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514:"...A small detachment of United States troops, under the command of Lieutenant Jacob Kingsbury, occupied the fort. It consisted of a corporal and eleven men, besides the commandant. Their names were Taylor, Neef, O'Neal, O'Leary, Lincoln, Grant, Strong, Sowers, Murphy, Abel, McVicar and Wiseman. The plan shows the cabins of the settlers. There were on the north side of the fort, Horn, McDonald, Barrott and Barket, with their families, and on the south side, White, with his family and McDonald, whose family was not at the station..."
421:
615:
594:, and demanded surrender using their captive as an interpreter. This parlay lasted about an hour on the east side of the Fort. Gunfire broke out on the opposite side by the deep portion of the river while the demands were being made. Then the shooting continued for another two hours, but these battle demands were ignored. The attackers withdrew until the evening, but likely used the time to butcher their cattle.
25:
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St. Clair' main body in 1791, and Wayne' center and left wing in 1793." The settlers' ownership was ultimately annulled by
Washington and only after the defeat of Tecumseh's Confederation was the area successfully occupied. The station had been the key to settler survival in what became the entirety of Hamilton, Butler, and Warren Counties.
522:
on the outside and had, for example, become a way into the Fort for their dogs. This was reversed, but there were still open spaces between some of the logs. As per
Shaumburgh's Plan, all this was linked with 8' high fencing of log pickets, and then extended to the shore, The total enclosed about one acre.
627:...The lieutenant answered, that if they were three hundred devils, he would not surrender; and immediately fired on the Indians, twelve of whom were killed. The remainder, after having quartered Mr. Hunt, in the view of the fort, made a rapid retreat: none of the garrison were either killed or wounded.
825:
Nelson's
History of Hamilton County (1894) gives this list of inhabitants of Coleraine or Dunlap's Station: Thomas Larison; Martin Burkhardt; Michael and Nicholas Lutz; John, David and William Crum; David and Isaac Gibson; John Young; Samuel Carswell; James Barratt and Michael Hahn. Others known to
642:
In 1881, Ford called this "the fiercest and longest sustained Indian attack recorded in the annals of
Hamilton county." The station was later twice abandoned as being too vulnerable: George Rogers Clark had traversed this area in 1780, then parts of three other armies - "...Harmar' left wing, 1790;
597:
The captive Hunt was killed under disputed circumstances. While the Girty brothers were alleged to have been present to instigate the execution of Abner Hunt, according to an 1843 report it seems more likely that Blue Jacket led this attack while Girty was at Baker's
Station on the Virginia side of
521:
had been constructed for the military garrison, as had a shelter for the hand mill. The ten settler's cabins faced together, A cleared line of fire was begun by removing brush and felled trees, but this was not completed in time. Another vulnerability had been that the lower edges of the roofs were
622:
On
January 14, Kingsbury was praised by Harmar. No mention was made of the honour and compassion shown to Wallace and Cunningham's body. However, the apparent torture of a surveyor during the effort to capture the small fort, especially as "white traitors" were said to be the leaders, was widely
601:
The
January 12th detailed written report from Kingsbury to Harmar simply called this a "murder," but the torture allegations could well be accurate. Wallace had escaped to summon reinforcements, who rapidly made their way to assist. Fighting resumed at the break of dawn the next day, January 11,
545:
Everything started, however, on
January 8, 1791, two days before the actual siege, when a cross-border surveying incursion, mostly by civilians and military not from Dunlap's Station, was attacked. John S. Wallace, Capt. John Sloan, surveyor Abner Hunt and a Mr. Cunningham from the station were
945:
History of the Girtys [microform] : A concise account of the Girty brothers, Thomas, Simon, James and George, and of their half-brother John Turner : Also of the part taken by them in Lord
Dunsmore' s war, in the western border war of the revolution, and in the Indian War of
1296:
Rowland, Carolyn D., R. V. Van Trees, Marc S. Taylor, Michael L. Raymer and Dan E. Krane. Was the
Shawnee War Chief Blue Jacket a Caucasian?, Forensic Bioinformatics, Inc., Dayton, OH 45324; Fairborn, OH 45324; Technical Associates Inc., Ventura, CA 93003; Department of Computer Science and
1312:
Spooner, Walter Whipple, principal author, with an introduction by Florus B. Plimpton. The Back-woodsmen, Or, Tales of the Borders : a Collection of Historical and Authentic Accounts of Early Adventure Among the Indians. Cincinnati : Jones Bros., c1883. 608 p. :
1316:
The American museum or universal magazine: containing essays on agriculture, commerce, manufactures, politics, morals and manners .. Volume 9 of The American museum or universal magazine: containing essays on agriculture, commerce, manufactures, politics, morals and manners.
