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Battalion, would advance from
Brigadiers Hill to open a track across the marsh and shorten the supply route. The cavalry would mount a subsidiary attack from the northern approach down Pipsqueak Valley, to take the airfield. A sandstorm blew up and clogged weapons which needed to be cleaned, then in the afternoon the storm abated but was sufficient to obscure the Australian assembly. There were exchanges of fire and from Ship Hill, the Australian machine-gunners could hit the Italian defences around the oasis and suppressed several positions. An Italian sniper stalked the machine-gun posts to no effect.
186:
153:
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the battery, which delayed an adjustment of range (shells also dropped short onto Ship Hill, causing one casualty). Twelve men of A Company were killed and twenty wounded; the survivors re-organised and began to move forward. A Platoon had avoided the worst of the bombardment but lost contact with the rest of A Company and continued the attack. C Company found that the wire had been cut and advanced to the first objective. The
Italians appeared too stunned from the bombardment to offer much resistance and the Australians quickly reached the first line of knolls.
174:
127:
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forced back by artillery fire and the post re-occupied, Breda cannons at the post being used to keep the
Australians at a distance. On 19 March Wootten ordered an attack by two companies along the southern track to re-take Daly House and to drive the Italians back to the last line of the main Giarabub defences, to gain a good jumping-off position to attack the southern heights. Two 25-pounders were pulled through the marsh behind the infantry through heavy going to Daly House, which delayed the attackers until
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242:
819:, was sent by the Western Desert Force (WDF) to Siwa oasis in Egypt, about 40 mi (65 km) east of Giarabub, to relieve a British force which had been there since September. The 6th ADCR should have had Vickers light tanks and Bren carriers but few were available and those that were proved mechanically unreliable in the desert. A Squadron got the armoured vehicles, while B and C squadrons were equipped with
848:
249:
912:(4th RHA) with twelve 25-pounder field guns. Wootten Force had no air support, little ammunition and no tanks. The Australians reconnoitred the Giarabub defences on 12 and 16 March, finding a track across the southern marshes and a gap in the frontier wire large enough for vehicles. An Italian force in trucks tried to outflank the reconnaissance party and were driven off by artillery--fire.
858:
to the south-west fringe of the marshes, the
Australians dominated the west end of the area. On 25 December, a reconnaissance in force by C Squadron was met with artillery-fire and air attacks. The following night, a raid on an Italian gun position was forced to withdraw after being detected; one man was captured. On 8 January 1941, a relief convoy was destroyed by the
774:. Giarabub is the westernmost in a line of oases on the edge of the Sahara into Egypt. In 1940, it was the southernmost Italian frontier post along the border with Egypt. Giarabub had been garrisoned by the Italians since 1925, after being ceded to Libya from Egypt by the British. In 1940, the garrison, commanded by Major
977:
The
Australians used many hand-grenades clearing dugouts and soon ran out. Some of the Australians had apparently been ordered to take no prisoners and were reluctant to advance, when it became clear that few Italians intended not to fight on. The Australians were ordered to encourage the Italians to
963:
Before zero hour, the lead companies assembled amidst another sandstorm. A Company advanced to within 50 m (55 yd) of the wire and was then bombarded by the
British gunners who had underestimated the swirling wind and dropped short. The bombardment cut the line from the forward observer and
949:
Patrols went forward after dark to observe
Italian positions and make sure the Italians were not trying to slip away. An Australian listening post was met by an Italian patrol which withdrew when challenged. The Australians found the Italians in the redoubt "very nervous", firing and hurling grenades
833:
lorries. On 11 December, after a week of patrols, a raid was mounted by B Squadron on Garn-el-Grein, 40 mi (65 km) north of
Giarabub. The Australians were outgunned and withdrew, after Italian infantry in trucks and three Italian fighter aircraft arrived. On 14 December, B Squadron ambushed
798:
guns, signals engineers, a field hospital and a supply section. Gullies and re-entrants had been entrenched and barbed wire laid out around the village. Giarabub was at the end of a long supply line, made worse by a lack of vehicles. The
Italian army lacked the mobility necessary to maintain outposts
1047:
to mitigate the calamity in
Cyrenaica. The Italian and Commonwealth forces had fought for three months on the edge of the Sahara, enduring large temperature variations, sandstorms, the defenders suffering a shortage of water and food. Differences in technical quality, leadership, training and supply
886:
been captured; the regular troops held on. The 6th ADCR had observed and harassed the oasis defenders but did not have the strength to attack the position. An advanced landing ground was established by the RAF beyond Siwa but a lack of aircraft made it redundant. Small Italian supply drops continued
945:
Two companies of the 2/9th Battalion were to attack, covered by fire from the mortars and machine-guns on Ship Hill and the 4th RHA. The attack was to capture the southern redoubt and then the other two companies would attack along the flanks of the redoubt and D Company, 2/10th Australian Infantry
932:
an Italian counter-attack was delivered and the Australians retired, suffering three wounded and having two men captured. By the morning of 20 March it had been decided to make the main attack in that area; supporting operations, a demonstration by the cavalry to the north and Post 76 on Brigadiers
857:
On 20 December, C Squadron conducted a secret reconnaissance of the outer defences of Giarabub. On 24 December, part of B Squadron attacked and captured an outpost at Ain Melfa, at the east end of the Giarabub salt marshes and used it as an advanced post. With the capture of the El Qaseibieya, well
834:
and destroyed a convoy near Fort Maddalena. The Australians patrolled to reconnoitre and isolate Giarabub, ready for an attack. On 31 December, 6th ADCR suffered its first losses when a patrol was forced to retreat after coming under artillery fire, with two men killed and three vehicles destroyed.
