized by rebels, who then set up a hospital inside the church's Isahakyan school.

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to send observers to monitor the situation on the ground along with agreeing to withdraw army equipment from cities. On 27 December, activists told

17021: 16283: 16172: 15459: 15382: 14720: 12805: 10318: 8734: 4045:, their early May operation in Homs failed in quickly subduing the civil resistance. By September, sectarian clashes and bloodshed in Homs between 2964: 1721: 1608: 1592: 1218: 442: 399: 12905: 12687: 7460: 5917: 18649: 18564: 18534: 17148: 17051: 16981: 16902: 16822: 16578: 15929: 15924: 15485: 14875: 10632:"Independent International Commission of Inquiry established pursuant to resolution A/HRC/S-17/1 and extended through resolution A/HRC/Res/19/22" 8672: 7712: 6908: 3789: 3779: 3774: 3205: 3155: 3076: 2997: 2921: 2664: 2285: 1372: 1338: 14593: 14520: 14495: 14470: 14089: 13764: 13411: 11470: 7160: 4784:

vowed to continue to fight until the fall of the regime and claimed that his fighters had to leave due to the poor conditions of the civilians.

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newspaper reported that 37 rebel fighters were killed in the fighting. Video footage was posted online reportedly showing a captured government

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militia fully intervened in the siege, reinforcing Syrian government forces. In late July, government forces captured the Khalidiya district.

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frustrated" at difficulties in obtaining security guarantees to enable wounded civilians and Western journalists to be evacuated from Homs.

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During this time, the military blew up the last of the rebel smuggling tunnels going into Old Homs, leaving the area completely sealed off.

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that also left one civilian dead. According to the SOHR, "Three armoured vehicles were destroyed and those inside were wounded and killed".

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stating that they had indeed managed to wrestle control of over half the city and local residents also largely corroborated these reports.

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On 23 December, opposition activists claimed that the Syrian army launched bombs containing poisonous gas against rebel positions in the

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News showed film from the military hospital in Homs showing evidence of torture and abuse among injured civilians, including evidence of

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stated that 181 people had been killed. At least 30 buildings, including a hospital, were destroyed or severely damaged in the shelling.

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On 24 January, the Local Coordination Committee reported that at least 18 people were killed when the army shelled two buildings in the

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On 13 March 2017, the first batch of remaining rebels in the Waer neighbourhood agreed to leave Homs with their families and depart to

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In mid-February, seven civilian activists were found executed by the Syrian government because they had been collaborating with the

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At the same time, BBC News reported that in the rest of the city, which is government-controlled, a 'fragile calm' had returned.

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being used by FSA forces; it bore two rebel flags and was seen firing with armed men in civilian clothes taking cover behind it.

3808: 3550: 3411: 2957: 2915: 2376: 1869: 1653: 1072: 847: 842: 837: 832: 827: 7348: 4902:'s UN-led truce that was implemented the same day. On 15 April, the Syrian Army was reported to be shelling the neighborhood of 3764: 18746: 18674: 17777: 17549: 17529: 17325: 17061: 16446: 15858: 15531: 13240: 11602: 8782: 4338: 4337:

Activists and human rights groups strongly criticized the head of the Arab League monitors and his remarks; Omar Idilbi of the

3492: 3363: 3071: 3059: 3043: 2489: 2290: 2011: 1920: 1397: 1166: 879: 15168:"Mock Homs at Your Own Risk: The epicenter of Syria's revolt has long been the butt of jokes. But Homs may get the last laugh" 6597: 6062: 18803: 18589: 17471: 17443: 17212: 17113: 16872: 16797: 16737: 16471: 16381: 16328: 15754: 14448: 12854: 12270: 11737: 10729: 9470: 9427: 7786: 4780:

commander later stated that out of 250 rebel fighters defending the district, 114 were killed in the fighting. FSA commander

4026:. The siege lasted three years from May 2011 to May 2014, and ultimately resulted in an opposition withdrawal from the city. 3984: 3823: 3477: 3380: 3313: 3146: 2733: 2634: 2523: 2371: 2315: 2123: 1959: 1839: 980: 661: 12768: 4489:, condemned the killing and called on Syrian authorities to shed "full light" on the circumstances of Jacquier's death. The 17799: 17539: 17404: 17256: 16887: 16608: 16603: 15521: 15377: 14794: 13830: 10834: 9922: 6338: 4323:, said that the Syrian government did not permit the Arab observers to tour the streets or to visit Baba Amr neighborhood. 3648: 3522: 3385: 3328: 3279: 2746: 2354: 2325: 1964: 1844: 1691: 888: 13594: 12935: 11681: 11496: 11444: 11199: 10926: 10546: 9030: 6040: 5642: 5486: 4808:, leg breaking, beatings with whips and electrical cables, being shackled to beds, penises tied to prevent urination, and 18756: 17951: 17143: 16660: 16486: 15764: 13078: 11225: 7009: 6110: 5895: 5597: 4771: 4234: 3623: 3395: 3199: 2764: 2469: 2464: 2335: 2097: 1129: 17814: 13440: 9748: 5165:

that, based on the video of the victims, "It just doesn't jibe with chemical weapons". The Israeli vice prime minister,

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On 2 July, the rebel-held districts of Joret al-Shayyah, al-Khalidiyah and Old City came under sustained Army shelling.

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journalists blamed Syrian authorities for the death of Jacquier. Patrick Vallelian and Sid Ahmed Hammouche told the

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On the morning of 14 April, major shelling occurred in the districts of Juret al-Shayah and al-Qarabis, violating

4060:(FSA) brigade consisting of many defected army officers repeatedly ambushed government security forces around the 18689: 18035: 17633: 17575: 17026: 16892: 16817: 16655: 16476: 16401: 14390: 7924: 4964: 4858: 2970: 2781: 2659: 2459: 2090: 1903: 1410: 1143: 263: 17315: 14925: 6150: 3358: 18493: 17941: 17544: 17222: 16867: 16690: 16635: 16583: 16436: 16361: 16298: 16229: 16043: 15297: 11682:"Authorities Clash with Terrorists in Aleppo, Kill Prominent Member of al-Nusra Front in Damascus- SANA, Syria" 10393: 7568: 6457: 6414: 6377: 5410: 4789: 4354: 4331: 3628: 3422: 3318: 2721: 2505: 2408: 2216: 1954: 1854: 1809: 1451: 577: 215: 17118: 13209:"Former Syrian political prisoner with Saudi ties becomes head of main opposition group - The Washington Post" 12828:"Syria Update, March 14, 2013 (Institute of Middle Eastern, Islamic, and Strategic Studies. By Sherifa Zuhur)" 11942: 10848: 10419: 4775:

then prevented by soldiers, amid suspicions it was to cover up crimes they were in process of committing. The

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Artillery firing on Homs (left) and smoke subsequently rising from shelled buildings (right), 25 February 2012

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On 25 November 2011, six elite pilots, one technical officer and three other personnel were killed in Homs in

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On 10 April, the military launched a major offensive against the Old Homs area. On 14 April, pro-government

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On 13 March, opposition activists posted video online purporting to show the army shelling Karm al-Zeitoun.

3517: 18751: 18664: 18622: 18025: 17495: 17217: 17158: 17031: 16787: 16782: 16543: 16523: 16416: 16411: 16371: 16256: 15734: 15662: 15167: 14012:"Syrie : régime et opposition s'accusent d'avoir violé la trêve humanitaire à Homs - L'Orient-Le Jour" 13158: 12665: 12360: 10951: 10515: 10467: 10047: 9287: 8526: 8080: 6848: 5421:

During this time, the Syrian Opposition Coalition issued an urgent appeal as fears of a new massacre grew.

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the UN ceasefire, even though the UN said that neither side was completely abiding by the ceasefire rules.

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By the end of 2011, the FSA's Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade continued to control the Baba Amr neighbourhood.

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mission reports, however, indicated that Jacquier was killed by mortar shells fired by opposition forces.

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The siege of the rebel-held Waer district continued until 21 May 2017, when the rebels evacuated the area.

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toll of 48 people killed. They also reported that tanks had entered the al-Inshaat neighborhood. In the

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state TV later claimed a colonel was captured by an "armed terrorist group" in the city on 11 January.

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began in March 2011, and clashes between security forces and protestors in Homs intensified in April.

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On 30 May, opposition video allegedly showed that the military had recommenced shelling of the city.

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the rebel-held al-Waer district, which is not connected to Old Homs, would be included in the deal.

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soldiers and five army defectors were also killed in the shelling and fighting, according to SOHR.

4457: 3725: 3603: 3555: 3262: 3189: 3184: 3099: 2975: 2849: 2774: 2706: 2538: 2393: 2330: 2206: 1814: 1296: 559: 14661: 13478: 12199:"'Chemical weapons were used on Homs': Syria's military police defector tells of nerve gas attack" 11226:"Authorities Continue Crackdown on Terrorist Groups in Douma, Deir Ezzor, Hama, Homs and Lattakia" 6269: 6172: 18040: 17999: 17989: 17784: 17638: 17559: 17364: 17227: 17056: 17046: 16792: 16772: 16558: 16308: 16278: 16261: 16139: 15791: 13505: 10156: 8757: 8365: 6875: 6789: 5219:

By 6 March, government forces were bombarding the Old City and Khaldiyeh for four straight days.

4490: 4399: 4316: 4176: 4034: 3249: 3002: 2992: 2628: 2563: 2196: 2154: 1819: 1726: 1709: 1508: 1426: 1348: 1089: 13520:"Syrian troops capture historic mosque in central city of Homs amid fierce government offensive" 6487:

The Independent, 'Arab league observers arrive in Syria to monitor crackdown', 27 December 2011

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On 11 July, Joret al-Shayyah was still being shelled and the district of Qarabees was also hit.

3529: 18617: 17554: 17359: 17320: 16971: 16922: 16877: 16847: 16461: 16421: 16396: 16386: 16244: 16219: 16109: 16072: 16048: 15848: 14322: 14301: 14280: 14234:"Syrian forces try seize rebel-held areas of Homs, weakened by defections and cut supply lines" 14186: 14165: 12432: 11632: 11559: 11155: 10904: 9725: 8708: 8300: 8169: 8135: 7921:"Syria: Head of Arab League Observers General Mustafa al-Dabi Accused of 'Human Rights Abuses'" 7898: 7846: 7763: 7646: 7516: 7430: 7270: 7132:"Syria enters in civil war with combat between Syrian army soldiers defectors Al Jazeera Video" 6939: 5814: 5702:"The SSNP 'Hurricane' in the Syrian Conflict: Syria and South Lebanon Are the Same Battlefield" 5589: 4639: 4624: 3850: 3784: 3633: 3400: 3243: 2890: 2855: 2824: 2769: 2727: 2690: 2388: 2149: 2112: 1891: 1879: 1683: 1658: 1524: 1485: 1455: 1318: 1306: 1242: 1077: 419: 15069: 13519: 11893: 11802: 11659: 11099: 10787: 10107: 10077: 10021: 9805: 9587: 9169: 9060: 8977: 5965: 5840: 5364:

On 8 February, both sides are accused of having broken the truce but the operation continued.

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would "free Syria from the brutal gangs of Assad's regime," and named himself as its leader.

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that were being used by the opposition fighters as a barrier between them and the military.

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30,000 70,000 Syrians rally as Arab monitors visit Homs; tanks seen leaving flashpoint city

7382: 7356: 7245:"Six Elite Syrian Pilots 'Killed in Ambush' In Homs Province Military Says in TV Statement" 5602: 4460:(RPGs) fired during a pro-Assad rally, while a journalist who was with Jacquier told CNN's 4238: 4179:

forced several rebel groups to flee to Homs. In late October, one of the rebel groups, the

3989: 3368: 3338: 2716: 2430: 1943: 1885: 1668: 1663: 1462: 985: 345: 190: 14343: 12957: 11984: 11823: 4695:, from the same sect as the president. The bodies were recovered in pro-government areas. 3884: 8: 18423: 18378: 18343: 17855: 17659: 17438: 17103: 16939: 16293: 16273: 16094: 16077: 15978: 15880: 15657: 14365:"As Syrian army steps up Homs offensive, rebels look for exit or prepare for final fight" 13942:"Syria's three-way war: Free Syrian Army rebels fight the regime and, now, the Islamists" 13213: 12248: 12028: 11424: 10901:"Syrian rebel army briefly seizes air missile base; government helicopters fire on towns" 8293:"Head of Arab mission to Syria denies disarray; activists carrying aid stopped at border" 7738: 6236: 5010:

and had got to the entrance of the neighbourhood, but were repelled by Army helicopters.

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rebel forces decided to "sacrifice" the country's third-largest city to the government.

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gangs" in the district killed them. The Syrian National Council called for an emergency

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Al-Assad forces - FSA contest over control of Homs Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)

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Syria: FSA kill 60 Hezbollah fighters, retake town Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English)

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Rebels and civilians prepare to evacuate the Waer neighbourhood of Homs and head to

5136:

On 13 October, the military reported killing 25 rebels in the Bab al-Hood district.

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were also injured during the attack. The day before her death, Colvin had spoken to

18398: 18388: 18368: 18358: 18263: 18253: 18248: 18186: 18145: 18130: 17835: 17485: 17369: 16695: 16618: 16204: 16028: 15983: 15934: 15917: 15912: 15759: 15724: 15352: 15313: 11334: 11203: 6066: 5213: 5185: 5169:, also voiced doubt at the rebel claims, citing the lack of corroboration to them. 5166: 5114: 4885:

and inconsequential. Another activist later confirmed the capture of the district.

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and feared a massacre. Later, it was reported that the mutiny had been crushed.

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city, with a similar percentage of territory still being contested. In May, the

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remaining rebel-held areas of the center of the city would fall within a week.

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said Britain would co-ordinate a "strong response" to the Houla massacre and a

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It was reported on 12 February that an FSA fighter had told British journalist

4498:, an Arab campaigner with international activist non-governmental organization 4350: 4300: 4128: 4123:

Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (May–August 2011) § 5 May – Siege of Homs

4073: 3954: 3889: 3570: 1643: 1416: 1236: 1135: 950: 439: 427: 177: 18081: 15265: 15040:"Syria Violence: Wounded Journalists Escape, Military Pounds Opposition Areas" 12169:"Gas used in Homs leaves seven people dead and scores affected, activists say" 10620: 8497: 7131: 7106: 5382: 4652: 18797: 18408: 18373: 18328: 18298: 18278: 18233: 18221: 18068: 17845: 16199: 16114: 11556:"Civilians executed in Homs round-up as army shells Aleppo: Syria opposition" 11544:

Authorities Storm Terrorist Hideout in Damascus, Pursue Mercinaries in Aleppo

10757:"Smell of death lingers in Syrian massacre village as UN monitors gain entry" 10619:

PanARMENIAN.Net, "Catholicos Aram I condemns Armenian church attack in Homs"

5987: 5672:"Iran's Hizbullah sends more troops to help Assad storm Aleppo, fight Sunnis" 4960: 4805: 4781: 4461: 4410: 4342: 4219: 4132: 2610: 2607: 1638: 1551: 107: 94: 14926:"Syrian fighters begin evacuating from last rebel-held neighborhood in Homs" 8902: 8876:"85 Martyrs till now 4-2-2012 | Local coordination committees of Syria" 8556: 7839:"Head of Syrian monitors reports Homs is calm but calls for further inquiry" 18844:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government

18338: 18313: 18288: 18283: 18091: 17729: 17674: 13524: 11152:"Free Syrian Army calls on Kurdish brothers to join fight as clashes erupt" 9536:"Fears for journalists left in Syria as Paul Conroy is evacuated from Homs" 8677: 4944: 4739: 4716: 4648: 4568: 4510: 4495: 18839:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Free Syrian Army

14850:"Video: Rebels + their families evacuate last rebel-held district in Homs" 12636:"Rebels gain control of a Homs neighbourhood that was ravaged by fighting" 9722:"Syrian National Council forms military body; rebels pull out of Baba Amr" 8527:"'Hundreds of casualties in Syria's Homs' in army assault on Syria's Homs" 6132:

http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/TheAssadRegime-web.pdf

5709: 4530:

Anti-government protest in the Bab Dreeb district of Homs, 3 February 2012

4386: 18736: 18418: 18348: 18333: 18308: 15157: 9671:"Syria Forces Threaten to 'Clean' Rebel City; Assad Branded War Criminal" 9474: 9431: 8850:"Syria Under Fire 4-2-2012 | Local coordination committees of Syria" 8162:"French journalist killed, other reporters wounded in Homs rocket attack" 5538: 5258: 5255:

those two areas and they had become completely separated and surrounded.

4572:

Districts listed on the map saw fighting or shelling during February 2012

4503: 4482: 4444: 4391: 4261: 4065: 4050: 18834:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the al-Nusra Front

14391:"Syrian rebels warn of potential Homs massacre as regime troops advance" 14059:

Gordon, Michael R.; Sanger, David E.; Schmitt, Eric (17 February 2014).

13695:"Syrian TV: Troops capture key Homs neighborhood - Steubenville, Winte…" 13310:"Shells smash into Aleppo prison; rebels, regime battle in, near ancie…" 11519:"Sixteen Syrians, mostly Alawite and Christian, die in attack, says NGO" 11497:"Armed Forces Continue Chasing Gulf and Turkish Militias in Neighborho…" 10594: 5866:"Rights group cites Syrian opposition for 'serious human rights abuses'" 4881:

Khalidiya. There were reports that the military also entered Khalidiya.

