Shuttle–Mir program

3179: 1689: 2647: 1832: 4514: 2423: 3005: 2287: 2925: 3082: 2061: 4567:

as it required the astronaut or cosmonaut in charge to dock the Progress without the aide of any sort of telemetry or guidance. However, the Russian Space Agency's results blamed the accident on crew error, accusing their own cosmonaut of miscalculating the distance between the Progress and the space station. The Russian Space Agency's results were heavily criticized, even by their own cosmonaut Tsibliyev, on whom they were placing the blame. During his first press conference following his return to Earth, the cosmonaut expressed his anger and disapproval by declaring, "It has been a long tradition here in Russia to look for scapegoats."

2181: 1942: 2544: 2778: 4385: 2840: 239: 3740: 4164: 3468: 1563: 9965: 4482: 4471: 4460: 4442: 4431: 4392: 4363: 4352: 4341: 4330: 4319: 4276: 4265: 4243: 4221: 4210: 4171: 4142: 4131: 4102: 4091: 4052: 4041: 4030: 4019: 4008: 3997: 3958: 3947: 3936: 3925: 3914: 3903: 3864: 3853: 3842: 3831: 3820: 3809: 3762: 3751: 3729: 3718: 3647: 3636: 3625: 3614: 3603: 3560: 3486: 3475: 3457: 3446: 3435: 3379: 3361: 3350: 3339: 3328: 83: 4453: 3372: 10648: 9893: 6479: 49: 3526: 6980: 6689: 4124: 9955: 4493: 4374: 4254: 4232: 4153: 4113: 3671: 3658: 3547: 3534: 3497: 3390: 70: 4423: 4311: 4202: 3895: 4083: 9905: 3989: 3801: 3710: 3595: 3427: 3320: 234: 8355: 4740: 1811:, which were used by American astronauts as living quarters and laboratories to conduct the majority of their science aboard the station. These missions allowed NASA and Roscosmos to learn a great deal about how best to work with international partners in space and how to minimize the risks associated with assembling a large space station in orbit, as would have to be done with the ISS. 1511:(ISS). The program was announced in 1993, the first mission started in 1994 and the project continued until its scheduled completion in 1998. Eleven Space Shuttle missions, a joint Soyuz flight and almost 1000 cumulative days in space for American astronauts occurred over the course of seven long-duration expeditions. In addition to Space Shuttle launches to 1657:), which was planned since the early 1980s, being slashed. Similar budgetary difficulties were being faced by other nations with space station projects, prompting American government officials to start negotiations with partners in Europe, Russia, Japan, and Canada in the early 1990s to begin a collaborative, multi-national, space station project. In the 2862:. All three crewmembers of expedition EO-23 performed a "fly-around" in the Soyuz spacecraft, first undocking from one docking port of the station, then manually flying to and redocking the capsule at a different location. This made Linenger the first American to undock from a space station aboard two different spacecraft (Space Shuttle and Soyuz). 3140:, considered the smoothest of the entire Phase One program, featured weekly "Letters from the Outpost" from Thomas and passed two milestones for length of spaceflight—815 consecutive days in space by American astronauts since the launch of Shannon Lucid on the STS-76 mission in March 1996, and 907 days of 4582:

was originally designed to fly for five years but eventually flew for three times that length of time. During Phase One and afterward, the station was showing her age—constant computer crashes, loss of power, uncontrolled tumbles through space and leaking pipes were an ever-present concern for crews.

3222:

As of June 2015, the ISS has a pressurized volume of 915 cubic metres (32,300 cu ft), and its pressurized modules total 51 metres (167 ft) in length, plus a large truss structure that spans 109 metres (358 ft), making it the largest spacecraft ever assembled. The completed station

4630:

felt that the Russian authorities attempted a cover-up to downplay the significance of the incidents, fearing that the Americans would back out of the partnership. A large part of this "cover-up" was the seeming impression that the American astronauts were not in fact "partners" aboard the station,

4598:

science module. Astronauts, managers and various members of the press all complained that the benefits of the program were outweighed by the risks associated with it, especially considering the fact that most of the US science experiments had been contained within the holed module. As such, a large

4566:

In the wake of the collision NASA and the Russian Space Agency instigated numerous safety councils who were to determine the cause of the accident. As their investigations progressed, the two space agencies results began moving in different directions. NASA's results blamed the TORU docking system,

2105:

of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. In addition to the prototype, whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions

4638:

At various times during the program, NASA managers and personnel found themselves limited in terms of resources and manpower, particularly as Phase Two geared up, and had a hard time getting anywhere with NASA administration. One particular area of contention was with crew assignments to missions.

4615:

was more important than the lives of the cosmonauts aboard the station. As such the program was run very differently compared to American programs: cosmonauts had their days being planned for them to the minute, actions (such as docking) which would be performed manually by shuttle pilots were all

4599:

amount of American research was inaccessible, reducing the science that could be performed. The safety issues caused NASA to reconsider the future of the program at various times. The agency eventually decided to continue and came under fire from various areas of the press regarding that decision.

2952:

module during the second test of the Progress manual docking system, TORU. The module's outer shell was hit and holed, which caused the station to lose pressure. This was the first on-orbit depressurization in the history of spaceflight. The crew quickly cut cables leading to the module and closed

1553:

following a fire and a collision, financial issues with the cash-strapped Russian space program and worries from astronauts about the attitudes of the program administrators. Nevertheless, a large amount of science, expertise in space station construction and knowledge in working in a cooperative

4556:

The near-miss and collision incidents presented further safety issues. Both were caused by failure of the same piece of equipment, the TORU manual docking system, which was undergoing tests at the time. The tests were called in order to gauge the performance of long-distance docking in order to

4548:

mounted on the walls of the modules were immovable. The fire occurred during a crew rotation, and as such there were six men aboard the station rather than the usual three. Access to one of the docked Soyuz lifeboats was blocked, which would have prevented escape by half of the crew. A similar

2964:, containing many of Foale's experiments and personal effects, dropped to a vacuum. Fortunately, food, water and other vital supplies were stored in other modules, and salvage and replanning effort by Foale and the science community minimized the loss of research data and capability. 3053:

stay crew members Titov and Parazynski conducted the first joint US–Russian extravehicular activity during a Shuttle mission, and the first in which a Russian wore a US spacesuit. During the five-hour spacewalk, the pair affixed a 121-pound (55 kg) Solar Array Cap to the

4544:(SFOG), burned for, according to various sources, between 90 seconds and 14 minutes, and produced large amounts of toxic smoke that filled the station for around 45 minutes. This forced the crew to don respirators, but some of the respirator masks initially worn were broken. 4631:

but were instead "guests". NASA staff did not find out for several hours about the fire and collision and found themselves kept out of decision-making processes. NASA became more involved when Russian mission controllers intended to place blame for the accident entirely on

3223:

consists of five laboratories and is able to support six crew members. With over 332 cubic metres (11,700 cu ft) of habitable volume and a mass of 400,000 kilograms (880,000 lb) the completed station is almost twice the size of the combined Shuttle–

2805:

moved supplies to the station and returned to Earth the first plants to complete a life cycle in space; a crop of wheat planted by Shannon Lucid. During five days of mated operations, the crews transferred nearly 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg) of logistics to

1921:. They also assisted in the maintenance and repair of the aging station, following various incidents with fires, collisions, power losses, uncontrolled spins and toxic leaks. In all, the American astronauts would spend almost a thousand days aboard 1814:

The project also served as a political ruse on the part of the American government, providing a diplomatic channel for NASA to take part in the funding of the cripplingly under-funded Russian space program. This in turn allowed the newly fledged

2733:

to take his place as resident Increment astronaut. His stay on the station improved operations in several areas, including transfer procedures for a docked space shuttle, "hand-over" procedures for long-duration American crew members and "Ham"

3065:

hull. The mission returned Foale to Earth, along with samples, hardware, and an old Elektron oxygen generator, and dropped Wolf off on the Station ready for his 128-day Increment. Wolf had originally been scheduled to be the final

1985:, was made internationally accessible to cosmonauts and astronauts of many different countries. The station existed until March 23, 2001, at which point it was deliberately deorbited, and broke apart during atmospheric re-entry. 4622:

and earlier space missions that this level of control was not productive and had since made mission plans more flexible. The Russians, however, would not budge, and many felt that significant work time was lost because of this.

9921: 3207:

on June 12, 1998, the Phase One program concluded. Techniques and equipment developed during the program assisted the development of Phase Two: initial assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). The arrival of the

2869:

faced several difficulties during the mission. These included the most severe fire aboard an orbiting spacecraft (caused by a backup oxygen-generating device), failures of various on board systems, a near collision with a

8623: 1494:

The project, sometimes called "Phase One", was intended to allow the United States to learn from Russian experience with long-duration spaceflight and to foster a spirit of cooperation between the two nations and their

2117:

and ISS programs, provided crew rotation and carried various supplies, modules and pieces of equipment to the stations. Each Shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or 10 years' operational life.

4590:

Elektron oxygen-generating system were also a concern. These breakdowns led crews to become increasingly reliant on the SFOG systems that caused the fire in 1997. SFOG systems continue to be a problem aboard the ISS.

1759:

announced plans for a new space station, which eventually became the International Space Station. They also agreed, in preparation for this new project, that the United States would be heavily involved in the

3269:

legacy lives on in the station, bringing together five space agencies in the cause of exploration and allowing those space agencies to prepare for their next leap into space, to the Moon, Mars and beyond.

2989:

carried out a salvage operation later in the mission. They entered the empty module during a so-called "IVA" spacewalk, inspecting the condition of hardware and running cables through a special hatch from

4774: 3218:

In 2015, a reconfiguration of the American segment was completed to allow its docking ports to accommodate NASA-sponsored commercial crew vehicles, that were expected to start visiting the ISS in 2018.

1925:, allowing NASA to learn a great deal about long-duration spaceflight, particularly in the areas of astronaut psychology and how best to arrange experiment schedules for crews aboard space stations. 747: 9951: 4655:

had been slowly collapsing and the budget for space exploration was reduced by around 80%. Before and after Phase One, a great deal of Russia's space finances came from flights of astronauts from

2508:, along with a new pair of solar arrays and other hardware upgrades for the station. The Docking Module was designed to provide more clearance for Shuttles in order to prevent any collisions with 6172: 3230:

Phases Two and Three are intended to continue both international cooperation in space and zero-gravity scientific research, particularly regarding long-duration spaceflight. By spring 2015,

2828:

of the International Space Station. The shuttle's small vernier jet thrusters were fired during the mated operations to gather engineering data for "reboosting" the ISS. After undocking,

9248: 8605: 2692:, which launched on September 16. STS-79 was the first Shuttle mission to carry a double Spacehab module. More than 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) of supplies were transferred to 730: 2913:

was stopped three times while backing away during the undocking sequence on May 21. The aim was to collect data from a European sensor device designed for future rendezvous of

5968: 10446: 4607:

Attitudes of the Russian space program and NASA towards Phase One were also of concern to the astronauts involved. Because of Russia's financial issues, many workers at the

873: 9943: 8023: 6112: 4959: 2749:

array on the base block and reconnect the cables to the more efficient new solar power arrays. In all, Blaha spent four months with the Mir-22 cosmonaut crew conducting

2532:

docking port, prevented the need for this procedure on further missions. During the course of the flight, nearly 1,000 pounds (450 kg) of water were transferred to

2481:, who would form the expedition EO-19 crew, and retrieved astronaut Norman Thagard and cosmonauts Vladimir Dezhurov and Gennady Strekalov of the expedition EO-18 crew. 8629: 4682:

Critics argued that the $ 325 million contract NASA had with Russia was the only thing keeping the Russian space program alive, and only the Space Shuttle was keeping

3163:

and exchanging almost 4,700 pounds (2,100 kg) of cargo experiments and supplies between the two spacecraft. Long-term American experiments that had been on board

2905:. The STS-84 crew transferred 249 items between the two spacecraft, along with water, experiment samples, supplies and hardware. One of the first items transferred to 1677:

became illusionary, though only after its base block, DOS-8, had been built. These developments resulted in bringing the former adversaries together with the Shuttle–

10441: 10246: 3074:. Lawrence was deemed ineligible for flight because of a change in Russian requirements after the Progress supply vehicle collision. The new rules required that all 4701:

revealed that there was a distinct possibility of embezzlement of American finances by the Russian authorities in order to build a suite of new cosmonaut houses in

1795:. Various scientific experiments were also conducted, both on shuttle flights and long-term aboard the station. The project also saw the launch of two new modules, 10323: 10318: 10313: 10291: 8651: 1554:

space venture was gained from the combined operations, allowing the construction of the ISS to proceed much more smoothly than would have otherwise been the case.

1507:(Roscosmos). The project helped to prepare the way for further cooperative space ventures; specifically, "Phase Two" of the joint project, the construction of the 708: 10451: 10330: 8306: 7394: 4713:

to defend the homes but he refused to comment. NASA's office for external affairs was quoted as saying, "What Russia does with its own money is their business."

2263:

module in the Orbiter's payload bay, and took part in a live bi-directional audio and downlink video hookup between themselves and the three cosmonauts on board

6031: 6001: 1731:

Agreement between the United States of America and the Russian Federation Concerning Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes

10563: 2960:

hatch in order to prevent the need to abandon the station in their Soyuz lifeboat. Their efforts stabilized the station's air pressure, whilst the pressure in

1449: 10241: 9990: 2874:

resupply cargo ship during a long-distance manual docking system test and a total loss of station electrical power. The power failure also caused a loss of

10296: 6150: 2404:. Spektr carried more than 1,500 pounds (680 kg) of research equipment from America and other nations. The expedition's crew returned to Earth aboard 5180: 9070: 6236: 10000: 9985: 5326: 3023:

After these incidents, the US Congress and NASA considered whether to abandon the program out of concern for astronauts' safety but NASA administrator

5869: 2352:. Following the rendezvous, Collins performed a flyaround of the station. The mission, a dress rehearsal for the first docked mission in the program, 10618: 10367: 10047: 9778: 5896: 5839: 5812: 5770: 5743: 5713: 5671: 5614: 5546: 5450: 5423: 5295: 4762: 2854:

During his Increment, Linenger became the first American to conduct a spacewalk from a foreign space station and the first to test the Russian-built

866: 3241:

In 2018 that was then extended out to 2030. The results of this research will provide considerable information for long-duration expeditions to the

9936: 8016: 5392: 4932: 4905: 5262: 8762: 8242: 4841: 725: 6180: 6090: 411: 10492: 10163: 9843: 9768: 9255: 6120: 4748: 2714:

development, and other biology studies. About 2,000 pounds (910 kg) of experiment samples and equipment were also transferred back from

1823:

operating, in addition to the Russian space program as a whole, ensuring the Russian government remained friendly towards the United States.