927:
The post was unoccupied and artillery and machine-gun fire from the town was inaccurate. The Australians pressed on and occupied the Tamma Heights south-east of the oasis against little opposition; 13 Platoon was sent to Ship Hill at the east end of the heights, to provide covering fire, while the
920:
and then ambushed two lorries in which two Italians were killed, three wounded and 15 taken prisoner. (An Italian officer volunteered information of the oasis defences.) The squadron pressed on for 4.3 mi (7 km) and captured Daly House, the last post before Giarabub. The Australians were
954:
when A Company was to attack on the right and C Company on the left, towards four knolls on the edge of the redoubt. When captured, A Company was to take the fifth knoll further back. The twelve guns of the 4th RHA would fire on the initial objectives, then lift onto the second objective; the
928:
other two platoons advanced towards the town. By dark they had reached the south-eastern corner, where the wire had been covered by sand. Two sections advanced into the Italian position and found that Post 42 had been abandoned. On the arrival of 10 Platoon, the party occupied Post 36 and at
982:
the 2/9th Battalion had occupied the first four knolls. Due to the short shooting on A Company, a platoon of D Company, the battalion reserve, was sent forward to assist in the assault. The Italian defenders rallied, a mountain gun on the last knoll and Italian positions around the fort and
881:
field guns arrived at Siwa; on 9 January, the guns bombarded the Italian airstrip at Giarabub, damaging a transport aircraft and silencing two field guns. Airdrops of supplies were insufficient to feed the garrison. Libyan troops began to abandon their posts and by the end of February,
983:
plantation area opened fire and an attempt by an Australian platoon, to cross the flats into the town was repulsed. Fire of the mortars and machine-guns on Ship Hill and from a machine-gun detachment with A Company, covered the Australians as they captured the fifth knoll, just after
915:
The heights south of the town were judged to be crucial to the Italian defence and B Squadron was ordered to take the Italian observation post (later named Wootten House) and advance north-west along the track toward Giarabub. B Squadron took Wootten House unopposed on 17 March, by
1014:
the 2/9th Battalion advanced into the town and found the mosque intact. By midday the Australians had entered the fort and ended the siege. After just two days the Australians withdrew from Giarabub, because of the Italo-German advance on El Agheila.
1042:
had congratulated the garrison on its defence and promised that they would be relieved and on 24 March, Italo-German forces occupied El Agheila. The resistance of the Italian troops was greatly celebrated by the
903:
in the 6th Australian Division, was ordered to Giarabub but a lack of transport restricted the operation to a reinforced battalion, which had to end the siege in ten days. Wootten Force was assembled from the
1005:
the cavalry were on the first objective, an east–west line through Egbert. D Company advanced through the cultivated area north-east of the redoubt into the town but a minefield, spotted earlier by an RAF
997:
an hour after the attack on the southern redoubt had commenced. B and C Squadrons advanced to occupy high ground on either side of the valley, with little Italian resistance except at the
5058:
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had been built at Giarabub and the oasis became the spiritual centre of resistance to European colonialism. The British forbade damage to the tomb of Senussi or the mosque.
3558:
3303:
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4909:
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1966:
1624:
Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; with Flynn RN, Captain F. C.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshal S. E. (1956). Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
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Prisoners said that the garrison had not eaten for two days or nights. B Company on the left flank had advanced and re-gained contact with battalion HQ at
302:
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1592:]. Le operazioni in Africa Settentrionale/Operations in North Africa (in Italian). Vol. II. Roma: Stato Maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio Storico.
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the British invasion of Syria and Lebanon. Giarabub lost its tactical importance and became a backwater, eventually being used as a staging post for the
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an Italo-German counter-offensive, which recaptured Cyrenaica. A few weeks later, the 18th Australian Brigade Group began its part in the long
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soldiers, in four companies of border guards, five of Libyan infantry, a platoon Libyan engineers, an artillery company with fourteen 47 mm
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737:. Air transport proved insufficient and hunger prompted many of the locally recruited troops to desert. After being reinforced by the
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had put the Italians at a permanent disadvantage to the besiegers. The Australians left behind a salvage party and withdrew from the
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1973:
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770:. The Great Sand Sea of the Sahara Desert lies to the south, and the town is at the west end of salt marshes which go up to the
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1630:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press 2004 ed.).