584:, gathered in the blockhouses to prepare for the assault. This included the women melting spoons for bullets. Unsurprisingly, on Sunday the natives allowed Wallace to take them to Cunningham's body. "They buried it on the spot, and returned without molestation..."
1320:
Turner, G., "Plan and Elevation of a Stockade Work, with Block-House Bastions; designed for the defence of the Settlement of Coleraine, on the Great Miami River, 1791." Watercolor, pen and ink. Josiah Harmar Papers. Map Division, Small Maps 1791.
1217:
Center for the Electronic Reconstruction of Historical and Archaeological Sites (CERHAS) at the University of Cincinnati, and the Newark Earthworks Center at the Ohio State University at Newark. Ancient Ohio Trail, The Great Miami Valley.
1123:
Turner, "Plan and Elevation of a Stockade Work, with Block-House Bastions; designed for the defence of the Settlement of Coleraine, on the Great Miami River, 1791." Watercolor, pen and ink. Josiah Harmar Papers. Map Division, Small Maps
709:"The country between the Great and Little Miamis had been the scene of so many fierce conflicts between Kentuckians and Indians in their raids to and fro that it was termed the 'Miami Slaughter House,'" Howe, pg. 746.
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635:. Plans were made for a more substantial fort the following year, possibly on the west bank of the Big Miami, but it seems this was never built. George Washington did not officially approve any of the
443:
who were encroaching upon Indian territory had either purchased or been awarded titles to plots of land in the Ohio Country, and this brought them into conflict with the Indian tribes in the area.
1523:
432:
vigorously adopted every imaginable effort to survive and thrive. However, "By 1690, many of the Native American peoples in the eastern part of the region had been driven out by the
587:
Cone later wrote: "This night it rained, froze, and snow fell from four to five inches deep..." This fact would prove fatal to the planned attack with blazing arrows and torches.
466:, and established in early 1790 in the midst of what was also called Little Turtle's War. It served three main functions: as a base for American expansion into Indian territory,
1324:
Wheeler-Voegelin, Drs. Erminie, Emily J. Blasingham, Dorothy R. Libby: An Anthropological Report on the History of the Miamis, Weas, and Eel River Indians, Vol. 1. Chapter 2.
1593:
1297:
Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435; and Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435. Ohio J. Sci 106 (4):126-129, 2006.
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have been in the Station were James Barrett, James Brady, Sylvester White, Harry Whitinger, Angus McDonald, Thomas Larrison, William Crum and John Thompson. Wells, pg. 76.
667:
277:
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to request support for simultaneous raids on Baker's and Dunlap's Stations. The "white Indian" Simon Girty was honoured with the leadership of these attacks.
1398:. 1068 pp. Subjects Biography & Autobiography › General Biography & Autobiography / General History / Native American. p. 407 and note 381.
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The settlers cleared the land, constructed the station, and grew crops outside during the first summer. The blockhouses were built as a refuge from
429:
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In late 1791 and early 1792, Thomas Jefferson and George Washington became involved after receiving such reports, as did as the luminaries of the
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Scamyhorn, Richard, and John Steinle. "Stockades In The Wilderness-The Frontier Defenses and Settlements of Southwestern Ohio 1788-1795" (1986).
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mounds, This prime floodplain site would have attracted the farmers. The natives may have lost the meaning of these older sacred sites, though.
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and then advertised the availability of this land. They hired the Irish surveyor John Dunlap, who led the party of men, women and children.
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in what became southeast Ohio, turned into an iconic event: Ohioans believed that Native Americans had tortured innocent American settlers.
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land. While neighbouring Indians and settlers had managed to share an earlier Christmas feast, naturally an application was made at
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652:
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Howe, Henry., LL.D. Historical Collections of Ohio, Vol. I. C.J. Krihbiel & Co., Printers and Binders, 1888-1890. Pg. 750-751.
