4861:
4757:
5162:
2599:
3920:
5272:
1619:
1978:
4826:
4102:
3703:
2001:
2695:
4512:
2633:
2675:
1925:
4640:
4019:
5029:
5147:
2889:
4481:
4663:
3002:, Jews still remove their shoes when entering a synagogue. The custom of removing one's shoes is no longer practiced in Israel, the United Kingdom, or the United States, and which custom, as in former times, was dependent upon whether or not the wearer considered it a thing of contempt to stand before God while wearing shoes. In Christian countries, where it was thought not offensive to stand before a king while wearing shoes, it was likewise permitted to do so in a house of prayer. However, in Karaite Judaism, the custom of removing one's shoes prior to entering a synagogue is still observed worldwide.
4999:
4912:
4442:
4496:
2561:
4072:
3038:
5014:
4624:
2738:
1910:
5124:
4896:
3692:
5223:
4799:
3464:
1940:
5204:
2715:
3251:
55:
5287:
3326:
4568:
5044:
4944:
4876:
5181:
4777:
1752:
4402:
1164:
1728:
1960:
4087:
1455:
4984:
4422:
2618:
4461:
2542:
4738:
5108:
3542:
5059:
5242:
1716:
2851:
2423:
4604:
4928:
4719:
1149:
4532:
2580:
2523:
1180:
4845:
9073:
3194:
4584:
4552:
5257:
3383:
4703:
9096:
4370:
5089:
4386:
4683:
8814:
5074:
9021:
5340:
1740:
96:
90:
3599:
7124:
9040:
8955:
8828:
5326:
1105:
4964:
5312:
3610:
8974:
8907:
3935:
7112:
2208:, the Tabernacle and its utensils will be recovered from the place they were buried on Mount Gerizim, and as such play an important role in Samaritan beliefs. Since the same artists, such as mosaicists, worked for all ethno-religious communities of the time, some depictions might be identical in Samaritan and Jewish synagogues, Christian churches, and pagan temples, but their significance would differ.
8888:
9181:
1245:(read in its entirety once a year, or in some synagogues on a triennial cycle, in weekly Torah portions during religious services). However, a synagogue is not always necessary for Jewish worship, due to adaptations during times of Jewish persecution in countries and regions that banned Judaism, frequently destroying and/or reappropriating synagogues into churches or even government buildings.
102:
2769:, stood at his own lectern or table, facing the Ark. In Sephardic synagogues, the table for reading the Torah (reading dais) was commonly placed at the opposite side of the room from the Torah Ark, leaving the center of the floor empty for the use of a ceremonial procession carrying the Torah between the Ark and the reading table. Most contemporary synagogues feature a lectern for the rabbi.
9002:
9143:
9162:
9124:
3976:, a Seleucid city in north eastern Syria, dates from the third century CE. It is unique. The walls were painted with figural scenes from the Tanakh. The paintings included Abraham and Isaac, Moses and Aaron, Solomon, Samuel and Jacob, Elijah and Ezekiel. The synagogue chamber, with its surviving paintings, is reconstructed in the National Museum in Damascus.
1638:; however, others speculate that there had been places of prayer, apart from the Temple, during the Hellenistic period. The popularization of prayer over sacrifice during the years prior to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE had prepared the Jews for life in the diaspora, where prayer would serve as the focus of Jewish worship.
2175:
A representation of Mount
Gerizim is a clear indication of Samaritan identity. On the other hand, although the existence of a Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim is both mentioned by Josephus and confirmed by archaeological excavation at its summit, the temple's early destruction in the second century
1641:
Despite the certain existence of synagogue-like spaces prior to the First Jewish–Roman War, the synagogue emerged as a focal point for Jewish worship upon the destruction of the Temple. For Jews living in the wake of the Revolt, the synagogue functioned as a "portable system of worship". Within the
1268:
Any Jew or group of Jews can build a synagogue. Synagogues have been constructed by ancient Jewish leaders, by wealthy patrons, as part of a wide range of human institutions including secular educational institutions, governments, and hotels, by the entire Jewish community of living in a particular
3109:
Since many
Orthodox and some non-Orthodox Jews prefer to collect a minyan (a quorum of ten) rather than pray alone, they commonly assemble at pre-arranged times in offices, living rooms, or other spaces when these are more convenient than formal synagogue buildings. A room or building that is used
2395:). Alternatively, the epistle of James (in Greek, clearly Ἰάκωβος or יעקב, anglicized to Jacob) refers to a place of assembly that was indeed Jewish, with Jacob ben Joseph perhaps an elder there. The specific word in James (Jacob) 2:2 could easily be rendered "synagogue", from the Greek συναγωγὴν.
6500:
11:4), who wrote: "Synagogues and houses of study must be treated with respect. They are swept and sprinkled to lay the dust. In Spain and in the
Maghreb (North Africa), in Babylon and in the Holy Land, it is customary to kindle lamps in the synagogues and to spread mats on the floor on which the
4047:
in the
Kingdom of Cochin. Paradesi is a word used in several Indian languages, and the literal meaning of the term is "foreigners", applied to the synagogue because it was historically used by "White Jews", a mixture of Jews of the Middle East, and European exiles. It is also referred to as the
2475:
With the emancipation of Jews in
Western European countries in the 19th century—which not only enabled Jews to enter fields of enterprise from which they were formerly barred, but gave them the right to build synagogues without needing special permissions—synagogue architecture blossomed. Large
2929:
having a custom to sit upon the floor, which had been strewn with mats and cushions, rather than upon chairs or benches. In other
European towns and cities, however, Jewish congregants would sit upon chairs and benches. Today, the custom has spread in all places to sit upon chairs and benches.