908:, reinforced by an infantry company, a mortar platoon, a machine-gun platoon, an anti-aircraft platoon and a battery of the
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862:(RAF) near Giarabub. This was the last Italian attempt to supply the oasis by land, after the defeat of the 10th Army in
288:
4802:
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808:
2073:
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2144:
967:
816:
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729:(6th ADCR) began the siege in December 1940 and isolated the oasis, leaving the Italian garrison dependent on the
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1987:
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511:
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1777:
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Australian soldiers from the 2/9th Battalion hoist a flag of the Unit Colour Patch over the Giarabub fort.
937:, which secured the flank of the attack and left the Italians unsure of the direction of the main attack.
241:
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2001:
1812:
1742:
1064:
745:, the Australians attacked Giarabub on 17 March 1941 and the Italian garrison surrendered on 21 March.
506:
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4029:
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2748:
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2713:
2100:
900:
719:
627:
572:
2445:
2422:
877:(Royal Italian Air Force) made several attempts to supply the oasis by air but on 4 January, four
4823:
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3835:
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676:
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518:
312:
38:
22:
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4515:
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4210:
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3957:
3927:
3710:
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3115:
2706:
2687:
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2204:
2174:
878:
771:
707:
501:
494:
346:
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3178:
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1735:
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machine-guns and mortars on Ship Hill were to give covering fire once the infantry advanced.
639:
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8:
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377:
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3703:
3459:
3410:
3219:
2843:
2498:
2296:
775:
690:
597:
565:
439:
425:
190:
16:
Military engagement between Commonwealth and Italian forces during the Second World War
4932:
4816:
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3674:
3268:
2800:
2261:
2240:
1950:
1703:
1635:
1593:
1565:
1538:
1519:
1007:
872:
863:
732:
696:
558:
537:
477:
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418:
411:
372:
341:
334:
1627:
The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of their Ally (1941)
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2022:
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In the north, the cavalry diversion down Pipsqueak Valley to the airfield began at
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530:
484:
382:
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42:
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1044:
859:
401:
194:
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at shadows and then withdrew for the start of the attack. Zero hour was set at
896:
660:
406:
178:
144:
1535:
The Proud 6th: An Illustrated History of the 6th Australian Division 1939–1945
5022:
4692:
2617:
2466:
2305:
1597:
1553:
1516:
The Silent 7th: An Illustrated History of the 7th Australian Division 1940–46
822:
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against opposition and could deliver only a small amount of supplies by air.
759:
607:
185:
158:
90:
77:
1707:
1560:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945 Series 1 – Army. Vol. I. Canberra:
4991:
4795:
3095:
3000:
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1994:
1758:
1569:
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680:
617:
602:
280:
4630:
4616:
4278:
2954:
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2114:
632:
1665:. SVSS Paper. no ISBN. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. Archived from
3985:
3738:
3717:
2610:
1943:
1871:
622:
4248:
3653:
3450:
3261:
3059:
3014:
1098:(including Castagna, who sustained a head wound in the fighting) and
173:
132:
2535:
972:
An Italian troop convoy on its way to relieve the Siege of Giarabub.
2519:
2247:
65:
847:
3129:
1727:
763:
3317:
1049:
767:
664:
268:
69:
1308:
1631:
1491:
1440:
1428:
1380:
1368:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1178:
1176:
5059:
Land battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
1296:
1537:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
1469:
1467:
1452:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1236:
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but rations for the garrison were drastically reduced.
2389:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1356:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1464:
1248:
1147:
By the end of February, 620 prisoners had been taken.
1119:
List of Australian military equipment of World War II
802:
766:
and 40 mi (65 km) west of the border with
1518:. Crow's Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
1479:
1260:
1272:
1129:List of Italian military equipment in World War II
1124:List of British military equipment of World War II
5020:
1659:The Siege of Giarabub December 1940 – March 1941
852:Italian photograph of the Giarabub oasis in 1941
710:and the pursuit of the 10th Army into Cyrenaica
1723:Giarabub (film 1942) dir: Goffredo Alessandrini
1082:In the final assault, the 2/9th Battalion lost
1743:
1001:feature, which was bombarded and overrun. By
870:
730:
684:
296:
214:2,100 (1,350 Italian & 750 Libyan troops)
890:
637:
5049:Battles of World War II involving Australia
310:
1750:
1736:
1655:
1497:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1302:
1242:
1230:
1206:
1182:
1063:; the 6th ADCR went east and took part in
809:6th Australian Divisional Cavalry Regiment
727:6th Australian Divisional Cavalry Regiment
303:
289:
224:17 killed, 77 wounded (final assault only)
1609:2/6 Cavalry Commando Regiment Association
1583:
1194:
1693:
1623:
1532:
1513:
1473:
1362:
1254:
1027:
966:
846:
5054:Battles of World War II involving Italy
689:, the invasion of Egypt by the Italian
195:
149:
5021:
3597:
3575:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1702:] (in Italian). Milano: Loganesi.