4521: 18101: 11629:"Iranian officers led Syrian regime militias in Homs: defected general" 10827:"Rebels battle in Assad stronghold of Damascus - Times-Standard Online" 9374:"125 Civilians Killed in Syria, Including 68 in Homs Region 'Massacre'" 7156: 6744:"Syrian forces use soccer stadiums as prisons, human rights groups say" 6620: 5387: 5263:

On 28 June 2013, the Army captured the town of Al-Qariatayn near Homs.

5222: 5157: 5015: 4987: 4899: 4872: 4861:

meeting to discuss the massacre, which it said took place on 11 March.

4612: 4590: 4296: 4202: 1212: 13672: 7783:"Head of Syria monitors says "nothing frightening" in Homs – AlertNet" 4655:

were killed when a rocket hit their safe house. Another photographer,

18393: 14890:"Surrender talks fall apart in last rebel-held district of Homs city" 14820: 12906:"Syria Live Coverage: Will the Arab League Recognise the Opposition?" 9923:"Rare inside view of Syria's rebels finds a force vowing to fight on" 9467:

Under the Wire. Besieged and Critically Injured. My Escape from Syria

9424:

Under the Wire. Besieged and Critically Injured. My Escape from Syria

8136:"102 killed across Syria as bloody crackdown on opposition continues" 5503: 5491: 5243: 5110: 4919: 4801: 4661: 4550: 4466: 4085: 251: 12790:

Battle for Aleppo international airport in Syria’s north intensifies

4270:

December, killing 33–34 people on the third day of the bombardment.

4131:, the Syrian military confronted and clashed with protesters, after 3461: 38: 18111: 18059: 15282: 15256: 15243: 15182:

No Return to Homs: A case study on demographic engineering in Syria

11122:"Pipeline blast and clashes reported in Homs' Bab Amr this morning" 10319:"Syria army shell rebel strongholds; 10 civilians, 4 soldiers dead" 6524: 6522: 6256: 6254: 5467: 5433: 5047:

On 3 July, the military made an attempt to storm Joret al-Shayyah.

4911: 4809: 4797: 4733: 4692: 4616: 4432: 4349:

also criticized General Dabi, saying that he led Sudanese dictator

4312:

said it was investigating the circumstances surrounding the death.

4215: 4136: 4061: 4053:

played a larger role in the Homs unrest than in the rest of Syria.

4046: 653: 13857:"Islamist group in Syria calls on rebel forces to unite behind it" 11471:"Syrian troops kill 40 insurgents in Homs amid violence elsewhere" 10175:"Syrian activists claim 16 people killed in Homs reprisal attacks" 9843:"Assad's security forces 'have beheaded 17 civilians in Baba Amr'" 6616:"BBC News – Middle East unrest: Syria arrests Damascus protesters" 4719:

later put the volunteer death toll at 23 deaths out of 50 people.

3041: 2055: 15276: 12802:"Newser - Headline News Summaries, World News, and Breaking News" 10420:"Syria promises to pull forces from population centers - CNN.com" 9394: 9344: 8974:"At least 12 killed as Syrian forces bombard Homs, activists say" 8952:"BBC News – Syria Assad: Army massacres 'scores' in city of Homs" 8731:"Syrian opposition: 416 civilians dead in Assad's regime assault" 8391:"UN Council urged to act fast on Syria as Assad forces push back" 7891:"Syria's opposition calls for Arab League head monitor's removal" 4849: 4751: 4703: 4675:

also said he believed Colvin had been targeted. French president

4595: 4452: 4419: 4230: 4223: 4148: 1590: 1029: 237: 13433:"Army shelling destroys historic Syrian shrine: NGO - FRANCE 24" 10070:"Foreign jihadists fighting in Syria battlefields, analysts say" 9085:. Local Coordination Committees. 9 February 2012. Archived from 8927:. Local Coordination Committees. 26 January 2012. Archived from 8878:. Local Coordination Committees. 26 January 2012. Archived from 8852:. Local Coordination Committees. 26 January 2012. Archived from 8701:"Obama asks Assad to 'step aside,' condemns mass murder in Homs" 6901:"Police Storm Yemen Protest; Syrian Army Fires on Demonstrators" 6519: 6251: 6173:"Inside Syria's Death Zone: Assad's Regime Hunts People in Homs" 5186:

January–February 2013 army offensive and rebel counter-offensive

18849:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Hezbollah

15583:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

15347: 14993:"Strength in Weakness: The Syrian Army's Accidental Resilience" 14821:"Deaths in al-Wa'er neighborhood in Homs and in al-Tabaqa city" 10595:"Armenian School and Church in Homs were shelled by the rebels" 9086: 8928: 8879: 8853: 7713:"Syria accepts Arab League plan to send observers into country" 7591:"Inside Syria's Death Zone Assad's Regime Hunts People in Homs" 5561: 4750:, and Syrian self-described citizen journalist Omar Shakir all 4448: 4372: 4245:

One Army tank was destroyed and seen burning on a city street.

3939: 3696: 935: 275: 43:

Map of the frontline shifts from February 2012 to January 2017

14721:"Rebels start withdrawal from Homs, cradle of Syrian uprising" 14680:

Jihadist battle sparks exodus, Syria rebels on way out of Homs

14521:"Regular forces regain control of the district of Jeb Jandali" 13595:"Homs 'rebel' district in firm Syrian govt grip after clashes" 13006:"Assad forces on the offensive from Damascus to Mediterranean" 11177:

Syrian rebels launch offensive to retake key Homs neighborhood

6932:"Syrian army kills 30 in Homs, deploys tanks in southern town" 6108: 5733:"What has Russia gained from five years of fighting in Syria?" 5406:

was executed by an unknown gunman who stormed into his house.

4852:

militiamen. Syrian opposition activist and citizen journalist

18727:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

15342: 15260: 15253: 15248: 15239: 10730:"Syrian rebels face off with regime troops in 'sniper alley'" 10391: 8245:"Syria: Arab League mission in crisis – Wednesday 11 January" 5811:"Syrian rebels form 'Revolutionary Military Council' in Homs" 5494:

after an agreement to surrender the area to government forces

5208:

March 2013 renewed army offensive and rebel counter-offensive

4956: 4822: 4683: 4542: 4499: 4327: 185: 86: 12455:"Stench of burnt bodies smothers Syrian city, residents say" 11378:"Syria: Mutiny in Homs Prison As 550 Killed Within 48 Hours" 11310:"Homs districts battered, 14 killed across Syria: activists" 10675:"Democracy Now! - Democracy Now! Headlines for May 29, 2012" 8783:"'More than 200' killed in Homs ahead of UN resolution vote" 7227:"Syrian military vows to 'cut every evil hand' of attackers" 7201:"Syria faces Friday deadline to avoid Arab League sanctions" 15184:(Report). Washington, DC: The Syria Institute and PAX. 2017 14496:"المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان" 14471:"المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان" 14090:"المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان" 13917:"المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان" 13263:"المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان - المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان" 12880:"Syrian army recaptures symbolic Baba Amr district in Homs" 12561:"Syrian militias target civilians in Homs, opposition says" 12429:"Syrian death toll climbs to nearly 400 as violence flares" 12224:"U.S. Officials Doubt Syrian Rebels' Chemical Attack Claim" 9262:"Journalists killed in Syria rocket strike 'were targeted'" 8758:"Russia, China veto U.N. draft backing Arab plan for Syria" 6671:"Security Forces Fire on Protesters in Restive Syrian City" 6063:"الوكالة العربية السورية للأنباء - Syrian Arab News Agency" 5383:

March–April 2014 army offensive and rebel counter-offensive

5368: 4440: 4019: 82: 14769:"Deal breakdown leaves 270 rebels trapped in Syria's Homs" 13990:"Homs: l'évacuation des civils se poursuit - France - RFI" 13132:"Syria Attacks Rebel-Held Area in New Push to Retake City" 10275:"Syria hammers Homs; Security Council backs Annan mission" 8666: 8664: 4867: 4825:

had been killed among the rebels during the city's siege.

4291:

In early December 2011, the Syrian government accepted an

3301: 14908:"Syria conflict: Rebels agree to leave last Homs enclave" 12979:"Syria army tightens the noose around the rebels in Homs" 12852: 12530:"Syrian troops and militia push to take Sunni Homs areas" 11865:"Syria crisis: bombs hit security complex - live updates" 11070:"Shelling intensifies in Syria Homs, 11 dead: opposition" 11003:"Opposition group: Monitors not reducing Syrian violence" 7161:"Death Toll in Syria Mounts as Assault on Homs Continues" 5813:. English.alarabiya.net. 3 September 2012. Archived from 4666: 4603: 4599: 18732:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

14259:"Syria army launches assault on besieged Homs: state TV" 13361:"Desperate moves by rebels as Homs campaign intensifies" 12714:"AFP: Syria rebels launch surprise dawn assault in Homs" 11890:"Troops enter key rebel district of Homs, Syria TV says" 11712:"Former officer describes being ordered to rape in Homs" 11425:

Syrian Army Disbands Tens of Terrorist Cells in Damascus

10973:"Al Jazeera receives footage of rebels blowing up tanks" 9978:"Syria: Red Cross barred from Baba Amr - Friday 2 March" 9905:"Syria: Red Cross barred from Baba Amr - Friday 2 March" 9820:"Red Cross convoy arrives in Homs bringing Baba Amr aid" 9241:"2 Journalists Are Among Scores Dead in Syrian Shelling" 7033:"Syria's Assad warns of 'earthquake' if West intervenes" 6199:"Rebel exodus from Old Homs marks end of two-year siege" 6012:. Official Journal of the European Union. Archived from 5763:"Retreat from Homs: Assad conquers cradle of revolution" 5113:

openly operated in the area of the neighbouring city of

4518:

to know in advance that the attack was going to happen.

14208:"Syria: Dutch priest Fr van der Lugt shot dead in Homs" 14061:"U.S. Scolds Russia as It Weighs Options on Syrian War" 13151:"Syrian army, backed by jets, launches assault on Homs" 12586:"'Fragile calm' returns to Homs after year of fighting" 11738:"Syrian Army annihilates 40 gunmen in Bab Hood of Homs" 8673:"The Guardian Middle East Liveblog, 29 February 3.00pm" 8366:"Russia says will veto "unacceptable" Syria resolution" 7461:"Syria: Homs massacre warning – Friday 9 December 2011" 7008:. Agence France-Presse. 30 October 2011. Archived from 7002:"20 Syrian soldiers killed in 'clashes with deserters'" 5805: 5803: 5595:

The siege is documented in the Syrian documentary film

4746:

Middle East correspondent Martin Chulov, his colleague

4737:

a ground operation had not taken place after all, with

4387:

January 2012 clashes and first Karm al-Zeitoun massacre

4326:

On 28 December, the head of the Arab League observers,

4276: 15123:"'Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait': Cannes Review" 14974:"Syrian rebels leave last opposition district in Homs" 14594:"368 died yesterday, including 113 civilians, citizen" 13622:"Syrians, Hezbollah set to retake key Homs rebel area" 13203: 13201: 12507:"AFP: Fresh clashes in Syria's Homs, as Russians flee" 12004:"War intensifies across Syria, refugee crisis deepens" 10927:"Syrian forces bombard opposition strongholds in Homs" 10754: 10569:"UN observers visit Homs to monitor shaky Syria truce" 10446:"Fears grow for peace deal in Syria after new demands" 10371:"Syrian tanks enter northern town, Homs pounded again" 9395:

Mariam Karouny and Mohammed Abbas (28 February 2012).

8806:"Syria Assad: Army massacres 'scores' in city of Homs" 8055:"Gunfire, funerals and fear in Syria's protest centre" 7809:"Syria – Dec 28, 2011 – 08:38 | Al Jazeera Blogs" 7785:. Trust.org. Reuters. 28 December 2011. Archived from 7539:"Syria – Dec 18, 2011 – 15:10 | Al Jazeera Blogs" 7509:"Syria – Dec 18, 2011 – 10:09 | Al Jazeera Blogs" 7081:"Syria: Homs military attacks continue, say activists" 6876:"Eight killed in Syria protests, world pressure grows" 6696:"Syria army attacks Banias, raising sectarian tension" 6598:"Syrian defence minister 'tours seized Homs district'" 5259:

June–July 2013 army offensive and capture of Khalidiya

4761:

A burning house in Homs after Syrian Army bombardment.

3711:

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

17795:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

14835:"» Civil Assembly: A Syrian Vision in al-Wa'er, Homs" 14700:"Homs accord on rebel pullout as Syria army advances" 14615:"Deal for Syria rebels to withdraw from Homs bastion" 13386:"Syrian rebel fighters' civil war within a civil war" 12688:"Syria military pounds Homs for fourth day: watchdog" 11400:"Two killed in Homs prison mutiny - Syrian activists" 11357:"Clashes in Damascus, at least 52 dead in Syria: NGO" 10700:"Fears Grow That Syrian Situation Can Only Get Worse" 10100:"Syria paper: Bodies of foreigners found in Baba Amr" 10022:"Syria eyewitness: Homs refugees tell of 'slaughter'" 9610:"Syrian troops move to retake Homs district Baba Amr" 8671:

Weaver, Matthew; Whitaker, Brian (29 February 2012).

8639:"Syria – Feb 4, 2012 – 00:37 | Al Jazeera Blogs" 8609:"Syria – Feb 4, 2012 – 03:28 | Al Jazeera Blogs" 8474:. Observers.france24.com. 24 May 2004. Archived from 6141: 6139: 5588:- awarded World Cinema Grand Jury Prize:Documentary, 4522:

February–March 2012 rebel assaults and army offensive

4233:. The British-based, pro-opposition conflict monitor 15147: 15092:"'19 Sundance Film Festival - Digital Program Guide" 14564:"Death toll from attacks in Syria's Homs now at 100" 13349:

Syria army 'advances in rebel-held district of Homs'

11835: 11764:"Syrian forces pound Homs and Aleppo 5 October 2012" 11253:"Syrian army pounds Homs after 79 killed nationwide" 11028:

Syria troops, rebels battle for control of territory

10494:"U.N. monitors arrive in Syria as killings continue" 10157:"Annan to meet Assad, seeking end to Syria violence" 9696:"2 French journalists safely out of Syria - CNN.com" 9534:

Beaumont, Peter; Chulov, Martin (28 February 2012).

9397:"Syrian activists say 62 bodies recovered near Homs" 9315:"Syria activists 'executed', foreigner missing: NGO" 8498:"Syrian rebels celebrate control of Homs checkpoint" 8418:. Dailytimes.com.pk. 2 February 2012. Archived from 8002:"Free Syrian Army calls for pullout of Arab mission" 7691:"Arab League mission arrives amid violence in Syria" 7617:"Syria's Homs under a military siege, activists say" 6581:"Syrian forces take back rebel neighborhood in Homs" 5800: 5029:

against military assaults on districts in Old Homs.

