2430:
2643:
2614:
232:
221:
210:
144:
2530:
132:
41:
198:
178:
164:
112:
188:
122:
2705:), ended with hundreds of desertions among Biron's troops. Meanwhile, the position of Anjou became impossible to hold with the States, and he eventually left the Netherlands in late June. His departure also discredited William of Orange, his main supporter, who nevertheless maintained his support for Anjou.
2629:
On 17 April, with all preparations completed by the States-General and the Duke of Anjou's forces, the relief army commanded by Biron marched towards
Eindhoven, but Bonnivet's forces, after nearly three months of siege, exhausted and decimated, could not resist more against the intense Spanish siege.
2661:
With the conquest of
Eindhoven, Parma's forces made great advances in the region, and gained the allegiance of the majority of the towns of northern Brabant. The Spanish victory also increased the crisis between the Duke of Anjou and the States-General. Anjou laid the blame for the fall of Eindhoven
2465:
feared that a strong alliance between the Dutch and French could pose a serious threat, but in fact, Anjou had very little influence in the
Netherlands, and he himself was not satisfied with the restrictions of the treaty and wanted more power. On 17 January 1583 the French forces led by Francis of
2662:
on the States, while the States were fed up with his ambitions, and the inefficiency and slowness of his troops. However, the Prince of Orange, a strong supporter of the alliance, reiterated that they could not hope to defeat Parma without French aid.
2577:
garrison), sent 4 squadrons of cavalry and 5 companies of infantry to reinforce
Bonnivet's forces. On 18 March Francis of Anjou accepted the terms of the States-General, and the Prince of Orange, ultimately, asked French commander
2557:
On 7 February the
Spanish forces reached the gates of Eindhoven and laid siege to the fortress city. The States-General urged the Duke of Anjou to assemble his army and march towards Eindhoven, to relieve the city. Meanwhile,
2331:
With the capture of
Eindhoven, the Spanish forces made great advances in the region, and gained the allegiance of the majority of the towns of northern Brabant. The Spanish victory too, increased the crisis between
2553:
to begin siege works at nearby
Eindhoven, an important and strategic town of northern Brabant held by about 800 to 1,200 Scottish, French, and Dutch soldiers under the States' commander Hendrik van Bonnivet.
3264:
2630:
Finally, on 23 April, the States' garrison was forced to surrender, and the
Spanish army entered victorious into Eindhoven, before Biron's joint forces could even cross the
1037:
1174:
308:
2582:, to lead an army composed of Anjou's troops and those levied by the States to relieve Eindhoven. Although Biron was not very keen to accept, the French statesman
1170:
1429:
2586:
persuaded him to accept the charge. Thus, Prince
William outlined a broad plan for the campaign and put Biron in charge of the joint force, consisting by 2,500
2474:
seven years earlier, were determined to prevent another occupation by foreign troops by all means possible. Anjou was decisively defeated by the people of
2712:
was the new target of the Prince of Parma. On 16 July the bombardment began, and by late summer the city was captured by the
Spanish forces, along with
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
3269:
2769:
3274:
2606:
towards Eindhoven, but were repeatedly turned back to Utrecht's border by the Spanish forces. English and Scottish companies based in northern
1463:
1299:
301:
3279:
3289:
2745:
2646:
2490:
2478:, losing as many as 2,000 men. However, at the same time, the rest of the French forces gained control of a great number of towns, including
2297:
1498:
3284:
2486:, and despite an explosion of anti-French feeling in rebel towns, the Prince of Orange managed to prevent an open breach with the French.
1422:
336:
1396:
3259:
2740:
294:
1715:
1710:
1725:
942:
2521:, among others, between 1579 and 1582, slowed his successful campaign for the moment, waiting to see what the French would do.