3768:, also called "Esnoga", was built in 1675. At that time it was the largest synagogue in the world. Apart from the buildings surrounding the synagogue, it has an area of 1,008 m (10,850 sq ft), is 19.5 meters (64 ft) high. It was built to accommodate 1,227 men and 440 women.
2960:
In ancient synagogues, a special chair placed on the wall facing
Jerusalem and next to the Torah Shrine was reserved for the prominent members of the congregation and for important guests. Such a stone-carved and inscribed seat was discovered at archaeological excavations in the synagogue at
1261:. Worship can also happen alone or with fewer than ten people, but certain prayers are considered by halakha as solely communal; these can be recited only by a minyan. In terms of its specific ritual and liturgical functions, the synagogue does not replace the symbol of the long-destroyed
2816:, while those east of Israel face west. Sanctuaries in Israel face towards Jerusalem. Occasionally synagogues face other directions for structural reasons; in such cases, some individuals might turn to face Jerusalem when standing for prayers, but the congregation as a whole does not.
2476:
Jewish communities wished to show not only their wealth but also their newly acquired status as citizens by constructing magnificent synagogues. These were built across
Western Europe and in the United States in all of the historicist or revival styles then in fashion. Thus there were
3722:, in Jerusalem, Israel, whose main sanctuary seats up to 20,000, and has an area of approximately 7,500 m (81,000 sq ft), while the entire complex has an area of approximately 35,000 m (380,000 sq ft). Construction on the edifice took more than 25 years.
6597:
manuscripts: "While he is yet outside, let him take-off his shoes or sandals from his feet and then enter barefoot, since such is the way of servants to walk barefoot before their lords... We have a minor sanctuary, and we are required to behave with sanctity and fear , as it says:
2990:, the Jewish custom was to remove one's shoes immediately prior to entering the synagogue, a custom that had been observed by Jews in other places in earlier times. The same practice of removing one's shoes before entering the synagogue was also largely observed among Jews in
4356:
riots, the synagogue was bought by the City
Council in 1963. After extensive renovations concluding in late 2020, the main sanctuary (Kuppelsaal with 310 seats) will be reopened for general culture, and the small synagogue (Wochentags-Synagoge, with space for around 45
1659:
in 70 CE, including in
Magdala, Gamla, Masada, Herodium, Modi‘in (Kh. Umm el-‘Umdan), Qiryat Sepher (Kh. Bad ‘Issa), and Kh. Diab. Aviam concluded that he thought almost every Jewish settlement at the time, whether it was a polis or a village, had a synagogue.
2512:
synagogue. In the 19th century and early 20th century heyday of historicist architecture, however, most historicist synagogues, even the most magnificent ones, did not attempt a pure style, or even any particular style, and are best described as eclectic.
1673:– a synagogue was discovered on the western side of Masada, just south of the palace complex at the northern end of the site. One of the unique finds at this synagogue was a group of 14 scrolls, which included biblical, sectarian, and apocryphal documents.
3747:, Hungary, is the largest synagogue in Europe by square footage and number of seats. It seats 3,000, and has an area of 1,200 m (13,000 sq ft) and height of 26 m (85 ft) (apart from the towers, which are 43 m or 141 ft).
4860:
6593:, entered a synagogue and left his sandals , and they were stolen. He then said, 'Had I not gone to the synagogue, my sandals would not have gone-off.'" The custom of never entering a synagogue while wearing one's shoes is also mentioned in the
3823:, was the largest in the United States at the time of its dedication in 1957, seating 2,200 worshippers with an additional accommodation for 1,000 in its main sanctuary. The synagogue moved in 1988, but the building remains in use as a church.
2304:
in 1949 northwest of Jerusalem. It was about 8 by 15.5 metres (26 by 51 ft) in size, was two stories tall, and was oriented towards Mount Gerizim. Two mosaics remain, one atop the other; one contained the Samaritan version of the
3047:
The German–Jewish Reform movement, which arose in the early 19th century, made many changes to the traditional look of the synagogue, keeping with its desire to simultaneously stay Jewish yet be accepted by the surrounding culture.
6534:
1655:, including Jesus's visitations of synagogues in various Jewish settlements in Israel, were anachronistic. However, by 2018, Mordechai Aviam reported that there were now at least nine synagogues excavated known to pre-date the
2176:
BCE led to its memory disappearing from Samaritan tradition. No temple-related items would be found in Samaritan synagogue depictions. Religious implements, such as are also known from ancient Jewish synagogue mosaics (the
1650:
In 1995, Howard Clark Kee argued that synagogues were not a developed feature of Jewish life prior to the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE). Kee interpreted his findings as evidence that the mentions of synagogues in the
4756:
2452:, looked very like Chinese temples of that region and era, with its outer wall and open garden in which several buildings were arranged. The styles of the earliest synagogues resembled the temples of other cults of the
5161:
1685:– also known as the Migdal Synagogue, this synagogue was discovered in 2009. One of the unique features of this synagogue, which is located on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, is an intricately carved stone
2444:
for synagogues and the architectural shapes and interior designs of synagogues vary greatly. In fact, the influence from other local religious buildings can often be seen in synagogue arches, domes and towers.