1330:
Winkler, John F. Wabash 1791: St Clair's Defeat. Volume 240 of Campaign (Osprey Publishing). Illustrated by Peter Dennis. 2011.
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577:. Cunningham was killed and scalped, and Abner Hunt was captured. Sloan was wounded and Wallace helped him back to the Station.
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Also known as the 1888 Fort Miami, this was the first Symmes settlement, it was on the Little Miami, being larger and stronger.
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sensationalized as proof of "the savages'" inhumanity. Only two weeks later the press seemed to have begun the embellishment:
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http://publications.ohiohistory.org/ohj/browse/displaypages.php?display%5B%5D=0017&display%5B%5D=64&display%5B%5D=72
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The Clash of Cultures: Understanding the Conflict between Settlers and Native Americans on the Allegheny Plateau
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1431:. Vol. 3. [electronic resource] Chicago, Robert O. Law company, 1919. 3 v. ; 28 cm. p 292.
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On January 10, the Natives approached the station, bragging that they were led by the multi-lingual "villain"
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454:, and those living near frontier outposts north of the Ohio were particularly subject to attack by Indians.
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1859 interview with Orderly-Sargeant William Wiseman, and the childhood-settler Samuel Hahn. Pg. 90-+.
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394:. This was one of the Indians' few unsuccessful attacks during this period. It was shortly after the
45:
need to check writing and caps. Review the notes that use ref tags and check referencing and quotes.
40:
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however the Natives lacked siege weapons. They withdrew around 8:00 A.M. before a relief force from
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1223:
Cist, Charles,. Sketches and statistics of Cincinnati in 1859. Cincinnati, Ohio : s.n., 1859.
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492:, aka the Colerain Township Group (a lost geometric and hilltop enclosure), and one or more sacred
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1097:"Bill Robinson - Research Archive: *WASHINGTon's note?!!! American museum, or Universal magazine"
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470:-based land speculation, and a settlement for American farmers with their fields and pastures.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20110323100831/http://www.bioforensics.com/articles/BlueJacket.pdf
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were vulnerable to forays by united warriors, in November and December 1790 the chiefs of the
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The 1834 report by Spencer was secondhand, from his childhood memory decades after the fact.
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405:
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1255:, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches. illustrated, BiblioBazaar, 2011 (reprint).
1245:
Diemer-Eaton, Jessica. Woodland Indian Torture: A Perspective for Educators. Jun 13, 2011.
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They may have been planning for a more robust replacement Fort. See: G. Turner's 1791 Plan.
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inspecting a nearby clearing when they were surprised and assaulted by the native scouts.
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The American museum or universal magazine. Appendix III, pg. 19. American Intelligence.
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1111:"Bill Robinson - Research Archive: Masons at DSS - Nova Caesare (Isle of Jersey...)"
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1790-95 : With a recital of the principal events in the West during these wars
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http://voices.yahoo.com/woodland-indian-torture-perspective-educators-8571469.html
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arrived around 10:00 A.M. Kingsbury later boasted about scalps his men had taken.
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Later a colonel. Apparently visiting from White's Station, near the Little Miami.
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581:
482:
395:
311:
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195:
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Library of Congress, The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820.
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Adena Mounds - Colerain Township Group – geometric and hilltop enclosures (lost)
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Captured by the Seneca, but later adopted by the Wyandot; here with the Shawnee
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Dunlap's Station, later known to as Fort Colerain, was on the east bank of the
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1083:"Bill Robinson - Research Archive: Thos Jefferson to Geo Washington... Notes"
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Wheeler-Voegelin, Drs. Erminie, Emily J. Blasingham, Dorothy R. Libby. p. 66.
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Ironstrack, George. The Mihši-maalhsa Wars – Part II. Myaamia Community Blog
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Simon Girty Turncoat Hero: The Most Hated Man on the Early American Frontier
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125:
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Miami Valley 1700–1865 Reenactors Company. Dunlap’s Station Revisited 1791
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Ohio Historical Society. January 1908, Vol. 17, Number 1 (pp. 64–72).