8599: 10608: 10456: 10178: 10027: 10015: 8512: 6892: 1571: 859: 6060: 5792:

David Hoffman (August 22, 1997). "Crucial Mir spacewalk carries high hopes – continued Western support could hinge on mission's success".

5109: 4671:. By the start of Phase One, cosmonauts regularly found their missions extended to save money on launchers, the six-yearly flights of the 3969:

First flight of the SpaceHab double module | Delivered John Blaha for long-duration stay | Returned Shannon Lucid from long-duration stay

2617:

Lucid became the first American woman to live on station, and, following a six-week extension to her Increment due to issues with Shuttle

10692: 10651: 10256: 9929: 9549: 9525: 8551: 8299: 8009: 5636:

William Harwood (November 15, 1995). "Space Shuttle docks with Mir – Atlantis uses manoeuvres similar to those needed for construction".

3572: 1966:

was constructed between 1986 and 1996 and was the world's first modular space station. It was the first consistently inhabited long-term

215: 3256:

on 23 March 2001, the ISS became the only space station in orbit around Earth. It retained that distinction until the launch of Chinese

3078:

crew members should be trained and ready for spacewalks, but a Russian spacesuit could not be prepared for Lawrence in time for launch.

1906:, which would be used throughout their missions to talk with the other cosmonauts aboard the station and Mission Control in Russia, the 10573: 10523: 10124: 9471: 8884: 8268: 7507: 5583: 5207: 4639:

Many astronauts allege that the method of selection prevented the most skilled people from performing roles they were best-suited for.

2356:, also carried out testing of various techniques and pieces of equipment that would be used during the docking missions that followed. 1442: 890: 8166: 5651:

William Harwood (March 28, 1996). "Shuttle becomes hard-hat area; spacewalking astronauts practice tasks necessary to build station".

4616:

carried out automatically, and cosmonauts had their pay docked if they made any errors during their flights. Americans learned aboard

2997:

systems to the rest of the station. Following these first investigations, Foale and Solovyev conducted a 6-hour EVA on the surface of

9559: 9478: 8263: 7751: 5154: 4541: 718: 5472:

Kathy Sawyer (January 29, 1995). "US & Russia Find Common Ground in Space – Nations Overcome Hurdles in Ambitious Partnership".

10528: 10377: 10119: 10069: 9554: 7603: 5960: 5934: 1917:, the astronauts carried out various experiments, including growth of crops and crystals, and took hundreds of photographs of the 10059: 9863: 9596: 7593: 7387: 7382: 7254: 7178: 2172:

was therefore not retrofitted with the necessary external airlock and Orbital Docking System, and never flew to a space station.

1089: 752: 1977:

purpose was to provide a large and habitable scientific laboratory in space, and, through a number of collaborations, including

10213: 10010: 8740: 8735: 8292: 7947: 7862: 7377: 4966: 530: 6380: 2228:, aboard the American shuttle, and marked the start of increased cooperation in space for the two nations, 37 years after the 10502: 10436: 10382: 10352: 10236: 10226: 9441: 8879: 8611: 7989: 7551: 7409: 6629: 6429: 6333: 6327: 5523: 5517: 5242: 5090: 5084: 5031: 5025: 4816: 3132:

During his Increment, the last of the program, Thomas worked on 27 science investigations into areas of advanced technology,

1435: 555: 7578: 6351: 10221: 10141: 10136: 9995: 9838: 9645: 9168: 6844: 6749: 3215:

in 2001 marked the end of Phase Two and the start of Phase Three, the final outfitting of the station, completed in 2012.

2016: 1970:

in space, and previously held the record for longest continuous human presence in space, at eight days short of ten years.

770: 4608: 2248:(or WSF), a device designed to generate new semiconductor films for advanced electronics. The WSF was flown at the end of 1907: 1534:

were achieved by the two nations, including the first American astronaut to launch aboard a Soyuz spacecraft, the largest

10672: 10431: 9980: 9421: 9395: 9351: 8337: 7968: 7399: 1749: 815: 790: 306: 17: 10568: 10193: 9959: 9655: 8557: 8467: 7446: 7229: 4879: 2618: 506: 10538: 9511: 9431: 9065: 8529: 7531: 6901: 6839: 6762: 6023: 5993: 1609:

and the docking between a US Apollo spacecraft and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft. This was followed by the talks between

396: 224: 6403:

Lessons for the International Space Station James Oberg, Contributing Editor, SPECTRUM magazine June 1998, pp. 28–37

6296: 10613: 10593: 9858: 9806: 9564: 9151: 9060: 8767: 8750: 8505: 6885: 4875: 4594:

Another issue of controversy was the scale of its actual scientific return, particularly following the loss of the

805: 775: 361: 6142: 2946:

Foale's Increment proceeded fairly normally until June 25, when a resupply ship collided with solar arrays on the

10682: 10603: 10558: 10173: 9025: 7713: 7544: 7451: 7434: 2019:

docking collar originally designed for Buran, mounted on a bracket originally designed for use with the American

1644: 740: 713: 523: 371: 10276: 9638: 9628: 9326: 7429: 7361: 7203: 6232: 2610:

crew cabin, provided valuable experience for astronauts in order to prepare for later assembly missions to the

1712: 685: 8569: 5176: 2325:, was the second Space Shuttle flight in the program and the first flight of the shuttle with a female pilot, 10583: 10553: 10497: 10372: 10183: 10107: 9831: 8671: 8666: 8442: 8273: 8125: 7840: 7708: 4695: 2110:(KSC) in Florida. The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds. 1764:

project in the years ahead, under the code name "Phase One" (the construction of the ISS being "Phase Two").

1666: 1598: 5865: 5322: 4537:, particularly following the fire aboard the station and collision with the Progress supply vessel in 1997. 2030:, the temporary enlargements of living and working areas amounted to a complex that was the world's largest 1570:" program was proposed in the 1970s, yet never realized. This rendering depicts a Space Shuttle docked to a 10598: 10251: 10168: 9494: 9363: 8617: 8587: 8001: 7934: 7835: 7677: 7672: 4570:

The accidents also added to the increasingly vocal criticism of the aging station's reliability. Astronaut

4288: 3231: 2457:

to rendezvous and perform the first docking between an American Space Shuttle and the station. On June 29,

1504: 907: 346: 104: 5892: 5835: 5808: 5766: 5739: 5709: 5667: 5610: 5542: 5446: 5419: 5299: 10406: 10203: 9848: 9795: 9758: 9717: 9611: 9316: 9296: 9211: 9035: 8774: 8720: 8498: 8462: 8389: 8056: 7857: 7641: 7588: 7441: 7234: 7208: 7171: 6878: 4722: 4648: 3196: 3183: 2875: 2611: 2165: 2102: 1682: 1508: 1470:

was a collaborative 11-mission space program between Russia and the United States that involved American

690: 540: 483: 5396: 4936: 4909: 2396:

science module (which served as living and working space for American astronauts) was launched aboard a

2015:, but its program was canceled after its first uncrewed spaceflight. Visiting US Space Shuttles used an 10548: 10281: 9650: 9591: 9466: 9378: 9108: 8974: 8452: 8318: 7975: 7817: 7515: 7244: 5269: 4578:

were ignored by NASA officials, and that records of safety meetings "disappeared from a locked vault".

4236: 3501: 2918: 2338: 923: 418: 356: 4833: 1999:(seven Salyut space stations had been launched since 1971), and was mainly serviced by Russian-crewed 10533: 10411: 10231: 9688: 9606: 9601: 9275: 8730: 8688: 7910: 7687: 7610: 7487: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7346: 6622: 6422: 2466: 1117: 820: 680: 478: 473: 254: 4635:. It was only after the application of significant pressure from NASA that this stance was changed. 1669:

led to growing financial problems of the now Russian space station program. The construction of the

10461: 10131: 10020: 9801: 9725: 8999: 8575: 8198: 7867: 7718: 7646: 7598: 7538: 7497: 7404: 7291: 7277: 7259: 6082: 2069: 981: 735: 645: 599: 381: 8230: 4117: 1894:

used for transport to and from the Station. The astronauts also received practice in carrying out

10578: 10151: 10042: 9633: 9570: 9545: 9390: 9243: 9178: 8889: 8809: 8710: 8342: 8190: 8064: 7926: 7756: 7733: 7312: 7298: 7249: 6849: 6216:

Specter, Michael (17 August 1997). "Refusing To Play Role Of Mir's Scapegoat, Crew Fights Back".

5489: 5348:

William Harwood (February 4, 1994). "Space Shuttle Launch Begins Era of US-Russian Cooperation".

4182:

Delivered Michael Foale for long-duration stay | Returned Jerry Linenger from long-duration stay

3202: 3107: 2220:. The eight-day mission was the first shuttle flight of that year, the first flight of a Russian 2210: 2142: 2136: 1950: 518: 311: 1632:, with later talks in the 1980s even considering flights of the future Soviet shuttles from the 1523:

module (launched in 1996), making them de facto U.S. modules during the duration of the Shuttle-

10687: 10588: 10362: 10077: 9873: 9816: 9338: 9321: 9267: 9230: 9030: 9004: 8959: 8715: 8258: 7894: 7305: 7284: 7164: 6854: 6591: 6052: 5124: 4775:

s:Mir Hardware Heritage/Part 2 - Almaz, Salyut, and Mir#2.1.6 Shuttle-Salyut (1973-1978; 1980s)

4291:| Delivered David Wolf for long-duration stay | Returned Michael Foale from long-duration stay 4281: 3036: 2405: 2152: 2126: 2080: 1871: 1733:. This agreement called for setting up a short, joint space project, during which one American 1695: 1496: 1321: 1264: 1175: 1134: 835: 386: 4464: 4063:

Delivered Jerry Linenger for long-duration stay | Returned John Blaha from long-duration stay

3383: 1846:, Phase One also featured seven "Increments" aboard the station, long-duration flights aboard 10466: 10357: 10156: 9908: 9821: 9811: 9753: 9623: 9618: 9459: 9124: 9086: 9055: 8964: 8863: 8845: 8745: 8477: 8437: 8432: 8406: 7954: 7941: 7852: 7269: 7224: 7187: 6783: 4558: 4446: 4403:

Delivered Andrew Thomas for long-duration stay | Returned David Wolf from long-duration stay

4225: 3235: 3172: 2094: 2020: 1652: 1640:" program never materialized however during the existence of the Soviet Intercosmos program. 1366: 1351: 1158: 1146: 800: 406: 366: 318: 291: 5587: 5203: 4258: 10271: 10092: 10087: 10082: 9451: 8954: 8839: 8757: 8725: 8661: 8656: 8447: 8284: 8032: 7961: 7878: 7847: 7723: 6859: 6615: 6415: 6272:

Mark Prigg (April 20, 1997). "Row between Nasa and the Russian Space Agency – Innovation".

3400: 3209: 2245: 2107: 1688: 1356: 898: 535: 511: 461: 162: 3159:. The mission closed out Phase One, with the EO-25 and STS-91 crews transferring water to 8: 10634: 9738: 9704: 9235: 9216: 8805: 8593: 8369: 7981: 7796: 7703: 7568: 6809: 6257:

James Oberg (September 28, 1997). "NASA's 'Can-Do' style is clouding its vision of Mir".

5150: 4672: 4356: 3846: 3766: 2939: 2871: 2822: 2818: 2272: 2004: 1756: 1719: 1371: 1207: 1084: 1039: 650: 579: 296: 167: 7351: 5938: 2157:

was the oldest and heaviest of the fleet, it was not suited for efficient operations at

9535: 9113: 9020: 8994: 8934: 8918: 8894: 8234: 7886: 7656: 7583: 7573: 6778: 6710: 6468: 5231: 4805: 4660: 4334: 3772: 3722: 3055: 2866: 2621:, her 188-day mission set the US single spaceflight record. During Lucid's time aboard 2501: 2427: 2008: 1816: 1484: 1421: 1064: 1044: 1024: 200: 2967:

In an effort to restore some of the power and systems lost following the isolation of

2839: 2631:

module, with about 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg) of US science hardware, was docked to

1483:, Russian cosmonauts flying on the Shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a 10421: 10347: 9499: 9383: 9343: 9303: 9223: 9183: 9050: 9040: 8788: 8210: 8174: 8103: 8082: 7682: 6581: 6354:. Students for the Exploration and Development of Space. May 15, 1997. Archived from 6323: 5513: 5238: 5080: 5073: 5021: 4812: 4691: 4652: 4545: 4378: 3552: 3539: 3343: 3118: 2855: 2707: 2379: 2375: 2255:

robotic arm over the course of the flight. During the mission, the astronauts aboard

1879: 1726: 1715: 1543: 1386: 1279: 1049: 935: 795: 780: 401: 351: 4744: 3875:

Delivered Shannon Lucid for long-duration stay | Carried the SpaceHab single module

2453:

The primary objectives of STS-71, launched on June 27, called for the Space Shuttle

2113:

The Space Shuttle carried large payloads to various orbits, and, during the Shuttle–

10266: 10114: 9732: 9373: 8984: 8835: 8563: 8542: 8399: 8202: 8120: 8108: 8098: 7902: 7791: 6754: 6389: 5693:

William Harwood (September 20, 1996). "Lucid transfers from Mir to Space Shuttle".