4203:

November–December 2011 escalation and rebel momentum

18829:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2014

18824:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2013

18819:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2012

18814:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2011

15434:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

14058: 13887:"At least 45 Syrian rebels killed in Homs fighting" 13455:"Rebels target civilian areas to induce cease-fire" 13198: 10132:. Al Jazeera. Reuters. 7 March 2012. Archived from 9637: 9166:"Syrian tanks storm flashpoint Homs, activists say" 9024: 8661: 6819:"Syrian tanks shell central city, Bedouin villages" 5249: 14078:Rebels in Syria's Homs fight for a shattered dream 13647:"Syrian army crushes key rebel stronghold in Homs" 13498:"Syrian Troops Advance in Central City : NPR" 12101:"Syrian Soldiers Fight Rebels and Fatigue in Homs" 11916:"Syria rebels bomb Air Force Intelligence complex" 11787:Syrian forces advance into rebel-held part of Homs 11603:"Syria army shells Damascus and suburbs: watchdog" 11096:"Syrian opposition warns of looming Homs massacre" 9775:"8 Syrian soldiers, 7 deserters killed near Golan" 9555:"Syrian ambush hits activist lifeline out of Homs" 8472:"Free Syrian Army turns to urban guerilla tactics" 8416:"Deaths mount as Russia resists UN drive on Syria" 7379:"Syrian Blogger Arrested; 61 Bodies Found in Homs" 6790:"Assad broadens Syria crackdown, tanks push south" 6443: 6441: 6229:"Syria rebels in final retreat from heart of Homs" 6109:Ivan Watson and Omar al Muqdad (7 February 2012). 4843:List of massacres in Syria § Syrian Civil War 4836: 13331:Two thirds of Syria's Homs rebel area 'destroyed' 13181:"Syrian troops battle to retake rebel-held areas" 12271:"Large operation for Syrian Army in Deir Ba'alba" 12249:"Ya'alon: We don't have proof Assad has used WMD" 11943:"Syrian activists say fighting in Aleppo kills 5" 9640:"Pray for us' say Syria rebels as army closes in" 9580:"Syria sends elite troops to Homs, activists say" 8903:"Russia and China veto resolution on Syria at UN" 7923:. M.ibtimes.com. 29 December 2011. Archived from 7324:"Bodies lie uncollected as Homs becomes war zone" 6758: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6339:"Protests Across Syria Despite Military Presence" 6010:"COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 55/2012" 5962:"Syria sends elite troops to Homs, activists say" 5786:"Ammunition depot blast kills 30 rebels in Syria" 5481: 4828:During a visit on 7 March, UN humanitarian chief 18795: 14750:Syrian rebels claim massive Aleppo hotel bombing 14441:"Rebels in Syria's Homs go on counter-offensive" 14416:"Syria army advances in besieged Homs: security" 12353:"Assad's forces seize Homs district from rebels" 12273:. Breakingnews. 24 December 2012. Archived from 12029:Syrian Army Kills 400 Terrorists in Aleppo, Homs 10048:"Exclusive: Syrian doctors 'torturing' patients" 9975: 9902: 9239:Nordland, Rod; Cowell, Alan (22 February 2012). 9027:"Turks seek world action as Syria's Homs bleeds" 8733:. Allvoices.com. 31 January 2012. Archived from 8026: 7406:"Syrian sectarian violence in Homs kills dozens" 6929: 6447: 6404: 6367: 6136: 6034: 4981: 4129:successful operation against protestors in Daraa 3465:Syrian War spillover and international incidents 16992:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 16903:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 15486:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 13547:"Syrian troops capture historic mosque in Homs" 13288:"Syrian opposition chooses Saudi-backed leader" 12928:"Syrian troops advance in central city of Homs" 12680: 12603: 12482:"Massacre of over 100 reported in Syria's Homs" 12263: 11782: 11780: 11289:"Syrian activists claim 'rockets rain on Homs'" 10392:Mona Mahmood and Peter Walker (10 April 2012). 10201:"Dozens of Bodies Found After Syria 'Massacre'" 10045: 9976:Whitaker, Brian; McCarthy, Tom (2 March 2012). 9903:Whitaker, Brian; McCarthy, Tom (2 March 2012). 9724:. Al Arabiya News. 1 March 2012. Archived from 9168:. NOW Lebanon. 10 February 2012. Archived from 8214:"Syria Live Blog Wed, 11 Jan 2012, 15:39 GMT+3" 8106:"Syria Live Blog Tue, 24 Jan 2012, 16:26 GMT+3" 8029:"Why Arab League monitors didn't fail in Syria" 7569:"'Civilian among seven dead' in Syria violence" 7055:"Syria unrest: activists say 20 killed in Homs" 6669:Stack, Liam; Zoepf, Katherine (18 April 2012). 6438: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6086: 6084: 5964:. NOW Lebanon. 28 February 2012. Archived from 3790:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 3744:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels 342:(Farouq Brigades Commander; since October 2012) 334:(Farouq Brigades Commander; until October 2012) 15403:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 15120: 15018:"UN chief criticises 'atrocious' Homs assault" 12658: 12323:"Assad forces 'take district of Syria's Homs'" 12074:"Syria army, rebels in fierce battle for Homs" 11862: 11656:"'Massive raid' reported in heart of Damascus" 10849:"Russia: We won't back foreign force in Syria" 10297:"US urges Syria to work with Annan peace plan" 10253:"Syrian forces assault opposition strongholds" 9746: 9533: 9238: 9194:. Al Jazeera. 11 February 2012. Archived from 8976:. NOW Lebanon. 6 February 2012. Archived from 8670: 8192:"Nic Robertson interview after attack in Homs" 7669:"Monitors land in Syria as violence continues" 7403: 7179:"Syria faces 'last chance' sanctions deadline" 6356: 6284: 5980: 5880: 5096: 4926:On 20 April, a rebel leader stated that 2,000 15298: 13812:Syria rebel shelling sparks oil refinery fire 13569:"Syrian army advances into key Homs district" 13053:"Syrian army launches offensive in Homs city" 13031:"NGO: Syrian troops storm rebel town in Homs" 12736:"Syria rebels stage surprise assault in Homs" 10647: 10516:"Fighting in Syria as UN monitors go to work" 10154: 9840: 9749:"Syrian rebels quit besieged Homs stronghold" 9140:"Syria: bombs hit Aleppo as tanks pound Homs" 9000:"Syrian Army Pounds Homs in Deadly Offensive" 4727:On 28 February 2012, reinforcements from the 3925: 3682: 3447: 3287: 3132: 3027: 2806: 2593: 2246: 2041: 1758: 1576: 1198: 1015: 921: 669: 16145:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 15542:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 15429:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 14120:"Explosion kills at least 50 rebels in Homs" 14114: 14112: 14110: 13717:"Welcome To Homs, A Syrian City Under Siege" 13673:"Syria army retakes key Homs rebel district" 12119:"Homs is calm for now –but the fear remains" 11777: 11582:"Syria steps up attacks on rebel-held areas" 10952:"Shelling in Homs as UN warns of escalation" 10536: 9616:. London. Associated Press. 29 February 2012 9259: 7454: 7452: 6893: 6393: 6081: 4766:claimed the army had taken a portion of it. 18685:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 15925:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 15491:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 15068:. Al Jazeera. 19 April 2012. Archived from 14874:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 14847: 14662:Cease-Fire, Evacuation Deal In Syria's Homs 14644:Cease-fire, evacuation deal in Syria's Homs 12611:"Jihadists Seize Syria Town on Iraq Border" 10347:. Al Jazeera. 26 March 2012. Archived from 10229:. Al Jazeera. 13 March 2012. Archived from 9941: 9939: 9668: 9464: 9421: 9312: 9002:. Sky News. 6 February 2012. Archived from 8755: 7297:"Inside Syria: Daily Life Amid The Gunfire" 5666: 5664: 5643:"Syria's President ends state of emergency" 4426: 4159:forces were killed in clashes in the city. 3700:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 18680:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 17629:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 16828:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 16589:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 15305: 15291: 13969:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 8 February 2014 13831:"Syria: FSA open to "temporary" ceasefire" 13613: 13105:"Syria conflict: Assad forces strike Homs" 12761:"Syria rebels, army locked in Homs combat" 12666:"Syria rebels capture northern Raqqa city" 12383:"Syrian troops hit Homs, kill 23 children" 12144:"Syria: Homs Scarred By Guerrilla Warfare" 10875:"One Year Trapped and Under Siege in Homs" 9873:"2 French journalists safely out of Syria" 9552: 8271:"French reporter killed in Syria violence" 7869:"Syrian activists criticise Arab monitors" 6767:"Syria tanks 'shell' protest city of Homs" 6668: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6497: 6495: 6315: 6313: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5518: 5509: 5444: 4679:described the killing as "assassination". 4069:rebels to withdraw from the neighborhood. 3932: 3918: 3689: 3675: 3454: 3440: 3294: 3280: 3139: 3125: 3034: 3020: 2813: 2799: 2600: 2586: 2253: 2239: 2048: 2034: 1765: 1751: 1583: 1569: 1205: 1191: 1022: 1008: 928: 914: 676: 662: 18560:International demonstrations and protests 16666:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 15962:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 14388: 14107: 13592: 13479:Syria Lashes Out At US Move To Arm Rebels 13233:"Homs rebels resist Syria army onslaught" 12872: 10468:"Syrian forces 'shell districts of Homs'" 10203:. Sky News. 13 March 2012. Archived from 10019: 9947:"Syrian rebels flee shattered stronghold" 8949: 8900: 8828:"Activists: More than 200 Syrians killed" 8803: 8363: 8335:"Syria Live Blog Sun, 22 Jan 2012, 14:58" 7972:"Syria Live Blog Wed, 28 Dec 2011, 08:49" 7487:"Syria Opposition Warns of Homs Massacre" 7449: 6980:"Syrian army operations continue in Homs" 6091:Syria: The Devastated Battlefield Of Homs 5355: 4659:, and French journalist Edith Bouvier of 4647:On 22 February 2012, American journalist 4010:was a military confrontation between the 373: 18706:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 17790:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 15066:"Thu, 19 Apr 2012, 10:21 GMT+3 - France" 14990: 14542:"Syrian rebels make last stand for Homs" 14145:"Scores killed in violence across Syria" 13765:"Homs misery 'like siege of Stalingrad'" 12919: 12559:Oweis, Khaled Yacoub (26 January 2013). 12528:Oweis, Khaled Yacoub (25 January 2013). 12136: 12098: 10394:"Syrian rebels run low on food and hope" 10015: 10013: 9936: 9772: 9638:Khaled Yacoub Oweis (29 February 2012). 9633: 9631: 7739:"Syria Live Blog Wed, 4 Jan 2012, 05:51" 7321: 7030: 6849:"Syrian forces kill 30 protests: lawyer" 6812: 6810: 6764: 6592: 6590: 6037:"Questioning the Syrian "Casualty List"" 5661: 5485: 5386: 5221: 5161:to the opposition. A U.S. official told 4871: 4777:International Committee of the Red Cross 4756: 4638: 4567: 4525: 4390: 326:(FSA provincial Military Council leader) 15770:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 15537:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 14795:"Syrians make emotional return to Homs" 13987: 13412:"Syrian rebels prepare to abandon Homs" 13129: 13003: 12099:Giovanni, Janine Di (24 October 2012). 10345:"Mon, 26 Mar 2012, 07:36 GMT+3 - Syria" 10227:"Tue, 13 Mar 2012, 08:07 GMT+3 - Syria" 9343: 9192:"Sat, 11 Feb 2012, 21:06 GMT+3 - Syria" 9131: 9025:Khaled Yacoub Oweis (9 February 2012). 8521: 8519: 8052: 8046: 7966: 7964: 7203:. CNN. 24 November 2011. Archived from 6688: 6548: 6492: 6310: 5773: 5750: 4868:March–May 2012 clashes and UN ceasefire 4383:finally ended at the end of the month. 18796: 17174:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 16452:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 12925: 12479: 12297:"Syrian army seizes Homs neighborhood" 10755:Erika Solomon, Reuters (8 June 2012). 10130:"Wed, 7 Mar 2012, 19:27 GMT+3 - Syria" 9996:"Fleeing Homs with tales of slaughter" 9137: 9109:"Thu, 9 Feb 2012, 16:09 GMT+3 – Syria" 9029:. Yahoo! News. Reuters. Archived from 8756:Charbonneau, Louis (4 February 2012). 8242: 7458: 7322:Hamilton, Douglas (11 December 2011). 6873: 6816: 6787: 6336: 5990:. Human Rights Watch. 16 December 2011 5834: 5832: 5584:Damascus-born filmmaker Talal Derki's 5371:. The truce was extended of 72 hours. 4955:occurred in the town of Taldou in the 4698:The injured British photo-journalist, 4116: 4022:, a major rebel stronghold during the 3303:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present) 71:6 May 2011 – 9 May 2014 58: Opposition control (Insurgents ) 18675:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 18445: 18175: 17601: 17462:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 17282:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 17022:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 16987:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 16898:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 16888:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 15603: 15324: 15286: 15166:Sayfo, Omar Adam (17 February 2012). 15165: 14357: 13149:Oweis, Khaled Yacoub (30 June 2013). 13148: 13079:"Syrian army launches Homs offensive" 12855:"Syria civil war enters its 3rd year" 12558: 12527: 12111: 10010: 9628: 8410: 8408: 8078: 7349:"Mon, 5 Dec 2011, 16:27 GMT+3 – Homs" 7155: 6807: 6587: 6567:"SYRIA UPDATE: THE FALL OF AL-QUSAYR" 6147:"Syria's looming threat of civil war" 6035:Sharmine Narwani (28 February 2012). 5578: 4363:genocide against opposition in Darfur 4177:fighting in the nearby town of Rastan 4162: 3913: 3670: 3435: 3275: 3120: 3015: 2794: 2581: 2234: 2029: 1746: 1564: 1186: 1003: 909: 657: 396:(Bayyada Martyrs Battalion commander) 384:Ahmad Hassan Abou Assaad al-Sharkassi 380:(Bayyada Martyrs Battalion commander) 17800:Syrian Revolution General Commission 17540:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 16319:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 15522:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 15312: 14014:. Lorientlejour.com. 8 February 2014 13784: 12048:"Rebels claim downing of Syrian jet" 11653: 11250: 9138:Weaver, Matthew (10 February 2012). 9053:"Car bomb rips through Syria's Homs" 8516: 8393:. Timescolonist.com. 31 January 2012 8364:Gutterman, Steve (1 February 2012). 7961: 6722:"Regime hunts down Syria opposition" 6644:"In Syria, Crackdown After Protests" 5838: 5605:(out of competition) on 15 May 2014. 5330: 4277:Arab League mission and deescalation 3523:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 2670:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 2306:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 683: 18757:Syrian civil war in popular culture 18650:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 16579:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 16269:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 16252:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 15114: 15010: 13619: 11799:"Syrian army steps up Homs assault" 10802:"Syrian troops shelling rebel area" 8243:Weaver, Matthew (11 January 2012). 8053:Karouny, Mariam (23 January 2012). 7719:. Associated Press. 5 December 2011 7459:Weaver, Matthew (9 December 2011). 6954: 6736: 6290: 5829: 5730: 5598:Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait 5402:On 7 April, Dutch Christian priest 4772:United Nations Human Rights Council 4722: 4395:Situation in Homs, mid-January 2012 4235:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 4105: 13: 18660:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 17851:Authenticity and Development Front 17525:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 17520:December 2011 Turkish border clash 17311:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 16768:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 16681:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 16539:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 15807:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 15578:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 15532:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 15419:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 15143: 14991:Khaddour, Kheder (21 April 2012). 14619:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 14420:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 14124:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 13863:. 22 November 2013. Archived from 13785:Fisk, Robert (29 September 2013). 13573:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 13459:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 13365:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 12740:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 12513:. 16 February 2013. Archived from 12480:Holmes, Oliver (17 January 2013). 12359:. 29 December 2012. Archived from 11940: 11503:. 28 November 2012. Archived from 11314:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 9586:. 28 February 2012. Archived from 8925:"206 Martyrs on Saturday 4-2-2012" 8405: 8081:"Battles Put Damascus on the Edge" 8027:Elizabeth Palmer (21 April 2012). 7978:. 28 December 2011. Archived from 7947:"Syrian forces fire on protestors" 7897:. 30 December 2011. Archived from 7845:. 28 December 2011. Archived from 7815:. 28 December 2011. Archived from 7645:. 26 December 2011. Archived from 7545:. 18 December 2011. Archived from 7515:. 18 December 2011. Archived from 7404:Anthony Shadid (7 December 2011). 6530:"Homs: A scarred and divided city" 6368:Holliday, Joseph (December 2011). 6262:"Reports of a riot in Homs prison" 6111:"Syrian rebel leadership is split" 5888:"The Syrian Rebels' Libyan Weapon" 3803:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL 640:859 soldiers and policemen killed 14: 18860: 17550:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 17491:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 17444:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 17012:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 16997:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 16738:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 16604:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 16554:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 16519:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 16472:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 15859:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 15527:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 15197: 14848:cronaldo753 (22 September 2016). 11863:Matthew Weaver (9 October 2012). 11740:. Breakingnews.sy. Archived from 11277:Syria troops pound Homs: watchdog 10833:. 4 February 2013. Archived from 9260:Kim Sengupta (23 February 2012). 9218:"Syria's slide towards civil war" 9059:. 8 February 2012. Archived from 8707:. 4 February 2012. Archived from 8448:. 1 February 2012. Archived from 8341:. 22 January 2012. Archived from 8299:. 12 January 2012. Archived from 8220:. 11 January 2012. Archived from 8168:. 11 January 2012. Archived from 8112:. 24 January 2012. Archived from 7355:. 5 December 2011. Archived from 7107:"Tanks come under attack in Homs" 6930:Mustapha Ajbaili (17 July 2011). 6508:. ISW. March 2012. Archived from 5571:In April 2012, French president, 5391:Situation in Homs, mid-April 2014 5226:Situation in Homs, mid-March 2013 4876:Situation in Homs, mid-March 2012 4702:, was successfully smuggled into 4283:Arab League peace plans for Syria 3538:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents 18778: 18777: 18494:2017 Northern regional elections 18126:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 17737:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 17602: 17252:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 17149:Turkish offensive into northeast 17129:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 17017:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 16686:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 16529:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 15797:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 15678:2010s in Syria political history 15424:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 15150: 15084: 15058: 15032: 14984: 14966: 14936: 14918: 14900: 14882: 14841: 14827: 14813: 14787: 14761: 14743: 14713: 14697: 14691: 14673: 14655: 14637: 14607: 14586: 14556: 14534: 14513: 14488: 14463: 14433: 14408: 14382: 14336: 14315: 14294: 14273: 14251: 14226: 14200: 14179: 14158: 14137: 14082: 14071: 14052: 14026: 14004: 13981: 13959: 13934: 13909: 13879: 13849: 13823: 13805: 13778: 13757: 13735: 13709: 13687: 13665: 13639: 13586: 13561: 13549:. Associated Press. 