2900:
A synagogue may be decorated with artwork, but in the Rabbinic and Orthodox tradition, three-dimensional sculptures and depictions of the human body are not allowed as these are considered akin to idolatry.
6065:
4290:
was built by Sephardic Portuguese Jews from Amsterdam and Recife, Brazil. It is modeled after the Esnoga in Amsterdam. Congregation Mikvé Israel built this synagogue in 1692; it was reconstructed in 1732.
6174:
2402:
are hypothesized to have used houses of worship known in academic literature as synagogue-churches. Scholars have claimed to have identified such houses of worship of the Jews who had accepted
1230:, and many places to sit and congregate. They often display commemorative, historic, or modern artwork alongside items of Jewish historical significance or history about the synagogue itself.
4895:
4875:
5123:
4825:
2668:(reading dais) by Sephardim), where the Torah scroll is placed to be read. In Sephardi synagogues and traditional Ashkenazi synagogues it is also used as the prayer leader's reading desk.
5271:
1667:– a synagogue was discovered near the city gate at Gamla, a site in the Golan northeast of the Sea of Galilee. This city was destroyed by the Roman army in 67 CE and was never rebuilt.
1615:, who is often credited with reformulating Judaism for the post-Temple era, advocated for the establishment of individual houses of worship since the Temple was no longer accessible.
6728:
5286:
2598:
1939:
2158:: the mosaic floor and other architectural elements or artifacts are sometimes decorated with typical symbols. As the Samaritans have historically adhered more strictly to the
4798:
4639:
4441:
4194:
architecture in Spain. The design of the synagogue recalls the Nasrid style of architecture that was employed during the same period in the decorations of the palace of the
3853:
3837:
5717:[On behalf of king Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy, and queen Berenice his wife and sister and their children, the Jews in Crocodilopolis (dedicated) the proseuche .....]
2250:
Ancient Samaritan synagogues are mentioned by literary sources or have been found by archaeologists in the Diaspora, in the wider Holy Land, and specifically in Samaria.
4327:, Florence, 1874–1882, is an example of the magnificent, cathedral-like synagogues built in almost every major European city in the 19th century and early 20th century.
5715:υπέρ βασιλέως | Πτολεμαίου τοΰ | Πτολεμαίου καί | βοκηλίσσης | Βερενίκης της || γυναικδς καί | άδελφης καί των | τέκνων οΐ έν Κροκ | δίλων πόλει *Ιου | ον την προ ||
5222:
4776:
2694:
3904:, seats 1,335 to 1,500 people in its main sanctuary. The massive synagogue complex contains over 11,600 m (125,000 sq ft) on 12 hectares (30 acres).
1977:
6512:
6038:
1473:, serving as a central focal point and significant symbol for the entire Jewish nation. As such, it was the destination for Jews making pilgrimages during the
2737:
4401:
2858:
5203:
2604:
4048:
Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue. The synagogue is located in the quarter of Old Cochin known as Jew Town and is the only one of the
2681:
2323:
was a room added to an existing building in the late 6th or early 7th century and served as a Samaritan synagogue. Beisan is famous for Synagogue B, the
5146:
2560:
6182:
4125:
1924:
2674:
1642:
synagogue, Jews worshipped by way of prayer rather than sacrifices, which had previously served as the main form of worship within the Second Temple.
3850:, is located in New York City, with an area of 3,523 m (37,920 sq ft), seating 2,500. It is the largest Reform synagogue in the world.
3161:), or prayer fellowship. These groups meet at a regular place and time, either in a private home or in a synagogue or other institutional space. In
3089:
Synagogues often take on a broader role in modern Jewish communities and may include additional facilities such as a catering hall, kosher kitchen,
8318:
4567:
1214:. It has a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as
8708:
4832:
4230:
2632:
6874:
3987:, Germany, parts of which date to c.1100, is the oldest intact synagogue building in Europe. It is now used as a museum of local Jewish history.
2941:
synagogue, seats were usually arranged around the perimeter of the sanctuary, but when the worshipers stood up to pray, everyone faced the Ark.
2159:
1572:. The earliest archaeological evidence for the existence of synagogues is stone dedication inscriptions from the third century BCE prove that
7391:
4662:
2714:
1826:, in the south. Each synagogue was constructed according to the means and religious customs of the local community. Notable examples include
4911:
4511:
1494:
4495:
6725:
1898:, it is customary to kindle lamps in the synagogues and to spread mats on the floor upon which the worshippers sit. In the lands of Edom (
8668:
3860:
8866:
7186:
2341:, was built in the 4th century CE and remained in use into the Early Islamic period, with a break during the late 5th–early 6th century
2272:: ancient literature offers hints that Samaritan synagogues may have existed in these cities between the fourth and sixth centuries CE.
5180:
4316:, and the sanctuary is illuminated by 40-foot (12.19 m) stained glass windows. The bimah and floor-to-ceiling ark are handcarved.