1493:
1415:
3135:
3121:
3079:
1678:
1392:
1483:
1458:
3254:
2115:
1801:
1468:
1162:
1115:
1012:
960:
587:
547:
447:
410:
345:
332:
3294:
2324:
soldiers under the States' commander Hendrik van Bonnivet. After three months of siege, and the failed attempts by the
1926:
1856:
1779:
1735:
714:
614:
1127:
3299:
3191:
3177:
3163:
3149:
3107:
3093:
2579:
2570:
2369:
2325:
2282:
1946:
1811:
1554:
1532:
1439:
1267:
1069:
761:
467:
32:
3304:
2650:
2462:
2286:
1589:
1328:
744:
214:
2076:
1996:
1705:
1594:
972:
937:
826:
2125:
2559:
2170:
1941:
1720:
1616:
1606:
1517:
1478:
1308:
1132:
756:
736:
664:
182:
3314:
1541:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1289:
3212:
Historie der stad en meyerye van 'sHertogenbosch. Alsmede van de voornaamste daaden der hertogen van Brabant
2470:
by surprise, but unfortunately for Anjou his plan was discovered. The inhabitants, still traumatised by the
2686:
2217:
1891:
1826:
1673:
1668:
1584:
1564:
1508:
1333:
1157:
659:
534:
482:
387:
362:
2165:
2735:
2365:
2341:
2091:
1831:
1730:
1350:
987:
841:
497:
402:
821:
3249:
2056:
2051:
1626:
1380:
1252:
1232:
1074:
901:
896:
801:
599:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2497:, in command of an army of 60,000 soldiers, divided in various fronts, after the Spanish conquests of
1237:
3309:
2227:
2101:
2066:
2036:
2031:
2006:
2001:
1991:
1986:
1841:
1836:
1774:
1621:
1574:
1559:
1284:
1180:
1147:
1054:
1002:
911:
881:
876:
836:
831:
816:
811:
564:
492:
2953:
1981:
1961:
1851:
1527:
1503:
1318:
1137:
796:
776:
604:
574:
524:
432:
2583:
1473:
3199:
Vaderlandsche geographie, of Nieuwe tegenwoordige staat en hedendaagsche historie der Nederlanden
2730:
2190:
2046:
2016:
1956:
1951:
1896:
1641:
1636:
1522:
1360:
1313:
1247:
1190:
1152:
1042:
891:
851:
771:
766:
669:
624:
529:
2642:
2434:
2381:
2353:
2333:
2205:
2200:
2071:
1876:
1821:
1769:
1740:
1611:
1579:
1338:
1095:
1082:
1059:
1032:
992:
916:
866:
639:
609:
477:
191:
2420:
refused to recognise him as their sovereign, and William of Orange, the central figure of the
2610:
also had orders to advance on Eindhoven, but these troops refused to move without their pay.
2446:
2426:
who worked to defuse religious hostilities, was widely criticized for his "French politics".
2237:
2160:
2130:
2120:
2041:
2026:
1976:
1936:
1916:
1911:
1631:
1488:
1355:
1279:
1220:
1215:
1200:
1195:
1166:
1142:
1107:
1064:
1027:
1022:
1017:
886:
871:
791:
724:
699:
694:
487:
2975:
2869:
2866:
In the aftermath, Parma's commanders gained the allegiance of more towns of northern Brabant
2793:
2388:, Anjou arrived to the Netherlands, when he was officially welcomed by William of Orange in
2550:
2534:
2305:
2278:
2195:
2096:
2086:
2061:
1971:
1881:
1846:
1791:
1651:
1257:
997:
982:
906:
786:
709:
644:
579:
457:
427:
377:
318:
236:
28:
2716:, despite the efforts, once more, of the Prince of Orange to relieve the besieged forces.
2541:
In late January, Don Alexander, stationed in the loyalist 's-Hertogenbosch, and after the
1323:
8:
2713:
2502:
2357:
2266:
2081:
2021:
2011:
1966:
1906:
1866:
1262:
1242:
1205:
977:
856:
846:
781:
679:
629:
442:
392:
367:
136:
131:
2429:
1750:
1388:
947:
2607:
2494:
2389:
2361:
2337:
1760:
1755:
1294:
569:
514:
502:
422:
397:
202:
2613:
3187:
3173:
3159:
3145:
3131:
3117:
3103:
3089:
3075:
2618:
2546:
2417:
2413:
2397:
2328:
to assist Bonnivet's forces, the defenders surrendered to the Spaniards on 23 April.