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Niswi-mishkodewin (also known as the United Nations of Potawatomi Indians)
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Convinced that the untrained American (aka Shemanese, Long or Big Knives)
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http://gbl.indiana.edu/ethnohistory/archives/dockett_317/317_19n.html#272
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http://clements.umich.edu/exhibits/online/geometry_of_war/geometry5.php
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During their long and complex history on the North American continent,
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http://gbl.indiana.edu/ethnohistory/archives/dockett_317a/317a_3e.html
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settlers in what became the southwestern region of the U.S. state of
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The Colerain Township Group (a lost geometric and hilltop enclosure)
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until 1794, and many other legal issues plagued these transactions.
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Journal-News and the Golden Triangle Association, February 14, 2001
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Native American conflicts, wars, battles, expeditions and campaigns
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was a battle that took place on January 10–11, 1791, during the
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1427:
Hover, John Calvin, 1866– ed. Barnes, Joseph Daniel, 1869– ed.
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Wells, Ruth J. Colerain Township, Revisited. 1994. (PDF link)
1382:, Volume 1. Volume 3 of Ohio historical collections. 280 pp.
1352:
Notes on the Early Settlement of the North-western Territory
1269:
Centennial History of Cincinnati and Representative Citizens
1285:
Milligan, Fred, Ohio's Founding Fathers. iUniverse, 2003.
1203:
Butterfield, Consul Willshire. History of the Girtys. 1890.
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1580:, vol. 14-3, p. 5. Part of a story of Tecumseh and others.
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The settlers and soldiers under the command of Lieutenant
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attacks and unprecedented defeat of U.S. Army forces.
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Chicago: Biographical Pub. Co, 1904. Pages 284-286.
720:Not to be confused with the Forts in Colrain, Mass
488:It was located next to the 2,000-year-old Colerain
406:
suffered a major defeat at the hands of the Indians
424:Detail of Collot's 1796 map; earliest known image
408:. This small episode, a week after the so-called
1624:
1539:The Forts of Ohio: A Guide to Military Stockades
889:Ford, 1881 History of Hamilton County, pg. 256.
430:Indigenous peoples of the northeastern woodlands
1470:, Mercer County, Ohio: Education and Protection
1159:Ford, 1881 History of Hamilton County, pg. 223.
1150:Ford, 1881 History of Hamilton County, pg. 256.
150:
1407:Gehio: Treay of Fort Finney and Olde Coleraine
1482:Lt. Jacob – Commanders at Fort Belle Fontaine
1441:. p. 15. 1906. Eaton and Mains. Open Library
1364:. Volume 29 of Quest Biography. Dundurn, 2011
1032:These included, for example, John Reily from
271:
911:""A Monster So Brutal:" | Essays in History"
1438:Around an Old Homestead: A Book of Memories
1388:A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh
477:had been established in 1787, within which
1468:Archeology of the Battles of Fort Recovery
1308:Plan of Settlement Call'd Dunlap's Station
724:; or on the St. Mary's River, in Georgia.
278:
264:
98:
1355:. Cincinnati: Derby, Bradley and Company.
1306:Shaumburgh, Lieutenant Bartholomew. 1791
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
1138:"Symmes Purchase - Ohio History Central"
1008:1791+ DsS Events by Original Date, draft
653:Colerain Township, Hamilton County, Ohio
613:
503:attacks, since this was still primarily
419:
285:
16:1791 battle of the Northwest Indian War
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1550:. Buckeye Book Press, 2003. 166 pages.
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658:Station (frontier defensive structure)
1511:. 128 pp. Arcadia Publishing. 2010.
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1253:1881 History of Hamilton County, Ohio
969:
784:Great Miami Valley, Dunlap's Station|
259:
1518:Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees
1195:"Dunlap Station besieged by Indians"
699:Library of Congress: Contested Lands
18:
1638:Battles of the Northwest Indian War
1415:. American History Imprints, 2009.
1390:. Reprint. Random House LLC, 1993.
13:
1475:Kingsbury Family Papers, 1791–1924
1402:Family Tree of Christopher W. Lane
1182:Coleraine Historical Society model
401:A few months after the siege, the
14:
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1211:Captives in American Indian Wars
1187:
1175:
755:He named this after his home in
525:
1566:. Penguin Group (Canada), 1993.
1213:Captives in American Indian Wars
1168:Scamyhorn & Steinle, pg. 73.