2092:
in particular, were built in the fourth to seventh centuries at the very end of the Roman Empire and throughout the Byzantine period.
1634:
It has been theorized that the synagogue became a place of worship in the region upon the destruction of the Second Temple during the
4737:
4480:
6373:
2522:
7215:
5152:
5686:[On behalf of king Ptolemy and queen Berenice his sister and wife and their children, the Jews (dedicated) the proseuche.]
4010:
in 1789 CE and was never rebuilt. An inscription tablet from this synagogue is the oldest relic from any synagogue in India.
8714:
5684:υπέρ βασιλέως | Πτολεμαίου και | βασιλίσσης | Βερενίκης άδελ | φης καί γυναικδς καί || των τέκνων | τήν προσευχήν | οί 'Ιουδαίοι.
5358:
5028:
4531:
5897:
Kee, Howard Clark. "Defining the First-Century CE Synagogue: Problems and Progress." New Testament Studies 41.4 (1995): 481-500.
4603:
4460:
7814:
7268:
6450:
4866:
4094:
4079:
4943:
2868:
Other traditional features include a continually lit lamp or lantern, usually electric in contemporary synagogues, called the
1783:. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of synagogues in at least thirteen places across the diaspora, spanning from
7809:
7073:
6758:
6326:
6077:
5857:
5754:
5708:
5677:
5650:
4583:
3919:
621:
6676:
5013:
4998:
2233:
near the synagogue after 70 CE: Jews abandoned the habit of building mikvehs next to their houses of worship after the
1959:
1704:
within modern Israel that has been found to date, built during the second century BCE. It includes three rooms and a nearby
7057:
Synagogues of Greece: A Study of Synagogues in Macedonia and Thrace with Architectural Drawings of All Synagogues of Greece
2541:
979:
7718:
4718:
4623:
4229:, an arch was built to mark the spot where the synagogue stood. A complete reconstruction, to plans drawn up by architect
2448:
Historically, synagogues were built in the prevailing architectural style of their time and place. Thus, the synagogue in
1909:
1751:
7829:
7824:
7248:
4421:
1024:
6993:
2617:
1618:
8641:
7518:
6701:
3897:
1727:
4199:
2579:
2128:. When Greek is the language used in inscriptions, typically, Samaritans may contract two Hebrew words into one, such
2116:. When the Samaritan script is used, there are some Hebrew words which would be spelled in a way typical only for the
7669:
7523:
7094:
7021:
6911:
6578:
6551:
6289:
6254:
5966:
5931:
5882:
5830:
5805:
5562:
5412:
5107:
4927:
3041:
1135:
4983:
3059:
in 1811, introduced changes that made the synagogue look more like a church. These included: the installation of an
2282:: short inscriptions found there and using the Samaritan and Greek alphabet may originate from Samaritan synagogues.
1285:
of a town), style of religious observance (e.g., Reform or Orthodox synagogue), or by the followers of a particular
7578:
7486:
6072:, The Cambridge History of Judaism, vol. 4, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 526–527, 539–542,
4590:
4551:
4106:
3765:
3706:
3419:
3182:
3110:
this way can become a dedicated small synagogue or prayer room. Among Ashkenazi Jews they are traditionally called
2481:
1771:(third to seventh century CE), literary sources attest to the existence of a large number of synagogues across the
6631:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1 (chapter 7) (3 ed.). Jerusalem: Ha-makhon le-limudei mitzvot ha-aretz. p. 150.
5771:
5043:
8743:
7937:
4918:
4702:
2376:
2148:, which is the most holy site to Samaritans, while Jewish synagogues would be oriented towards Jerusalem and the
2084:, with an inscription dated between 250 and 175 BCE, while most Samaritan synagogues excavated in the wider
1502:
31:
8894:
5088:
5058:
4844:
4369:
2808:
The ark in a synagogue is almost always positioned in such a way such that those who face it are facing towards
9058:
8859:
7619:
7179:
5241:
1882:
Synagogues and houses of study must be treated with respect. They are swept and sprinkled to lay the dust. In
1715:
1701:
1382:, which is also the source of the English "school") in everyday speech, and many continue to do so in English.
5703:(117. Stele, dedication of an Arsinoëan-Crocodilopolitan proseuche, 246–221 BCE). Cambridge University Press.
4682:
4171:
in 1938, was painstakingly reconstructed using many of the original stones. It is still in use as a synagogue.
4149:, is the oldest Jewish house of worship in North America that is still standing. It was built in 1759 for the
4101:
2384:
8720:
8041:
6903:
Acculturation and Particularism in the Modern City: Synagogue Building and Jewish Identity in Northern Europe
5187:
4970:
4963:
3238:
2638:
2000:
6975:
6014:
3286:
2765:
was read on a reader's table located in the center of the room, while the leader of the prayer service, the
2170:, as seen in Byzantine-period Jewish synagogues, would be unimaginable in Samaritan buildings of any period.