4664: 4632: 4435: 4323: 4247: 4157: 4095: 4001: 3918: 3824: 3663: 3640: 3618: 3607: 3136:, human life sciences, microgravity research, and ISS risk mitigation. His stay on 2986: 2979: 2859: 2750: 2474: 2387: 2000: 1967: 1903: 1891: 1626: 1579: 1381: 1331: 1326: 1259: 1254: 1217: 1170: 1029: 995: 990: 950: 945: 930: 569: 433: 428: 10628: 10426: 10387: 10335: 10261: 10198: 10037: 10032: 9711: 9681: 9144: 9118: 9045: 8969: 8944: 8939: 8899: 8815: 8374: 8332: 8222: 8218: 8206: 8051: 7766: 7746: 7636: 6655: 4687: 4345: 4214: 3676: 3439: 3394: 3354: 2983: 2890: 2754: 2485:

also carried out on-orbit joint US-Russian life sciences investigations aboard a

2478: 2333:" mission, the eight-day flight saw the first rendezvous of a Space Shuttle with 2268: 2241: 2225: 2083: 1633: 1222: 1019: 999: 940: 840: 656: 443: 391: 376: 323: 271: 238: 2741:

Two spacewalks were carried out during his time aboard. Their aim was to remove

10623: 10301: 10146: 9868: 9748: 9505: 9191: 8989: 8979: 8825: 8820: 8678: 8384: 8379: 8186: 7741: 6818: 6741: 6566: 5068: 4627: 4571: 4518: 4475: 4269: 4163: 4135: 4106: 4057: 4034: 3907: 3744: 3629: 3565: 3490: 3467: 3461: 3450: 3332: 3071: 2794: 2742: 2465:, becoming the first US spacecraft to dock with a Russian spacecraft since the 2383: 2326: 1863: 1851: 1515:

the United States also fully funded and equipped with scientific equipment the

1376: 1336: 1227: 1074: 1054: 912: 662: 438: 423: 281: 276: 4533:

Criticism of the program was primarily concerned with the safety of the aging

3175:(EDT) on June 8 and the spacecraft separated at 12:01 p.m. EDT that day. 1850:

by American astronauts. The seven astronauts who took part in the Increments,

10666: 10416: 10102: 9964: 9896: 9878: 9773: 9763: 9695: 9540: 9173: 8904: 8683: 8472: 8457: 8315: 7918: 7872: 7198: 6793: 6586: 6576: 6571: 6456: 6355: 5505: 4706: 4497: 4486: 4481: 4470: 4459: 4441: 4430: 4391: 4367: 4362: 4351: 4340: 4329: 4318: 4275: 4264: 4242: 4220: 4209: 4176: 4170: 4141: 4130: 4101: 4090: 4051: 4040: 4029: 4018: 4007: 3996: 3957: 3946: 3935: 3924: 3913: 3902: 3869: 3863: 3852: 3841: 3830: 3819: 3813: 3808: 3761: 3755: 3750: 3733: 3728: 3717: 3651: 3646: 3635: 3624: 3613: 3602: 3559: 3485: 3479: 3474: 3456: 3445: 3434: 3378: 3360: 3349: 3338: 3327: 3178: 3133: 3024: 3019:

window, showing several of the station's modules and the docked Soyuz capsule

2924: 2886: 2735: 2581: 2397: 2055: 1867: 1855: 1742: 1722: 1692: 1622: 1562: 1475: 1471: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1361: 1212: 830: 562: 501: 468: 328: 188: 88: 8031: 6870: 6395: 4864: 1538:

ever to have been assembled at that time in history, and the first American

10677: 10306: 9743: 9310: 8162: 5075:

Off the Planet: Surviving Five Perilous Months Aboard the Space Station Mir

4502:

Final Shuttle Mir mission | Returned Andrew Thomas from long-duration stay

4045: 4023: 3940: 3857: 2843:

Picture of the damage caused by the collision with Progress M-34, taken by

2758: 2276: 1996: 1941: 1662: 1346: 1249: 1104: 1069: 1059: 963: 845: 609: 589: 6288: 4957: 4867:

Space Station: Impact of the Expanded Russian Role on Funding and Research

4553:

expedition, although in that case the SFOG burned for only a few seconds.

2814:(the most materials transferred between the two spacecraft to that date). 2422: 1835:

The seven American astronauts who carried out long-duration Increments on

10097: 10052: 10005: 8705: 8581: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7125: 7110: 7100: 7085: 7075: 7054: 7044: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6969: 6964: 6596: 6503: 6337: 5861: 5527: 5501: 5094: 5035: 4513: 4397: 3835: 3514: 3365: 3144:

occupancy by American astronauts dating back to Norman Thagard's trip to

3126: 2746: 2646: 2588:, which also demonstrated logistics capabilities through deployment of a 2367: 2286: 1978: 1875: 1831: 1752: 1614: 1531: 1202: 1012: 785: 640: 616: 594: 448: 7156: 2603:

which occurred around docked vehicles. The spacewalks, carried out from

2584:

was transferred to the station. STS-76 was the third docking mission to

10340: 9436: 9138: 9131: 8646: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6787: 6733: 4452: 4012: 3963: 3371: 3257: 2726: 2536:

and experiment samples including blood, urine and saliva were moved to

2525:

module to a different location on the station. The module, attached to

2244:" payload to fly in space. The primary payload for the mission was the 2229: 2086: 2031: 1895: 1859: 1651:

resulted in funding for the US modular space station (originally named

1648: 1535: 1414: 810: 626: 621: 604: 6407: 3070:

astronaut, but was chosen to go on the Increment instead of astronaut

2643:

to carry out 28 different science experiments and as living quarters.

2515:

solar arrays during docking, a problem which had been overcome during

1602: 10543: 10507: 10487: 9853: 9826: 9674: 9586: 9446: 9415: 9408: 9205: 9103: 8857: 8036: 7761: 5177:"NASA's Space Shuttle By the Numbers: 30 Years of a Spaceflight Icon" 4384: 4146: 3951: 3687: 2711: 2703: 2600: 2221: 2043: 1787:. The Shuttle rotated crews and delivered supplies, and one mission, 1775:. This was followed during the course of the project by nine Shuttle– 1734: 1539: 1301: 1296: 1284: 1195: 1185: 1129: 1124: 634: 6607: 5918:

William Harwood (June 13, 1998). "Final American returns from Mir".

3525: 2810:, and transferred 2,400 pounds (1,100 kg) of materials back to 48: 10482: 7631: 7356: 7338: 7330: 6677: 4727: 4675:

had been reduced to three, and there was a distinct possibility of

3404: 2589: 2521: 2486: 2446: 2260: 2237: 2039: 1665:

and its space program, the deteriorating economic situation in the

1606: 1274: 1269: 1242: 1190: 1180: 1139: 1094: 584: 5568:

Nick Nuttall (June 29, 1995). "Shuttle homes in for Mir docking".

4958:

George C. Nield & Pavel Mikhailovich Vorobiev (January 1999).

3238:(CSA) have agreed to extend the ISS's mission from 2020 to 2024. 1549:

The program was marred by various concerns, notably the safety of

9368: 9358: 9261: 8700: 7779: 7615: 6823: 6716: 6668: 6660: 3929: 3081: 2777: 2662:. The crew compartment, nose and a portion of the payload bay of 2627: 2549: 2060: 1803: 1520: 1291: 1237: 1232: 1163: 1151: 1079: 1034: 574: 2236:

on human space flight, the mission was the second flight of the

2180: 9954: 9402: 9333: 8830: 8695: 8394: 8214: 8170: 7784: 7774: 7130: 7120: 7115: 7105: 7095: 7090: 7080: 7059: 7049: 7039: 6704: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6498: 6493: 5961:"ISS relocates PMM in reconfiguration for future crew vehicles" 4702: 4618: 4492: 4422: 4408: 4373: 4310: 4296: 4253: 4231: 4201: 4187: 4152: 4112: 4082: 4068: 3988: 3974: 3894: 3880: 3800: 3786: 3739: 3709: 3695: 3670: 3657: 3594: 3580: 3546: 3533: 3496: 3426: 3412: 3389: 3319: 3305: 3156: 3114: 3090: 3058:, for a future attempt by crew members to seal off the leak in 3032: 3004: 2948: 2902: 2848: 2790: 2766: 2689: 2659: 2577: 2554: 2516: 2493: 2441: 2416: 2392: 2353: 2322: 2302: 2233: 2217: 2193: 2073: 1992: 1957: 1883: 1797: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1772: 1705: 1658: 1516: 1099: 825: 731:

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

286: 148: 136: 75: 4705:, or else that the building projects were being funded by the 10447:

Defending Elections from Threats by Establishing Redlines Act

9426: 9199: 9163: 9158: 8949: 8113: 7801: 7239: 6074: 2386:, who became the first American to fly into space aboard the 2035: 1918: 1886:, to undergo training in various aspects of the operation of 1670: 1341: 986: 969: 8354: 8314: 233: 8521: 4123: 3571:

First American astronaut on Russian spacecraft | Delivered

3246: 3242: 3190: 2543: 2489:

module and performed a logistical resupply of the station.

2125:, from 1995 to 1997 during "Phase One": Space Shuttle 2090: 1610: 1500: 249: 109: 5987: 5985: 4663:

paying $ 9.5 million to have one of their reporters,

4557:

enable the cash-strapped Russians to remove the expensive

2547:

A view of the Travers RADAR antenna on the newly launched

8182: 8133: 6905: 6640: 6462: 5586:. Canadian Space Agency. October 30, 1999. Archived from 4656: 4521:

wearing a respirator mask following the 1997 fire aboard

2914: 2821:

and Stabilization System (TVIS), designed for use in the

2761:

research, before returning to Earth the next year aboard

1936: 1791:, carried a docking module and a pair of solar arrays to 1479: 975: 958: 194: 5393:"Shuttle–Mir History/Shuttle Flights and Mir Increments" 4287:

Vladimir Titov became first Russian cosmomaut to use an

3399:

First Russian cosmonaut on US spacecraft | Deployed the

3273: 2865:

Linenger and his Russian crewmates Vasili Tsibliyev and

1601:, that resulted in a joint US/Soviet mission during the 10452:

Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act

8490: 6320:

Space Shuttle Challenger: Ten Journeys into the Unknown

6143:"China's Tiangong 1 Space Lab: Questions & Answers" 5982: 3575:

crew | Delivered Norman Thagard for long-duration stay

2878:, which led to an uncontrolled "tumble" through space. 2089:

system that was operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S.

1685:, a joint project with several international partners. 10564:

United States military and prostitution in South Korea

10442:

Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act

5296:"Shuttle–Mir History/Spacecraft/Space Shuttle Orbiter" 4906:"Shuttle–Mir History/Background/How "Phase 1" Started" 3171:. Hatches were closed for undocking at 9:07 a.m. 2209:

program began on February 3, 1994, with the launch of

10242:

Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.

6015: 5922:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a12. 4834:"30 Years Later: The Legacy of the Mir Space Station" 3106:

The final year of Phase One began with the flight of

2496:, began with the November 12 launch of Space Shuttle 2390:. During the course of their 115-day expedition, the 10331:

Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information

10297:

Links between Trump associates and Russian officials

6261:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. C1. 5796:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a1. 5697:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3. 5655:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3. 5640:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3. 5476:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a1. 5352:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. p. a3. 3027:

decided to continue the program. The next flight to

2722:, making the total transfer the most extensive yet. 2706:, and experiments that included investigations into 1995:

series of space stations previously launched by the

5256: 5254: 5107: 4611:felt that the mission hardware and continuation of 3778:| Hadfield became first and only Canadian to visit 6276:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. Sport 20. 5952: 5230: 5072: 4804: 4563:automatic docking system from the Progress ships. 2817:The STS-81 crew also tested the Shuttle Treadmill 10619:United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 10048:Permanent Mission of Russia to the United Nations 6322:. Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Springer-Praxis. 2801:. During this fifth shuttle docking, the crew of 10664: 10288:Russian interference in United States elections 6164: 5251: 5228: 5168: 4825: 4540:The fire, caused by the malfunction of a backup 2317:1995 began with the launch of the Space Shuttle 2308: 2259:also carried out various experiments aboard the 2200: 6286: 5917: 5692: 5650: 5635: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5347: 4626:Following the two accidents in 1997, astronaut 4528: 3101: 726:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 27:1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program 7594:Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) 6024:"Russian Space Agency Endorses ISS Until 2024" 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5142: 5015: 4862: 3151:Thomas returned to Earth on the final Shuttle– 2938:module following a collision with an uncrewed 2592:module, and placed experiment packages aboard 2348:crew approached within 37 feet (11 m) of 1487:to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard 10368:Viktor Bout–Brittney Griner prisoner exchange 10164:Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism 9937: 8506: 8300: 8017: 7172: 6900: 6886: 6623: 6423: 6104: 5791: 4802: 4749:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 4709:. NASA administrator Goldin was invited onto 4690:and equipment used by astronauts training at 2793:replaced Increment astronaut John Blaha with 2240:pressurized module and marked the hundredth " 2091:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1842:In addition to the flights of the Shuttle to 1673:space station as a replacement for the aging 1636:to a future US space station – this "Shuttle– 1530:During the four-year program, many firsts in 1501:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1443: 867: 5890: 5833: 5806: 5764: 5737: 5707: 5665: 5608: 5567: 5540: 5471: 5444: 5417: 5293: 5260: 5174: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5011: 5009: 5007: 4930: 4903: 2921:(ATV) with the International Space Station. 2772: 2572:started in 1996 with the March 22 launch of 1771:was a rendezvous mission without docking on 6256: 5500: 5356: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4686:aloft. NASA also had to pay hefty fees for 748:Department of State Office of Space Affairs 10574:Russian Embassy School in Washington, D.C. 10028:Consulate-General of Russia, San Francisco 10016:Consulate-General of Russia, New York City 10001:Ambassadors of the United States to Russia 9986:Ambassadors of Russia to the United States 9944: 9930: 8885:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 8513: 8499: 8353: 8307: 8293: 8269:List of Russian human spaceflight missions 8024: 8010: 7179: 7165: 6893: 6879: 6630: 6616: 6430: 6416: 6271: 6230: 6134: 5926: 5320: 5201: 4951: 4811:. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 4768: 4679:being sold for around $ 500 million. 2034:at that time, with a combined mass of 250 1450: 1436: 874: 860: 709:Department of Energy national laboratories 237: 232: 47: 9779:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images 8264:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions 7752:Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle 7186: 6317: 6233:"Some question NASA experts' objectivity" 5733: 5731: 5042: 5018:Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir 4831: 1681:Program, which would pave the way to the 719:Office of Commercial Space Transportation 10457:Russian–Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act 10378:Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War 10179:U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs 6200: 5932: 5572:. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from NewsBank. 5067: 4984: 4512: 3260:space laboratory on 29 September 2011. 3252:Following the intentional deorbiting of 3191:Phases Two and Three: ISS (1998–present) 3177: 3080: 3003: 2923: 2909:was an Elektron oxygen-generating unit. 2838: 2776: 2645: 2542: 2421: 2285: 2179: 2059: 1940: 1830: 1687: 1561: 10125:Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons 10060:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs 9864:NASA International Space Apps Challenge 6437: 6215: 6173:"NASA outlines plans for Moon and Mars" 6170: 5958: 5485: 5483: 4659:and other countries, with one Japanese 4574:claimed that his safety concerns about 2889:. Foale and Russian mission specialist 2836:, leaving Linenger aboard the station. 2599:docking module, which marked the first 2011:space shuttle was anticipated to visit 1597:program can be traced back to the 1975 1090:Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories 753:Office of Science and Technology Policy 14: 10665: 10524:Russian Empire–United States relations 8652:Administrator and Deputy Administrator 7948:Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation 6293:SP-400 Skylab, Our First Space Station 6153:from the original on 26 September 2015 6080: 5991: 5860: 5773:from the original on February 10, 2007 5728: 5617:from the original on December 20, 2016 5195: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 3129:, following Wolf's 119-day Increment. 3093:on 12 June 1998, bringing the Shuttle– 2858:spacesuit alongside Russian cosmonaut 2580:, when the Second Increment astronaut 1956:in 1998 as it left the station during 1737:would board the Russian space station 10503:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty 10437:Russian undesirable organizations law 10353:Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal 10237:Strait of Juan de Fuca laser incident 9925: 9442:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite 8494: 8288: 8039:government human spaceflight programs 8005: 7990:When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions 7160: 6874: 6637: 6611: 6411: 6352:"SpaceViews Update 97 May 15: Policy" 6140: 6110: 6053:"Senate passes commercial space bill" 6021: 4832:Al-Khatib, Talal (22 February 2016). 3042:STS-86 performed the seventh Shuttle– 2106:from 1981 to 2011, launched from the 1422:List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts 10529:Soviet Union–United States relations 10011:Consulate-General of Russia, Houston 9996:Embassy of the United States, Moscow 9904: 6979: 6845:List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir 5872:from the original on October 8, 2006 5480: 5210:from the original on October 3, 2009 4549:incident had occurred on an earlier 2797:, after Blaha's 118-day stay aboard 2321:on February 3. Discovery's mission, 2121:Nine docking missions were flown to 2017:Androgynous Peripheral Attach System 10432:Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 9981:Embassy of Russia, Washington, D.C. 7969:Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space 6299:from the original on March 16, 2007 6022:Clark, Stephen (24 February 2015). 5674:from the original on August 6, 2013 5549:from the original on March 29, 2015 5453:from the original on March 20, 2009 5222: 5148: 4933:"Shuttle–Mir History/Welcome/Goals" 4803:David Harland (November 30, 2004). 4779: 2971:and to attempt to locate the leak, 2881:The next NASA astronaut to stay on 2725:This, the fourth docking, also saw 2374:. The crew consisted of cosmonauts 2147:each flying one docking mission to 24: 10569:Russian Mission School in New York 10194:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 8558:National Aeronautics and Space Act 8117:(incorporated into Salyut program) 6141:Malik, Tariq (29 September 2011). 5933:Esquivel, Gerald (23 March 2003). 5899:from the original on March 4, 2016 5842:from the original on March 4, 2016 5815:from the original on March 3, 2016 5426:from the original on March 3, 2016 5108:David S. F. Portree (March 1995). 5016:Bryan Burrough (January 7, 1998). 4885:from the original on July 21, 2011 4856: 4747:from websites or documents of the 3117:. The mission delivered cosmonaut 3046:docking, the last of 1997. During 2500:, and delivered the Russian-built 2492:The final Shuttle flight of 1995, 2196:, the first flight of the program. 2079:The Space Shuttle was a partially 1767:The first Space Shuttle flight to 1661:, as the successor to much of the 1519:module (launched in 1995) and the 531:Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska 507:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station 25: 10704: 10539:Anti-American sentiment in Russia 10383:2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks 10247:Kidnapping of Mormon missionaries 10227:Kola Peninsula submarine incident 9512:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 9066:Commercial Lunar Payload Services 6840:List of human spaceflights to Mir 6763:Mir Environmental Effects Payload 6374: 6171:Cabbage, Michael (31 July 2005). 6034:from the original on 14 June 2015 5746:from the original on May 20, 2007 5716:from the original on May 18, 2007 5329:from the original on June 7, 2011 5229:David M. Harland (July 5, 2004). 5183:from the original on May 23, 2019 5117:NASA Sti/Recon Technical Report N 5020:. London, UK: Fourth Estate Ltd. 2560: 2099:Space Transportation System (STS) 2097:. Its official program name was 2026:With the Space Shuttle docked to 10647: 10646: 10614:Territorial claims in the Arctic 10609:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 10257:Russian Guantanamo Bay detainees 10222:Kildin Island submarine incident 9963: 9953: 9903: 9892: 9891: 9807:Apollo 15 postal covers incident 9565:Space Flight Operations Facility 8751:Operations and Checkout Building 6978: 6687: 6477: 6093:from the original on 28 May 2015 6004:from the original on 3 June 2015 5971:from the original on 1 June 2015 4876:Government Accountability Office 4863:Donna Heivilin (June 21, 1994). 4844:from the original on 16 May 2023 4743: This article incorporates 4738: 4491: 4480: 4469: 4458: 4451: 4440: 4429: 4421: 4390: 4383: 4372: 4361: 4350: 4339: 4328: 4317: 4309: 4274: 4263: 4252: 4241: 4230: 4219: 4208: 4200: 4169: 4162: 4151: 4140: 4129: 4122: 4111: 4100: 4089: 4081: 4050: 4039: 4028: 4017: 4006: 3995: 3987: 3956: 3945: 3934: 3923: 3912: 3901: 3893: 3862: 3851: 3840: 3829: 3818: 3807: 3799: 3760: 3749: 3738: 3727: 3716: 3708: 3669: 3656: 3645: 3634: 3623: 3612: 3601: 3593: 3558: 3545: 3532: 3524: 3495: 3484: 3473: 3466: 3455: 3444: 3433: 3425: 3388: 3377: 3370: 3359: 3348: 3337: 3326: 3318: 2049: 1913:During their expeditions aboard 81: 68: 10604:Space Flight Europe-America 500 10559:Anglo-American School of Moscow 10174:The U.S. Russia Investment Fund 9026:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program 7714:Spartan Packet Radio Experiment 6558: 6344: 6311: 6280: 6265: 6250: 6239:from the original on 2011-06-04 6231:Alan Levin (February 6, 2003). 6224: 6209: 6194: 6063:from the original on 2021-09-27 6045: 5911: 5884: 5854: 5827: 5800: 5785: 5758: 5701: 5686: 5659: 5644: 5629: 5602: 5576: 5561: 5534: 5494: 5465: 5438: 5411: 5341: 5314: 5287: 5157:from the original on 2018-12-24 5151:"Space Task Group Report, 1969" 5101: 4694:. Problems came to a head when 3690:crew | Returned Mir EO-18 crew 3001:to inspect the damaged module. 2696:, including water generated by 2366:flight, the March 14 launch of 2103:a system of reusable spacecraft 1645:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 741:Space Weather Prediction Center 714:Federal Aviation Administration 524:Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport 10693:Russia–United States relations 10277:European Deterrence Initiative 9991:Russian ambassador's residence 9960:Russia–United States relations 7983:Orbiter Space Flight Simulator 7362:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module 6081:Garcia, Mark (30 April 2015). 5992:Garcia, Mark (30 April 2015). 5891:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5834:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5807:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5765:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5738:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5708:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5666:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5609:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5584:"CSA – STS-74 – Daily Reports" 5541:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5445:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5418:Jim Dumoulin (June 29, 2001). 5294:Kim Dismukes (April 4, 2004). 5268:(Report). NASA. Archived from 5261:Sue McDonald (December 1998). 5233:The Story of the Space Shuttle 5175:Malik, Tarik (July 21, 2011). 5079:. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill. 4965:(Report). NASA. Archived from 4960:Phase One Program Joint Report 4931:Kim Dismukes (April 4, 2004). 4924: 4904:Kim Dismukes (April 4, 2004). 4897: 4807:The Story of Space Station Mir 4756: 4508: 3506:First Shuttle rendezvous with 3186:, Phase Two of the ISS program 3035:, brought Increment astronaut 2745:connectors from a 12-year-old 2568:Continuous US presence aboard 1617:in the 1970s about a "Shuttle– 686:National Reconnaissance Office 13: 1: 10584:International Launch Services 10554:Congress of Russian Americans 10498:Megatons to Megawatts Program 8443:HL-20 Personnel Launch System 8274:Cosmonaut ranks and positions 7938:(2020 documentary miniseries) 7709:Inflatable Antenna Experiment 6113:"Russia bids farewell to Mir" 6111:Boyle, Alan (23 March 2001). 5959:Harding, Pete (26 May 2015). 5321:Justin Ray (April 14, 2000). 4733: 3125:and replaced David Wolf with 2283:expeditions LD-4 and EO-15). 2201:New cooperation begins (1994) 2101:, taken from a 1969 plan for 1878:, were each flown in turn to 1826: 1755:, and Russian Prime Minister 1745:would board a Space Shuttle. 1557: 10594:U.S.–Russia Business Council 10169:Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission 9844:Space program on U.S. stamps 9769:Gemini and Apollo medallions 9719:Solar System Family Portrait 9495:Joint Polar Satellite System 9364:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 8618:Vision for Space Exploration 8588:Space Exploration Initiative 7935:Challenger: The Final Flight 7836:Space Shuttle design process 7678:Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit 7673:Extravehicular Mobility Unit 5202:Jim Wilson (March 5, 2006). 