27 July 2013 13539: 13512: 13490: 13472: 13447: 13425: 13404: 13378: 13353: 13342: 13324: 13302: 13280: 13255: 13225: 13173: 13142: 13123: 13097: 13071: 13045: 13023: 12997: 12971: 12950: 12898: 12846: 12820: 12794: 12783: 12753: 12728: 12706: 12628: 12578: 12552: 12521: 12499: 12473: 12447: 12421: 12396: 12375: 12345: 12315: 12289: 12241: 12216: 12191: 12161: 12092: 12066: 12040: 12022: 11996: 11978: 11956: 11934: 11908: 11882: 11856: 11817: 11791: 11756: 11730: 11704: 11674: 11647: 11621: 11595: 11574: 11548: 11537: 11511: 11489: 11463: 11437: 11418: 11392: 11370: 11349: 11327: 11302: 11281: 11270: 11244: 11218: 11192: 11181: 11170: 11144: 11114: 11088: 11062: 11032: 11021: 10995: 10965: 10944: 10919: 10893: 10867: 10841: 10819: 10794: 10748: 10722: 10692: 10667: 10641: 10624: 10613: 10587: 10561: 10530: 10508: 10486: 10460: 10438: 10412: 10385: 10363: 10337: 10311: 10289: 10267: 10245: 10219: 10193: 10167: 10148: 10122: 10092: 10062: 10046:Jonathan Miller (5 March 2012). 10039: 9988: 9969: 9915: 9896: 9893:BBC Five Live News, 2 March 2011 9887: 9865: 9834: 9812: 9766: 9740: 9714: 9688: 9669:Oliver Tree (29 February 2012). 9662: 9602: 9572: 9546: 9527: 9501: 9458: 9415: 9388: 9366: 9337: 9306: 9288:"Syrians 'targeted journalists'" 9280: 9253: 9232: 9210: 9184: 9158: 9101: 9075: 9045: 9018: 8992: 8966: 8943: 8917: 8894: 8868: 8842: 8820: 8797: 8775: 8749: 8723: 8693: 8631: 8601: 8571: 8541: 8490: 8464: 8434: 8383: 8357: 8327: 8315: 8285: 8263: 8236: 8206: 8184: 7949:. .macleans.ca. 29 December 2011 7571:. France24.com. 18 December 2011 6724:. Adelaidenow.com.au. 9 May 2011 6698:. Thestar.com.my. Archived from 6370:"The Struggle for Syria in 2011" 5555: 5525: 5272:breathe" the activist reported. 5250:Old Homs and Khalidiya separated 5246:moving fully into the fighting. 5147: 4310:Committee to Protect Journalists 4308:citizen news organisations. The 3765:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation 3649:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 3609:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria 3077:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike 412:(Ahl Al Athar Brigade commander) 268: 257: 245: 226: 209: 197: 184: 171: 160: 149: 37: 18690:Syrian Constitutional Committee 18036:International Freedom Battalion 17634:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 17032:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 16982:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 16928:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 16783:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 16758:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 16748:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 16614:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 16594:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 16534:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 16402:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 16284:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 16130:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 16061:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 15930:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 15765:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 15740:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 14950:. 27 March 2017. Archived from 13749:. 1 August 2013. Archived from 12853:Independent Newspapers Online. 12720:. 11 April 2013. Archived from 11521:. 7 August 2012. Archived from 9773:Agencies, News (1 March 2012). 9747:Mariam Karouny (1 March 2012). 9553:Arwa Damon (28 February 2012). 8785:. France24.com. 4 February 2012 8154: 8128: 8098: 8079:Malas, Nour (28 January 2012). 8072: 8020: 7994: 7939: 7913: 7883: 7861: 7831: 7801: 7775: 7757: 7731: 7705: 7683: 7661: 7631: 7609: 7583: 7561: 7531: 7501: 7479: 7423: 7397: 7371: 7341: 7315: 7289: 7263: 7237: 7219: 7193: 7171: 7149: 7124: 7099: 7073: 7047: 7024: 6994: 6972: 6923: 6867: 6841: 6817:Jansen, Michael (12 May 2011). 6781: 6714: 6662: 6636: 6608: 6573: 6481: 6448:Holliday, Joseph (March 2012). 6405:Holliday, Joseph (March 2012). 6330: 6221: 6191: 6165: 6125: 6102: 6055: 6028: 6002: 5954: 5936: 5910: 5894:. 9 August 2012. Archived from 5858: 4837:Second Karm al-Zeitoun massacre 4072:By early May 2012, following a 3604:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike 3508:Syrian–Turkish border incidents 3423:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3364:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3354:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 240:(from 2011 to 2012 - disbanded) 18809:Sieges of the Syrian civil war 17545:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 17415:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 17114:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 16858:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 16661:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 16651:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 16609:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 16599:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 16487:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 15121:Young, Deborah (15 May 2014). 13701:. 29 July 2013. Archived from 13504:. 26 July 2013. Archived from 13439:. 24 July 2013. Archived from 13130:Barnard, Anne (29 June 2013). 11188:Christians vulnerable in Syria 11098:. 16 June 2012. Archived from 10537:David Enders (19 April 2012). 10155:Dominic Evans (9 March 2012). 10106:. 7 March 2012. Archived from 10076:. 7 March 2012. Archived from 9953:. 1 March 2012. Archived from 9841:Michael Weiss (1 March 2012). 7299:. News.sky.com. Archived from 7247:. News.sky.com. Archived from 6874:Yacoub, Khaled (27 May 2011). 6788:Yacoub, Khaled (12 May 2011). 6458:Institute for the Study of War 6415:Institute for the Study of War 6378:Institute for the Study of War 6337:Shadid, Anthony (7 May 2011). 5918:"Who's who: Abdulbaset Sarout" 5769:. United Kingdom of god. 2014. 5724: 5694: 5678:. 29 July 2012. Archived from 5635: 5616: 5482:Siege of al-Waer neighbourhood 4813:village just outside of Homs. 4557: 4355:arbitrary arrest and detention 4332:Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa al-Dabi 4039:the March–April Daraa protests 3344:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3314:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3065:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2933:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2916:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident 2734:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2554:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2490:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict 73:(3 years and 3 days) 1: 18489:2017 Northern local elections 18479:2015 Northern local elections 17841:National Front for Liberation 17778:Local Coordination Committees 17326:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 17164:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 16808:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 16105:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 15901:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 15715:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 15500:Specific groups and countries 15325: 13316:. 7 July 2013. Archived from 13217:. 7 July 2013. Archived from 13004:Solomon, Erika (2 May 2013). 12668:. Aljazeera.com. 5 March 2013 10648:Martin Chulov (26 May 2012). 8950:Paul Wood (4 February 2012). 8901:Paul Wood (4 February 2012). 8804:Paul Wood (4 February 2012). 6907:. 29 May 2011. Archived from 6853:Independent Newspapers Online 5839:Lund, Aron (5 October 2012). 5629: 4982:June–July 2012 army offensive 4339:Local Coordination Committees 4287:Arab League monitors in Syria 4094: 3760:Turkey–Islamic State conflict 3566:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents 3546:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line 2665:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes 18804:Homs in the Syrian civil war 18752:2015 European migrant crisis 18026:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 16918:Euphrates Crossing offensive 16412:Western al-Hasakah offensive 16372:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 16240:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 15996:Quneitra Governorate clashes 15735:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 15663:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 15604: 15412:Effects and ongoing concerns 15254:Documentary: Secret Treaties 14727:. 7 May 2014. Archived from 14238:U.S. News & World Report 10373:. Zeenews.com. 25 March 2012 9675:International Business Times 9376:. Naharnet. 27 February 2012 9220:. BBC News. 12 February 2012 7031:Jim Muir (30 October 2011). 6583:. Yahoo News. 26 March 2013. 6291:Sly, Liz (25 January 2012). 6205:. 8 May 2014. Archived from 5537:The U.N. Secretary-General, 5060: 4894:Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan 4554:checkpoint fell to the FSA. 4359:International Criminal Court 2275:(March 2016 – February 2017) 1933:Western al-Hasakah offensive 1865:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 598:54th independent SF Regiment 595:53rd independent SF Regiment 592:47th independent SF Regiment 589:45th independent SF Regiment 531:15th Special Forces Division 521:14th Special Forces Division 7: 18640:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 18595:Syrian government reactions 18585:Status of the Golan Heights 18580:Sectarianism and minorities 18504:2020 parliamentary election 18484:2016 parliamentary election 18469:2012 parliamentary election 18446: 18404:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 18304:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 18151:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 18010:Northern Democratic Brigade 17866:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 17861:Revolutionary Commando Army 17742:Popular Mobilization Forces 17530:2012 Turkish border clashes 17119:Dêrik prison escape attempt 16524:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 16477:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 16447:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 16442:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 16329:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 16314:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 16090:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 15398:Sectarianism and minorities 15373:Syrian government reactions 14997:Carnegie Middle East Center 14500:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 14475:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 14389:Ian Black (17 April 2014). 14094:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 13988:par RFI (8 February 2014). 13921:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 13267:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 12958:"Khalidiya - Yalla Souryia" 10650:"The Observer, 27 May 2012" 10518:. Al Jazeera. 16 April 2012 10448:. BBC News. 8 February 2012 10255:. Al Jazeera. 22 March 2012 8529:. Aljazeera. 4 October 2011 7381:. Care2.com. Archived from 7233:. London. 25 November 2011. 6855:. Thestar.co.za. 5 May 2010 5097:October 2012 army offensive 4848:killings were paramilitary 4439:, who covered conflicts in 4361:as they have linked him to 4181:Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade 4127:On 6 May 2011, following a 4029:Nationwide anti-government 3780:Idlib Governorate operation 3412:Iranian consulate airstrike 3329:4th Israeli missile strikes 3227:3rd Israeli missile strikes 3200:2nd Israeli missile strikes 2971:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes 2613:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017) 2366:12th–14th Aleppo offensives 488:Khalid ibn al-Walid Brigade 132:Syrian Army recaptures Homs 10: 18865: 18635:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 18509:2021 presidential election 18474:2014 presidential election 18176: 17720:medical facility targeting 17576:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 17535:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 17454:Jordanian border incidents 17099:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 17037:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 16913:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 16701:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 16671:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 16641:Operation Euphrates Shield 16569:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 16457:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 16382:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 16377:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 16324:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 16173:First Inter-rebel conflict 16135:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 16044:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 15947:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 15240:Documentary: A Day In Homs 15020:. Al Jazeera. 3 March 2012 10020:Paul Wood (5 March 2012). 6962:"30 killed in Homs, Syria" 6503:"Syria's Armed Opposition" 6450:"Syria's Armed Opposition" 6407:"Syria's Armed Opposition" 6039:. Alakhbar. Archived from 5622:From October 2011 onwards. 5269:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 4891: 4840: 4561: 4280: 4120: 4043:similar military operation 3868:April 2018 missile strikes 3738:2012 Hezbollah involvement 2707:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike 2420:Operation Euphrates Shield 2296:9th–11th Aleppo offensives 1100:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush 301:(FSA provincial commander) 128:Syrian Government Victory 18773: 18714: 18698: 18603: 18517: 18456: 18452: 18441: 18182: 18171: 18110: 18097:Group of the One and Only 18077:Military activity of ISIL 18067: 18058: 18018: 17970:People's Protection Units 17960: 17952:Smaller political parties 17932: 17923:Autonomous Administration 17921: 17879: 17823: 17763: 17754: 17688: 17680:Palestine Liberation Army 17652: 17619: 17612: 17608: 17597: 17568: 17509: 17470: 17452: 17423: 17394: 17383: 17344: 17290: 17236: 17213:Idlib Governorate clashes 17187: 17139:Hass refugee camp bombing 17075: 17027:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 16948: 16863:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 16838:Maskanah Plains offensive 16833:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 16763:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 16714: 16495: 16337: 16235:Second siege of Wadi Deif 16230:Kafr Zita chemical attack 16195:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 16153: 16066:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 16009: 15815: 15802:Idlib Governorate clashes 15787:Daraa Governorate clashes 15755:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 15686: 15616: 15612: 15599: 15570: 15499: 15478: 15442: 15411: 15335: 15331: 15320: 10299:. BBC News. 21 March 2012 5988:"By All Means Necessary!" 4458:rocket-propelled grenades 3950: 3708: 3473: 3407:Israel–Hezbollah conflict 3324:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah 3309: 3173: 3167:(April 2019 – March 2020) 3072:Sep. 2018 missile strikes 3055: 2878:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2837: 2619: 2544:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2281: 2160:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive 2068: 2062:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016) 1840:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1793: 1787:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015) 1626:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive 1603: 1594:Rise of the Islamic State 1333:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 1227: 1042: 1036:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012) 946: 905: 693: 647: 622: 607: 474: 417:(Liwa al-Haqq commander) 365:(Liwaa Al-Umma Commander) 317:(FSA Homs city commander) 281: 142: 63: 36: 28: 23: 18087:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 18031:Kurdistan Workers' Party 17975:Women's Protection Units 17947:Kurdish National Council 17396:Israel and Golan Heights 17267:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 17109:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 16868:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 16823:April Turkish airstrikes 16798:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 16631:Southern Aleppo campaign 16574:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 16467:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 16437:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 16367:Southern Syria Offensive 16001:Talbiseh bakery massacre 15952:First siege of Wadi Deif 15942:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 15839:January al-Midan bombing 15571:Agreements and dialogues 15552:Syrian Democratic Forces 13817:19 February 2014 at the 11941:AP (30 September 2012). 10325:. Reuters. 24 March 2012 9998:. BBC News. 5 March 2012 9849:. London. Archived from 9822:. BBC News. 2 March 2012 9509:"Shelling Rains on Homs" 7769:27 December 2011 at the 6765:Jim Muir (11 May 2011). 5948:31 December 2012 at the 5609: 5133:militiamen were killed. 4651:and French photographer 4427:Death of Gilles Jacquier 4111: 4056:In late October 2011, a 3639:Kafr Takharim airstrikes 3418:February 2024 airstrikes 3381:3rd U.S. missile strikes 3258:2nd U.S. missile strikes 3049:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019) 2944:U.S.-led missile strikes 2850:Eastern Syria insurgency 2475:Aleppo aid convoy attack 1411:Darayya & Muadamiyat 1354:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 567:105th Mechanized Brigade 564:104th Mechanized Brigade 554:154th Artillery Regiment 18565:International reactions 18550:Human rights violations 18041:Sinjar Resistance Units 18000:Syriac Military Council 17990:Army of Revolutionaries 17925:of North and East Syria 17785:Syrian National Council 17639:Arab Socialist Movement 17560:Operation Spring Shield 17501:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 17481:Lebanese border clashes 17375:Northern border clashes 17336:Northwest clashes (Dec) 17316:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 17218:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 17067:Northern border clashes 16788:March Damascus bombings 16753:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 16706:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 16584:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 16417:Palmyra offensive (May) 16262:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 16257:Eastern Syria offensive 16140:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 15267:Homs: Journey into Hell 15216:By All Means Necessary! 13626:Business Standard India 12034:13 October 2012 at the 11990:14 October 2012 at the 11829:14 October 2012 at the 10181:. London. 