2301:
2222:
2175:
1931:
1745:
806:
719:
519:
225:
125:
3114:
The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588
2795:
The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588
2694:
2291:
2262:
2232:
2150:
1871:
1861:
1806:
689:
634:
619:
462:
452:
382:
372:
116:
78:
3229:
3210:
3197:
2567:
2563:
2471:
2393:
2317:
2185:
2180:
2110:
1921:
1901:
1816:
1646:
1569:
1210:
1185:
1007:
704:
684:
674:
559:
539:
472:
50:
1407:
2674:
2574:
2401:
2377:
2340:
in preserving the fragile alliance between Anjou and the States-General by the
2155:
1796:
1696:
1687:
1656:
952:
928:
437:
197:
177:
163:
111:
3243:
2702:
2654:
2321:
2309:
2270:
286:
2594:, 3,500 Dutch, Scottish, French, and English infantry, 1,200 cavalry, and 3
2587:
2529:
2313:
861:
357:
3043:
2924:
2725:
2698:
2697:, the lack of pay, and the differences between the French troops (mostly
2690:
2622:
2591:
2542:
2483:
2467:
2442:
2274:
649:
83:
3231:
The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle During the Wars of Religion
3170:
The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle During the Wars of Religion
2666:
2599:
2518:
2498:
2405:
40:
2595:
2422:
2258:
74:
2545:, decided to send a substantial force led by the Spanish commanders
2461:
arrived in late 1582, William's plan seemed to pay off, as even Don
3184:
The chivalric ethos and the development of military professionalism
2506:
2454:
2409:
262:
2709:
2631:
2603:
2514:
2479:
2475:
2458:
2438:
2385:
256:
187:
121:
2372:. Based on the terms of the treaty, Anjou assumed the title of
2308:, laid siege to Eindhoven, an important and strategic city of
2682:
2670:
2510:
231:
220:
209:
149:
3156:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806
2678:
2814:
3265:
16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England
2380:. On 10 February 1582, after a vain courtship of Queen
3054:
3052:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2762:
2760:
2257:, took place between 7 February and 23 April 1583 at
3172:. First published 1986. Cambridge University Press.
3088:. Pearson Education Limited. United Kingdom (2005).
3028:
3144:. Cambridge University Press 1933. United Kingdom.
3049:
2982:
2899:
2897:
3019:
2944:
2823:
2757:
2885:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2285:. On 7 February 1583 a Spanish force sent by Don
1437:
3241:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2894:
3100:The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt
2876:
2708:The pace of the Spanish advance continued, and
2336:and the States-General, despite the efforts of
3012:
3010:
3008:
2911:
2909:
2800:
2598:. At the same time, Dutch troops stationed in
2392:. In spite of his ceremonious installation as
316:
2996:
2930:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
1423:
302:
2746:List of governors of the Spanish Netherlands
2701:), and the Dutch and English troops (mostly
2685:by the Spaniards on 27 May, his forces were
3128:Guerra y Sociedad en la Monarquía Hispánica
3005:
2906:
2374:Protector of the Liberty of the Netherlands
2298:Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands
2837:
1430:
1416:
309:
295:
2741:List of stadtholders in the Low Countries
2641:
2612:
2528:
2428:
3270:16th-century military history of France
3126:García Hernán, Enrique./Maffi, Davide.
3086:Spain, 1469–1714: A Society Of Conflict
2693:. The clear superiority of the Spanish
2681:. On 17 June, and after the capture of
3275:16th-century military history of Spain
3242:
3037:
2918:
2665:Biron moved his army to the north of
2524:
2491:Governor-General of the Low Countries
1411:
290:
3290:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
2689:by the Spanish army led by Parma at
2543:show of the Duke of Anjou at Antwerp
2468:tried to conquer the city of Antwerp
2412:French as enemies; the provinces of
13:
2977:The Founding of the Dutch Republic
2871:The Founding of the Dutch Republic
2441:, 19 February 1582, a year before
14:
3326:
3223:
2677:, where he intended lay siege to
2580:Armand de Gontaut, Baron de Biron
2400:, Anjou was not popular with the
2370:States-General of the Netherlands
3285:Battles of the Eighty Years' War
3260:1583 in the Habsburg Netherlands
3102:. First published 2001. London.