4765:. Retrieved 27 November 2020 4602: 4529:Safety and scientific return 3102:Phase One closes down (1998) 2519:by relocating the station's 2411:following the first Shuttle– 2370:carried expedition EO-18 to 2168:) 51.6-degree inclination – 1748:In September 1993, American 1505:Russian Federal Space Agency 908:Soviet crewed lunar programs 341:Robotic spaceflight programs 7: 10204:International Space Station 10120:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 9839:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame 9796:We choose to go to the Moon 9759:Apollo 11 goodwill messages 9317:International Space Station 9297:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 9036:Great Observatories program 8880:International Space Station 8858:Roscosmos State Corporation 8775:Science Mission Directorate 8721:Manned Space Flight Network 8338:International Space Station 7858:International Space Station 7642:Journalist in Space Project 7589:Orbiter Processing Facility 6390:Diary of Linenger Increment 6289:"9 The Third Manned Period" 6087:International Space Station 6083:"International Cooperation" 5998:International Space Station 5323:"Columbia Weight Loss Plan" 4723:List of heaviest spacecraft 4716: 4649:breakup of the Soviet Union 4642: 4542:solid-fuel oxygen generator 3197:International Space Station 3184:International Space Station 2612:International Space Station 2329:. Referred to as the "near- 2175: 1683:International Space Station 1593:The origins of the Shuttle– 1509:International Space Station 691:United States Space Command 541:Vandenberg Space Force Base 307:International Space Station 225:United States space program 10: 10709: 10673:Human spaceflight programs 10549:Center on Global Interests 10282:Operation Atlantic Resolve 9656:NASA cameras on spacecraft 9467:James Webb Space Telescope 9379:Solar Dynamics Observatory 8600:U.S. National Space Policy 8453:Manned Orbiting Laboratory 8319:human spaceflight programs 7976:Space Shuttle Mission 2007 7516:Approach and Landing Tests 7245:Orbital Maneuvering System 6119:. New York. Archived from 5935:"ISS Phases I, II and III" 5866:"Letters from the Outpost" 3194: 2919:Automated Transfer Vehicle 2832:performed a fly-around of 2053: 1934: 1667:post-Soviet economic chaos 1647:: the end of Cold War and 1118:Expendable launch vehicles 924:Human spaceflight programs 266:Human spaceflight programs 10644: 10516: 10475: 10412:Russian foreign agent law 10399: 10252:Pristina airport incident 10232:Norwegian rocket incident 10212: 10184:Moscow–Washington hotline 10108:Obama–Medvedev Commission 10068: 9973: 9887: 9787: 9664: 9579: 9524: 9487: 9286: 9096: 9083: 9013: 8927: 8917: 8872: 8798: 8787: 8731:Vehicle Assembly Building 8639: 8538: 8528: 8425: 8362: 8351: 8325: 8251: 8152: 8091: 8075: 8044: 7911:Columbia: The Tragic Loss 7828: 7810: 7732: 7696: 7688:Advanced Crew Escape Suit 7665: 7624: 7611:Shuttle Training Aircraft 7561: 7524: 7480: 7472:Shuttle Training Aircraft 7467:Shuttle Mission Simulator 7462:Rendezvous pitch maneuver 7420: 7370: 7352:Remote Controlled Orbiter 7347:Extended Duration Orbiter 7323: 7268: 7255:Thermal protection system 7217: 7194: 7068: 6987: 6976: 6912: 6832: 6802: 6771: 6726: 6696: 6685: 6648: 6557: 6486: 6475: 6449: 4651:a few years earlier, the 3274:Complete list of Shuttle– 2773:Fire and collision (1997) 2684:ended with the flight of 2635:. Lucid made use of both 2467:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 2461:successfully docked with 2205:Phase One of the Shuttle– 1599:Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 821:Sierra Nevada Corporation 765:Commercial space industry 681:United States Space Force 181: 176: 155: 143: 131: 126: 118: 97: 60: 55: 46: 42:Программа «Мир» — «Шаттл» 41: 10599:Stanford US–Russia Forum 10462:Task Force KleptoCapture 10373:Black Sea drone incident 10132:2017 St. Petersburg raid 10021:John Henry Hammond House 9802:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 9726:The Day the Earth Smiled 9061:Solar Terrestrial Probes 8520: 7719:Shuttle pallet satellite 7647:Teacher in Space Project 7599:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft 7579:Mobile Launcher Platform 7405:Shuttle Landing Facility 7260:Booster separation motor 6697:Russian/American modules 6287:Leland F. Belew (1977). 6201:Burrough, Bryan (1999). 5893:"STS-91 Mission Summary" 5836:"STS-89 Mission Summary" 5809:"STS-86 Mission Summary" 5767:"STS-84 Mission Summary" 5740:"STS-81 Mission Summary" 5710:"STS-79 Mission Summary" 5668:"STS-76 Mission Summary" 5611:"STS-74 Mission Summary" 5543:"STS-71 Mission Summary" 5447:"STS-63 Mission Summary" 5420:"STS-60 Mission Summary" 2928:Damaged solar arrays on 2781:A charred panel onboard 2444:, ready to be docked to 2301:undocking at the end of 2151:. As Space Shuttle 2070:Mobile Launcher Platform 1725:agreed to co-operate on 736:Office of Space Commerce 412:Solar System Exploration 10579:Russian Cultural Center 10407:Jackson–Vanik amendment 10152:Arctic Ocean Conference 9859:Other primates in space 9571:Deep Space Atomic Clock 9391:Mars Science Laboratory 9179:Spitzer Space Telescope 8768:Lunar Sample Laboratory 8711:Launch Services Program 8191:Martian Piloted Complex 8065:Russian Orbital Segment 7927:The Challenger Disaster 7250:Reaction control system 6850:List of Mir expeditions 5994:"ISS Facts and Figures" 5490:List of Mir expeditions 5123:: 23249. Archived from 5110:"Mir Hardware Heritage" 2415:docking during mission 2337:, as Russian cosmonaut 2234:international agreement 1779:docking missions, from 1643:This changed after the 675:National security space 519:Wallops Flight Facility 10683:Space Shuttle missions 10589:U.S. Russia Foundation 10363:Russian bounty program 10078:Operation Provide Hope 9874:National Astronaut Day 9817:The Astronaut Monument 9639:Space Shuttle missions 9339:Mars Exploration Rover 9322:Hubble Space Telescope 9231:Kepler space telescope 9031:Earth Observing System 9005:Mars Exploration Rover 8716:Mercury Control Center 8259:List of Soyuz missions 7395:Space Launch Complex 6 6855:List of Mir spacewalks 5937:. NASA. Archived from 5395:. NASA. Archived from 5298:. NASA. Archived from 4935:. NASA. Archived from 4908:. NASA. Archived from 4745:public domain material 4583:Various breakdowns of 4525: 3187: 3098: 3020: 2943: 2851: 2786: 2677: 2557: 2450: 2305: 2197: 2131:docked seven times to 2093:(NASA) as part of the 2076: 1960: 1928: 1839: 1708: 1590: 1322:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 836:United Launch Alliance 10534:NATO–Russia relations 10467:Executive Order 14071 10358:Arrest of Trevor Reed 10157:Ilulissat Declaration 9822:Lunar sample displays 9812:Space Mirror Memorial 9754:Voyager Golden Record 9646:United States rockets 8838: (with the 8746:Launch Control Center 7955:Space Shuttle Project 7942:Space Shuttle America 7853:Payload Assist Module 7510:(engine test article) 7188:Space Shuttle program 5510:Two Sides of the Moon 5263:Mir Mission Chronicle 4516: 4447:Dominic Pudwill Gorie 4118:Jean-François Clervoy 3236:Canadian Space Agency 3181: 3173:Eastern Daylight Time 3167:were also moved into 3084: 3007: 2927: 2842: 2780: 2649: 2619:Solid Rocket Boosters 2546: 2540:for return to Earth. 2473:delivered cosmonauts 2425: 2289: 2216:on its 18th mission, 2183: 2095:Space Shuttle program 2063: 2021:Space Station Freedom 1944: 1834: 1691: 1565: 1474:visiting the Russian 1367:Konstantin Feoktistov 1352:Alexander Kemurdzhian 556:Space launch vehicles 10137:2018 Helsinki summit 10093:2005 Slovakia Summit 10088:2001 Slovenia Summit 8840:Soviet space program 8758:Johnson Space Center 8726:Kennedy Space Center 8689:spinoff technologies 8448:Man in Space Soonest 7848:Inertial Upper Stage 7724:Wake Shield Facility 7704:Freestar experiments 7230:Solid Rocket Booster 6860:List of Mir visitors 5965:NASA Spaceflight.com 5399:on November 11, 2001 5302:on November 10, 2001 4939:on November 13, 2001 4912:on November 16, 2001 3686:docking | Delivered 3401:Wake Shield Facility 3201:With the landing of 3089:lands at the end of 2676:and Docking Modules. 2666:are visible, behind 2246:Wake Shield Facility 2108:Kennedy Space Center 2068:as it sits atop the 2064:An overhead view of 1357:Valentina Tereshkova 899:Soviet space program 512:Kennedy Space Center 462:NASA Astronaut Corps 163:Kennedy Space Center 10189:Shuttle–Mir program 9849:Apollo 17 Moon mice 9705:Pillars of Creation 9612:Space Shuttle crews 9090:(human and robotic) 9084:Individual featured 8667:Ranks and positions 8463:Orbital Space Plane 8390:Apollo Applications 7797:Space Launch System 7569:Crawler-transporter 7410:Abort landing sites 6772:Visiting spacecraft 6381:History of Shuttle– 5325:. Spaceflight Now. 5237:. Springer-Praxis. 5130:on 7 September 2009 5071:(January 1, 2001). 4465:Franklin Chang Díaz 3767:William S. McArthur 3384:Franklin Chang Díaz 3097:program to a close. 2940:Progress spacecraft 2819:Vibration Isolation 2382:and NASA astronaut 2309:America arrives at 1991:was based upon the 1902:and lessons in the 1757:Viktor Chernomyrdin 1372:Mikhail Tikhonravov 1085:Astron (spacecraft) 966:(lunar Soyuz 7K-L1) 651:Space Launch System 177:Vehicle information 38: 18:Shuttle-Mir program 10493:Mutual detargeting 10142:2021 Geneva summit 10083:1998 Moscow Summit 9651:NASA cancellations 9546:Deep Space Network 9536:Near Earth Network 9021:Living With a Star 8995:Project Prometheus 8975:Planetary Observer 7922:(2010 documentary) 7914:(2004 documentary) 7906:(1994 documentary) 7890:(1985 documentary) 7887:The Dream Is Alive 7882:(1982 documentary) 7584:NASA recovery ship 7574:Mate-Demate Device 6902:Human spaceflights 6318:Ben Evans (2007). 5864:(September 2001). 5508:(April 30, 2005). 5149:Launius, Roger D. 4546:Fire extinguishers 4526: 4259:Jean-Loup Chrétien 4226:Michael Bloomfield 3188: 3099: 3021: 2944: 2867:Aleksandr Lazutkin 2852: 2787: 2785:following the fire 2729:transferring onto 2678: 2558: 2451: 2306: 2232:began. Part of an 2198: 2077: 1961: 1840: 1817:Russian government 1713:American President 1709: 1659:Russian Federation 1591: 1572:second-generation 893:of articles on the 419:Planetary Observer 397:Planetary Missions 135:February 3, 1994 ( 32: 10658: 10657: 10422:Dima Yakovlev Law 10348:Battle of Khasham 9919: 9918: 9832:stolen or missing 9629:uncrewed missions 9607:Apollo astronauts 9602:Gemini astronauts 9520: 9519: 9304:2001 Mars Odyssey 9079: 9078: 8955:Mars Surveyor '98 8913: 8912: 8856: (with 8789:Human spaceflight 8783: 8782: 8741:Launch Complex 48 8736:Launch Complex 39 8488: 8487: 8282: 8281: 8143: 8130: 8118: 8061: 7999: 7998: 7683:Launch Entry Suit 7511: 7503: 7493: 7438: 7378:Launch Complex 39 7343: 7335: 7154: 7153: 6868: 6867: 6605: 6604: 6358:on March 12, 2005 6329:978-0-387-46355-1 5519:978-0-7434-5067-6 5244:978-1-85233-793-3 5086:978-0-07-137230-5 5027:978-1-84115-087-1 4818:978-0-387-23011-5 4506: 4505: 4379:Salizhan Sharipov 4192:26 September 1997 3885:16 September 1996 3553:Gennady Strekalov 3540:Vladimir Dezhurov 3344:Kenneth Reightler 3213:Laboratory Module 3119:Salizhan Sharipov 2942:in September 1997 2380:Gennady Strekalov 2376:Vladimir Dezhurov 2359:Five weeks after 2084:low Earth orbital 2007:cargo ships. The 1727:space exploration 1720:Russian president 1716:George H. W. Bush 1621:" program to fly 1460: 1459: 1387:Vladimir Chelomey 955: 884: 883: 796:Firefly Aerospace 781:Bigelow Aerospace 209: 208: 182:Crewed vehicle(s) 16:(Redirected from 10700: 10650: 10649: 10267:Illegals Program 10115:Syrian civil war 9974:Diplomatic posts 9968: 9967: 9958: 9957: 9946: 9939: 9932: 9923: 9922: 9907: 9906: 9895: 9894: 9733:Fallen Astronaut 9374:Van Allen Probes 9094: 9093: 9000:Mars Exploration 8925: 8924: 8796: 8795: 8564:Space Task Group 8536: 8535: 8515: 8508: 8501: 8492: 8491: 8357: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8286: 8285: 8240:Space Stations: 8180:Interplanetary: 8141: 8128: 8116: 8059: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8003: 8002: 7903:Destiny in Space 7509: 7501: 7491: 7447:Mission timeline 7432: 7341: 7333: 7204:List of missions 7181: 7174: 7167: 7158: 7157: 6982: 6981: 6895: 6888: 6881: 6872: 6871: 6727:Other subsystems 6691: 6690: 6632: 6625: 6618: 6609: 6608: 6481: 6480: 6432: 6425: 6418: 6409: 6408: 6402: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6315: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6274:The Sunday Times 6269: 6263: 6262: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6244: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6205:. Fourth Estate. 6198: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6183:on 12 March 2007 6179:. Archived from 6177:Orlando Sentinel 6168: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6039: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6009: 5989: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5946: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5858: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5789: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5690: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5590:on July 16, 2011 5580: 5574: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5512:. Pocket Books. 5498: 5492: 5487: 5478: 5477: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5389: 5354: 5353: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5274: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5236: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5204:"Shuttle Basics" 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5162: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5114: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5078: 5065: 5040: 5039: 5013: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4971: 4964: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4901: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4884: 4873: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4829: 4823: 4822: 4810: 4800: 4777: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4742: 4741: 4688:training manuals 4665:Toyohiro Akiyama 4633:Vasily Tsibliyev 4589: 4496: 4495: 4485: 4484: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4444: 4436:Charles Precourt 4434: 4433: 4425: 4395: 4394: 4388: 4387: 4377: 4376: 4366: 4365: 4357:Michael Anderson 4355: 4354: 4344: 4343: 4333: 4332: 4324:Terrence Wilcutt 4322: 4321: 4313: 4279: 4278: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4256: 4248:Scott Parazynski 4246: 4245: 4235: 4234: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4212: 4204: 4177:C. Michael Foale 4174: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4158:Yelena Kondakova 4156: 4155: 4145: 4144: 4134: 4133: 4127: 4126: 4116: 4115: 4105: 4104: 4096:Charles Precourt 4094: 4093: 4085: 4055: 4054: 4044: 4043: 4033: 4032: 4022: 4021: 4011: 4010: 4000: 3999: 3991: 3961: 3960: 3950: 3949: 3939: 3938: 3928: 3927: 3919:Terrence Wilcutt 3917: 3916: 3906: 3905: 3897: 3867: 3866: 3856: 3855: 3847:Michael Clifford 3845: 3844: 3834: 3833: 3825:Richard Searfoss 3823: 3822: 3812: 3811: 3803: 3765: 3764: 3754: 3753: 3743: 3742: 3732: 3731: 3721: 3720: 3712: 3700:12 November 1995 3674: 3673: 3664:Anatoly Solovyev 3661: 3660: 3650: 3649: 3641:Gregory Harbaugh 3639: 3638: 3628: 3627: 3619:Charles Precourt 3617: 3616: 3606: 3605: 3597: 3563: 3562: 3550: 3549: 3537: 3536: 3528: 3500: 3499: 3489: 3488: 3480:C. Michael Foale 3478: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3460: 3459: 3449: 3448: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3393: 3392: 3382: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3364: 3363: 3353: 3352: 3342: 3341: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3282: 3281: 3268: 3234:, NASA, and the 3064: 3052: 3039:to the station. 3018: 2996: 2987:Pavel Vinogradov 2980:Anatoly Solovyev 2977: 2959: 2934: 2876:attitude control 2860:Vasili Tsibliyev 2751:material science 2743:electrical power 2738:communications. 