1604:
1278:
714:the fortified Italian position at the
4446:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
3878:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3524:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3480:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2585:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1731:
1554:"Chapter 12: The Capture of Giarabub"
762:, 200 mi (320 km) south of
284:
3568:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2600:Rape during the liberation of France
1551:
1485:
1290:
1266:
1218:
1010:crew, took a long time to clear. At
712:(16 December 1940 – 9 February 1941)
5074:Sieges involving the United Kingdom
910:4th Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery
906:2/9th Australian Infantry Battalion
866:and its withdrawal from Cyrenaica.
13:
3794:German invasion of the Netherlands
2074:Weather events during World War II
1686:
1590:Tobruk (March 1941 – January 1942)
1586:Tobruk (marzo 1941 – gennaio 1942)
933:Hill had been taken by D Company,
14:
5090:
4425:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1716:
940:
803:6th Australian Divisional Cavalry
4985:
1757:
1090:, while the Italians lost about
901:18th Australian Infantry Brigade
817:Second Australian Imperial Force
807:On 2 December 1940, B Squadron,
248:
247:
240:
184:
172:
151:
137:
125:
56:25 December 1940 – 21 March 1941
4672:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2382:Territorial changes of Germany
2290:Indonesian National Revolution
1150:
1141:
211:1 augmented infantry battalion
209:2 mechanised cavalry squadrons
1:
4072:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4023:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3787:German invasion of Luxembourg
2168:Mediterranean and Middle East
1506:
1077:
748:
718:was besieged by parts of the
3979:Invasion of the Soviet Union
3668:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
2986:Independent State of Croatia
1694:Castagna, Salvatore (1950).
1606:"Nominal Roll: Fuller J. S."
1167:
1018:
796:Cannone-Mitragliera da 20/77
758:Giarabub is an oasis in the
667:, was an engagement between
7:
4963:End of World War II in Asia
4803:Western invasion of Germany
4310:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4287:Second Battle of El Alamein
3857:Hundred Regiments Offensive
3829:Battle of the Mediterranean
3682:Italian invasion of Albania
1856:Air warfare of World War II
1158:Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi
1105:
1023:
753:
10:
5095:
5064:Sieges involving Australia
4889:Naval bombardment of Japan
4257:First Battle of El Alamein
4176:Battle of Christmas Island
4121:Japanese invasion of Burma
3885:Italian invasion of Greece
3801:German invasion of Belgium
3773:German invasion of Denmark
3746:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3615:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1879:Comparative military ranks
1052:the next day, just before
837:
739:2/9th Australian Battalion
20:
4978:
4810:Bratislava–Brno offensive
4750:
4741:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4478:
4365:Allied invasion of Sicily
4319:
4225:Aleutian Islands campaign
4197:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4144:
4135:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4030:Second Battle of Changsha
3935:German invasion of Greece
3903:
3780:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
3755:
3693:
3588:
3469:
3195:
3105:
2953:
2656:
2647:
2405:
2230:
2122:North and Central Pacific
2083:
1845:
1838:
1765:
958:
891:Commonwealth preparations
743:4th Royal Horse Artillery
322:
235:
218:
203:
165:
118:
48:
36:
31:
4402:Allied invasion of Italy
4379:Solomon Islands campaign
4128:Third Battle of Changsha
3725:First Battle of Changsha
3631:Second Sino-Japanese War
2571:German military brothels
2437:United States war crimes
1656:Richardson, Tom (2010).
1134:
1068:(8 June – 14 July 1941),
842:
628:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
314:Western Desert Campaign
5039:Western Desert campaign
4824:Second Guangxi campaign
4679:Philippines (1944–1945)
4183:Battle of the Coral Sea
4086:Fall of the Philippines
3732:Battle of South Guangxi
3638:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3044:Italian Social Republic
1700:The Defence of Giarabub
1562:Australian War Memorial
1533:Johnston, Mark (2008).
1514:Johnston, Mark (2005).
813:6th Australian Division
720:6th Australian Division
677:Western Desert Campaign
39:Western Desert campaign
23:Western Desert Campaign
5079:Sieges of World War II
5069:Sieges involving Italy
4409:Armistice of Cassibile
4211:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4162:Battle of the Java Sea
4065:Attack on Pearl Harbor
3965:Syria–Lebanon campaign
3958:Battle of South Shanxi
3928:Invasion of Yugoslavia
3711:Battle of the Atlantic
3325:Korean Liberation Army
3038:(until September 1943)
2995:(until September 1944)
2973:(until September 1944)
1584:Montanari, M. (1985).