2602:were ordered to advance through
2489:Meanwhile, the Prince of Parma,
230:
219:
208:
196:
186:
176:
162:
142:
130:
120:
110:
39:
3186:. Brill 2003. The Netherlands.
2637:
2859:
2560:Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
2533:Battles and operations of the
1:
3280:Eighty Years' War (1566–1609)
3074:. Routledge Publishing 2002.
3064:
2283:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1441:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
33:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
3130:. Volume 1. Published 2007.
2453:When Anjou's army of 12,000
2443:his attempt to take the city
2376:and became sovereign of the
2255:capture of Eindhoven of 1583
1494:Cavendish's circumnavigation
47:Capture of Eindhoven of 1583
7:
3158:. Clarendon Press. Oxford.
3116:. Oxford University Press.
2736:Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours
2719:
2408:, who continued to see the
2366:Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours
2342:Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours
1688:Spanish Armada (1st Calais
1453:Caribbean and South America
10:
3331:
3255:1583 in the Dutch Republic
3209:Van Heurn, Johan Hendrik.
3072:European Warfare 1494–1660
2347:
1464:Drake's 1572-73 expedition
65:7 February – 23 April 1583
3295:Battles involving England
3196:Bachiene, Willem Albert.
3154:Israel, Jonathan (1995).
2820:Van Meteren/Ruitink p.109
2356:(younger brother of King
1786:Low Countries and Germany
1449:
328:
272:
242:
155:
103:
57:
38:
26:
22:Siege of Eindhoven (1583)
21:
3300:Battles involving France
2751:
2433:The joyous entry of the
2338:Prince William of Orange
1697:English Armada (Corunna
1469:Drake's circumnavigation
3305:Battles involving Spain
2731:French Wars of Religion
3140:Van Gelderen, Martin.
2658:
2626:
2538:
2450:
2354:Francis, Duke of Anjou
2334:Francis, Duke of Anjou
156:Commanders and leaders
2645:
2616:
2590:guards, 2,000 French
2584:Pomponne de Bellièvre
2571:was betrayed to Parma
2532:
2447:Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
2432:
2352:On 29 September 1580
2253:, also known as the
273:Casualties and losses
3315:History of Eindhoven
3112:Tracy, J.D. (2008).
2551:Claude de Berlaymont
2306:Claude de Berlaymont
2294:: Alejandro Farnesio
1716:2nd Gibraltar Strait
1711:1st Gibraltar Strait
1607:Vila Franca do Campo
1268:2nd Cape St. Vincent
1158:2nd 's-Hertogenbosch
1070:1st Cape St. Vincent
1013:1st 's-Hertogenbosch
929:1st English Channel
745:Ten Years, 1588–1598
237:Claude de Berlaymont
168:Hendrik van Bonnivet
3034:D. J. B. Trim p.253
2358:Henry III of France
2267:Spanish Netherlands
1997:3rd Geertruidenberg
1947:2nd Geertruidenberg
1812:1st Geertruidenberg
1590:2nd Puerto Caballos
1518:1st Puerto Caballos
1499:Spanish West Indies
1258:3rd English Channel
1083:Twelve Years' Truce
1065:2nd English Channel
973:1st Schenckenschans
827:3rd Geertruidenberg
762:2nd Geertruidenberg
468:1st Geertruidenberg
183:Philip of Hohenlohe
3058:Mack P. Holt p.192
2993:Mack P. Holt p.189
2834:Jeremy Black p.110
2766:Mack P. Holt p.190
2687:seriously defeated
2659:
2627:
2539:
2525:Siege of Eindhoven
2495:Philip II of Spain
2451:
2251:siege of Eindhoven
1191:2nd Schenkenschans
1133:2nd Bergen op Zoom
757:1st Bergen op Zoom
3250:Conflicts in 1583
3136:978-84-8483-224-9
3122:978-0-19-920911-8
3080:978-0-415-27531-6
3025:Graham Darby p.20
2950:Hernán/Maffi p.24
2891:Israel pp.211–212
2651:Alexander Farnese
2623:Abraham Hogenberg
2619:Karl von Mansfeld
2562:from his base at
2547:Karl von Mansfeld
2535:Eighty Years' War
2463:Alexander Farnese
2398:Count of Flanders
2362:William of Orange
2302:Karl von Mansfeld
2287:Alexander Farnese
2279:Eighty Years' War
2246:
2245:
1405:
1404:
320:Eighty Years' War
285:
284:
226:Karl von Mansfeld
215:Alexander Farnese
203:William of Orange
99:
98:
82:(present-day the
29:Eighty Years' War
3322:
3310:Duchy of Brabant
3219:
3206:
3203:Amsterdam 1791.