2702: 2680:Her stay aboard 2672: 2609: 2598: 2531: 2514: 2475:Anatoly Solovyev 2439: 2433:, positioned in 2388:Soyuz spacecraft 2365: 2347: 2341:and the rest of 2300: 2273:Viktor Afanasyev 2254: 2163: 2001:Soyuz spacecraft 1976: 1968:research station 1904:Russian language 1892:Soyuz spacecraft 1741:and two Russian 1588: 1580:Soyuz spacecraft 1542:using a Russian 1485:Soyuz spacecraft 1452: 1445: 1438: 1382:Valentin Glushko 1332:Mstislav Keldysh 1327:Friedrich Zander 1065:Lunokhod program 953: 886: 885: 876: 869: 862: 816:Northrop Grumman 382:Mars Exploration 255:U.S. Space Force 241: 236: 227: 211: 210: 87: 85: 84: 74: 72: 71: 56:Program overview 51: 39: 31: 21: 10708: 10707: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10663: 10662: 10659: 10654: 10640: 10629:Second Cold War 10512: 10471: 10427:Guantanamo List 10395: 10336:Havana syndrome 10262:RM Broadcasting 10208: 10199:Exercise RIMPAC 10064: 10038:Lothrop Mansion 10033:Elmcroft Estate 9969: 9962: 9952: 9950: 9920: 9915: 9883: 9783: 9774:Mission patches 9749:Pioneer plaques 9712:Mystic Mountain 9689:Family Portrait 9682:The Blue Marble 9666: 9660: 9634:Apollo missions 9575: 9527: 9516: 9483: 9288: 9282: 9119:Mercury-Atlas 6 9089: 9085: 9075: 9009: 8945:Mariner Mark II 8909: 8890:Commercial Crew 8868: 8791: 8779: 8763:Mission Control 8662:Astronaut Corps 8657:Chief Scientist 8635: 8540: 8524: 8519: 8489: 8484: 8468:Orion (nuclear) 8421: 8358: 8349: 8343:Commercial Crew 8321: 8313: 8283: 8278: 8247: 8223:Tupolev Tu-2000 8148: 8087: 8071: 8040: 8030: 8000: 7995: 7841:studied designs 7824: 7806: 7767:Shuttle-Centaur 7728: 7692: 7661: 7637:Getaway Special 7620: 7557: 7520: 7476: 7422: 7416: 7366: 7319: 7264: 7213: 7190: 7185: 7155: 7150: 7064: 6983: 6974: 6908: 6899: 6869: 6864: 6828: 6798: 6767: 6722: 6692: 6688: 6683: 6644: 6636: 6606: 6601: 6553: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6445: 6436: 6400: 6377: 6372: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6330: 6316: 6312: 6302: 6300: 6285: 6281: 6270: 6266: 6259:Washington Post 6255: 6251: 6242: 6240: 6229: 6225: 6214: 6210: 6199: 6195: 6186: 6184: 6169: 6165: 6156: 6154: 6139: 6135: 6126: 6124: 6123:on 15 June 2015 6109: 6105: 6096: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6066: 6064: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6037: 6035: 6028:Spaceflight Now 6020: 6016: 6007: 6005: 5990: 5983: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5953: 5944: 5942: 5931: 5927: 5920:Washington Post 5916: 5912: 5902: 5900: 5889: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5805: 5801: 5794:Washington Post 5790: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5736: 5729: 5719: 5717: 5706: 5702: 5695:Washington Post 5691: 5687: 5677: 5675: 5664: 5660: 5653:Washington Post 5649: 5645: 5638:Washington Post 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5539: 5535: 5520: 5499: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5474:Washington Post 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5443: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5416: 5412: 5402: 5400: 5391: 5390: 5357: 5350:Washington Post 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5275:on May 31, 2010 5272: 5265: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5173: 5169: 5160: 5158: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5127: 5112: 5106: 5102: 5087: 5069:Linenger, Jerry 5066: 5043: 5028: 5014: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4956: 4952: 4942: 4940: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4902: 4898: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4871: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4801: 4780: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4739: 4736: 4719: 4667:, flown aboard 4653:Russian economy 4645: 4605: 4587: 4531: 4511: 4490: 4479: 4468: 4457: 4450: 4439: 4428: 4389: 4382: 4371: 4360: 4349: 4346:James F. Reilly 4338: 4327: 4316: 4301:31 January 1998 4273: 4262: 4251: 4240: 4229: 4218: 4215:James Wetherbee 4207: 4168: 4161: 4150: 4139: 4128: 4121: 4110: 4099: 4088: 4049: 4038: 4027: 4016: 4005: 3994: 3979:12 January 1997 3955: 3944: 3933: 3922: 3911: 3900: 3861: 3850: 3839: 3828: 3817: 3806: 3759: 3748: 3737: 3726: 3723:Kenneth Cameron 3715: 3677:Nikolai Budarin 3668: 3655: 3644: 3633: 3622: 3611: 3600: 3557: 3544: 3531: 3494: 3483: 3472: 3465: 3454: 3443: 3440:James Wetherbee 3432: 3417:3 February 1995 3395:Sergei Krikalev 3387: 3376: 3369: 3358: 3347: 3336: 3325: 3310:3 February 1994 3280: 3266: 3245:and flights to 3199: 3193: 3148:in March 1995. 3104: 3062: 3050: 3016: 2994: 2984:flight engineer 2975: 2957: 2932: 2891:Elena Kondakova 2775: 2708:superconductors 2700: 2670: 2607: 2596: 2566: 2529: 2512: 2479:Nikolai Budarin 2440:payload bay on 2437: 2363: 2345: 2315: 2298: 2269:Valeri Polyakov 2252: 2242:Getaway Special 2226:Sergei Krikalev 2203: 2188:program begins— 2178: 2164:(and later the 2161: 2058: 2052: 1974: 1939: 1933: 1829: 1729:by signing the 1634:Buran programme 1586: 1560: 1544:Orlan spacesuit 1503:(NASA) and the 1456: 1427: 1426: 1417: 1407: 1406: 1317: 1316:Notable figures 1309: 1308: 1120: 1110: 1109: 1080:Marsnik program 1020:Sputnik program 1015: 1005: 1004: 926: 880: 851: 850: 841:Virgin Galactic 801:Lockheed Martin 766: 758: 757: 704: 696: 695: 676: 668: 667: 558: 548: 547: 497: 489: 488: 464: 454: 453: 372:Lunar Precursor 362:Large Strategic 342: 334: 333: 312:Commercial Crew 267: 259: 223: 205: 172: 127:Program history 114: 93: 82: 80: 69: 67: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10656: 10655: 10645: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10631: 10626: 10624:New Great Game 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10520: 10518: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10403: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10344: 10343: 10333: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10302:Steele dossier 10299: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10274: 10272:Stephen Holmes 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10218: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10160: 10159: 10149: 10147:Arctic Council 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10074: 10072: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10062: 10057: 10056: 10055: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10024: 10023: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9970: 9949: 9948: 9941: 9934: 9926: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9913: 9901: 9888: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9869:Astronauts Day 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9835: 9834: 9829: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9791: 9789: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9729: 9722: 9715: 9708: 9701: 9700: 9699: 9685: 9678: 9670: 9668: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9621: 9616: 9615: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9583: 9581: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9573: 9568: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9543: 9538: 9532: 9530: 9528:and navigation 9526:Communications 9522: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9514: 9509: 9506:Europa Clipper 9502: 9497: 9491: 9489: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9475: 9474: 9464: 9463: 9462: 9457: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9412: 9405: 9400: 9399: 9398: 9388: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9355: 9354: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9292: 9290: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9265: 9258: 9253: 9252: 9251: 9246: 9233: 9228: 9221: 9214: 9209: 9202: 9197: 9189: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9155: 9154: 9142: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9100: 9098: 9091: 9081: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9017: 9015: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8960:New Millennium 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8922: 8915: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8869: 8867: 8866: 8861: 8848: 8843: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8802: 8800: 8793: 8785: 8784: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8755: 8754: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8681: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8643: 8641: 8637: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8627: 8621: 8615: 8609: 8603: 8597: 8591: 8585: 8579: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8548: 8546: 8533: 8526: 8525: 8518: 8517: 8510: 8503: 8495: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8429: 8427: 8423: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8417: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8397: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8366: 8364: 8360: 8359: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8323: 8322: 8312: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8289: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8237: 8225: 8193: 8177: 8156: 8154: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8131: 8123: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8095: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8079: 8077: 8076:In development 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8067: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8029: 8028: 8021: 8014: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7986: 7979: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7951: 7944: 7939: 7931: 7923: 7915: 7907: 7899: 7891: 7883: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7844: 7843: 7832: 7830: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7822: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7742:Saturn-Shuttle 7738: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7700: 7698: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7565: 7563: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7542: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7518: 7513: 7505: 7495: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7477: 7475: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7426: 7424: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7407: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7374: 7372: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7336: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7310: 7303: 7296: 7289: 7282: 7274: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7184: 7183: 7176: 7169: 7161: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6898: 6897: 6890: 6883: 6875: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6819:Deorbit of Mir 6816: 6806: 6804: 6803:Other articles 6800: 6799: 6797: 6796: 6791: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6752: 6747: 6739: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6713: 6711:Docking module 6708: 6700: 6698: 6694: 6693: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6681: 6674: 6666: 6658: 6652: 6650: 6649:Soviet modules 6646: 6645: 6638:Components of 6635: 6634: 6627: 6620: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6563: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6459: 6453: 6451: 6447: 6446: 6435: 6434: 6427: 6420: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6393: 6387: 6376: 6375:External links 6373: 6370: 6369: 6343: 6328: 6310: 6279: 6264: 6249: 6223: 6218:New York Times 6208: 6193: 6163: 6133: 6103: 6073: 6059:. 2018-12-21. 6044: 6014: 5981: 5951: 5925: 5910: 5883: 5862:Thomas, Andrew 5853: 5826: 5799: 5784: 5757: 5727: 5700: 5685: 5658: 5643: 5628: 5601: 5575: 5560: 5533: 5518: 5506:Leonov, Alexei 5493: 5479: 5464: 5437: 5410: 5355: 5340: 5313: 5286: 5250: 5243: 5221: 5194: 5167: 5141: 5100: 5085: 5041: 5026: 4983: 4950: 4923: 4896: 4855: 4824: 4817: 4778: 4767: 4754: 4753: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4715: 4644: 4641: 4628:Jerry Linenger 4604: 4601: 4572:Blaine Hammond 4530: 4527: 4519:Jerry Linenger 4510: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4476:Wendy Lawrence 4426: 4419: 4414: 4411: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4270:Wendy Lawrence 4237:Vladimir Titov 4205: 4198: 4193: 4190: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4136:Carlos Noriega 4107:Eileen Collins 4086: 4079: 4074: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4058:Jerry Linenger 4035:John Grunsfeld 3992: 3985: 3980: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3908:William Readdy 3898: 3891: 3886: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3776:Docking Module 3771:Delivered the 3769: 3745:Chris Hadfield 3713: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3682:First Shuttle– 3680: 3598: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3569: 3566:Norman Thagard 3529: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3504: 3502:Vladimir Titov 3462:Bernard Harris 3451:Eileen Collins 3430: 3423: 3418: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3407:single module 3403:| Carried the 3397: 3333:Charles Bolden 3323: 3316: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3279: 3272: 3195:Main article: 3192: 3189: 3134:Earth sciences 3108:Space Shuttle 3103: 3100: 3085:Space Shuttle 3072:Wendy Lawrence 3056:Docking Module 2978:new commander 2795:Jerry Linenger 2774: 2771: 2650:Space Shuttle 2565: 2559: 2553:module during 2502:Docking Module 2431:Docking Module 2406:Space Shuttle 2400:and docked to 2384:Norman Thagard 2339:Vladimir Titov 2327:Eileen Collins 2314: 2307: 2211:Space Shuttle 2202: 2199: 2177: 2174: 2054:Main article: 2051: 2048: 1951:Space Shuttle 1935:Main article: 1932: 1927: 1864:Jerry Linenger 1852:Norman Thagard 1828: 1825: 1750:Vice-President 1711:In June 1992, 1625:missions to a 1605:period of the 1559: 1556: 1497:space agencies 1472:Space Shuttles 1458: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1377:Mikhail Yangel 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1337:Sergei Korolev 1334: 1329: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1173: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1132: 1127: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1075:Phobos program 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 993: 984: 979: 973: 972:(Moon landing) 967: 961: 956: 948: 943: 938: 933: 927: 922: 921: 918: 917: 916: 915: 910: 902: 901: 895: 894: 882: 881: 879: 878: 871: 864: 856: 853: 852: 849: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 776:Ball Aerospace 773: 767: 764: 763: 760: 759: 756: 755: 750: 745: 744: 743: 738: 733: 723: 722: 721: 711: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697: 694: 693: 688: 683: 677: 674: 673: 670: 669: 666: 665: 663:Vulcan Centaur 660: 653: 648: 643: 638: 631: 630: 629: 624: 619: 614: 607: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 559: 554: 553: 550: 549: 546: 545: 544: 543: 533: 528: 527: 526: 516: 515: 514: 509: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 481: 476: 471: 465: 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 415: 414: 409: 404: 394: 389: 387:New Millennium 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 326: 321: 316: 315: 314: 304: 303: 302: 289: 284: 279: 274: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 258: 257: 252: 246: 243: 242: 229: 228: 220: 219: 207: 206: 204: 203: 198: 191: 185: 183: 179: 178: 174: 173: 171: 170: 165: 159: 157: 156:Launch site(s) 153: 152: 147:June 2, 1998 ( 145: 141: 140: 133: 129: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 113: 112: 107: 101: 99: 95: 94: 92: 91: 78: 64: 62: 58: 57: 53: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10705: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10688:NASA programs 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10661: 10653: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10519: 10515: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10474: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10417:Magnitsky Act 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10390: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10117: 10116: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10104: 10103:Russian reset 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10073: 10071: 10067: 10061: 10058: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10043:Pioneer Point 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9978: 9976: 9972: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9947: 9942: 9940: 9935: 9933: 9928: 9927: 9924: 9912: 9911: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9890: 9889: 9886: 9880: 9879:Nikon NASA F4 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9764:NASA insignia 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9744:Lunar plaques 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9728: 