1035:
974:
871:
854:
731:
708:Battle of Sidi Barrani
694:(9–16 September 1940),
685:
683:. In the aftermath of
638:
166:Commanders and leaders
5044:Libya in World War II
4573:Second Battle of Guam
4469:Bengal famine of 1943
4439:Second Battle of Kiev
4395:Battle of the Dnieper
4100:Battle of Wake Island
3972:East African campaign
3914:Battle of South Henan
3559:atrocities by Germans
3332:Korean Volunteer Army
2313:Occupation of Germany
2067:Music in World War II
1696:La difesa di Giarabub
1057:(24 March – 9 April),
1054:Operation Sonnenblume
1031:
970:
850:
741:and a battery of the
640:Sonderkommando Blaich
219:Casualties and losses
91:29.74250°N 24.51694°E
4859:Surrender of Germany
4337:Battle of West Hubei
4294:Guadalcanal campaign
4264:Battle of Stalingrad
4190:Battle of Madagascar
2964:Albania protectorate
2751:(formerly Swaziland)
2460:Wehrmacht war crimes
2276:Expulsion of Germans
2060:Art and World War II
1958:British contribution
1907:Governments in exile
1552:Long, Gavin (1961).
788:Cannone da 47/32 M35
704:Western Desert Force
263:class=notpageimage|
110:Commonwealth victory
4949:Potsdam Declaration
4838:Italy (Spring 1945)
4601:Liberation of Paris
4058:Siege of Sevastopol
3076:(until August 1944)
2979:Wang Jingwei regime
2801:from September 1943
2761:from September 1944
2699:from September 1944
2559:Romanian war crimes
2550:Persecution of Jews
2536:Croatian war crimes
2506:Japanese war crimes
2320:Occupation of Japan
2269:First Indochina War
1981:Military production
1893:Declarations of war
1672:on 21 December 2018
1293:, pp. 290–291.
1221:, pp. 288–289.
1156:The tomb of Sayyid
899:, commander of the
675:forces, during the
587:Associated articles
87: /
4942:Surrender of Japan
4775:Battle of Iwo Jima
4624:Belgrade offensive
4037:Siege of Leningrad
3921:Battle of Shanggao
3850:British Somaliland
3815:Dunkirk evacuation
3766:Norwegian campaign
3704:Invasion of Poland
3531:Japanese prisoners
2499:Italian war crimes
2430:British war crimes
2345:Soviet occupations
2129:South-West Pacific
2016:Allied cooperation
1974:Military equipment
1317:, pp. 10, 12.
1065:Operation Exporter
1036:
975:
895:Brigadier-General
855:
831:(750 and 1,500 kg)
811:(6th ADCR) of the
794:and sixteen 20 mm
776:Salvatore Castagna
191:Salvatore Castagna
96:29.74250; 24.51694
5029:Conflicts in 1941
5016:
5015:
4974:
4973:
4817:Battle of Okinawa
4716:Burma (1944–1945)
4550:Mariana and Palau
4330:Tunisian campaign
4155:Fall of Singapore
4079:Fall of Hong Kong
3822:Battle of Britain
3675:Operation Himmler
3584:
3583:
3248:Dutch East Indies
2891:Southern Rhodesia
2643:
2642:
2543:Genocide of Serbs
2446:German war crimes
2423:Soviet war crimes
2416:Allied war crimes
2262:Division of Korea
2241:Chinese Civil War
2039:Strategic bombing
1951:Manhattan Project
1641:978-1-84574-066-5
1544:978-0-521-51411-8
1525:978-1-74114-191-7
1500:, pp. 27–28.
1449:, pp. 25–26.
1437:, pp. 24–25.
1389:, pp. 18–19.
1377:, pp. 17–18.
1353:, pp. 16–17.
1341:, pp. 14–15.
1329:, pp. 12–13.