3142:The Ducht Revolt
3059:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3003:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2980:
2972:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2904:
2901:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2874:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2835:
2832:
2821:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2798:
2790:
2767:
2764:
2695:Army of Flanders
2647:Governor-General
2503:'s-Hertogenbosch
2378:United Provinces
2360:), supported by
2263:Duchy of Brabant
2228:Irish West Coast
2116:'s-Hertogenbosch
1595:Santiago de Cuba
1459:San Juan de Ulúa
1444:
1442:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1371:2nd San Salvador
1366:1st San Salvador
1339:2nd Saint Martin
1309:1st Saint Martin
323:
321:
311:
304:
297:
288:
287:
248:800 to 1,200 men
235:
234:
224:
223:
213:
212:
201:
200:
190:
181:
180:
167:
166:
148:
146:
145:
135:
134:
124:
115:
114:
79:Duchy of Brabant
59:
58:
43:
19:
18:
3330:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3240:
3239:
3234:by Mack P. Holt
3226:
3217:
3204:
3182:D. J. B. Trim.
3098:Darby, Graham.
3070:Black, Jeremy.
3067:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2992:
2983:
2973:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2907:
2903:Holt pp.173–179
2902:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:Holt pp.190–191
2881:
2877:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2838:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2801:
2791:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2754:
2722:
2640:
2564:Geertruidenberg
2527:
2493:in the name of
2472:Spanish plunder
2394:Duke of Brabant
2350:
2300:, commanded by
2247:
2242:
2166:Château-Laudran
2077:Schenckenschans
1756:Cape Finisterre
1726:Gulf of Almería
1663:European waters
1513:Bay of Honduras
1445:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1406:
1401:
1385:
1290:Bay of Matanzas
1227:European waters
1112:
1079:
1049:European waters
957:
943:Gulf of Almería
923:European waters
741:
731:European waters
584:
544:
509:European waters
407:
342:
339:
337:List of battles
324:
319:
317:
315:
260:
254:
249:
229:
228:
218:
217:
207:
195:
194:
185:
175:
174:
169:
161:
143:
141:
129:
128:
119:
109:
95:Spanish victory
87:
81:
51:Frans Hogenberg
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3224:External links
3222:
3221:
3220:
3207:
3194:
3180:
3168:Mack P. Holt.
3166:
3152:
3138:
3124:
3110:
3096:
3084:Kamen, Henry.
3082:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3027:
3018:
3004:
2995:
2981:
2952:
2943:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2858:
2836:
2822:
2813:
2811:Bachiene p.592
2799:
2768:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2675:Bergen op Zoom
2639:
2636:
2526:
2523:
2349:
2346:
2326:States-General
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:3rd Rheinberg
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Bergen op Zoom
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1539:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1397:Historiography
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:Southern Chile
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1167:2nd Maastricht
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1122:Western Europe
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1098:
1090:Western Europe
1087:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
967:Western Europe
964:
963:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
938:Bayona Islands
935:
925:
924:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
751:Western Europe
748:
747:
740:
739:
733:
732:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
600:1st Maastricht
594:Western Europe
591:
590:
583:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
554:Western Europe
551:
550:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
525:Haarlemmermeer
522:
517:
511:
510:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
417:Western Europe
414:
413:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
352:Western Europe
349:
348:
341:
340:
329:
326:
325:
314:
313:
306:
299:
291:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
245:
244:
240:
239:
205:
158:
157:
153:
152:
139:
106:
105:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3327:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3192:90-04-12095-5
3189:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:0-521-32232-4
3175:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:0-19-873072-1
3161:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:0-521-39122-9
3147:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:0-203-42397-6
3105:
3101:
3097:
3095:
3094:0-582-78464-6
3091:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2947:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2888:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2792:James Tracy.