12 March 2012 9083:"More Martyrs 9-2-2012" 8085:The Wall Street Journal 7693:. CNN. 26 December 2011 7619:. CNN. 24 December 2011 7410:San Francisco Chronicle 5519:International reactions 5510:Tactical considerations 5445:Rebel retreat from Homs 4615:quarter of the city, a 4487:French foreign minister 4317:Syrian National Council 3942:Civil uprising in Syria 3890:Australian intervention 3624:Russian Su-24 shootdown 3493:Iranian embassy bombing 3082:Northern border clashes 2831:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018) 2747:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019) 1692:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017) 1130:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014) 938:Civil uprising in Syria 822:September–December 2019 807:September–December 2018 792:September–December 2017 777:September–December 2016 732:September–December 2012 717:September–December 2011 437: Ghassan Afif 18742:Syrian detainee report 18628:UN supervision mission 18618:Friends of Syria Group 18540:Damaged heritage sites 17942:Democratic Union Party 17894:Jordanian intervention 17815:Syrian Patriotic Group 17644:Syrian Communist Party 17555:2020 Balyun airstrikes 17410:February 2018 incident 17057:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 16972:Operation Olive Branch 16813:Shayrat missile strike 16646:Aleppo summer campaign 16636:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 16549:February Homs bombings 16407:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 16397:Second Battle of Idlib 16110:Khan al-Assal massacre 16073:Ghouta chemical attack 15455:Early insurgency phase 15127:The Hollywood Reporter 14323:"The Arab Chronicle 5" 14302:"The Arab Chronicle 4" 14281:"The Arab Chronicle 3" 14187:"The Arab Chronicle 2" 14166:"The Arab Chronicle 1" 13290:. Reuters. 6 July 2013 6905:Bloomberg BusinessWeek 5590:Sundance Film Festival 5551: 5495: 5392: 5356:Humanitarian operation 5227: 4877: 4762: 4644: 4573: 4531: 4396: 3965:Homs (May–August 2011) 3851:Operation Martyr Muath 3846:Jordanian intervention 3750:Foreign rebel fighters 3551:February 2018 incident 3483:Lebanese–Syrian border 3164:Second Idlib offensive 3157:Operation Peace Spring 3060:Idlib demilitarization 3045:Idlib demilitarization 2843:3rd Northwestern Syria 2826:Operation Olive Branch 2822:Rebels in retreat and 2624:Eastern Homs offensive 2085:2nd Northwestern Syria 1915:1st Northwestern Syria 1221:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013) 961:Homs (May–August 2011) 578:18th Armoured Division 541:403rd Armored Regiment 420:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 282:Commanders and leaders 216:National Defense Force 18747:Syrian media coverage 18623:Kofi Annan peace plan 18046:Êzîdxan Women's Units 17995:SDF military councils 17725:military intervention 17698:Hezbollah involvement 17653:Military and militias 17496:North Lebanon clashes 17257:Missile strikes (Jan) 17144:Missile strikes (Aug) 17062:Missile strikes (Sep) 17007:Missile strikes (Apr) 17002:Douma chemical attack 16853:Daraa offensive (Jun) 16544:Al-Shaddadi offensive 16482:Tishrin Dam offensive 16362:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 16357:Air Force An-26 crash 16299:Daraa offensive (Oct) 16183:Deir ez-Zor offensive 16049:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 15849:First Battle of Idlib 15673:Human rights in Syria 15547:Kurdish Area in Syria 15363:Background and causes 14034:"Erreur - Libération" 6326:. ISW. December 2011. 5543: 5489: 5390: 5298:opposition activist. 5225: 4892:Further information: 4875: 4841:Further information: 4760: 4729:4th Armoured Division 4642: 4571: 4529: 4394: 4347:Amnesty International 4214:In early December, a 4191:wounded in Baba Amr. 3824:2014 rescue operation 3498:North Lebanon clashes 3150:First Idlib offensive 2965:3rd Southern Damascus 2938:2nd Southern Damascus 2885:1st Southern Damascus 2549:18th Aleppo offensive 2513:17th Aleppo offensive 2500:16th Aleppo offensive 2480:15th Aleppo offensive 2470:Deir ez-Zor airstrike 2389:4th Latakia offensive 2091:3rd Latakia offensive 1799:U.S.-led intervention 1776:U.S.-led intervention 1659:2nd Latakia offensive 1525:1st Latakia offensive 1068:Syrian–Turkish border 859:Background and causes 623:Casualties and losses 573:11th Armored Division 432:(since February 2012) 108:34.73083°N 36.70944°E 18655:Geneva II conference 18613:Arab League monitors 18590:Spillover in Lebanon 18499:2018 local elections 18464:2011 local elections 18244:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 18005:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 17831:Syrian National Army 17805:Syrian Support Group 17331:Operation Claw-Sword 17306:Battle of al-Hasakah 17052:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 16893:Hama offensive (Sep) 16743:January Azaz bombing 16656:5 September bombings 16427:Tell Abyad offensive 16225:Battle of Al-Malihah 16125:Battle of Tell Abyad 16120:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 15871:May Battle of Rastan 15668:Damascus Declaration 15512:Russian intervention 15470:Syrian peace process 15460:2012–2013 escalation 15443:Phases and processes 15383:Inter-rebel conflict 15368:Syrian peace process 13620:AFP (28 July 2013). 13484:26 July 2013 at the 13336:23 July 2013 at the 12517:on 16 February 2013. 11507:on 28 November 2012. 11432:Stanford Web Archive 11335:"Monday 9 July 2012" 10496:. CNN. 15 April 2012 10277:. CNN. 21 March 2012 9465:Paul Conroy (2013). 9422:Paul Conroy (2013). 9347:(27 February 2012). 6911:on 16 September 2011 6321:"Struggle for Syria" 5868:. CNN. 21 March 2012 5712:on 27 September 2016 4239:Agence France-Presse 3980:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 3834:2017 missile strikes 3731:Iran–Israel conflict 3721:Iranian intervention 3513:Turkish F4 shootdown 3396:3rd Northern clashes 3386:2nd Northern clashes 3375:Northwestern clashes 2958:2nd Eastern Qalamoun 2455:1st Eastern Qalamoun 2286:8th Aleppo offensive 2222:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man 2171:7th Aleppo offensive 2150:al-Qamishli bombings 2145:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin 2124:6th Aleppo offensive 2107:5th Aleppo offensive 2074:Russian intervention 2059:Russian intervention 1980:4th Aleppo offensive 1845:3rd Aleppo offensive 1835:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin 1820:2014 Idlib city raid 1609:Inter-rebel conflict 1383:Abu al-Duhur Airbase 1368:Nubl & Al-Zahraa 1319:2nd Aleppo offensive 1313:1st Aleppo offensive 976:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 762:August–December 2015 752:August–December 2014 633:5,000–6,000 captured 630:(June 2012–May 2014) 601:Unit 910 (Hezbollah) 547:4th Armored Division 423:(Al Nusra commander) 346:Abdul Rahman Orfalli 289:Abdul Qadir al-Homsi 191:Syrian Arab Republic 18545:Foreign involvement 18424:Abdurrahman Mustafa 18379:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 18344:Abdul Halim Khaddam 17856:Army of Free Tribes 17824:Opposition militias 17715:Russian involvement 17703:Iranian involvement 17660:Syrian Armed Forces 17439:Operation al-Shabah 17405:March 2017 incident 17124:Tell Rifaat clashes 16940:Beit Jinn offensive 16933:Abu Kamal offensive 16873:Idlib clashes (Jul) 16843:East Hama offensive 16564:Battle of Tel Abyad 16304:Al-Safira offensive 16294:Homs school bombing 16083:Battle of al-Qusayr 16078:Al-Qusayr offensive 15881:Battle of al-Haffah 15854:Battle of al-Qusayr 15730:May Talkalakh siege 15638:Corrective Movement 15517:Turkish involvement 15507:Russian involvement 15044:The Huffington Post 14896:. 17 November 2016. 14369:The Washington Post 14040:on 22 February 2014 13747:The Washington Post 13214:The Washington Post 12408:The Washington Post 12179:on 24 December 2012 11692:on 29 November 2012 11451:on 28 November 2012 11132:on 21 February 2013 11050:on 21 February 2013 10983:on 21 February 2013 10881:on 12 February 2014 10837:on 4 February 2013. 10080:on 5 September 2012 9875:. CNN. 1 March 2012 9614:The Daily Telegraph 9590:on 4 September 2012 9353:The Washington Post 9319:hindustantimes.com/ 9292:The Daily Telegraph 9198:on 14 February 2012 9172:on 21 February 2012 9063:on 21 February 2012 9033:on 14 February 2012 8980:on 21 February 2012 8882:on 29 February 2012 8422:on 27 December 2013 8324:. Point 44, page 6. 8194:. CNN. 16 July 2010 7251:on 30 December 2011 7159:(8 November 2011). 6942:on 27 November 2015 6297:The Washington Post 6043:on 24 November 2015 5968:on 4 September 2012 5647:Buenos Aires Herald 4965:UN Security Council 4859:UN Security Council 4564:2012 Homs offensive 4509:On 22 January, two 4330:Lieutenant General 4259:In mid-December, a 4117:May 2011 resistance 3985:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 3975:Rastan and Talbiseh 3944:(March–August 2011) 3885:French intervention 3880:German intervention 3755:Turkish involvement 3726:2017 missile strike 3716:Russian involvement 3658:Spillover in Europe 3619:Spillover in Turkey 3599:2017 Tehran attacks 3349:3rd Al-Hasakah city 2414:3rd Al-Hasakah City 2336:Jableh & Tartus 2326:3rd Shaer gas field 2192:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab 2165:1st Sayyidah Zaynab 1970:2nd Al-Hasakah city 1938:1st Al-Hasakah city 1875:Hama/Homs offensive 1855:4th Daraa offensive 1830:2nd Shaer gas field 1810:3rd Daraa offensive 1805:Homs school bombing 1698:1st Shaer gas field 1654:2nd Daraa offensive 1597:(Jan. – Sept. 2014) 1495:Al-Qusayr offensive 1463:1st Daraa offensive 1033:Start of insurgency 981:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 971:Rastan and Talbiseh 940:(March–August 2011) 636:(by late July 2012) 628:2,000–2,200 killed 616:6,000–10,000 troops 507:Liwa al-Haqq (Homs) 204:Syrian Armed Forces 104: / 18364:Ali Mahmoud Othman 17810:Adopt a Revolution 17773:National Coalition 17765:Interim government 17365:Damascus airstrike 17272:US airstrike (Jun) 17262:US airstrike (Feb) 17228:Deir ez-Zor ambush 17169:Qah missile strike 17047:As-Suwayda attacks 17042:Southern offensive 16883:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 16793:Al-Jinah airstrike 16559:Khanasir offensive 16279:Quneitra offensive 16039:Damascus offensive 16034:Battle of Shadadeh 15896:Battle of Damascus 15886:Al-Qubeir massacre 15864:Battle of Taftanaz 15775:Battle of Zabadani 15233:Human Rights Watch 15224:, 16 December 2011 15221:Human Rights Watch 15212:, 11 November 2011 15209:Human Rights Watch 15102:on 17 January 2017 15046:. 28 February 2012 14755:8 May 2014 at the 14731:on 2 February 2016 14685:4 May 2014 at the 14667:3 May 2014 at the 14649:3 May 2014 at the 14625:on 21 October 2020 14574:on 29 October 2014 14065:The New York Times 13897:on 10 January 2014 13837:on 25 October 2014 13243:on 3 February 2014 13161:on 2 February 2016 13136:The New York Times 12859:Independent Online 12646:on 25 October 2014 12540:on 2 February 2016 12461:. 30 December 2012 12435:on 25 October 2014 12363:on 2 February 2016 12303:. 29 December 2012 12105:The New York Times 12080:on 2 December 2013 11896:on 11 October 2012 11805:on 12 October 2012 11744:on 2 February 2014 11635:on 25 October 2014 11562:on 25 October 2014 11525:on 30 January 2013 11232:on 23 October 2013 11206:on 31 October 2012 11102:on 30 January 2013 10907:on 25 October 2014 10786:has generic name ( 10601:. 2 September 2012 10549:on 5 December 2012 9957:on 2 February 2016 9804:has generic name ( 9650:on 2 February 2016 9515:. 28 February 2012 9325:on 25 October 2014 9294:. 23 February 2012 9246:The New York Times 9006:on 8 February 2012 8711:on 5 February 2012 8619:on 6 February 2012 8345:on 30 January 2012 8303:on 8 February 2012 8224:on 31 January 2012 8116:on 30 January 2012 7982:on 30 January 2012 7901:on 2 February 2012 7849:on 4 February 2012 7819:on 31 January 2012 7649:on 7 February 2012 7597:. 23 December 2011 7385:on 19 October 2017 7277:. 26 November 2011 7207:on 28 January 2012 7165:The New York Times 6829:on 24 October 2012 6702:on 11 January 2013 6675:The New York Times 6648:The New York Times 6343:The New York Times 6272:on 14 October 2015 6239:on 25 October 2014 6179:. 23 December 2011 6096:8 May 2012 at the 5579:In popular culture 5547:summary executions 5496: 5404:Frans van der Lugt 5393: 5228: 5179:Shaam News Network 4878: 4763: 4645: 4629:summarily executed 4579:1982 Hama massacre 4574: 4532: 4397: 4377:Sarah Leah Whitson 4369:Human Rights Watch 4305:citizen journalist 4163:July–November 2011 3841:Qatari involvement 3595:Spillover in Iran 3391:Deir ez-Zor (2023) 2987:2nd Southern Syria 2782:7th Hama offensive 2765:Euphrates Crossing 2660:Aleppo bus bombing 2635:6th Hama offensive 2506:2nd Raqqa campaign 2495:2nd Western al-Bab 2460:September bombings 2450:1st Western al-Bab 2444:5th Hama offensive 2355:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa 2177:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa 2130:4th Hama offensive 2017:Kuweires offensive 1825:Nusra–FSA conflict 1717:3rd Hama offensive 1515:2nd Hama offensive 1452:1st Raqqa campaign 1422:1st Hama offensive 812:January–April 2019 797:January–April 2018 782:January–April 2017 767:January–April 2016 737:January–April 2013 722:January–April 2012 707:January–April 2011 642:(by mid-Feb. 2012) 369:Abdelbasset Saroot 331:Abdul Razzaq Tlass 305:Khadar Al Halouani 113:34.73083; 36.70944 18791: 18790: 18769: 18768: 18765: 18764: 18722:Exclusive mandate 18699:War crimes trials 18670:2016 Geneva talks 18437: 18436: 18429:Fadlallah al-Haji 18384:Bouthaina Shaaban 18167: 18166: 18163: 18162: 18159: 18158: 18054: 18053: 17985:Al-Sanadid Forces 17980:Anti-Terror Units 17917: 17916: 17750: 17749: 17665:Syrian Resistance 17621:Politics of Syria 17593: 17592: 17589: 17588: 17585: 17584: 17360:Al-Sukhnah attack 17321:Jarqli airstrikes 17203:COVID-19 pandemic 17159:November bombings 16977:Battle of Khasham 16923:Mayadin offensive 16908:Battle of Harasta 16778:Palmyra offensive 16462:Al-Hawl offensive 16422:Qamishli bombings 16220:Latakia Offensive 16178:Battle of Markada 15991:Battle of Darayya 15967:Battle of Darayya 15891:Battle of Tremseh 15710:Syrian Revolution 15643:Islamist uprising 15595: 15594: 15591: 15590: 15450:Syrian revolution 15393:Cities and towns 15204:We Live as in War 14930:Los Angeles Times 14823:. 23 August 2015. 13753:on 2 August 2013. 13723:. 29 January 2014 13185:The Seattle Times 12724:on 11 April 2013. 12251:. 6 December 2012 12054:. 13 October 2012 12010:. 12 October 2012 11434:(13 August 2012). 10543:MyrtleBeachOnline 9313:Hindustan Times. 8549:"Syria Live Blog" 8504:. 2 February 2012 8142:. 27 January 2012 7437:. 8 December 2011 7303:on 7 January 2012 7087:. 4 November 2011 7061:. 3 November 2011 6746:. CNN. 9 May 2011 6569:. ISW. June 2013. 5731:Petkova, Mariya. 5706:Al Akhbar English 5331:Siege of Old Homs 5109:By October 2012, 4431:On 11 January, a 4035:In early May 2011 4016:Syrian opposition 4003: 4002: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3875:Dutch involvement 3863:Saudi involvement 3666: 3665: 3634:Balyun airstrikes 3556:May 2018 incident 3518:Reyhanlı bombings 3478:Lebanon spillover 3431: 3430: 3401:Homs drone strike 3271: 3270: 3222:Northern bombings 3116: 3115: 3011: 3010: 2872:3rd Syrian Desert 2790: 2789: 2754:2nd Eastern Syria 2675:2nd Syrian Desert 2654:US Shayrat strike 2577: 2576: 2529:1st Syrian Desert 2264:Aleppo escalation 2230: 2229: 2025: 2024: 1742: 1741: 1704:1st Eastern Syria 1560: 1559: 1520:Bayda and Baniyas 1182: 1181: 999: 998: 757:January–July 2015 747:January–July 2014 742:May–December 2013 652: 651: 643: 637: 631: 551:555th SF regiment 538:127th SF Regiment 525:556th SF regiment 482:Free Syrian Army: 433: 413: 397: 381: 366: 362:Mohammed al-Sukni 359: 343: 339:Abu Sayeh Juneidi 335: 327: 322:Fatih Fahd Hasoon 318: 302: 221:Security agencies 138: 137: 18856: 18781: 18780: 18555:Humanitarian aid 18535:Chemical weapons 18530:Cities and towns 18454: 18453: 18443: 18442: 18399:Fadwa Souleimane 18389:Abdulbaset Sieda 18369:Ibrahim Qashoush 18359:Ali Habib Mahmud 18269:Hamza al-Khateeb 18264:Kamal al-Labwani 18254:Haitham al-Maleh 18249:Suheil al-Hassan 18187:Ammar Abdulhamid 18173: 18172: 18146:Malhama Tactical 18131:Caucasus Emirate 18065: 18064: 17930: 17929: 17836:Free Syrian Army 17761: 17760: 17617: 17616: 17610: 17609: 17599: 17598: 17392: 17391: 17349: 17295: 17241: 17223:Ayn Issa clashes 17192: 17080: 16953: 16878:Central campaign 16773:Qaboun offensive 16719: 16696:Battle of al-Bab 16619:Manbij offensive 16500: 16342: 16205:Al-Otaiba ambush 16158: 16029:Battle of Safira 16014: 15984:Halfaya massacre 15935:Darayya massacre 15918:Siege of Base 46 15913:Battle of Anadan 15908:Battle of Aleppo 15844:Battle of Rastan 15820: 15792:Battle of Rastan 15760:Siege of Latakia 15725:Siege of Baniyas 15691: 15648:Latakia protests 15614: 15613: 15601: 15600: 15353:Syrian civil war 15333: 15332: 15322: 15321: 15314:Syrian civil war 15307: 15300: 15293: 15284: 15283: 15268: 15236:, 10 April 2012. 15193: 15191: 15189: 15177: 15160: 15155: 15154: 15138: 15137: 15135: 15133: 15118: 15112: 15111: 15109: 15107: 15098:. 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Archived from 14030: 14024: 14023: 14021: 14019: 14008: 14002: 14001: 13999: 13997: 13985: 13979: 13978: 13976: 13974: 13963: 13957: 13956: 13954: 13952: 13938: 13932: 13931: 13929: 13927: 13913: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13902: 13893:. Archived from 13883: 13877: 13876: 13874: 13872: 13853: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13842: 13833:. Archived from 13827: 13821: 13809: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13798: 13782: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13771: 13761: 13755: 13754: 13739: 13733: 13732: 13730: 13728: 13713: 13707: 13706: 13705:on 29 July 2013. 13691: 13685: 13684: 13682: 13680: 13669: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13658: 13643: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13617: 13611: 13610: 13608: 13606: 13597:. Archived from 13590: 13584: 13583: 13581: 13579: 13565: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13554: 13543: 13537: 13536: 13534: 13532: 13516: 13510: 13509: 13508:on 26 July 2013. 13494: 13488: 13476: 13470: 13469: 13467: 13465: 13451: 13445: 13444: 13443:on 24 July 2013. 13429: 13423: 13422: 13420: 13418: 13408: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13397: 13382: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13357: 13351: 13346: 13340: 13328: 13322: 13321: 13306: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13295: 13284: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13259: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13239:. Archived from 13229: 13223: 13222: 13205: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13191: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13157:. Archived from 13146: 13140: 13139: 13127: 13121: 13120: 13118: 13116: 13101: 13095: 13094: 13092: 13090: 13075: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13064: 13049: 13043: 13042: 13040: 13038: 13027: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13016: 13001: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12990: 12983:L'Orient-Le Jour 12975: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12964: 12954: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12934:. Archived from 12932:Businessweek.com 12923: 12917: 12916: 12914: 12912: 12902: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12876: 12870: 12869: 12867: 12865: 12850: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12824: 12818: 12817: 12815: 12813: 12808:on 16 March 2013 12804:. Archived from 12798: 12792: 12787: 12781: 12780: 12778: 12776: 12767:. Archived from 12757: 12751: 12750: 12748: 12746: 12732: 12726: 12725: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12699: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12662: 12656: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12642:. Archived from 12640:Al Jazeera Blogs 12632: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12621: 12607: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12582: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12571: 12556: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12536:. Archived from 12525: 12519: 12518: 12503: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12492: 12477: 12471: 12470: 12468: 12466: 12451: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12440: 12431:. Archived from 12425: 12419: 12418: 12416: 12414: 12400: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12389: 12379: 12373: 12372: 12370: 12368: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12329:. Archived from 12319: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12284: 12282: 12267: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12245: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12234: 12220: 12214: 12213: 12211: 12209: 12195: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12184: 12175:. Archived from 12173:Al Jazeera Blogs 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12140: 12134: 12133: 12131: 12129: 12115: 12109: 12108: 12096: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12076:. Archived from 12070: 12064: 12063: 12061: 12059: 12044: 12038: 12026: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12015: 12000: 11994: 11982: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11966:. Nowlebanon.com 11960: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11938: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11922:. 