8783:
8651:
8646:
7834:
7819:
7583:
7538:
7283:
6611:
5958:
Masada: The Momentous Archaeological Discovery Revealing the Heroic Life and Struggle of the Jewish Zealots
5262:
5256:
4131:
4049:
4011:
3657:
1269:
village or region, or by sub-groups of Jewish people arrayed according to occupation, ethnicity (e.g., the
997:
4221:, was Jerusalem's main Ashkenazi synagogue from the 16th century until 1948, when it was destroyed by the
9296:
8748:
8733:
7614:
7474:
6397:
6314:
5732:. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie (in German). Vol. 9. Münster: Lit. pp. 100–102.
4385:
4320:
4138:, founded in 1654, is the oldest congregation in the United States. Its present building dates from 1897.
3843:
3476:
3468:
3214:
2623:
2566:
2528:
1739:
1401:
422:
6853:
3950:
The earliest evidence for a synagogue is a stone-carved synagogue dedication inscription found in Lower
8702:
8596:
8247:
8141:
7849:
7782:
7343:
7233:
5744:
5640:
4882:
4352:, Germany, was built in Jugendstil style between 1909 and 1911. Damaged, but not destroyed, during the
4302:
4210:
3702:
2744:
2234:
1656:
1635:
1608:
1474:
208:
112:
4669:
4610:
3803:
3740:
3338:
3314:
1623:
9291:
9206:
8852:
8818:
8758:
8656:
8636:
8506:
8431:
8291:
8158:
7844:
7804:
7172:
6816:
4237:
3914:
3643:
3613:
3579:
3451:
2608:
2477:
1810:
In the Land of Israel, late antiquity witnessed a significant increase in synagogue construction, in
1807:. Additionally, many inscriptions pertaining to synagogues and their officials have been discovered.
228:
171:
58:
6963:. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie (in German). Vol. 9. Münster: Lit. p. 100.
5073:
4305:. The building is made of quarry stone mined locally on Pitt Street, Manhattan. It is an example of
3806:
in the Czech Republic is the second-largest synagogue in Europe, and the third-largest in the world.
3719:
3696:
3024:) dividing the men's and women's seating areas, or a separate women's section located on a balcony.
8738:
8569:
7868:
7743:
7065:
6788:
6501:
worshipers sit. In the land of Edom (i.e. Christian countries) they sit in synagogues upon chairs."
5168:
4376:
4175:
3891:
3873:
3827:
3680:
3445:
3232:
2204:
within the Tabernacle, or the Torah shrine in the synagogue itself. Samaritans believe that at the
1965:
1831:
1493:. There are several known cases of Jewish communities in Egypt with their own temples, such as the
1089:
987:
710:
5034:
4018:
3362:
2724:
9286:
8691:
8680:
8274:
8195:
7900:
7799:
7738:
7624:
7597:
6932:"Orthodox Synagogue to Be Dedicated November 28–30." Memphis Commercial Appeal, October 21, 1957.
6650:
5489:
5277:
5019:
4989:
4036:
3758:
3482:
3282:
3262:
3254:
2392:
2309:
in Exodus 15:18. It was probably built in the 4th or 5th century and destroyed in the 5th or 6th.
1303:
238:
138:
5849:
Synagogues in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods: Archaeological Finds, New Methods, New Theories
5421:
2033:
1541:
8727:
8697:
7760:
6318:
4538:
4428:
4408:
4252:
3980:
3973:
3816:
3400:
3394:
3268:
3078:, was moved to the front of the Reform sanctuary—previously unheard-of in Orthodox synagogues.
3016:
In Orthodox synagogues, men and women do not sit together. The synagogue features a partition (
2435:
1946:
1152:
1079:
715:
7134:
6435:
6420:
6244:
5847:
5698:
8753:
8674:
8456:
8163:
8046:
7787:
7777:
7770:
7755:
7641:
6961:
Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus
5730:
Griechische und lateinische Inschriften zum Ptolemäerreich und zur römischen Provinz Aegyptus
5667:
5228:
5064:
4486:
4467:
4294:
4146:
3406:
3386:
3037:
2888:
2705:
1359:
1128:
1084:
1002:
41:
2021:
house of worship is also called a synagogue. During the third and second centuries BCE, the
8788:
8778:
8281:
7253:
5672:(22. Plaque, dedication of a Schedian proseuche, 246–221 BCE). Cambridge University Press.
5214:
4306:
4287:
4214:
3991:
3867:
3751:
3488:
3207:
3198:
2453:
2117:
1592:
1257:, a group of at least 10 Jewish adults, is assembled, often (but not necessarily) led by a
1183:
1059:
992:
147:
17:
8883:
5049:
4345:
4271:
3297:
8:
9281:
9211:
8436:
8404:
8330:
8239:
8185:
7792:
7592:
7326:
7291:
5621:
5454:
5439:
5317:
5247:
4836:
4645:
4071:
3663:
3463:
3432:
3162:
2820:
2469:
2201:
2162:, they would not use any depictions of man or beast. Representations of the signs of the
2042:
1988:
1969:
1847:
1839:
1679:– a synagogue from the 1st century was discovered in Herod's palace fortress at Herodium.
1550:
1470:
1458:
1262:
1219:
1014:
705:
478:
314:
3250:
2213:
Missing from Samaritan synagogue floors would be images often found in Jewish ones: the
9216:
8768:
8763:
8574:
8296:
8173:
8168:
8153:
8123:
8076:
7999:
7905:
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7338:
7243:
7210:
6879:
6307:
6225:
5353:
5292:
4950:
4782:
4763:
4743:
4724:
4032:
4023:
3901:
3820:
3793:
3573:
3560:
3554:
3546:
3325:
2547:
2516:
In the post-war era, synagogue architecture abandoned historicist styles for modernism.