978:surrender and by
873:Regia Aeronautica
864:Operation Compass
733:Regia Aeronautica
697:Operation Compass
657:siege of Giarabub
650:
649:
330:Invasion of Egypt
279:
278:
114:
113:
32:Siege of Giarabub
5086:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4992:World portal
4990:
4989:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4852:Prague offensive
4847:
4845:Battle of Berlin
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4789:Vienna offensive
4784:
4777:
4770:
4768:Battle of Manila
4763:
4743:
4734:
4725:
4718:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4642:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4552:
4545:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4511:
4509:Korsun–Cherkassy
4504:
4493:
4471:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4351:Bombing of Gorky
4346:
4339:
4332:
4312:
4305:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4218:Battle of Midway
4213:
4206:
4204:Battle of Gazala
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4114:Battle of Borneo
4109:
4107:Malayan campaign
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4051:Bombing of Gorky
4046:
4044:Battle of Moscow
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3896:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3808:Battle of France
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3661:Munich Agreement
3656:
3649:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3617:
3610:
3595:
3594:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3546:Soviet prisoners
3540:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3510:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3486:German prisoners
3482:
3462:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3024:
3022:French Indochina
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2946:
2937:
2930:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2869:from August 1944
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2752:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2654:
2653:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2595:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2513:Nanjing Massacre
2508:
2501:
2492:
2490:Nuremberg trials
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2223:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2094:Asia and Pacific
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2025:
2023:Mulberry harbour
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1865:
1858:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1711:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1548:
1529:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1072:Desert Air Force
1069:
1058:
1013:
1004:
996:
992:
986:
981:
953:
935:2/10th Battalion
931:
924:
919:
885:
876:
832:
829:
825:
792:Cannone da 77/28
785:
781:
736:
716:Al Jaghbub Oasis
713:
701:
695:
688:
681:Second World War
643:
317:
315:
305:
298:
291:
282:
281:
251:
250:
244:
197:
189:
188:
177:
176:
161:
157:
155:
154:
143:
141:
140:
131:
129:
128:
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
92:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
50:
49:
43:Second World War
29:
28:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4984:
4982:
4970:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4908:
4903:Atomic bombings
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4746:
4739:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4661:
4652:
4645:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4606:
4599:
4594:Eastern Romania
4592:
4587:Warsaw Uprising
4585:
4580:Tannenberg Line
4578:
4571:
4566:Western Ukraine
4564:
4555:
4548:
4539:
4530:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4496:
4487:
4474:
4467:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4358:Battle of Kursk
4356:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4315:
4308:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4169:St Nazaire Raid
4167:
4160:
4153:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
3993:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3951:Anglo-Iraqi War
3949:
3942:Battle of Crete
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3899:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3871:Eastern Romania
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3689:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3613:
3606:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3557:
3550:
3545:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3513:
3506:
3497:
3490:
3485:
3478:
3465:
3458:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3432:Western Ukraine
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3376:Northeast China
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3082:Slovak Republic
3080:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3053:Empire of Japan
3051:
3042:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2962:
2949:
2942:
2933:
2926:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2598:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2565:Sexual violence
2564:
2557:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2283:Greek Civil War
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2108:South-East Asia
2106:
2099:
2092:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1967:Military awards
1965:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1854:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1719:
1714:
1689:
1687:Further reading
1684:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1614:
1612:
1574:
1572:
1545:
1526:
1509:
1504:
1498:Richardson 2010
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1465:
1459:Richardson 2010
1457:
1453:
1447:Richardson 2010
1445:
1441:
1435:Richardson 2010
1433:
1429:
1423:Richardson 2010
1421:
1417:
1411:Richardson 2010
1409:
1405:
1399:Richardson 2010
1397:
1393:
1387:Richardson 2010
1385:
1381:
1375:Richardson 2010
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1351:Richardson 2010
1349:
1345:
1339:Richardson 2010
1337:
1333:
1327:Richardson 2010
1325:
1321:
1315:Richardson 2010
1313:
1309:
1305:, pp. 7–8.
1303:Richardson 2010
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1245:, pp. 5–7.
1243:Richardson 2010
1241:
1237:
1231:Richardson 2010
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1207:Richardson 2010
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:, pp. 2–3.
1183:Richardson 2010
1181:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1108:
1099:
1096:1,300 prisoners
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1067:
1061:Siege of Tobruk
1056:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1011:
1002:
994:
990:
984:
979:
973:
961:
951:
943:
929:
922:
917:
893:
883:
860:Royal Air Force
853:
845:
840:
830:
827:
820:
805:
783:
779:
778:, consisted of
772:Egyptian border
756:
751:
711:
700:(9–16 December)
699:
693:
653:
652:
651:
646:
598:Devil's gardens
584:
464:2nd Bir el Gubi
454:1st Bir el Gubi
318:
313:
311:
309:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
265:
259:
258:
257:
256:
252:
230:
229:1,300 prisoners
228:
210:
183:
171:
152:
150:
138:
136:
135:
126:
124:
95:
93:
89:
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4344:Battle of Attu
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4016:Battle of Kiev
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2625:Rape of Manila
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2255:Decolonization
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2019:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
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1963:
1962:
1961:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1938:
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1928:United Kingdom
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1717:External links
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1045:Fascist regime
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941:Plan of attack
939:
897:George Wootten
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21:Main article:
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5034:1941 in Libya
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4926:Kuril Islands
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4693:Syrmian Front
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4639:Market Garden
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4498:Monte Cassino
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3508:United States
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3444:Quốc dân Đảng
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3144:Liechtenstein
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2618:Comfort women
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2605:
2602: /
2601:
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2590:
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2586:
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2578:Camp brothels
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2500:
2496:
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2482:
2478:
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2470:
2468:
2467:The Holocaust
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:forced labour
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2329:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
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2307:
2306:Marshall Plan
2303:
2300:
2299:
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2287:
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2277:
2273:
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2222:
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2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2159:Eastern Front
2156:
2153:
2152:Western Front
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
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2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2046:Puppet states
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:Naval history
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1935:United States
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
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1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
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1837:
1830:
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1819:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
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1779:
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1668:
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1654:
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1550:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1475:
1474:Playfair 1956
1470:
1468:
1461:, p. 26.