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2656:
2655:Otto van Veen
2652:
2648:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2566:(in 1589 the
2565:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2435:Duke of Anjou
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2364:, signed the
2363:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:) during the
2276:
2272:
2271:North Brabant
2269:(present-day
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:2nd Rheinberg
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:2nd Coevorden
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:1st Coevorden
1990:
1988:
1987:2nd Steenwijk
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:1st Rheinberg
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:1st Steenwijk
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:Gulf of Cádiz
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Bay of Biscay
1734:
1732:
1731:Barbary Coast
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:St. Augustine
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Santo Domingo
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:2nd Gibraltar
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1181:5th Rheinberg
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:2nd Oldenzaal
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:1st Gibraltar
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:4th Rheinberg
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:3rd Rheinberg
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
932:
927:
926:
922:
921:
918:
915:
913:
912:1st Oldenzaal
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:2nd Rheinberg
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:2nd Luxemburg
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:2nd Coevorden
830:
828:
825:
823:
822:1st Luxemburg
820:
818:
817:1st Coevorden
815:
813:
812:2nd Steenwijk
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
746:
743:
742:
738:
737:Ponta Delgada
735:
734:
730:
729:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:1st Rheinberg
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:1st Steenwijk
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
596:
595:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
549:
546:
545:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
507:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
418:
412:
409:
408:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
354:
353:
347:
344:
343:
338:
334:
331:
330:
327:
322:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
293:
292:
289:
280:
277:
276:
271:
267:
264:
258:
252:
251:Reinforced by
247:
246:
241:
238:
233:
227:
222:
216:
211:
206:
204:
199:
193:
192:Duke of Anjou
189:
184:
179:
172:
165:
160:
159:
154:
151:
140:
138:
133:
127:
123:
118:
113:
108:
107:
102:
94:
91:
90:
85:
80:
76:
72:
69:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3237:
3230:
3211:
3198:
3183:
3169:
3155:
3141:
3127:
3113:
3099:
3085:
3071:
3046:(2005) p.140
3044:Kamen, Henry
3039:
3030:
3021:
3002:Israel p.234
2998:
2976:
2946:
2941:Israel p.213
2927:(2005) p.326
2925:Kamen, Henry
2920:
2887:
2878:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2816:
2794:
2707:
2664:
2660:
2638:Consequences
2628:
2617:Portrait of
2592:arquebusiers
2556:
2540:
2488:
2452:
2421:
2373:
2351:
2330:
2290:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2218:Carrigafoyle
2136:
2132:
2103:
1886:
1775:Dover Strait
1762:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1617:Newfoundland
1575:2nd San Juan