2489:
2380:
2100:
The elements which distinguish Samaritan synagogues from contemporary Jewish ones are:
2022:
1916:
1878:(1138–1204) described the various customs in his day with respect to local synagogues:
1851:
1772:
1612:
1525:
1168:
1074:
404:
218:
181:
73:
8051:
7927:
3965:, dates from between 150 and 128 BCE, or earlier and is located on the island of
3691:
1253:– the "Oral Torah") states that communal Jewish worship can be carried out wherever a
9079:
8961:
8930:
8552:
8483:
8365:
8350:
8133:
8004:
7969:
7258:
7116:
7090:
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6754:
6658:
6632:
6607:
6574:
6570:
6322:
6285:
6250:
6217:
6073:
5972:
5962:
5937:
5927:
5878:
5853:
5826:
5801:
5750:
5704:
5673:
5646:
4790:
4649:
4448:
4338:
2909:
Originally, synagogues were made devoid of much furniture, the Jewish congregants in
2399:
1604:
1533:
497:
292:
200:
6945:
The Second World War and Jewish Education in America: The Fall and Rise of Orthodoxy
1226:, social halls, administrative and charitable offices, classrooms for religious and
1163:
54:
8875:
8618:
8586:
8547:
8518:
8501:
8451:
8252:
8061:
7994:
7947:
7895:
7863:
7854:
7839:
7713:
7688:
7664:
7548:
7479:
7396:
7263:
7051:
6832:
6624:
6582:
5545:
5480:
5380:
5114:
5004:
4392:
4187:
4110:
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3888:
congregation in New York City. It is attended by over 1,000 worshipers on weekends.
3881:
3771:
3630:
3512:
3501:
3349:
3330:
3090:
3071:), a choir to accompany the hazzan, and vestments for the synagogue rabbi to wear.
2824:
2505:
2388:
2368:
2338:
2279:
2238:
2108:
1804:
1776:
1682:
1510:
1498:
1454:
1355:
1294:
1121:
783:
682:
418:
379:
364:
120:
95:
48:
7128:
6800:
1340 seats, the synagogue is 48 meters long, 35 meters wide, and 48.6 meters high.
2144:: the façade, or entrance of the Samaritan synagogue, is typically facing towards
9091:
8987:
8528:
8523:
8335:
8262:
8095:
8066:
7989:
7979:
7942:
7917:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7708:
7703:
7693:
7678:
7469:
7386:
7353:
7311:
7301:
7084:
7055:
6901:
6732:
6466:
5500:
5445:
5345:
5079:
4934:
4902:
4689:
4558:
4518:
4298:
4206:
4164:
4142:
4090:
4075:
3962:
3782:
3726:
3592:
3139:
Another type of communal prayer group, favored by some contemporary Jews, is the
3098:
2970:
2701:
2585:
2493:
2354:
Zur Natan synagogue, c. 29 km west of Nablus and built in the 5th century CE
2306:
2301:
2259:
2026:
1984:
1803:). An especially sizable and monumental synagogue dating from this period is the
1780:
1564:) were built to provide a place for communal prayer and reading and studying the
1517:
1506:
1421:
1335:
1323:
1019:
927:
821:
374:
166:
131:
3136:, Yiddish for "little house"), and are found in Orthodox communities worldwide.
2850:
2422:
2196:) are also present in Samaritan ones, but the objects are always related to the
2192:, incense shovels, and specifically the façade of what looks like a temple or a
9176:
8832:
8807:
8628:
8535:
8493:
8473:
8461:
8441:
8355:
8345:
8313:
8306:
8286:
8257:
8229:
8224:
8190:
8100:
8024:
8014:
7952:
7750:
7698:
7609:
7604:
7366:
7361:
7296:
7225:
5746:
This Holy Place: On the Sanctity of the Synagogue During the Greco-Roman Period
5642:
This Holy Place: On the Sanctity of the Synagogue During the Greco-Roman Period
5579:
5331:
5232:
4542:
4183:
4150:
4086:
4055:
3942:
3541:
3052:
2934:
2922:
2854:
2828:
2497:
2372:
2344:
2269:
2177:
2085:
2081:
2061:
1931:
1863:
1859:
1768:
1521:
1389:
1363:
1270:
1215:
1109:
883:
678:
567:
473:
369:
245:
233:
176:
159:
126:
6636:
3729:, is the largest Reform (and largest non-Orthodox) Jewish synagogue in Israel.
3173:
and dined together to ensure that none of the food was unfit for consumption.
1469:
In the earliest period, Jewish communal worship primarily revolved around the
1148:
9275:
9168:
9130:
8601:
8446:
8373:
8180:
8114:
8087:
8036:
7984:
7957:
7932:
7922:
7683:
7629:
7563:
7543:
7533:
7528:
7501:
7447:
7376:
7321:
6780:
6662:
6590:
6547:
6349:
6221:
6102:
5976:
5603:
5195:
5172:
5094:
4805:
4452:
4353:
4245:
4179:
4168:
4135:
4044:
3885:
3526:
3370:
3060:
2938:
2509:
2501:
2485:
2364:
2205:
2145:
2057:
1815:
1686:
1652:
1385:
1274:
1238:
1227:
1179:
935:
850:
359:
259:
223:
89:
62:
5941:
3894:
in Toronto, Ontario, is the largest Conservative synagogue in North America.