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1425:, p. 21.
1424:
1419:
1413:, p. 20.
1412:
1407:
1401:, p. 19.
1400:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1365:, p. 22.
1364:
1363:Johnston 2005
1359:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1257:, p. 63.
1256:
1255:Johnston 2008
1251:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1197:, p. 64.
1196:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1038:On 17 March,
1030:
1016:
1009:
1000:
987:
969:
965:
956:
947:
938:
936:
925:
913:
911:
907:
902:
898:
888:
880:
875:
874:
867:
865:
861:
849:
835:
824:
818:
814:
810:
800:
797:
793:
790:, four 80 mm
789:
780:1,350 Italian
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:Libyan Desert
746:
744:
740:
735:
734:
728:
723:
721:
717:
709:
705:
698:
692:
687:
682:
678:
674:
670:
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662:
658:
642:
641:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:Maletti Group
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:Frontier Wire
591:
590:
589:
588:
581:
578:
574:
573:Outpost Snipe
571:
569:
568:
564:
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321:
316:
306:
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286:
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270:
264:
243:
234:
231:26 field guns
226:
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217:
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175:
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148:
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123:
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109:
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105:
100:
71:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
52:
51:
47:
44:
40:
35:
30:
24:
19:
5000:Bibliography
4983:
4796:Project Hula
4761:Vistula–Oder
4730:
4663:
4654:
4638:
4608:
4557:
4541:
4532:
4523:
4489:
4386:
4301:
4277:
4247:
3998:
3891:
3836:North Africa
3538:Soviet Union
3492:Soviet Union
3418:Soviet Union
3186:Vatican City
3096:Vichy France
3001:German Reich
2898:Soviet Union
2884:South Africa
2877:Sierra Leone
2830:Newfoundland
2649:Participants
2632:Marocchinate
2336:
2327:
2297:
2175:North Africa
2136:Indian Ocean
1995:Nazi plunder
1886:Cryptography
1759:World War II
1699:
1695:
1674:. Retrieved
1667:the original
1658:
1645:. Retrieved
1626:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1589:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1557:
1534:
1515:
1493:
1481:
1476:, p. 8.
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1233:, p. 5.
1226:
1214:
1209:, p. 4.
1202:
1190:
1152:
1143:
1081:
1040:Erwin Rommel
1037:
998:
988:
976:
962:
948:
944:
926:
914:
894:
868:
856:
806:
757:
724:
686:Operazione E
669:Commonwealth
656:
654:
618:Babini Group
603:Fort Capuzzo
586:
585:
566:
559:
545:
538:
531:
524:
512:Sidi Haneish
502:Mersa Matruh
478:
471:
470:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:Twin Pimples
402:Tobruk siege
395:
387:
354:
353:
347:Sidi Barrani
335:
324:
119:Belligerents
37:Part of the
18:
4731:Bodenplatte
4617:Gothic Line
3843:West Africa
3390:Philippines
3369:Netherlands
3234:Czech lands
3172:Switzerland
3116:Afghanistan
3067:Philippines
2935:Puerto Rico
2851:Philippines
2837:New Zealand
2823:Netherlands
2776:Free France
2527:Prosecution
2328:Osoaviakhim
2198:West Africa
2182:East Africa
1829:Conferences
1676:23 February
1615:28 February
1558:To Benghazi
1279:Fuller 2015
1012:11:25 a.m.,
706:(WDF), the
633:Baggush Box
554:2nd Alamein
507:1st Alamein
495:Tobruk 1942
396:Sonnenblume
368:Tobruk 1941
94: /
5023:Categories
4831:West Hunan
4664:Pointblank
4000:Silver Fox
3986:Summer War
3739:Winter War
3718:Phoney War
3499:Azerbaijan
3460:Yugoslavia
3355:Luxembourg
3197:Resistance
2944:Yugoslavia
2809:Luxembourg
2611:Sook Ching
2407:War crimes
2009:Technology
2002:Opposition
1944:Lend-Lease
1921:Australian
1914:Home front
1872:Blitzkrieg
1822:Casualties
1813:Commanders
1785:Operations
1507:References
1088:77 wounded
1078:Casualties
995:6:15 a.m.,
991:10:00 a.m.
980:7:26 a.m.,
952:5:15 a.m.,
879:25-pounder
784:750 Libyan
749:Background
623:Combeforce
613:Camouflage
580:El Agheila
519:Alam Halfa
490:Bir Hakeim
407:2nd Bardia
363:1st Bardia
267:Giarabub,
227:250 killed
82:24°31′01″E
79:29°44′33″N
4896:Manchuria
4782:Indochina
4558:Bagration
4009:Lithuania
3654:Anschluss
3451:Viet Minh
3348:Lithuania
3290:Hong Kong
3060:Manchukuo
3015:Azad Hind
2674:Australia
2474:Aftermath
2337:Paperclip
2232:Aftermath
2032:Total war
1900:Diplomacy
1863:In Europe
1598:886499428
1575:1 October
1486:Long 1961
1291:Long 1961
1267:Long 1961
1219:Long 1961
1168:Footnotes
1084:17 killed
1019:Aftermath
1003:9:00 a.m.