9 October 2012 11912: 11906: 11905: 11903: 11901: 11892:. Archived from 11886: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11860: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11839: 11833: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11810: 11801:. Archived from 11795: 11789: 11784: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11770: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11749: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11723: 11718:on 18 April 2018 11714:. Archived from 11708: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11697: 11688:. Archived from 11678: 11672: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11658:. Archived from 11651: 11645: 11644: 11642: 11640: 11631:. Archived from 11625: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11605:. Archived from 11599: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11578: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11567: 11558:. Archived from 11552: 11546: 11541: 11535: 11534: 11532: 11530: 11515: 11509: 11508: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11477:on 6 August 2012 11473:. Archived from 11467: 11461: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11447:. Archived from 11441: 11435: 11422: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11411: 11402:. Archived from 11396: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11385: 11374: 11368: 11367: 11365: 11363: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11344: 11342: 11331: 11325: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11306: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11295: 11285: 11279: 11274: 11268: 11267: 11265: 11263: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11237: 11228:. Archived from 11222: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11202:. Archived from 11196: 11190: 11185: 11179: 11174: 11168: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11158:on 3 August 2012 11154:. Archived from 11148: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11128:. Archived from 11126:Al Jazeera Blogs 11118: 11112: 11111: 11109: 11107: 11092: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11046:. Archived from 11044:Al Jazeera Blogs 11036: 11030: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11014: 10999: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10979:. Archived from 10977:Al Jazeera Blogs 10969: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10923: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10912: 10903:. Archived from 10897: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10877:. Archived from 10871: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10845: 10839: 10838: 10823: 10817: 10816: 10814: 10812: 10798: 10792: 10791: 10785: 10781: 10779: 10771: 10769: 10767: 10752: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10706:. Archived from 10696: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10671: 10665: 10664: 10662: 10660: 10645: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10628: 10622: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10591: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10580: 10565: 10559: 10558: 10556: 10554: 10545:. Archived from 10534: 10528: 10527: 10525: 10523: 10512: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10442: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10416: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10405: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10358: 10356: 10351:on 30 March 2012 10341: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10315: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10293: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10271: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10238: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10207:on 14 April 2012 10197: 10191: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10171: 10165: 10164: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10110:on 20 March 2012 10096: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10017: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9943: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9919: 9913: 9912: 9900: 9894: 9891: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9803: 9799: 9797: 9789: 9787: 9785: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9761: 9759: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9728:on 16 April 2012 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9692: 9686: 9685: 9683: 9681: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9646:. Archived from 9635: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9606: 9600: 9599: 9597: 9595: 9576: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9513:NBC Nightly News 9505: 9499: 9498: 9492: 9488: 9486: 9478: 9462: 9456: 9455: 9449: 9445: 9443: 9435: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9401:moneycontrol.com 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9370: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9341: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9321:. Archived from 9310: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9284: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9236: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9225: 9214: 9208: 9207: 9205: 9203: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9115:. Archived from 9113:Al Jazeera Blogs 9105: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9089:on 30 April 2012 9079: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9022: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8996: 8990: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8898: 8892: 8891: 8889: 8887: 8872: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8856:on 30 April 2012 8846: 8840: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8753: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8727: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8668: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8645:. Archived from 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8615:. Archived from 8605: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8594: 8585:. Archived from 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8559:on 11 March 2012 8555:. Archived from 8545: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8534: 8523: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8457: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8412: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8350: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8267: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8240: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8158: 8152: 8151: 8149: 8147: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8102: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8008:. 5 January 2012 7998: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7968: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7917: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7865: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7854: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7789:on 16 April 2013 7779: 7773: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7752: 7750: 7745:. 4 January 2012 7735: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7687: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7635: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7587: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7535: 7529: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7505: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7456: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7427: 7421: 7420: 7418: 7416: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7308: 7293: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7267: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6938:. Archived from 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6825:. Archived from 6814: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6751: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6718: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6692: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6612: 6606: 6605: 6604:. 5 August 2013. 6594: 6585: 6584: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6563: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6526: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6507: 6499: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6467: 6461:. Archived from 6454: 6445: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6418:. Archived from 6411: 6402: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6374: 6365: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6317: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6303: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6268:. Archived from 6266:Al Jazeera Blogs 6258: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6235:. Archived from 6233:Maan News Agency 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6149:. Archived from 6143: 6134: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6106: 6100: 6088: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6065:. Archived from 6059: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6032: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6006: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5973: 5958: 5952: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5924:on 22 March 2014 5920:. Archived from 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5807: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5782: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5708:. Archived from 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5682:on 31 March 2016 5668: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5639: 5623: 5620: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5530: 5529: 5528: 4908:military academy 4906:from the nearby 4854:Hadi Al Abdullah 4790:Battle of Grozny 4745: 4723:Fall of Baba Amr 4672:The Sunday Times 4515:Associated Press 4479:French president 4293:Arab League plan 4185:Free Syrian Army 4154:On 20 May, anti- 4107: 4058:Free Syrian Army 4024:Syrian Civil War 3945: 3934: 3927: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3770:Euphrates Shield 3703: 3701: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3468: 3466: 3456: 3449: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3304: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3273: 3272: 3238:5th Northwestern 3190:Raqqa & Azaz 3179:4th Northwestern 3168: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3118: 3117: 3088:Daraa insurgency 3050: 3046: 3036: 3029: 3022: 3013: 3012: 2922:10th Rif Dimashq 2832: 2827: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2792: 2791: 2760:Deir ez-Zor city 2614: 2609:Collapse of the 2602: 2595: 2588: 2579: 2578: 2276: 2273: 2271:Euphrates Shield 2265: 2255: 2248: 2241: 2232: 2231: 2212:2nd Al-Qaryatayn 2063: 2060: 2050: 2043: 2036: 2027: 2026: 2002:1st al-Qaryatayn 1950:Daraa/As-Suwayda 1909:2nd Yarmouk camp 1899:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya 1788: 1777: 1767: 1760: 1753: 1744: 1743: 1634:al-Otaiba ambush 1598: 1595: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1562: 1561: 1398:1st Yarmouk camp 1327:Syrian Kurdistan 1222: 1207: 1200: 1193: 1184: 1183: 1037: 1034: 1024: 1017: 1010: 1001: 1000: 941: 930: 923: 916: 907: 906: 687: 686:Syrian civil war 678: 671: 664: 655: 654: 641: 635: 629: 560:Republican Guard 535:35th SF Regiment 469: 461:Nizar al-Hussein 456: 431: 415:Sheikh Abu Rateb 411: 408: 395: 392: 379: 375: 364: 358:(protest leader) 357: 354: 341: 333: 325: 316: 313: 300: 297: 274: 272: 271: 262: 261: 260: 250: 249: 248: 231: 230: 229: 214: 213: 212: 202: 201: 200: 189: 188: 176: 175: 174: 165: 164: 163: 156:Free Syrian Army 154: 153: 119: 118: 116: 115: 114: 109: 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 65: 64: 57: 50:Syrian Arab Army 47: 41: 31:Syrian Civil War 21: 20: 18864: 18863: 18859: 18858: 18857: 18855: 18854: 18853: 18794: 18793: 18792: 18787: 18761: 18710: 18694: 18599: 18513: 18448: 18433: 18414:Razan Zaitouneh 18319:Burhan Ghalioun 18294:Ammar al-Qurabi 18202:al-Assad family 18192:Ali al-Abdallah 18178: 18155: 18141:Junud al-Makhdi 18136:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 18106: 18050: 18014: 17956: 17934:DFNS Government 17924: 17913: 17889:US intervention 17881:Foreign support 17875: 17819: 17746: 17708:Liwa Fatemiyoun 17690:Foreign support 17684: 17675:al-Quds Brigade 17648: 17604: 17581: 17564: 17505: 17486:Battle of Sidon 17466: 17448: 17419: 17379: 17350: 17345: 17340: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17242: 17237: 17232: 17193: 17188: 17183: 17089: 17085: 17081: 17076: 17071: 16962: 16958: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16848:Battle of Raqqa 16803:Battle of Tabqa 16728: 16724: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16676:Dabiq offensive 16624:Tokhar massacre 16509: 16505: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16432:Kobanî massacre 16392:Idlib Offensive 16387:Battle of Bosra 16347: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16289:Siege of Kobanî 16245:Battle of Arsal 16210:Idlib offensive 16190:Battle of Morek 16163: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16056:Daraa offensive 16019: 16015: 16010: 16005: 15957:Battle of Harem 15829: 15825: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15780:Battle of Douma 15700: 15696: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15653:Damascus Spring 15608: 15587: 15566: 15562:U.S. task force 15557:Rojava conflict 15495: 15474: 15438: 15407: 15327: 15316: 15311: 15274:documentary by 15266: 15259:documentary on 15247:documentary on 15200: 15187: 15185: 15180: 15156: 15149: 15146: 15144:Further reading 15141: 15131: 15129: 15119: 15115: 15105: 15103: 15090: 15089: 15085: 15075: 15073: 15064: 15063: 15059: 15049: 15047: 15038: 15037: 15033: 15023: 15021: 15016: 15015: 15011: 15001: 14999: 14989: 14985: 14972: 14971: 14967: 14957: 14955: 14942: 14941: 14937: 14924: 14923: 14919: 14906: 14905: 14901: 14888: 14887: 14883: 14867: 14866: 14859: 14857: 14846: 14842: 14833: 14832: 14828: 14819: 14818: 14814: 14804: 14802: 14793: 14792: 14788: 14778: 14776: 14767: 14766: 14762: 14757:Wayback Machine 14748: 14744: 14734: 14732: 14719: 14718: 14714: 14704: 14702: 14696: 14692: 14687:Wayback Machine 14678: 14674: 14669:Wayback Machine 14660: 14656: 14651:Wayback Machine 14642: 14638: 14628: 14626: 14613: 14612: 14608: 14598: 14596: 14592: 14591: 14587: 14577: 14575: 14562: 14561: 14557: 14547: 14545: 14544:. 22 April 2014 14540: 14539: 14535: 14525: 14523: 14519: 14518: 14514: 14504: 14502: 14494: 14493: 14489: 14479: 14477: 14469: 14468: 14464: 14454: 14452: 14451:on 3 March 2016 14439: 14438: 14434: 14424: 14422: 14414: 14413: 14409: 14399: 14397: 14387: 14383: 14373: 14371: 14363: 14362: 14358: 14348: 14346: 14342: 14341: 14337: 14327: 14325: 14321: 14320: 14316: 14306: 14304: 14300: 14299: 14295: 14285: 14283: 14279: 14278: 14274: 14264: 14262: 14261:. 15 April 2014 14257: 14256: 14252: 14242: 14240: 14232: 14231: 14227: 14217: 14215: 14206: 14205: 14201: 14191: 14189: 14185: 14184: 14180: 14170: 14168: 14164: 14163: 14159: 14149: 14147: 14143: 14142: 14138: 14128: 14126: 14118: 14117: 14108: 14098: 14096: 14088: 14087: 14083: 14076: 14072: 14057: 14053: 14043: 14041: 14032: 14031: 14027: 14017: 14015: 14010: 14009: 14005: 13995: 13993: 13986: 13982: 13972: 13970: 13965: 13964: 13960: 13950: 13948: 13946:The Independent 13940: 13939: 13935: 13925: 13923: 13915: 13914: 13910: 13900: 13898: 13885: 13884: 13880: 13870: 13868: 13855: 13854: 13850: 13840: 13838: 13829: 13828: 13824: 13819:Wayback Machine 13810: 13806: 13796: 13794: 13791:The Independent 13783: 13779: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13762: 13758: 13741: 13740: 13736: 13726: 13724: 13715: 13714: 13710: 13693: 13692: 13688: 13678: 13676: 13671: 13670: 13666: 13656: 13654: 13651:Telegraph.co.uk 13645: 13644: 13640: 13630: 13628: 13618: 13614: 13604: 13602: 13601:on 28 July 2013 13593:Times of Oman. 13591: 13587: 13577: 13575: 13567: 13566: 13562: 13552: 13550: 13545: 13544: 13540: 13530: 13528: 13518: 13517: 13513: 13496: 13495: 13491: 13486:Wayback Machine 13477: 13473: 13463: 13461: 13453: 13452: 13448: 13431: 13430: 13426: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13409: 13405: 13395: 13393: 13384: 13383: 13379: 13369: 13367: 13359: 13358: 13354: 13347: 13343: 13338:Wayback Machine 13329: 13325: 13320:on 7 July 2013. 13308: 13307: 13303: 13293: 13291: 13286: 13285: 13281: 13271: 13269: 13261: 13260: 13256: 13246: 13244: 13231: 13230: 13226: 13221:on 7 July 2013. 13207: 13206: 13199: 13189: 13187: 13179: 13178: 13174: 13164: 13162: 13147: 13143: 13128: 13124: 13114: 13112: 13103: 13102: 13098: 13088: 13086: 13077: 13076: 13072: 13062: 13060: 13051: 13050: 13046: 13036: 13034: 13029: 13028: 13024: 13014: 13012: 13002: 12998: 12988: 12986: 12977: 12976: 12972: 12962: 12960: 12956: 12955: 12951: 12941: 12939: 12924: 12920: 12910: 12908: 12904: 12903: 12899: 12889: 12887: 12886:. 26 March 2013 12878: 12877: 12873: 12863: 12861: 12851: 12847: 12837: 12835: 12834:. 14 March 2013 12826: 12825: 12821: 12811: 12809: 12800: 12799: 12795: 12788: 12784: 12774: 12772: 12771:on 2 March 2014 12759: 12758: 12754: 12744: 12742: 12734: 12733: 12729: 12712: 12711: 12707: 12697: 12695: 12686: 12685: 12681: 12671: 12669: 12664: 12663: 12659: 12649: 12647: 12634: 12633: 12629: 12619: 12617: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12594: 12592: 12584: 12583: 12579: 12569: 12567: 12557: 12553: 12543: 12541: 12526: 12522: 12505: 12504: 12500: 12490: 12488: 12478: 12474: 12464: 12462: 12453: 12452: 12448: 12438: 12436: 12427: 12426: 12422: 12412: 12410: 12402: 12401: 12397: 12387: 12385: 12381: 12380: 12376: 12366: 12364: 12351: 12350: 12346: 12336: 12334: 12321: 12320: 12316: 12306: 12304: 12295: 12294: 12290: 12280: 12278: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12254: 12252: 12247: 12246: 12242: 12232: 12230: 12222: 12221: 12217: 12207: 12205: 12203:The Independent 12197: 12196: 12192: 12182: 12180: 12167: 12166: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12142: 12141: 12137: 12127: 12125: 12123:The Independent 12117: 12116: 12112: 12097: 12093: 12083: 12081: 12072: 12071: 12067: 12057: 12055: 12046: 12045: 12041: 12036:Wayback Machine 12027: 12023: 12013: 12011: 12002: 12001: 11997: 11992:Wayback Machine 11983: 11979: 11969: 11967: 11962: 11961: 11957: 11947: 11945: 11939: 11935: 11925: 11923: 11914: 11913: 11909: 11899: 11897: 11888: 11887: 11883: 11873: 11871: 11861: 11857: 11847: 11845: 11841: 11840: 11836: 11831:Wayback Machine 11822: 11818: 11808: 11806: 11797: 11796: 11792: 11785: 11778: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11761: 11757: 11747: 11745: 11736: 11735: 11731: 11721: 11719: 11710: 11709: 11705: 11695: 11693: 11680: 11679: 11675: 11665: 11663: 11652: 11648: 11638: 11636: 11627: 11626: 11622: 11612: 11610: 11609:on 3 March 2016 11601: 11600: 11596: 11586: 11584: 11580: 11579: 11575: 11565: 11563: 11554: 11553: 11549: 11542: 11538: 11528: 11526: 11517: 11516: 11512: 11495: 11494: 11490: 11480: 11478: 11469: 11468: 11464: 11454: 11452: 11443: 11442: 11438: 11423: 11419: 11409: 11407: 11406:on 23 July 2012 11398: 11397: 11393: 11383: 11381: 11376: 11375: 11371: 11361: 11359: 11355: 11354: 11350: 11340: 11338: 11333: 11332: 11328: 11318: 11316: 11308: 11307: 11303: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11286: 11282: 11275: 11271: 11261: 11259: 11249: 11245: 11235: 11233: 11224: 11223: 11219: 11209: 11207: 11198: 11197: 11193: 11186: 11182: 11175: 11171: 11161: 11159: 11150: 11149: 11145: 11135: 11133: 11120: 11119: 11115: 11105: 11103: 11094: 11093: 11089: 11079: 11077: 11068: 11067: 11063: 11053: 11051: 11038: 11037: 11033: 11026: 11022: 11012: 11010: 11001: 11000: 10996: 10986: 10984: 10971: 10970: 10966: 10956: 10954: 10950: 10949: 10945: 10935: 10933: 10925: 10924: 10920: 10910: 10908: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10884: 10882: 10873: 10872: 10868: 10858: 10856: 10847: 10846: 10842: 10825: 10824: 10820: 10810: 10808: 10806:The Independent 10800: 10799: 10795: 10783: 10782: 10773: 10772: 10765: 10763: 10753: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10713: 10711: 10710:on 4 March 2016 10698: 10697: 10693: 10683: 10681: 10673: 10672: 10668: 10658: 10656: 10646: 10642: 10634: 10630: 10629: 10625: 10618: 10614: 10604: 10602: 10593: 10592: 10588: 10578: 10576: 10575:. 