3193:
9226:
9109:
9072:
8982:
8950:
8581:
8378:
8340:
8301:
7890:
7634:
7573:
7553:
7513:
7496:
7464:
7452:
7413:
7331:
7306:
6943:
6594:
6493:
6066:"Jewish archaeology in late antiquity: art, architecture, and inscriptions"
5626:
4905:
as they appeared from 1977 to 2003. The synagogue has been rebuilt in 2010.
4301:, is located in a landmark building dating from 1826 that was originally a
3382:
3290:
2880:), the "Eternal Light", used as a way to honor the Divine Presence.
2427:
2297:
2275:
2149:
1819:
1784:
1435:
1417:
1282:
1278:
1234:
1223:
1069:
1064:
1009:
888:
793:
753:
700:
654:
458:
267:
9095:
7025:
6070:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: Volume 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period
5956:
3516:
3505:
2138:. This is an archaic practice that was primarily maintained by Samaritans.
9187:
9104:
9008:
8591:
8106:
8031:
8009:
7912:
7506:
7435:
7430:
7418:
7408:
6858:
6562:
5921:
5296:
5134:
4630:
4226:
4222:
4007:
4003:
3834:, New York, which is said to seat "several thousand", is also very large.
3831:
2313:
2262:: a Samaritan inscription has been dated to between 250 and 175 BCE.
1899:
1568:. Alexandrian Jews also made a Koine Greek translation of the Torah, the
1536:, the world's foremost Greek-speaking city at the time. There, the first
1347:
695:
152:
7159:
6657:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Mekhon or ha-mizraḥ. p. responsum no. 285.
6229:
6205:
5990:
4244:, Algeria, built in 1880, but converted into a mosque in 1975 when most
101:
9248:
9221:
8685:
8392:
7974:
7568:
7316:
7238:
6979:
6489:
6097:
5875:
From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
5823:
From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
5798:
From Text to Tradition: A History of Second Temple and Rabbinic Judaism
5775:
5616:
4809:
4331:
4279:
4260:
2954:
2324:
2197:
2018:
1875:
1835:
1693:
1596:
1569:
1529:
1211:
940:
690:
483:
278:
9020:
7144:
6811:
4349:
4283:
4191:
3301:
2969:
and dates from the 4th–6th century; another one was discovered at the
2949:
Many current synagogues have an elaborate chair named for the prophet
2457:
9231:
9119:
9068:
8071:
7962:
7873:
7491:
7425:
6750:
5604:"Synagogue | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica"
5210:
5191:
5138:
5130:
5098:
4886:
4594:
4574:
4264:
4218:
3958:
3530:
3166:
2918:
2871:
2862:
2809:
2798:
2778:
2748:
2720:
2441:
2221:(citron fruit) have a different ritual use by Samaritans celebrating
2185:
1895:
1891:
1827:
1156:
908:
607:
430:
8915:
8844:
7442:
7154:
7139:
6942:
Rabbi Yitschak Rudomin. "Rebbes, Hasidim, and Authentic Kehillahs".
6833:"הכי ביהדות: התנ"ך הזעיר, המגילה הארוכה ובית הכנסת ל-30 אלף מתפללים"
6282:
Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian Origins
6246:
In the Shadow of the Temple: Jewish Influences on Early Christianity
3598:
2812:. Thus, sanctuary seating plans in the Western world generally face
2728:
9149:
9087:
8969:
8902:
8325:
8267:
8212:
8207:
7878:
7164:
5339:
4767:
4747:
4728:
4614:
4256:
4195:
3877:
3797:
3778:, Hungary, seats 1,340 and has height of 48.5 m (159 ft).
3744:
3603:
3342:
3141:
3113:
3075:
3019:
3011:
2962:
2893:
2834:
2658:
2570:
2461:
2411:
2327:
synagogue, which faced Jerusalem and was not a Samaritan synagogue.
1796:
1676:
1627:
1581:
1482:
1290:
1172:
965:
950:
913:
903:
898:
763:
649:
602:
588:
445:
394:
213:
186:
9039:
8954:
4673:
2456:. The surviving synagogues of medieval Spain are embellished with
9138:
9016:
8997:
8920:
8540:
8424:
8419:
8409:
8397:
8217:
8202:
8146:
8081:
8056:
8019:
7883:
7558:
7457:
7381:
7273:
7199:
7123:
7061:
4851:
4471:
3520:
3094:
3068:
3064:
3056:
2999:
2991:
2966:
2914:
2685:
2449:
2407:
2189:
2089:
1887:
1811:
1585:
1486:
1431:
1367:
1250:
1246:
1049:
955:
873:
778:
768:
723:
583:
578:
549:
537:
505:
384:
351:
335:
330:
320:
283:
81:
6610:: Jerusalem 1973, pp. 131–132; Taylor-Schechter New Series 135,
3934:
3609:
9243:
9236:
9157:
9053:
9048:
8973:
8925:
8906:
8611:
8478:
8414:
7111:
6785:
Rebecca's Children: Judaism and Christianity in the Roman World
5295:, England, the oldest synagogue built by Ashkenazi Jews in the
4709:
4653:
4432:
4412:
4313:
4310:
4040:
3999:
3984:
3938:
3927:
3847:
3775:
3667:
3366:
2995:
2950:
2813:
2766:
2532:
2465:
2348:
2320:
2293:
2230:
2222:
2181:
2167:
2163:
2005:
1950:
1843:
1697:
1670:
1600:
1490:
1462:
1426:
1254:
1187:
1054:
945:
893:
878:
868:
863:
836:
831:
814:
788:
773:
758:
733:
728:
644:
597:
572:
554:
468:
463:
440:
399:
389:
325:
302:
297:
6313:. University of Chicago Geography Research Papers (Book 237).