985:9:00 a.m.
930:2:00 a.m.
923:3:00 p.m.
918:6:00 a.m.
691:10th Army
525:Agreement
459:Point 175
434:Battleaxe
378:Beda Fomm
133:Australia
5007:Category
4956:document
4866:document
4723:Ardennes
4707:Budapest
4655:Crossbow
4533:Overlord
4372:Smolensk
3590:Timeline
3425:Slovakia
3411:Thailand
3262:Ethiopia
3227:Bulgaria
3151:Portugal
3089:Thailand
2971:Bulgaria
2749:Eswatini
2742:Ethiopia
2695:Bulgaria
2520:Unit 731
2481:Response
2298:Keelhaul
2248:Cold War
2221:Americas
2212:timeline
2205:Atlantic
2085:Theaters
1708:17871417
1113:Giarabub
1106:See also
1100:26 field
1094:killed,
1024:Analysis
1008:Lysander
754:Giarabub
567:Braganza
441:Crusader
427:Skorpion
388:Giarabub
255:Giarabub
204:Strength
66:Giarabub
61:Location
4933:Shumshu
4700:Hungary
4647:Estonia
4631:Lapland
4609:Dragoon
4542:Neptune
4524:Ichi-Go
4490:Tempest
4432:Changde
4387:Cottage
4279:Jubilee
3995:Finland
3893:Compass
3599:Prelude
3552:Finland
3438:Vietnam
3404:Romania
3276:Germany
3255:Estonia
3241:Denmark
3220:Belgium
3213:Austria
3206:Albania
3137:Ireland
3123:Andorra
3107:Neutral
3074:Romania
3008:Hungary
2993:Finland
2865:Romania
2757:Finland
2735:Denmark
2681:Belgium
2667:Algeria
2373:Romania
2359:Hungary
2115:Pacific
1839:General
1793:Leaders
1778:Battles
1771:Outline
1647:9 March
1570:3134176
1092:250 men
884:620 had
838:Prelude
702:by the
679:of the
673:Italian
661:Jaghbub
560:Bertram
539:Caravan
479:Acrobat
448:Flipper
420:Brevity
373:Mechili
342:Nibeiwa
336:Compass
193: (
41:of the
4910:Debate
4882:Taipei
4875:Borneo
4453:Tarawa
3647:Europe
3608:Africa
3397:Poland
3383:Norway
3362:Malaya
3341:Latvia
3283:Greece
3269:France
3165:Sweden
3130:Bhutan
2858:Poland
2844:Norway
2816:Mexico
2783:Greece
2769:France
2707:Canada
2688:Brazil
2658:Allies
2604:Serbia
2593:Poland
2366:Poland
2352:Baltic
2145:Europe
1847:Topics
1799:Allied
1706:
1638:
1611:. 2015
1596:
1568:
1541:
1522:
1115:(1942)
1111:Film:
1102:guns.
999:Egbert
959:Battle
828:30 cwt
764:Bardia
546:Nicety
532:Bigamy
485:Gazala
156:
142:
130:
107:Result
4686:Leyte
4516:Narva
4502:Anzio
4460:Makin
4418:Burma
4302:Torch
4271:Rzhev
4232:Kiska
3318:Korea
3304:Japan
3297:Italy
3179:Tibet
3158:Spain
3036:Italy
2797:Italy
2790:India
2714:China
2589:Japan
2189:Italy
2101:China
2053:Women
1698:[
1670:(PDF)
1663:(PDF)
1588:[
1135:Notes
1050:oasis
843:Siege
768:Egypt
665:Libya
663:) in
659:(now
383:Kufra
269:Libya
159:Italy
70:Libya
4752:1945
4480:1944
4321:1943
4249:Blue
4239:Attu
4146:1942
3905:1941
3757:1940
3695:1939
3624:Asia
3471:POWs
3311:Jews
3029:Iraq
2955:Axis
2905:Tuva
2721:Cuba
1806:Axis
1704:OCLC
1678:2015
1649:2015
1636:ISBN
1632:HMSO
1617:2015
1594:OCLC
1577:2017
1566:OCLC
1539:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1086:and
869:The
826:and
782:and
725:The
671:and
655:The
472:1942
355:1941
325:1940
53:Date
823:cwt
821:15
196:POW
5025::
4500:/
1634:.
1564:.
1556:.
1466:^
1175:^
1074:.
815:,
722:.
68:,
4003:)
3997:(
2871:)
2867:(
2803:)
2799:(
2763:)
2759:(
2701:)
2697:(
1751:e
1744:t
1737:v
1710:.
1680:.
1651:.
1619:.
1600:.
1579:.
1547:.
1528:.
1281:.
304:e
297:t
290:v
199:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