21 April 2012 10567: 10566: 10562: 10552: 10550: 10535: 10531: 10521: 10519: 10514: 10513: 10509: 10499: 10497: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10477: 10475: 10474:. 14 April 2012 10466: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10444: 10443: 10439: 10429: 10427: 10418: 10417: 10413: 10403: 10401: 10390: 10386: 10376: 10374: 10369: 10368: 10364: 10354: 10352: 10343: 10342: 10338: 10328: 10326: 10317: 10316: 10312: 10302: 10300: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10280: 10278: 10273: 10272: 10268: 10258: 10256: 10251: 10250: 10246: 10236: 10234: 10225: 10224: 10220: 10210: 10208: 10199: 10198: 10194: 10184: 10182: 10173: 10172: 10168: 10153: 10149: 10139: 10137: 10136:on 10 July 2012 10128: 10127: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10068: 10067: 10063: 10053: 10051: 10044: 10040: 10030: 10028: 10018: 10011: 10001: 9999: 9994: 9993: 9989: 9974: 9970: 9960: 9958: 9945: 9944: 9937: 9927: 9925: 9921: 9920: 9916: 9901: 9897: 9892: 9888: 9878: 9876: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9856: 9854: 9853:on 5 March 2012 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9818: 9817: 9813: 9801: 9800: 9791: 9790: 9783: 9781: 9771: 9767: 9757: 9755: 9745: 9741: 9731: 9729: 9720: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9694: 9693: 9689: 9679: 9677: 9667: 9663: 9653: 9651: 9636: 9629: 9619: 9617: 9608: 9607: 9603: 9593: 9591: 9578: 9577: 9573: 9563: 9561: 9551: 9547: 9532: 9528: 9518: 9516: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9490: 9489: 9480: 9479: 9469:. p. 313. 9463: 9459: 9447: 9446: 9437: 9436: 9426:. p. 313. 9420: 9416: 9406: 9404: 9403:. CNBC. Reuters 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9372: 9371: 9367: 9357: 9355: 9342: 9338: 9328: 9326: 9311: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9286: 9285: 9281: 9271: 9269: 9266:The Independent 9258: 9254: 9237: 9233: 9223: 9221: 9216: 9215: 9211: 9201: 9199: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9173: 9164: 9163: 9159: 9149: 9147: 9136: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9092: 9090: 9081: 9080: 9076: 9066: 9064: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9036: 9034: 9023: 9019: 9009: 9007: 8998: 8997: 8993: 8983: 8981: 8972: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8955: 8948: 8944: 8934: 8932: 8931:on 2 April 2012 8923: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8899: 8895: 8885: 8883: 8874: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8848: 8847: 8843: 8833: 8831: 8826: 8825: 8821: 8811: 8809: 8802: 8798: 8788: 8786: 8781: 8780: 8776: 8766: 8764: 8754: 8750: 8740: 8738: 8729: 8728: 8724: 8714: 8712: 8699: 8698: 8694: 8684: 8682: 8669: 8662: 8652: 8650: 8649:on 24 July 2012 8637: 8636: 8632: 8622: 8620: 8607: 8606: 8602: 8592: 8590: 8577: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8532: 8530: 8525: 8524: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8470: 8469: 8465: 8455: 8453: 8442:"AJE live blog" 8440: 8439: 8435: 8425: 8423: 8414: 8413: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8362: 8358: 8348: 8346: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8291: 8290: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8254: 8252: 8241: 8237: 8227: 8225: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8190: 8189: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8172:on 17 July 2012 8160: 8159: 8155: 8145: 8143: 8134: 8133: 8129: 8119: 8117: 8104: 8103: 8099: 8089: 8087: 8077: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8009: 8000: 7999: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7970: 7969: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7930: 7928: 7927:on 12 July 2012 7919: 7918: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7867: 7866: 7862: 7852: 7850: 7837: 7836: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7792: 7790: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7771:Wayback Machine 7762: 7758: 7748: 7746: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7696: 7694: 7689: 7688: 7684: 7674: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7652: 7650: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7622: 7620: 7615: 7614: 7610: 7600: 7598: 7589: 7588: 7584: 7574: 7572: 7567: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7537: 7536: 7532: 7522: 7520: 7519:on 11 July 2012 7507: 7506: 7502: 7492: 7490: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7470: 7468: 7457: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7402: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7362: 7360: 7347: 7346: 7342: 7332: 7330: 7320: 7316: 7306: 7304: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7280: 7278: 7269: 7268: 7264: 7254: 7252: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7154: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7079: 7078: 7074: 7064: 7062: 7053: 7052: 7048: 7038: 7036: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7012:on 30 July 2012 7000: 6999: 6995: 6985: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6968:. 17 July 2011. 6960: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6936:Al Arabiya News 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6899: 6898: 6894: 6884: 6882: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6832: 6830: 6823:The Irish Times 6815: 6808: 6798: 6796: 6786: 6782: 6772: 6770: 6763: 6759: 6749: 6747: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6705: 6703: 6694: 6693: 6689: 6679: 6677: 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6650:. 18 March 2011 6642: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6625: 6624:. 16 March 2011 6614: 6613: 6609: 6596: 6595: 6588: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6565: 6564: 6549: 6539: 6537: 6528: 6527: 6520: 6515:on 12 May 2012. 6512: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6482: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6452: 6446: 6439: 6428: 6426: 6422: 6409: 6403: 6394: 6383: 6381: 6372: 6366: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6335: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6289: 6285: 6275: 6273: 6260: 6259: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6227: 6226: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6145: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6107: 6103: 6098:Wayback Machine 6089: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6033: 6029: 6019: 6017: 6008: 6007: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5950:Wayback Machine 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5916: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5841:"Holy Warriors" 5837: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5817:on 5 March 2013 5809: 5808: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5784: 5783: 5774: 5761: 5760: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5729: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5670: 5669: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5649:. 21 April 2012 5641: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5617: 5612: 5581: 5573:Nicolas Sarkozy 5556: 5554: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5512: 5484: 5447: 5385: 5358: 5333: 5261: 5252: 5210: 5188: 5150: 5099: 5063: 4984: 4973:Bassel Shehadeh 4937:Armenian Church 4928:Farouq Brigades 4896: 4870: 4845: 4839: 4743: 4725: 4708:Farouq Brigades 4677:Nicolas Sarkozy 4566: 4560: 4524: 4475:Nicolas Sarkozy 4437:Gilles Jacquier 4429: 4389: 4321:Burhan Ghalioun 4289: 4281:Main articles: 4279: 4218:correspondent, 4205: 4165: 4125: 4119: 4114: 4097: 4018:in the city of 4012:Syrian military 4004: 3999: 3946: 3940: 3938: 3908: 3899: 3895:UK intervention 3819:List of attacks 3809:US intervention 3785:Afrin operation 3775:2017 airstrikes 3704: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3662: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3615: 3592: 3581:Western Nineveh 3562: 3542: 3534: 3504: 3469: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3427: 3359:Jabal al-Bishrī 3305: 3302: 3300: 3267: 3169: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3112: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3007: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2786: 2615: 2608: 2606: 2573: 2426:Northern al-Bab 2360:9th Rif Dimashq 2321:8th Rif Dimashq 2316:Aleppo bombings 2277: 2269: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2226: 2098:Su-24 shootdown 2064: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2021: 2012:7th Rif Dimashq 1789: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1738: 1722:6th Rif Dimashq 1615:Northern Aleppo 1599: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1556: 1540:5th Rif Dimashq 1475:Jdaidet al-Fadl 1469:4th Rif Dimashq 1393:3rd Rif Dimashq 1373:2nd Rif Dimashq 1339:Hasaka campaign 1297:Menagh Air Base 1223: 1213: 1211: 1178: 1112:1st Rif Dimashq 1073:Jabal al-Zawiya 1038: 1032: 1030: 1028: 995: 942: 936: 934: 901: 854: 824: 817:May–August 2019 802:May–August 2018 787:May–August 2017 772:May–August 2016 727:May–August 2012 712:May–August 2011 689: 685: 682: 634: 632: 617: 502: 495: 493:Farouq Brigades 465: 458: 452: 448:Abdo al-Tallawi 445: 440: 434: 430: 422: 416: 414: 410: 404: 398: 394: 388: 382: 378: 367: 360: 356: 350: 344: 336: 328: 324: 319: 315: 309: 303: 299: 293: 269: 267: 266: 258: 256: 254: 246: 244: 227: 225: 210: 208: 198: 196: 183: 172: 170: 169: 161: 159: 158: 148: 112: 110: 106: 103: 98: 95: 93: 91: 90: 89: 72: 59: 55: 53: 45: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18862: 18852: 18851: 18846: 18841: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18821: 18816: 18811: 18806: 18789: 18788: 18786: 18785: 18774: 18771: 18770: 18767: 18766: 18763: 18762: 18760: 18759: 18754: 18749: 18744: 18739: 18734: 18729: 18724: 18718: 18716: 18715:Related topics 18712: 18711: 18709: 18708: 18702: 18700: 18696: 18695: 18693: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18645:39th G8 summit 18642: 18637: 18632: 18631: 18630: 18620: 18615: 18609: 18607: 18601: 18600: 18598: 18597: 18592: 18587: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18567: 18562: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18542: 18537: 18532: 18527: 18521: 18519: 18515: 18514: 18512: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18486: 18481: 18476: 18471: 18466: 18460: 18458: 18450: 18449: 18439: 18438: 18435: 18434: 18432: 18431: 18426: 18421: 18416: 18411: 18406: 18401: 18396: 18391: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18356: 18354:Bassma Kodmani 18351: 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18324:Razan Ghazzawi 18321: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18274:Tal al-Mallohi 18271: 18266: 18261: 18259:Moaz al-Khatib 18256: 18251: 18246: 18241: 18239:Anwar al-Bunni 18236: 18231: 18230: 18229: 18227:Hafez Makhlouf 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18199: 18197:Adnan al-Aroor 18194: 18189: 18183: 18180: 18179: 18169: 18168: 18165: 18164: 18161: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18154: 18153: 18148: 18143: 18138: 18133: 18128: 18123: 18121:Tahrir al-Sham 18117: 18115: 18108: 18107: 18105: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18073: 18071: 18062: 18056: 18055: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18022: 18020: 18016: 18015: 18013: 18012: 18007: 18002: 17997: 17992: 17987: 17982: 17977: 17972: 17966: 17964: 17958: 17957: 17955: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17938: 17936: 17927: 17919: 17918: 17915: 17914: 17912: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17885: 17883: 17877: 17876: 17874: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17853: 17848: 17843: 17838: 17833: 17827: 17825: 17821: 17820: 17818: 17817: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17781: 17780: 17769: 17767: 17758: 17752: 17751: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17744: 17739: 17734: 17733: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17712: 17711: 17710: 17700: 17694: 17692: 17686: 17685: 17683: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17656: 17654: 17650: 17649: 17647: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17625: 17623: 17614: 17606: 17605: 17595: 17594: 17591: 17590: 17587: 17586: 17583: 17582: 17580: 17579: 17572: 17570: 17566: 17565: 17563: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17516: 17514: 17507: 17506: 17504: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17477: 17475: 17468: 17467: 17465: 17464: 17458: 17456: 17450: 17449: 17447: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17434:Akashat ambush 17430: 17428: 17421: 17420: 17418: 17417: 17412: 17407: 17401: 17399: 17389: 17381: 17380: 17378: 17377: 17372: 17367: 17362: 17356: 17354: 17342: 17341: 17339: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17302: 17300: 17288: 17287: 17285: 17284: 17279: 17274: 17269: 17264: 17259: 17254: 17248: 17246: 17234: 17233: 17231: 17230: 17225: 17220: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17199: 17197: 17185: 17184: 17182: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17111: 17106: 17104:Manbij bombing 17101: 17095: 17093: 17073: 17072: 17070: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16968: 16966: 16946: 16945: 16943: 16942: 16937: 16936: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16818:Aleppo bombing 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16734: 16732: 16712: 16711: 16709: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16691:Raqqa campaign 16688: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16633: 16628: 16627: 16626: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16515: 16513: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16489: 16484: 16479: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16364: 16359: 16353: 16351: 16335: 16334: 16332: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16274:Hama Offensive 16271: 16266: 16265: 16264: 16254: 16249: 16248: 16247: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16215:Battle of Hosn 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16186: 16185: 16180: 16169: 16167: 16151: 16150: 16148: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16100:Hatla massacre 16097: 16095:Hama offensive 16092: 16087: 16086: 16085: 16075: 16070: 16069: 16068: 16058: 16053: 16052: 16051: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16025: 16023: 16007: 16006: 16004: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15987: 15986: 15979:Hama offensive 15976: 15974:Aqrab massacre 15971: 15970: 15969: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15938: 15937: 15927: 15922: 15921: 15920: 15915: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15876:Houla massacre 15873: 15868: 15867: 15866: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15835: 15833: 15813: 15812: 15810: 15809: 15804: 15799: 15794: 15789: 15784: 15783: 15782: 15777: 15767: 15762: 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15732: 15727: 15722: 15720:Siege of Daraa 15717: 15712: 15706: 15704: 15684: 15683: 15681: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15665: 15660: 15658:Qamishli riots 15655: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15624: 15622: 15610: 15609: 15597: 15596: 15593: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15586: 15585: 15580: 15574: 15572: 15568: 15567: 15565: 15564: 15559: 15554: 15549: 15544: 15539: 15534: 15529: 15524: 15519: 15514: 15509: 15503: 15501: 15497: 15496: 15494: 15493: 15488: 15482: 15480: 15479:World reaction 15476: 15475: 15473: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15446: 15444: 15440: 15439: 15437: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15415: 15413: 15409: 15408: 15406: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15339: 15337: 15336:Main overviews 15329: 15328: 15318: 15317: 15310: 15309: 15302: 15295: 15287: 15281: 15280: 15263: 15251: 15237: 15225: 15213: 15199: 15198:External links 15196: 15195: 15194: 15178: 15173:Foreign Policy 15162: 15161: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15139: 15113: 15083: 15072:on 8 July 2012 15057: 15031: 15009: 14983: 14980:. 21 May 2017. 14965: 14935: 14917: 14899: 14881: 14840: 14826: 14812: 14786: 14760: 14742: 14712: 14690: 14672: 14654: 14636: 14606: 14585: 14555: 14533: 14512: 14487: 14462: 14432: 14407: 14381: 14356: 14335: 14314: 14293: 14272: 14250: 14225: 14214:. 7 April 2014 14199: 14178: 14157: 14136: 14106: 14081: 14070: 14051: 14025: 14003: 13980: 13958: 13933: 13908: 13878: 13867:on 24 May 2018 13848: 13822: 13804: 13777: 13756: 13734: 13708: 13686: 13675:. 29 July 2013 13664: 13653:. 29 July 2013 13638: 13612: 13585: 13560: 13538: 13511: 13489: 13471: 13446: 13424: 13403: 13392:. 12 July 2013 13377: 13352: 13341: 13323: 13301: 13279: 13254: 13224: 13197: 13172: 13141: 13122: 13111:. 29 June 2013 13096: 13085:. 30 June 2013 13070: 13059:. 29 June 2013 13044: 13033:. 27 June 2013 13022: 12996: 12970: 12949: 12938:on 6 June 2013 12918: 12897: 12871: 12845: 12819: 12793: 12782: 12752: 12727: 12705: 12694:. 6 March 2013 12679: 12657: 12627: 12602: 12577: 12551: 12520: 12498: 12472: 12446: 12420: 12395: 12374: 12344: 12333:on 24 May 2018 12314: 12288: 12277:on 14 May 2014 12262: 12240: 12215: 12190: 12160: 12135: 12110: 12091: 12065: 12039: 12021: 11995: 11977: 11955: 11933: 11907: 11881: 11855: 11834: 11816: 11790: 11776: 11755: 11729: 11703: 11673: 11662:on 24 May 2018 11646: 11620: 11594: 11573: 11547: 11536: 11510: 11488: 11462: 11436: 11417: 11391: 11380:. 21 July 2012 11369: 11348: 11337:. 10 July 2012 11326: 11301: 11280: 11269: 11243: 11217: 11191: 11180: 11169: 11143: 11113: 11087: 11076:. 17 June 2012 11061: 11031: 11020: 11009:. 15 June 2012 10994: 10964: 10943: 10918: 10892: 10866: 10840: 10818: 10793: 10747: 10721: 10691: 10679:Democracy Now! 10666: 10640: 10623: 10612: 10586: 10560: 10529: 10507: 10485: 10459: 10437: 10426:. 2 April 2012 10411: 10384: 10362: 10336: 10310: 10288: 10266: 10244: 10233:on 7 July 2012 10218: 10192: 10166: 10147: 10121: 10091: 10061: 10038: 10009: 9987: 9968: 9935: 9914: 9895: 9886: 9864: 9833: 9811: 9765: 9739: 9713: 9702:. 1 March 2012 9687: 9661: 9627: 9601: 9571: 9545: 9526: 9500: 9457: 9414: 9387: 9365: 9336: 9305: 9279: 9252: 9231: 9209: 9183: 9157: 9130: 9119:on 8 July 2012 9100: 9074: 9044: 9017: 8991: 8965: 8942: 8916: 8893: 8867: 8841: 8819: 8796: 8774: 8748: 8737:on 11 May 2013 8722: 8692: 8660: 8630: 8600: 8589:on 7 July 2012 8570: 8540: 8515: 8489: 8478:on 1 June 2012 8463: 8452:on 8 July 2012 8433: 8404: 8382: 8356: 8326: 8314: 8284: 8262: 8235: 8205: 8183: 8153: 8127: 8097: 8071: 8045: 8019: 8006:The Daily Star 7993: 7960: 7938: 7912: 7882: 7860: 7830: 7800: 7774: 7756: 7730: 7704: 7682: 7660: 7630: 7608: 7582: 7560: 7549:on 7 July 2012 7530: 7500: 7478: 7448: 7422: 7396: 7370: 7359:on 1 July 2012 7340: 7314: 7288: 7262: 7236: 7218: 7192: 7170: 7148: 7123: 7098: 7072: 7046: 7023: 6993: 6971: 6953: 6922: 6892: 6866: 6840: 6806: 6780: 6757: 6735: 6713: 6687: 6661: 6635: 6607: 6586: 6572: 6547: 6518: 6491: 6480: 6468:on 12 May 2012 6437: 6425:on 12 May 2012 6392: 6355: 6329: 6309: 6283: 6250: 6220: 6203:The Daily Star 6190: 6164: 6153:on 5 June 2012 6135: 6124: 6101: 6080: 6069:on 8 June 2012 6054: 6027: 6016:on 8 July 2012 6001: 5979: 5953: 5935: 5909: 5898:on 8 June 2013 5892:Foreign Policy 5879: 5857: 5845:Foreign Policy 5828: 5799: 5788:. 