216:
200:
189:
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1643:1791 in the Northwest Territory
1587:. 1992. p. 407 & note 381.
1499:Scholle, Frank & Don Linz.
1362:Simon Girty: Wilderness Warrior
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1251:Ford, Henry A. & Kate B.
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1:
1236:Indian Attack on Fort Dunlap.
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970:Butts, Edward (2011-08-22).
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7:
1429:Memoirs of the Miami valley
1378:Downes, Randolph Chandler.
1293:, 9781469722665. 336 pages.
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43:. The specific problem is:
10:
1664:
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1466:Keller, Christine, et al.
1338:, 9781849086769. 96 pages.
1050:CERHAS, Ancient Ohio Trail
104:A plan of Dunlap's Station
1266:Greve, Charles Theodore.
540:British Indian Department
372:siege of Dunlap's Station
297:
241:
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85:Siege of Dunlap's Station
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1578:Indian-Artifact Magazine
1380:Frontier Ohio, 1788–1803
1036:. Spooner, pages 23-27.
976:. Dundurn. p. 297.
688:See map of 1791 Campaign
674:
536:Northwestern Confederacy
457:
380:Northwestern Confederacy
166:Northwestern Confederacy
1436:Huston, Paul Griswold,
915:www.essaysinhistory.com
555:Myaami (Miami-Illinois)
553:(Algonquian-speaking),
436:and their allies." The
1411:Hoffman, Phillip W.,
1349:Burnet, Jacob (1847).
1276:Harmer to Hamtramack.
1234:Cone, Stephen Decatur
722:Colrain, Massachusetts
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619:
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183:Commanders and leaders
1609:39.29306°N 84.65528°W
1561:Wiete, Robin Leanne.
625:
617:
423:
242:Casualties and losses
1585:The Life of Tecumseh
1491:. 1999 (June 2006) .
1489:Buckeye Battlefields
1060:Harmar transcription
997:Butterfield, pg. 249
448:Northwest Indian War
376:Northwest Indian War
289:Northwest Indian War
92:Northwest Indian War
50:improve this article
39:to meet Knowledge's
1614:39.29306; -84.65528
1605: /
1085:. 19 November 2014.
618:Site of Fort Dunlap
475:Northwest Territory
410:Big Bottom massacre
327:Blackberry Campaign
116:January 10–11, 1791
1563:When Morning Comes
1537:Williams, Gary S.
1386:Eckert, Allen W.
1343:General references
1113:. 7 February 2015.
1099:. 5 December 2013.
761:County Londonderry
620:
575:Ojibwe (Chippewas)
559:Lenape (Delawares)
481:had organized the
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403:United States Army
337:St. Clair's defeat
177:Province of Quebec
1648:Conflicts in 1791
1501:Colerain Township
1487:Kramb, Edwin A.,
983:978-1-55488-950-1
806:Columbia Tusculum
563:Wyandots (Hurons)
464:Great Miami River
452:Revolutionary War
438:European American
388:European American
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307:Logan's raid
145:Belligerents
126:Ohio Country
90:Part of the
64:
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48:Please help
44:
33:
1612: /
1480:Kingsbury,
592:Simon Girty
519:blockhouses
223:Simon Girty
212:Blue Jacket
52:if you can.
1627:Categories
1600:84°39′19″W
1597:39°17′35″N
1336:1849086761
1291:1469722666
763:, Ireland.
598:the Ohio.
468:New Jersey
416:Background
317:Big Bottom
58:March 2020
1447:23466890M
1423:. 490 pp.
1374:. 192 pp.
757:Coleraine
610:Aftermath
490:Earthwork
302:Vincennes
1520:. 2000.
1455:01581625
1034:Columbia
949:. 1890.
647:See also
532:militias
441:settlers
434:Iroquois
247:2 killed
237:~300–500
229:Strength
121:Location
34:require
1555:Fiction
551:Shawnee
505:Shawnee
36:cleanup
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517:Three
501:Native
157:
133:Result
1317:1791.
675:Notes
494:Adena
458:Siege
1568:ISBN
1544:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1451:OCLC
1417:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1313:ill.
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1225:ISBN
978:ISBN
951:ISBN
473:The
446:The
392:Ohio
386:and
370:The
113:Date
382:of
234:~30
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