1560:1st San Juan
1547:
1543:
1534:
1510:
1344:
1343:
1319:2nd Salvador
1301:
1280:1st Salvador
1273:
1272:
1248:Lizard Point
1226:
1225:
1206:2nd Roermond
1175:1st Roermond
1121:
1120:
1101:
1100:
1089:
1088:
1055:Dover Strait
1023:Hoogstraaten
993:Lekkerbeetje
966:
965:
930:
777:2nd Deventer
750:
749:
654:
605:2nd Mechelen
593:
592:
575:1st Deventer
553:
552:
433:1st Mechelen
416:
415:
363:Valenciennes
358:Beeldenstorm
351:
350:
250:
171:Supported by
170:
117:Dutch Rebels
104:Belligerents
46:
27:Part of the
2726:French Fury
2703:Protestants
2691:Steenbergen
2484:Dendermonde
2406:Protestants
2382:Elizabeth I
2275:Netherlands
2238:Castlehaven
2126:Hoogstraten
2092:San Andreas
2047:2nd Groenlo
2017:1st Groenlo
1972:Knodsenburg
1957:2nd Zutphen
1932:1st Zutphen
1892:Steenbergen
1832:Schoonhoven
1741:Mount's Bay
1692:Gravelines)
1674:Pantelleria
1509:Hispaniola
1474:São Vicente
1345:East Indies
1285:Puerto Rico
1153:4th Groenlo
1108:Playa Honda
1102:East Indies
1085:, 1609–1621
1043:3rd Groenlo
988:San Andreas
892:2nd Groenlo
852:1st Groenlo
787:Knodsenburg
772:2nd Zutphen
720:1st Zutphen
675:3rd Antwerp
660:Steenbergen
650:2nd Antwerp
560:1st Antwerp
535:Reimerswaal
498:Schoonhoven
488:Mookerheyde
388:Heiligerlee
84:Netherlands
3244:Categories
3218:(in Dutch)
3205:(in Dutch)
3065:References
3016:Holt p.191
2915:Holt p.181
2856:Holt p.190
2714:Nieuwpoort
2669:, between
2667:Roosendaal
2600:Gelderland
2519:Oudenaarde
2499:Maastricht
2457:and 5,000
2445:by force.
2423:Politiques
2404:and Dutch
2201:2nd Calais
2131:Ardenburg
2097:Nieuwpoort
2082:Zaltbommel
2052:Bredevoort
1847:Borgerhout
1827:Valkenburg
1802:Middelburg
1765:West Wales
1679:1st Cádiz
1657:2nd Azores
1652:Las Palmas
1642:2nd Flores
1637:1st Flores
1632:1st Azores
1585:Portobello
1542:La Guaira
1033:2nd Lingen
998:Nieuwpoort
978:Zaltbommel
917:1st Lingen
897:Bredevoort
580:Borgerhout
483:Valkenburg
458:IJsselmeer
448:Middelburg
403:Le Quesnoy
378:Oosterweel
16:1583 siege
3216:Utrecht.
2868:. Tracy.
2699:Catholics
2368:with the
2259:Eindhoven
2139:2nd Sluis
2135:Oostberg
2121:2nd Grave
2106:2nd Meurs
2067:Oldenzaal
2062:Ootmarsum
2027:2nd Hulst
2007:Groningen
1977:1st Hulst
1937:1st Sluis
1912:1st Grave
1887:Eindhoven
1867:Noordhorn
1761:Cornwall
1751:2nd Cádiz
1721:Berlengas
1555:Guadalupe
1533:Trinidad
1523:San Mateo
1484:Cartagena
1393:Aftermath
1329:Itamaracá
1314:1st Unare
1300:Trujillo
1263:The Downs
1238:2nd Cádiz
1221:4th Hulst
1216:3rd Hulst
1201:3rd Venlo
1196:4th Breda
1171:2nd Venlo
1143:3rd Breda
1116:1621–1648
1060:2nd Sluis
1028:3rd Sluis
1018:2nd Grave
961:1599–1609
948:1st Cádiz
907:Ootmarsum
887:1st Meurs
872:2nd Hulst
837:Groningen
792:1st Hulst
767:2nd Breda
725:1st Sluis
700:1st Venlo
695:1st Grave
655:Eindhoven
630:Noordhorn
625:1st Breda
588:1579–1588
548:1576–1579
530:Zuiderzee
503:Zierikzee
493:Oudewater
411:1572–1576
393:Jemmingen
368:Wattrelos
346:1566–1572
265:companies
259:squadrons
75:Eindhoven
2720:See also
2608:Flanders
2537:in 1583.
2507:Courtrai
2455:infantry
2410:Catholic
2390:Flushing
2318:Scottish
2312:held by
2281:and the
2223:Smerwick
2176:Caudebec
2057:Enschede
2032:Turnhout
1982:Nijmegen
1967:Delfzijl
1962:Deventer
1852:Mechelen
1842:Rijmenam
1837:Gembloux
1770:Sesimbra
1627:Santiago
1612:Terceira
1601:Atlantic
1546:Caracas
1351:Mormugão
1304:Campeche
1295:Abrolhos
1274:Americas
933:Flanders
902:Enschede
877:Turnhout
862:2nd Lier
807:Caudebec
797:Nijmegen
782:Delfzijl
645:1st Lier
570:Rijmenam
565:Gembloux
515:Flushing
398:Jodoigne
263:infantry
243:Strength
137:Scotland
70:Location
31:and the
2974:Tracy.