6 April 2014 5772: 5749: 5723: 5693: 5660: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5601:, released in 5593: 5586:Return to Homs 5580: 5577: 5565: 5564: 5535: 5534: 5532:United Nations 5520: 5517: 5511: 5508: 5483: 5480: 5472:al-Nusra Front 5446: 5443: 5384: 5381: 5357: 5354: 5332: 5329: 5260: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5209: 5206: 5187: 5184: 5149: 5146: 5098: 5095: 5062: 5059: 4983: 4980: 4914:correspondent 4869: 4866: 4838: 4835: 4806:electrocutions 4800:. On 5 March, 4748:Peter Beaumont 4724: 4721: 4713:Under the Wire 4583:Peter Beaumont 4562:Main article: 4559: 4556: 4523: 4520: 4428: 4425: 4388: 4385: 4351:Omar al-Bashir 4301:Basil al-Sayed 4278: 4275: 4204: 4201: 4164: 4161: 4133:Friday prayers 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4096: 4093: 4074:United Nations 4001: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3860: 3858:Lebanon's role 3855: 3854: 3853: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3800: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3752: 3741: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3728: 3718: 3709: 3706: 3705: 3694: 3693: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3660: 3652: 3651: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3561: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3459: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3436: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3299: 3298: 3291: 3284: 3276: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3246: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3211:2nd Ras al-Ayn 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3144: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3121: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3108: 3106:U.S. airstrike 3100:Baghuz Fawqani 3096: 3094:Manbij bombing 3091: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3039: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3016: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3000: 2998:3rd As-Suwayda 2995: 2993:2nd As-Suwayda 2990: 2983: 2981:1st As-Suwayda 2978: 2976:House of Cards 2973: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2947: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2903:SDF insurgency 2899: 2887: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2818: 2817: 2810: 2803: 2795: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2750: 2743: 2736: 2731: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2702:Southern Raqqa 2699: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2638: 2631: 2629:al-Jina mosque 2626: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2605: 2604: 2597: 2590: 2582: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2509: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2338: 2333: 2331:Northern Raqqa 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2258: 2257: 2250: 2243: 2235: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2120: 2118:Homs offensive 2115: 2110: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2030: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1923: 1918: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1892:2nd Idlib city 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1860:Southern Syria 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1755: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1700: 1695: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1664:4th Idlib Gov. 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1622: 1617: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1588: 1587: 1580: 1573: 1565: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1509:Eastern Ghouta 1505: 1504: 1503: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1482: 1477: 1465: 1460: 1448: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1419: 1414: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1268: 1265:3rd Idlib Gov. 1261: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1219:Rebel advances 1210: 1209: 1202: 1195: 1187: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1167:2nd Idlib Gov. 1164: 1159: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1109: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1078:1st Idlib City 1075: 1070: 1062:1st Idlib Gov. 1058: 1057: 1056: 1054:Homs offensive 1048:Homs (2011–14) 1043: 1040: 1039: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1012: 1004: 997: 996: 994: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 947: 944: 943: 933: 932: 925: 918: 910: 903: 902: 900: 899: 892: 885: 884: 883: 869: 862: 853: 852: 851: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 701: 700: 694: 691: 690: 681: 680: 673: 666: 658: 650: 649: 645: 644: 638: 625: 624: 620: 619: 614: 610: 609: 605: 604: 603: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 581: 580: 575: 570: 569: 568: 565: 557: 556: 555: 552: 544: 543: 542: 539: 536: 528: 527: 526: 511: 510: 509: 497: 496: 490: 477: 476: 475:Units involved 472: 471: 443:Mohamed Maaruf 428:Maher al-Assad 424: 400:Abou Souffiane 284: 283: 279: 278: 242: 241: 235: 223: 218: 206: 180: 178:Al-Nusra Front 145: 144: 140: 139: 136: 135: 134: 133: 125: 121: 120: 81: 79: 75: 74: 69: 61: 60: 54: 44: 34: 33: 26: 25: 16:Siege in Syria 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18861: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18825: 18822: 18820: 18817: 18815: 18812: 18810: 18807: 18805: 18802: 18801: 18799: 18784: 18776: 18775: 18772: 18758: 18755: 18753: 18750: 18748: 18745: 18743: 18740: 18738: 18735: 18733: 18730: 18728: 18725: 18723: 18720: 18719: 18717: 18713: 18707: 18704: 18703: 18701: 18697: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18629: 18626: 18625: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18610: 18608: 18606: 18605:Peace process 18602: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18531: 18528: 18526: 18523: 18522: 18520: 18516: 18510: 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18480: 18477: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18461: 18459: 18455: 18451: 18444: 18440: 18430: 18427: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18417: 18415: 18412: 18410: 18409:Yaser Tabbara 18407: 18405: 18402: 18400: 18397: 18395: 18392: 18390: 18387: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18374:Dawoud Rajiha 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18355: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18329:Ghassan Hitto 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18299:Suheir Atassi 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18279:Fida al-Sayed 18277: 18275: 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18242: 18240: 18237: 18235: 18234:Riad al-Asaad 18232: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18222:Rami Makhlouf 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18204: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18184: 18181: 18174: 18170: 18152: 18149: 18147: 18144: 18142: 18139: 18137: 18134: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18122: 18119: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18109: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18074: 18072: 18070: 18069:Islamic State 18066: 18063: 18061: 18057: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18023: 18021: 18017: 18011: 18008: 18006: 18003: 18001: 17998: 17996: 17993: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17983: 17981: 17978: 17976: 17973: 17971: 17968: 17967: 17965: 17963: 17959: 17953: 17950: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17939: 17937: 17935: 17931: 17928: 17926: 17920: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17886: 17884: 17882: 17878: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17846:Army of Glory 17844: 17842: 17839: 17837: 17834: 17832: 17829: 17828: 17826: 17822: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17779: 17776: 17775: 17774: 17771: 17770: 17768: 17766: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17753: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17717: 17716: 17713: 17709: 17706: 17705: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17695: 17693: 17691: 17687: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17657: 17655: 17651: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17626: 17624: 17622: 17618: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17600: 17596: 17577: 17574: 17573: 17571: 17567: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17508: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17469: 17463: 17460: 17459: 17457: 17455: 17451: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17422: 17416: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17400: 17397: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17387: 17382: 17376: 17373: 17371: 17368: 17366: 17363: 17361: 17358: 17357: 17355: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17299: 17294: 17289: 17283: 17280: 17278: 17277:Daraa clashes 17275: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17249: 17247: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17208:Afrin bombing 17206: 17204: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17180: 17179:US airstrikes 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17134:June bombings 17132: 17130: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17115: 17112: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17096: 17094: 17092: 17088: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16969: 16967: 16965: 16961: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16941: 16938: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16915: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16735: 16733: 16731: 16727: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16707: 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 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16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16263: 16260: 16259: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16246: 16243: 16242: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16200:Maan massacre 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16175: 16174: 16171: 16170: 16168: 16166: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16115:Adra massacre 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16084: 16081: 16080: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16067: 16064: 16063: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16050: 16047: 16046: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16024: 16022: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15985: 15982: 15981: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15968: 15965: 15964: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15936: 15933: 15932: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15910: 15909: 15906: 15902: 15899: 15898: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15865: 15862: 15861: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15836: 15834: 15832: 15828: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15772: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15750:Siege of Homs 15748: 15746: 15745:Siege of Hama 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15707: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15664: 15661: 15659: 15656: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15625: 15623: 15621: 15620: 15615: 15611: 15607: 15602: 15598: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15573: 15569: 15563: 15560: 15558: 15555: 15553: 15550: 15548: 15545: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15533: 15530: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15483: 15481: 15477: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15445: 15441: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15416: 15414: 15410: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15378:Belligerents 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15340: 15338: 15334: 15330: 15323: 15319: 15315: 15308: 15303: 15301: 15296: 15294: 15289: 15288: 15285: 15279: 15278: 15273: 15269: 15264: 15262: 15258: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15246: 15245: 15241: 15238: 15235: 15234: 15229: 15228:In Cold Blood 15226: 15223: 15222: 15217: 15214: 15211: 15210: 15205: 15202: 15201: 15183: 15179: 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11844: 11838: 11832: 11828: 11825: 11820: 11804: 11800: 11794: 11788: 11783: 11781: 11765: 11759: 11743: 11739: 11733: 11717: 11713: 11707: 11691: 11687: 11686:208.43.232.81 11683: 11677: 11661: 11657: 11650: 11634: 11630: 11624: 11608: 11604: 11598: 11583: 11577: 11561: 11557: 11551: 11545: 11540: 11524: 11520: 11514: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11466: 11450: 11446: 11440: 11433: 11429: 11428:Archived copy 11426: 11421: 11405: 11401: 11395: 11379: 11373: 11358: 11352: 11336: 11330: 11315: 11311: 11305: 11290: 11284: 11278: 11273: 11258: 11254: 11247: 11231: 11227: 11221: 11205: 11201: 11195: 11189: 11184: 11178: 11173: 11157: 11153: 11147: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11117: 11101: 11097: 11091: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11049: 11045: 11041: 11035: 11029: 11024: 11008: 11004: 10998: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10968: 10953: 10947: 10932: 10928: 10922: 10906: 10902: 10896: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10855:. 9 June 2012 10854: 10850: 10844: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10822: 10807: 10803: 10797: 10789: 10784:|author= 10777: 10762: 10761:National Post 10758: 10751: 10736:. 6 June 2012 10735: 10731: 10725: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10680: 10676: 10670: 10655: 10651: 10644: 10633: 10627: 10621: 10616: 10600: 10599:armenpress.am 10596: 10590: 10574: 10570: 10564: 10548: 10544: 10540: 10533: 10517: 10511: 10495: 10489: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10447: 10441: 10425: 10421: 10415: 10399: 10395: 10388: 10372: 10366: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10298: 10292: 10276: 10270: 10254: 10248: 10232: 10228: 10222: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10180: 10176: 10170: 10162: 10158: 10151: 10135: 10131: 10125: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10095: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10065: 10049: 10042: 10027: 10023: 10016: 10014: 9997: 9991: 9983: 9979: 9972: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9940: 9924: 9918: 9910: 9906: 9899: 9890: 9874: 9868: 9852: 9848: 9847:The Telegraph 9844: 9837: 9821: 9815: 9807: 9802:|first1= 9795: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9754: 9750: 9743: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9701: 9697: 9691: 9676: 9672: 9665: 9649: 9645: 9641: 9634: 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Onislam.net 7488: 7482: 7466: 7462: 7455: 7453: 7436: 7432: 7426: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7344: 7329: 7325: 7318: 7302: 7298: 7292: 7276: 7272: 7266: 7250: 7246: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7196: 7180: 7174: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7086: 7082: 7076: 7060: 7056: 7050: 7034: 7027: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6981: 6975: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6896: 6881: 6877: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6811: 6795: 6791: 6784: 6768: 6761: 6745: 6739: 6723: 6717: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6582: 6576: 6568: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6511: 6504: 6498: 6496: 6489: 6484: 6478:(pages 17+19) 6464: 6460: 6459: 6451: 6444: 6442: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6408: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6380: 6379: 6371: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6344: 6340: 6333: 6322: 6316: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6209:on 8 May 2014 6208: 6204: 6200: 6194: 6178: 6174: 6168: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6140: 6133: 6128: 6112: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6092: 6087: 6085: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6015: 6011: 6005: 5989: 5983: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5951: 5947: 5944: 5939: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5867: 5861: 5846: 5842: 5835: 5833: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5804: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5727: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5697: 5681: 5677: 5676:World Tribune 5673: 5667: 5665: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5634: 5619: 5615: 5604: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5576: 5574: 5569: 5563: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5542: 5540: 5533: 5523: 5522: 5516: 5507: 5505: 5500: 5493: 5488: 5479: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5415: 5412: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5396: 5389: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5362: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5264: 5256: 5247: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5183: 5180: 5174: 5170: 5168: 5167:Moshe Ya'alon 5164: 5159: 5154: 5148:December 2012 5145: 5141: 5137: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4989: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4961:William Hague 4958: 4954: 4951:On 25 May, a 4949: 4946: 4940: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4874: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4834: 4831: 4826: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4785: 4783: 4782:Riad al-Asaad 4778: 4773: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4742: 4741: 4735: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4706:by the FSA's 4705: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4598:, France 24, 4597: 4592: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4565: 4555: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4539: 4528: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4462:Nic Robertson 4459: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4424: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4401: 4393: 4384: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4343:Haytham Manna 4340: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4313: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4263: 4257: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4220:Stuart Ramsay 4217: 4212: 4210: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4160: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4109: 4103: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4075: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4008:siege of Homs 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 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The 4627:that they 4613:al-Bayadah 4591:Al Arabiya 4411:Bab Tadmor 4297:Al Arabiya 4121:See also: 4095:Background 3369:Claw-Sword 3339:11th Daraa 3263:10th Daraa 2135:Tell Tamer 1975:2nd Kobanî 1960:2nd Sarrin 1944:Tell Abyad 1870:1st Sarrin 1815:2nd Safira 1669:Al-Malihah 1434:1st Safira 1361:Tell Abyad 1344:Ras al-Ayn 1259:Al-Tremseh 1232:3rd Rastan 1157:2nd Rastan 1106:Daraa Gov. 1090:1st Rastan 866:Casualties 99:36°42′34″E 96:34°43′51″N 18570:Massacres 18457:Elections 18394:Riad Seif 18060:Islamists 17386:Spillover 15633:1966 coup 15628:1963 coup 15388:Spillover 15358:Timeline 15326:Overviews 15002:6 October 9984:. London. 9911:. London. 9794:cite news 9779:Ynet news 9542:. 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