9727: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9716: 9714: 9713: 9709: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9697: 9696:Pale Blue Dot 9693: 9692: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9684: 9683: 9679: 9677: 9676: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9663: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9626: 9625: 9624:NASA missions 9622: 9620: 9619:NASA aircraft 9617: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9569: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9541:Space Network 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9523: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9507: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9490: 9486: 9480: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9468: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9417: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9329: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9308: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9291: 9285: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9266: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9238: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9174:Space Shuttle 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9136: 9134: 9133: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9082: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9056:New Frontiers 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9012: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8965:Lunar Orbiter 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8920: 8916: 8906: 8905:Lunar Gateway 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8875: 8871: 8865: 8864:Constellation 8862: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8849: 8847: 8846:Space Shuttle 8844: 8841: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8797: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8776: 8773: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8759: 8756: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8685: 8684:NASA research 8682: 8680: 8677: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8644: 8642: 8638: 8631: 8628: 8625: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8610: 8607: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8595: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8583: 8580: 8577: 8574: 8571: 8568: 8565: 8562: 8559: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8516: 8511: 8509: 8504: 8502: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8481: 8480: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8433:Constellation 8431: 8430: 8428: 8424: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8409: 8408: 8407:Space Shuttle 8405: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8361: 8356: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8317: 8316:United States 8310: 8305: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8197: 8196:Spaceplanes: 8194: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8164: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8090: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8074: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8043: 8038: 8034: 8027: 8022: 8020: 8015: 8013: 8008: 8007: 8004: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7978: 7977: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7879:Hail Columbia 7876: 7874: 7873:Conroy Virtus 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7731: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7632:Deutschland-1 7630: 7629: 7627: 7623: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7549: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7536: 7534: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7436: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7419: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7400:Landing sites 7398: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7340: 7337: 7332: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7235:External tank 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7216: 7210: 7209:List of crews 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7199:Space Shuttle 7197: 7196: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7175: 7170: 7168: 7163: 7162: 7159: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6891: 6889: 6884: 6882: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833:Related lists 6831: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6794:Space Shuttle 6792: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6633: 6628: 6626: 6621: 6619: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6556: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6458: 6457:Space Shuttle 6455: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6442: 6433: 6428: 6426: 6421: 6419: 6414: 6413: 6410: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6391: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6325: 6321: 6314: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6283: 6275: 6268: 6260: 6253: 6238: 6235:. USA Today. 6234: 6227: 6219: 6212: 6204: 6197: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6167: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6062: 6058: 6057:SpaceNews.com 6054: 6048: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5988: 5986: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5955: 5941:on 2007-12-14 5940: 5936: 5929: 5921: 5914: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5788: 5772: 5768: 5761: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5732: 5715: 5711: 5704: 5696: 5689: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5654: 5647: 5639: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5594:September 17, 5589: 5585: 5579: 5571: 5564: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5486: 5484: 5475: 5468: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5351: 5344: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5301: 5297: 5290: 5271: 5264: 5257: 5255: 5246: 5240: 5235: 5234: 5225: 5214:September 21, 5209: 5205: 5198: 5182: 5179:. Space.com. 5178: 5171: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4972:on 2004-11-17 4968: 4961: 4954: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4911: 4907: 4900: 4881: 4877: 4870: 4868: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4820: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4707:Russian Mafia 4704: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4636: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4564: 4562: 4561: 4554: 4552: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4536: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4501: 4499: 4498:Valery Ryumin 4494: 4488: 4487:Janet Kavandi 4483: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4398:Andrew Thomas 4393: 4386: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4368:Bonnie Dunbar 4364: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4331: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4255: 4249: 4244: 4238: 4233: 4227: 4222: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4172: 4165: 4159: 4154: 4148: 4143: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4119: 4114: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4084: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4031: 4025: 4020: 4014: 4009: 4003: 4002:Michael Baker 3998: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3948: 3942: 3937: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3870:Shannon Lucid 3865: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3832: 3826: 3821: 3815: 3814:Kevin Chilton 3810: 3805: 3802: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791:22 March 1996 3790: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3734:James Halsell 3730: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3652:Bonnie Dunbar 3648: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3626: 3620: 3615: 3609: 3608:Robert Gibson 3604: 3599: 3596: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3541: 3535: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3521: 3519:14 March 1995 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3487: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3463: 3458: 3452: 3447: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3367: 3362: 3356: 3351: 3345: 3340: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3220: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3185: 3180: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025:Daniel Goldin 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2993: 2988: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2950: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2887:Michael Foale 2884: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2779: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2755:fluid science 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2736:amateur radio 2732: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2582:Shannon Lucid 2579: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2399: 2398:Proton rocket 2395: 2394: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2312: 2304: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2208: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2075: 2072:(MLP) before 2071: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2056:Space Shuttle 2050:Space Shuttle 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Andrew Thomas 1873: 1869: 1868:Michael Foale 1865: 1861: 1857: 1856:Shannon Lucid 1853: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1833: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1723:Boris Yeltsin 1721: 1717: 1714: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1693:Space Shuttle 1690: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630:space station 1629: 1624: 1623:Space Shuttle 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1576:space station 1575: 1569: 1564: 1555: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1477: 1476:space station 1473: 1469: 1467: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1402:Boris Chertok 1400: 1398: 1397:Vasily Mishin 1395: 1393: 1392:Kerim Kerimov 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1362:Alexei Leonov 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1312: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1001: 997: 994: 992: 988: 985: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 960: 957: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 928: 925: 920: 919: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 904: 903: 900: 897: 896: 892: 888: 887: 877: 872: 870: 865: 863: 858: 857: 855: 854: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 768: 762: 761: 754: 751: 749: 746: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 728: 727: 724: 720: 717: 716: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 700: 699: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 672: 671: 664: 661: 659: 658: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 636: 632: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 612: 608: 606: 603: 602: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 565: 561: 560: 557: 552: 551: 542: 539: 538: 537: 536:Western Range 534: 532: 529: 525: 522: 521: 520: 517: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 503: 502:Eastern Range 500: 499: 493: 492: 485: 484:Space Shuttle 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 466: 463: 458: 457: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 413: 410: 408: 407:New Frontiers 405: 403: 400: 399: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 367:Lunar Orbiter 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 344: 338: 337: 330: 329:Lunar Gateway 327: 325: 322: 320: 319:Constellation 317: 313: 310: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 295: 294: 293: 292:Space Shuttle 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 269: 263: 262: 256: 253: 251: 248: 247: 245: 244: 240: 235: 231: 230: 226: 222: 221: 217: 213: 212: 202: 199: 197: 196: 192: 190: 189:Space Shuttle 187: 186: 184: 180: 175: 169: 166: 164: 161: 160: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 125: 121: 117: 111: 108: 106: 103: 102: 100: 96: 90: 89:United States 79: 77: 66: 65: 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 40: 36: 30: 19: 10660: 10635:Not One Inch 10633: 10388: 10307:Maria Butina 10188: 9909: 9897: 9731: 9724: 9718: 9710: 9703: 9694: 9687: 9680: 9673: 9504: 9453:Perseverance 9452: 9414: 9407: 9384: 9344: 9327: 9311:New Horizons 9309: 9302: 9295: 9268: 9260: 9236: 9224: 9217: 9204: 9192: 9184: 9145: 9137: 9130: 9123: 8852: 8850: 8836:Apollo–Soyuz 8478: 8413: 8411: 8400:Apollo–Soyuz 8239: 8227: 8195: 8179: 8163:Zond (7K-L1) 8159: 8138: 8126:Apollo–Soyuz 7988: 7982: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7953: 7946: 7933: 7925: 7917: 7909: 7901: 7893: 7885: 7877: 7819:Independence 7818: 7651: 7545: 7532: 7498: 7488: 7423:and training 7313: 7306: 7299: 7292: 7285: 7278: 6811: 6755: 6742: 6734: 6715: 6703: 6676: 6669: 6661: 6639: 6461: 6440: 6438: 6397: 6382: 6360:. Retrieved 6356:the original 6346: 6319: 6313: 6301:. Retrieved 6292: 6282: 6273: 6267: 6258: 6252: 6241:. Retrieved 6226: 6217: 6211: 6202: 6196: 6185:. Retrieved 6181:the original 6176: 6166: 6155:. Retrieved 6146: 6136: 6125:. Retrieved 6121:the original 6116: 6106: 6095:. Retrieved 6086: 6076: 6065:. Retrieved 6056: 6047: 6036:. Retrieved 6027: 6017: 6006:. Retrieved 5997: 5973:. Retrieved 5964: 5954: 5943:. Retrieved 5939:the original 5928: 5919: 5913: 5901:. Retrieved 5886: 5874:. Retrieved 5856: 5844:. Retrieved 5829: 5817:. Retrieved 5802: 5793: 5787: 5775:. Retrieved 5760: 5748:. Retrieved 5718:. Retrieved 5703: 5694: 5688: 5676:. Retrieved 5661: 5652: 5646: 5637: 5631: 5619:. Retrieved 5604: 5592:. Retrieved 5588:the original 5578: 5569: 5563: 5551:. Retrieved 5536: 5509: 5502:Scott, David 5496: 5473: 5467: 5455:. Retrieved 5440: 5428:. Retrieved 5413: 5401:. Retrieved 5397:the original 5349: 5343: 5331:. Retrieved 5316: 5304:. Retrieved 5300:the original 5289: 5277:. Retrieved 5270:the original 5232: 5224: 5212:. Retrieved 5197: 5185:. Retrieved 5170: 5159:. Retrieved 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5125:the original 5120: 5116: 5103: 5074: 5017: 4974:. Retrieved 4967:the original 4953: 4941:. Retrieved 4937:the original 4926: 4914:. Retrieved 4910:the original 4899: 4887:. Retrieved 4866: 4858: 4846:. Retrieved 4837: 4827: 4806: 4770: 4758: 4737: 4710: 4698: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4668: 4646: 4637: 4625: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4595: 4593: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4539: 4534: 4532: 4522: 4416: 4396: 4304: 4280: 4195: 4175: 4076: 4056: 4046:Marsha Ivins 4024:Peter Wisoff 3982: 3962: 3941:Thomas Akers 3888: 3868: 3858:Linda Godwin 3794: 3779: 3773: 3703: 3683: 3675: 3662: 3588: 3585:27 June 1995 3564: 3551: 3538: 3507: 3420: 3355:N. Jan Davis 3313: 3275: 3263: 3262: 3253: 3251: 3240: 3229: 3227:spacecraft. 