2710:Dunkirk
2632:Scheldt
2604:Utrecht
2596:cannons
2575:English
2573:by its
2515:Tournai
2480:Dunkirk
2476:Antwerp
2459:cavalry
2439:Antwerp
2418:Holland
2414:Zeeland
2402:Flemish
2386:England
2348:Prelude
2310:Brabant
2292:Spanish
2233:Kinsale
2212:Ireland
2191:Morlaix
1902:Antwerp
1872:Niezijl
1807:Haarlem
1746:Cawsand
1701:Lisbon)
1683:Algarve
1669:Scheldt
1622:Bermuda
1580:Tabasco
1537:Orinoco
1361:Malacca
1324:Cabañas
1253:Dunkirk
1138:Fleurus
635:Niezijl
520:Borsele
463:Alkmaar
453:Haarlem
443:Naarden
423:Brielle
333:Origins
281:Unknown
278:Unknown
268:Unknown
257:cavalry
3190:
3176:
3162:
3148:
3134:
3120:
3106:
3092:
3078:
2466:Anjou
2322:French
2320:, and
2273:, the
2206:Amiens
2196:Crozon
2151:Arques
2145:France
2111:Ostend
2072:Lingen
1907:Arnhem
1877:Lochem
1862:Kollum
1817:Leiden
1706:Bayona
1565:Panama
1528:Recife
1504:Havana
1381:Cavite
1376:Manila
1186:Leuven
1128:Jülich
1096:Aachen
1008:Ostend
953:Azores
867:Calais
690:Boksum
680:Arnhem
640:Lochem
620:Kollum
473:Leiden
383:Dahlen
373:Lannoy
147:
126:France
92:Result
2752:Notes
2683:Diest
2671:Breda
2588:Swiss
2511:Breda
2437:into
2314:Dutch
2186:Blaye
2181:Craon
2171:Rouen
2161:Paris
2042:Meurs
2022:Lippe
1952:Breda
1917:Venlo
1897:Aalst
1822:Delft
1647:Faial
1570:Pinos
1389:Peace
1356:Galle
1243:Slaak
1211:Kallo
1163:Meuse
857:Lippe
802:Rouen
710:Neuss
685:Empel
670:Aalst
665:Ghent
610:Diest
540:Lillo
478:Delft
150:Spain
3188:ISBN
3174:ISBN
3160:ISBN
3146:ISBN
3132:ISBN
3118:ISBN
3104:ISBN
3090:ISBN
3076:ISBN
2679:Wouw
2673:and
2649:Don
2568:city
2549:and
2482:and
2416:and
2396:and
2304:and
2249:The
2156:Ivry
2087:Rees
1922:Axel
1882:Lier
1797:Goes
1792:Mons
1550:Coro
983:Rees
705:Axel
438:Goes
428:Mons
62:Date
45:The
2653:by
2621:by
2384:in
2296:),
2012:Huy
847:Huy
49:by
3246::
3051:^
3007:^
2984:^
2955:^
2932:^
2908:^
2896:^
2839:^
2825:^
2802:^
2771:^
2759:^
2634:.
2517:,
2513:,
2509:,
2505:,
2501:,
2344:.
2316:,
2265:,
2261:,
1395:–
1391:–
1173:,
1169:,
335:–
261:5
255:4
77:,
3214:.
3201:.
2657:.
2625:.
2449:.
2289:(
2137:·
2133:·
2104:·
1763:·
1699:·
1690:·
1681:·
1548:·
1544:·
1535:·
1511:·
1431:e
1424:t
1417:v
1302:·
1177:)
1165:(
931:·
310:e
303:t
296:v
253::
173::
86:)
53:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