3224: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3203: 3200: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3122: 3109: 3105: 3094: 3086: 3075: 3067: 3059: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3028: 3022: 3013: 3009: 2998: 2991: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2961: 2954: 2947: 2945: 2935: 2929: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2882: 2880: 2864: 2853: 2844: 2833: 2829: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2782: 2762: 2759:life science 2740: 2730: 2724: 2719: 2715: 2697: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2604: 2593: 2585: 2573: 2569: 2567: 2561: 2548: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2491: 2482: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2452: 2445: 2434: 2428: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2391: 2371: 2360: 2358: 2349: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2318: 2316: 2310: 2295: 2291: 2280: 2277:Yury Usachev 2264: 2256: 2249: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2192:launches on 2189: 2185: 2184:The Shuttle– 2169: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2135:, with 2132: 2127: 2122: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2098: 2078: 2065: 2027: 2025: 2012: 1997:Soviet Union 1988: 1987: 1982: 1981:and Shuttle– 1971: 1963: 1962: 1952: 1946: 1945:The view of 1929: 1922: 1914: 1912: 1899: 1887: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1820: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1792: 1776: 1768: 1766: 1761: 1747: 1738: 1730: 1710: 1701: 1696: 1678: 1674: 1663:Soviet Union 1653: 1642: 1637: 1627: 1618: 1594: 1592: 1583: 1573: 1567: 1550: 1548: 1529: 1524: 1512: 1493: 1488: 1478: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1347:Yuri Gagarin 1250:Soyuz/Vostok 1105:Vega program 1070:Mars program 1060:Zond program 1055:Luna program 1013:Space probes 978:(Mars flyby) 951:Apollo–Soyuz 913:Luna program 846:Virgin Orbit 655: 633: 610: 590:Falcon Heavy 563: 298: 193: 132:First flight 98:Organization 34: 29: 10400:Legislation 10053:Killenworth 10006:Spaso House 9739:Deep fields 9667:and artwork 9665:NASA images 9237:Opportunity 8706:NASA Social 8532:and history 8139:Shuttle-Mir 7930:(2013 film) 7898:(1990 film) 7734:Derivatives 7697:Experiments 7666:Space suits 7652:Shuttle-Mir 7502:(simulator) 7489:Inspiration 7457:Abort modes 7240:Main engine 7146:Soyuz TM-30 7141:Soyuz TM-29 7136:Soyuz TM-28 7126:Soyuz TM-27 7111:Soyuz TM-26 7101:Soyuz TM-25 7086:Soyuz TM-24 7076:Soyuz TM-23 7055:Soyuz TM-22 7045:Soyuz TM-21 7035:Soyuz TM-20 7030:Soyuz TM-19 7025:Soyuz TM-18 7020:Soyuz TM-17 7015:Soyuz TM-16 7010:Soyuz TM-15 7005:Soyuz TM-14 7000:Soyuz TM-13 6995:Soyuz TM-12 6970:Soyuz TM-11 6965:Soyuz TM-10 6656:Core module 6504:Soyuz TM-21 5333:October 29, 4889:November 3, 4509:Controversy 4413:2 June 1998 4335:Joe Edwards 4073:15 May 1997 3836:Ronald Sega 3630:Ellen Baker 3515:Soyuz TM-21 3491:Janice Voss 3366:Ronald Sega 3288:Launch Date 3127:Andy Thomas 2901:on mission 2747:solar power 2576:on mission 2368:Soyuz TM-21 2036:metric tons 1979:Intercosmos 1753:Al Gore Jr. 1615:Intercosmos 1566:A "Shuttle– 1532:spaceflight 786:Blue Origin 703:Civil space 641:New Shepard 595:LauncherOne 144:Last flight 10667:Categories 10341:Zersetzung 10098:5+2 format 9827:Moon rocks 9587:Astronauts 9580:NASA lists 9437:OSIRIS-REx 9271:helicopter 9139:Pioneer 11 9132:Pioneer 10 8935:Hitchhiker 8810:suborbital 8647:Space Race 8228:Capsules: 7895:Challenger 7868:Retirement 7657:Hitchhiker 7533:Challenger 7499:Pathfinder 7421:Operations 7293:Challenger 7279:Enterprise 7218:Components 6960:Soyuz TM-9 6955:Soyuz TM-8 6950:Soyuz TM-7 6945:Soyuz TM-6 6940:Soyuz TM-5 6935:Soyuz TM-4 6930:Soyuz TM-3 6925:Soyuz TM-2 6920:Soyuz T-15 6788:VBK-Raduga 6758:satellites 6559:Increments 6450:Spacecraft 6338:0387463550 6243:2017-08-22 6187:2009-09-17 6157:2015-06-13 6127:2015-06-13 6097:2015-06-13 6067:2019-03-26 6038:2015-06-14 6008:2015-06-13 5975:2015-06-13 5945:2007-06-27 5528:0743450671 5161:2019-08-15 5095:007137230X 5036:1841150878 4734:References 4661:TV station 4647:Since the 4517:Astronaut 4282:David Wolf 4013:Brent Jett 3964:John Blaha 3756:Jerry Ross 3258:Tiangong-1 3037:David Wolf 3008:A view of 2727:John Blaha 2704:fuel cells 2654:docked to 2294:following 2290:A view of 2230:Space Race 2087:spacecraft 2044:short tons 2032:spacecraft 1896:spacewalks 1872:David Wolf 1860:John Blaha 1827:Increments 1743:cosmonauts 1700:docked to 1649:Space Race 1582:docked to 1558:Background 1536:spacecraft 1415:Cosmonauts 811:Rocket Lab 496:Spaceports 10544:Bush legs 10508:New START 10488:START III 10214:Incidents 10070:Diplomacy 9854:Moon tree 9675:Earthrise 9550:Goldstone 9447:Mars 2020 9416:Voyager 2 9409:Voyager 1 9345:Curiosity 9289:operating 9287:Currently 9269:Ingenuity 9206:MESSENGER 9185:Sojourner 9114:Mercury 3 9104:Apollo 11 9051:Discovery 9041:Explorers 8630:Augustine 8594:Augustine 8438:Dyna-Soar 8363:Completed 8153:Cancelled 7863:Criticism 7762:Shuttle-C 7525:Disasters 7452:Rollbacks 7314:Endeavour 7300:Discovery 7069:1996–2000 6988:1991–1995 6913:1986–1990 6814:programme 6203:Dragonfly 6147:Space.com 5903:March 30, 5876:April 15, 5846:March 30, 5819:March 30, 5777:March 30, 5750:March 30, 5720:March 30, 5678:March 30, 5621:March 30, 5570:The Times 5553:March 30, 5457:March 30, 5430:March 30, 5403:March 30, 5306:March 30, 5279:March 30, 5134:March 30, 4976:March 30, 4943:April 12, 4916:April 12, 4838:Space.com 4711:Nightline 4699:Nightline 4692:Star City 4603:Attitudes 4417:Discovery 4305:Endeavour 4147:Edward Lu 3952:Carl Walz 3688:Mir EO-19 3573:Mir-EO-18 3421:Discovery 3314:Discovery 3232:Roscosmos 3204:Discovery 3169:Discovery 3155:mission, 3110:Endeavour 3087:Discovery 2712:cartilage 2601:spacewalk 2469:in 1975. 2361:Discovery 2343:Discovery 2319:Discovery 2257:Discovery 2250:Discovery 2222:cosmonaut 2213:Discovery 2190:Discovery 2144:Endeavour 2141:and 2138:Discovery 2040:long tons 1953:Discovery 1880:Star City 1735:astronaut 1589:aft port. 1578:, with a 1540:spacewalk 1527:program. 1499:, the US 1130:Molniya-M 1125:Kosmos-3M 635:New Glenn 402:Discovery 352:Explorers 122:Completed 10652:Category 10483:START II 10476:Treaties 10391:incident 9898:Category 9560:Canberra 9472:timeline 9460:timeline 9396:timeline 9352:timeline 9249:observed 9244:timeline 9212:Aquarius 9152:timeline 9125:Magellan 9087:missions 8985:Surveyor 8921:programs 8851:Shuttle– 8792:programs 8624:Aldridge 8543:creation 8426:Canceled 8412:Shuttle- 8142:(joint) 8129:(joint) 8060:(joint) 7811:Replicas 7548:disaster 7546:Columbia 7535:disaster 7492:(design) 7435:canceled 7430:Missions 7357:Spacehab 7339:Canadarm 7331:Spacelab 7307:Atlantis 7286:Columbia 7270:Orbiters 6810:Shuttle- 6784:Progress 6678:Kristall 6582:Linenger 6487:Missions 6439:Shuttle– 6396:Shuttle– 6362:April 5, 6303:April 6, 6297:Archived 6295:. NASA. 6237:Archived 6151:Archived 6117:NBC News 6091:Archived 6089:. NASA. 6061:Archived 6032:Archived 6002:Archived 6000:. NASA. 5969:Archived 5897:Archived 5895:. NASA. 5870:Archived 5868:. NASA. 5840:Archived 5838:. NASA. 5813:Archived 5811:. NASA. 5771:Archived 5769:. NASA. 5744:Archived 5742:. NASA. 5714:Archived 5712:. NASA. 5672:Archived 5670:. NASA. 5615:Archived 5613:. NASA. 5547:Archived 5545:. NASA. 5451:Archived 5449:. NASA. 5424:Archived 5422:. NASA. 5327:Archived 5208:Archived 5206:. NASA. 5187:June 18, 5181:Archived 5155:Archived 5153:. NASA. 4880:Archived 4842:Archived 4763:NASA.gov 4728:Skylab 4 4717:See also 4673:Progress 4643:Finances 4196:Atlantis 4077:Atlantis 3983:Atlantis 3889:Atlantis 3795:Atlantis 3704:Atlantis 3589:Atlantis 3405:SpaceHab 3278:missions 3048:Atlantis 3014:Atlantis 2911:Atlantis 2899:Atlantis 2893:boarded 2872:Progress 2845:Atlantis 2830:Atlantis 2812:Atlantis 2803:Atlantis 2789:In 1997 2763:Atlantis 2720:Atlantis 2698:Atlantis 2686:Atlantis 2674:Kristall 2664:Atlantis 2652:Atlantis 2605:Atlantis 2590:Spacehab 2574:Atlantis 2538:Atlantis 2527:Kristall 2522:Kristall 2498:Atlantis 2487:Spacelab 2483:Atlantis 2471:Atlantis 2459:Atlantis 2455:Atlantis 2447:Kristall 2435:Atlantis 2408:Atlantis 2296:Atlantis 2279:(flying 2261:Spacehab 2238:Spacehab 2176:Timeline 2170:Columbia 2154:Columbia 2128:Atlantis 2081:reusable 2066:Atlantis 2005:Progress 1898:outside 1890:and the 1819:to keep 1697:Atlantis 1607:Cold War 1464:Shuttle– 1095:RELIKT-1 891:a series 889:Part of 806:Raytheon 657:Starship 600:Minotaur 585:Falcon 9 580:Electron 434:Vanguard 429:Surveyor 297:Shuttle– 216:a series 214:Part of 168:Baikonur 33:Shuttle– 10517:Related 9910:Commons 9788:Related 9597:by year 9592:by name 9369:GOES 15 9359:GOES 14 9276:flights 9262:InSight 9218:Cassini 9146:Galileo 9071:SIMPLEx 9046:Voyager 9014:Current 8970:Pioneer 8940:Mariner 8919:Robotic 8900:Artemis 8873:Current 8816:Mercury 8808: ( 8701:NASA TV 8640:General 8539:History 8479:Freedom 8375:Mercury 8333:Artemis 8252:Related 8203:Energia 8104:Voskhod 8037:Russian 7962:Shuttle 7829:Related 7792:Liberty 7757:Jupiter 7625:Special 7616:STS-3xx 7604:flights 7562:Support 7481:Testing 7324:Add-ons 7225:Orbiter 6824:MirCorp 6750:APAS-89 6717:Priroda 6567:Thagard 6443:program 3930:Jay Apt 3291:Shuttle 3285:Mission 3211:Destiny 2856:Orlan-M 2847:during 2658:during 2637:Priroda 2628:Priroda 2562:Priroda 2550:Priroda 1804:Priroda 1654:Freedom 1603:détente 1521:Priroda 1468:program 1292:Tsyklon 1260:Voskhod 1255:Sputnik 1218:Molniya 1171:Energia 1040:Molniya 1035:GLONASS 996:Energia 954:(joint) 936:Voskhod 646:Pegasus 575:Atlas V 570:Antares 469:Mercury 444:Voyager 392:Pioneer 377:Mariner 324:Artemis 272:Mercury 61:Country 37:program 10389:Lady R 9555:Madrid 9488:Future 9403:NuSTAR 9334:THEMIS 9256:RHESSI 9193:Spirit 8990:Viking 8980:Ranger 8831:Skylab 8826:Apollo 8821:Gemini 8679:Budget 8632:(2009) 8626:(2004) 8620:(2004) 8614:(2003) 8608:(2002) 8606:CFUSAI 8602:(1996) 8596:(1990) 8590:(1989) 8584:(1987) 8578:(1986) 8576:Rogers 8572:(1986) 8566:(1958) 8560:(1958) 8554:(1915) 8530:Policy 8395:Skylab 8385:Apollo 8380:Gemini 8326:Active 8231:Zvezda 8215:Kliper 8199:Spiral 8187:Aelita 8175:Zvezda 8171:LK-700 8160:Moon: 8109:Salyut 8099:Vostok 8045:Active 8033:Soviet 7919:Hubble 7747:Magnum 7552:report 7539:report 7131:STS-91 7121:STS-89 7116:STS-86 7106:STS-84 7096:STS-81 7091:STS-79 7081:STS-76 7060:STS-74 7050:STS-71 7040:STS-63 6743:Strela 6735:Lyappa 6705:Spektr 6597:Thomas 6549:STS-91 6544:STS-89 6539:STS-86 6534:STS-84 6529:STS-81 6524:STS-79 6519:STS-76 6514:STS-74 6509:STS-71 6499:STS-63 6494:STS-60 6401:'s 6392:(NASA) 6386:(NASA) 6336: 6326: 5526: 5516: 5241: 5093: 5083: 5034: 5024: 4848:23 May 4815: 4703:Moscow 4657:Europe 4619:Skylab 4596:Spektr 4588:'s 4409:STS-91 4297:STS-89 4188:STS-86 4069:STS-84 3975:STS-81 3881:STS-79 3787:STS-76 3696:STS-74 3581:STS-71 3413:STS-63 3306:STS-60 3300:Notes 3267:'s 3157:STS-91 3115:STS-89 3091:STS-91 3063:'s 3060:Spektr 3051:'s 3033:STS-86 3017:'s 2999:Spektr 2995:'s 2992:Spektr 2976:'s 2969:Spektr 2962:Spektr 2958:'s 2955:Spektr 2949:Spektr 2936:Spektr 2933:'s 2903:STS-84 2849:STS-86 2826:module 2824:Zvezda 2791:STS-81 2767:STS-81 2757:, and 2701:'s 2690:STS-79 2671:'s 2660:STS-81 2641:Spektr 2625:, the 2608:'s 2597:'s 2578:STS-76 2564:(1996) 2555:STS-79 2530:'s 2517:STS-71 2513:'s 2494:STS-74 2442:STS-74 2438:'s 2417:STS-71 2393:Spektr 2364:'s 2354:STS-71 2346:'s 2323:STS-63 2313:(1995) 2303:STS-71 2299:'s 2253:'s 2218:STS-60 2194:STS-60 2162:'s 2074:STS-79 2042:; 280 1993:Salyut 1975:'s 1958:STS-91 1884:Russia 1798:Spektr 1789:STS-74 1785:STS-91 1781:STS-71 1773:STS-63 1706:STS-71 1638:Salyut 1628:Salyut 1619:Salyut 1587:'s 1584:Salyut 1574:Salyut 1568:Salyut 1517:Spektr 1265:Vostok 1223:Polyot 1176:Kosmos 1135:Proton 1100:Venera 1045:Meteor 1025:Kosmos 982:Spiral 946:Salyut 931:Vostok 826:SpaceX 791:Boeing 479:Apollo 474:Gemini 439:Viking 424:Ranger 287:Skylab 282:Apollo 277:Gemini 218:on the 149:STS-91 137:STS-60 119:Status 86: 76:Russia 73: 9500:NISAR 9455:rover 9427:MAVEN 9347:rover 9328:Swift 9239:rover 9200:LADEE 9195:rover 9187:rover 9164:GRAIL 9159:GALEX 8950:MESUR 8895:Orion 8696:NASA+ 8672:Chief 8570:Paine 8243:OPSEK 8235:Zarya 8207:Buran 8167:N1-L3 8114:Almaz 8052:Soyuz 7802:OmegA 7771:Ares 7508:MPTA 7442:Crews 7371:Sites 7342:(CSA) 7334:(ESA) 6779:Soyuz 6745:crane 6670:Kvant 6662:Kvant 6587:Foale 6577:Blaha 6572:Lucid 6469:Soyuz 5273:(PDF) 5266:(PDF) 5128:(PDF) 5113:(PDF) 4970:(PDF) 4963:(PDF) 4883:(PDF) 4872:(PDF) 4696:ABC's 3294:Patch 3012:from 2897:from 2166:ISS's 2038:(250 2009:Buran 1949:from 1919:Earth 1807:, to 1671:Mir-2 1342:Laika 1228:Soyuz 1159:Zenit 1147:Soyuz 1050:Zenit 1000:Buran 987:Almaz 970:N1-L3 941:Soyuz 771:Astra 564:Alpha 201:Soyuz 10324:2024 10319:2020 10314:2018 10292:2016 9479:PACE 9422:WISE 9385:Juno 9225:Dawn 9169:WMAP 9109:COBE 9097:Past 8928:Past 8806:X-15 8799:Past 8612:CAIB 8582:Ride 8552:NACA 8522:NASA 8473:NASP 8458:Nova 8370:X-15 8211:MAKS 8092:Past 8083:Orel 8035:and 6756:Luch 6592:Wolf 6364:2007 6334:ASIN 6324:ISBN 6305:2007 5905:2007 5878:2007 5848:2007 5821:2007 5779:2007 5752:2007 5722:2007 5680:2007 5623:2007 5596:2009 5555:2007 5524:ASIN 5514:ISBN 5459:2007 5432:2007 5405:2007 5335:2009 5308:2007 5281:2007 5239:ISBN 5216:2009 5189:2014 5136:2007 5091:ASIN 5081:ISBN 5032:ASIN 5022:ISBN 4978:2007 4945:2007 4918:2007 4891:2006 4850:2023 4813:ISBN 4609:TsUP 4560:Kurs 3297:Crew 3247:Mars 3243:Moon 3182:The 2982:and 2885:was 2639:and 2477:and 2426:The 2378:and 2275:and 2003:and 1908:TsUP 1874:and 1801:and 1718:and 1613:and 1611:NASA 1462:The 1213:Luna 1030:Bion 964:Zond 449:X-37 250:NASA 110:NASA 105:RFSA 10678:Mir 9432:MMS 8853:Mir 8414:Mir 8219:LKS 8183:TMK 8134:Mir 8121:TKS 8057:ISS 6906:Mir 6904:to 6812:Mir 6737:arm 6641:Mir 6463:Mir 6441:Mir 6398:Mir 6383:Mir 4684:Mir 4677:Mir 4669:Mir 4613:Mir 4585:Mir 4580:Mir 4576:Mir 4551:Mir 4535:Mir 4523:Mir 4381:| 4370:| 4359:| 4337:| 4326:| 4289:EMU 3780:Mir 3774:Mir 3684:Mir 3508:Mir 3276:Mir 3264:Mir 3254:Mir 3225:Mir 3165:Mir 3161:Mir 3153:Mir 3146:Mir 3142:Mir 3138:Mir 3123:Mir 3121:to 3113:on 3095:Mir 3076:Mir 3068:Mir 3044:Mir 3029:Mir 3010:Mir 2973:Mir 2930:Mir 2917:'s 2915:ESA 2907:Mir 2895:Mir 2883:Mir 2834:Mir 2808:Mir 2799:Mir 2783:Mir 2765:on 2731:Mir 2718:to 2716:Mir 2694:Mir 2688:on 2682:Mir 2668:Mir 2656:Mir 2633:Mir 2623:Mir 2594:Mir 2586:Mir 2570:Mir 2534:Mir 2510:Mir 2506:Mir 2504:to 2463:Mir 2429:Mir 2413:Mir 2402:Mir 2372:Mir 2350:Mir 2335:Mir 2331:Mir 2311:Mir 2292:Mir 2281:Mir 2265:Mir 2207:Mir 2186:Mir 2159:Mir 2149:Mir 2133:Mir 2123:Mir 2115:Mir 2046:). 2028:Mir 2013:Mir 1989:Mir 1983:Mir 1972:Mir 1964:Mir 1947:Mir 1937:Mir 1930:Mir 1923:Mir 1915:Mir 1900:Mir 1888:Mir 1848:Mir 1844:Mir 1837:Mir 1821:Mir 1809:Mir 1793:Mir 1783:to 1777:Mir 1769:Mir 1762:Mir 1739:Mir 1704:on 1702:Mir 1679:Mir 1675:Mir 1595:Mir 1551:Mir 1525:Mir 1513:Mir 1489:Mir 1480:Mir 1466:Mir 1208:R-7 991:TKS 976:TMK 959:Mir 831:SSL 611:III 357:GLS 347:CRS 299:Mir 195:Mir 35:Mir 10669:: 8233:, 8221:, 8217:, 8213:, 8209:, 8205:/ 8201:, 8189:, 8185:, 8173:, 8169:, 8165:, 8119:/ 7780:IV 6672:-2 6664:-1 6332:. 6291:. 6175:. 6149:. 6145:. 6115:. 6085:. 6055:. 6030:. 6026:. 5996:. 5984:^ 5967:. 5963:. 5730:^ 5522:. 5504:; 5482:^ 5358:^ 5253:^ 5121:95 5119:. 5115:. 5089:. 5044:^ 5030:. 4986:^ 4878:. 4874:. 4840:. 4836:. 4781:^ 4751:. 4489:| 4478:| 4467:| 4449:| 4438:| 4348:| 4272:| 4261:| 4250:| 4239:| 4228:| 4217:| 4149:| 4138:| 4120:| 4109:| 4098:| 4048:| 4037:| 4026:| 4015:| 4004:| 3954:| 3943:| 3932:| 3921:| 3910:| 3860:| 3849:| 3838:| 3827:| 3816:| 3758:| 3747:| 3736:| 3725:| 3667:| 3654:| 3643:| 3632:| 3621:| 3610:| 3556:| 3543:| 3493:| 3482:| 3464:| 3453:| 3442:| 3386:| 3368:| 3357:| 3346:| 3335:| 3249:. 3031:, 2769:. 2753:, 2710:, 2614:. 2419:. 2271:, 2267:, 2224:, 2023:. 1910:. 1882:, 1870:, 1866:, 1862:, 1858:, 1854:, 1546:. 1491:. 1285:2M 1243:U2 1203:N1 1196:3M 1186:2I 998:/ 989:/ 617:IV 9945:e 9938:t 9931:v 9798:" 9794:" 9567:) 9548:( 8860:) 8842:) 8812:) 8545:) 8541:( 8514:e 8507:t 8500:v 8308:e 8301:t 8294:v 8025:e 8018:t 8011:v 7785:V 7775:I 7554:) 7550:( 7541:) 7537:( 7437:) 7433:( 7388:B 7383:A 7180:e 7173:t 7166:v 6894:e 6887:t 6880:v 6790:) 6786:( 6631:e 6624:t 6617:v 6431:e 6424:t 6417:v 6366:. 6340:. 6307:. 6246:. 6220:. 6190:. 6160:. 6130:. 6100:. 6070:. 6041:. 6011:. 5978:. 5948:. 5907:. 5880:. 5850:. 5823:. 5781:. 5754:. 5724:. 5682:. 5625:. 5598:. 5557:. 5530:. 5461:. 5434:. 5407:. 5337:. 5310:. 5283:. 5247:. 5218:. 5191:. 5164:. 5138:. 5097:. 5038:. 4980:. 4947:. 4920:. 4893:. 4869:" 4865:" 4852:. 4821:. 4160:| 1451:e 1444:t 1437:v 1302:3 1297:2 1280:2 1275:K 1270:L 1238:M 1233:L 1191:3 1181:1 1164:2 1152:U 1140:K 875:e 868:t 861:v 627:C 622:V 605:I 151:) 139:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Shuttle–Mir program

Index