5961:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Random House. pp. 180–191.
5311:
3373:" pogrom. Served as model for many other important synagogues.
9201:
9188:
Fire temple or Agiary or Atashkadeh or Atashgah or Dar-e Mehr
9035:
8935:
8887:
8562:
8557:
8511:
8466:
8387:
8382:
7646:
7401:
7371:
5846:
Doering, Lutz; Krause, Andrew R.; Löhr, Hermut, eds. (2020).
5551:
4954:
4786:
4693:
4522:
4502:
3995:
3966:
3951:
3941:
at the Dura-Europos synagogue, illustrating a scene from the
3786:
3617:
2987:
2926:
2910:
2827:. This is the holiest spot in a synagogue, equivalent to the
2802:
2762:
2589:
2551:
2403:
2218:
2214:
2133:
2077:
2065:
2048:
1883:
1855:
1823:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1705:
1664:
1577:
1565:
1556:
1478:
1286:
1258:
1242:
960:
858:
807:
800:
664:
659:
639:
634:
629:
544:
532:
527:
522:
515:
510:
435:
307:
273:
9180:
5906:
Aviʿam, Mordekhai. "First-Century Galilee New Discoveries."
4062:, is arguably the oldest synagogue in Europe in current use.
8661:
7195:
7007:
6837:
6175:"How to Tell a Samaritan Synagogue from a Jewish Synagogue"
5395:
4974:
4241:
2265:
1222:, choir performances, and children's plays. They also have
1207:
1044:
559:
9001:
6726:"Crash Course in Jewish History Part 54 - Reform Movement"
5548:
5401:
2937:
synagogue, all seats most often faced the Torah Ark. In a
2316:, which was built at the beginning of the seventh century.
1630:
is known to be a central location in Jewish enlightenment.
9142:
8940:
7150:
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism Synagogue Finder
5432:
5404:
5398:
5389:
4066:
3854:
Congregation Yetev Lev D'Satmar (Hooper Street, Brooklyn)
3838:
Congregation Yetev Lev D'Satmar (Rodney Street, Brooklyn)
3646:, destroyed by aerial bombing in the London Blitz in 1941
2166:, of human figures or even Greek deities such as the god
2160:
commandment forbidding the creation of any "graven image"
2076:
The oldest Samaritan synagogue discovered so far is from
1584:
mention lavishly-adorned synagogues in Alexandria and in
1354:(συναγωγή) also means "assembly" and is commonly used in
9161:
9123:
6581:. There, Rabbi Kafih recalls the following story in the
7149:
6309:
Beyond the Basilica: Christians and Muslims in Nazareth
6193:– via Center for Online Judaic Studies, cojs.org.
4248:
had left the country for France following independence.
4225:
several days after the conquest of the city. After the
3954:
and dating from the second half of the 3rd century BCE.
3176:
3074:
In following decades, the central reader's table, the
2842:, which hangs outside or inside the ark doors.
2831:. The Ark is often closed with an ornate curtain, the
5563:
5494:
5413:
5392:
5386:
5133:
shul" (synagogue housed in a trailer-type facility),
4202:. Since 1964, this site has hosted a Sephardi museum.
3725:
Kehilat Kol HaNeshama, a Reform synagogue located in
1524:. Evidence points to their existence as early as the
1520:, several centuries before their introduction to the
1372:
1308:
5554:
5527:
5514:
5467:
5307:
1340:
5383:
4889:
from 1864 until 1948, when it was destroyed in war.
4337:The Congregation Or Hatzafon "Light of the North",
4334:
is a rare surviving intact Immigrant Era synagogue.
4263:, was first built in 1654. It was destroyed in the
6941:
6306:
6206:"The Plan of the Samaritan Synagogue at Sha'alvim"
4126:List of the oldest synagogues in the United States
3866:Temple Emanu-El (Miami Beach, Florida) located in
2460:plasterwork. The surviving medieval synagogues in
2337:El-Khirbe synagogue, discovered c. 3 km from
5845:
4341:, is the world's northernmost synagogue building.
4026:in Jew Town, Kochi, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
9273:
6623:
3084:
2953:, which is only sat upon during the ceremony of
2387:). It is used in the sense of 'assembly' in the
1405:
5923:The Ancient Synagogue: The First Thousand Years
4833:Cymbalista Synagogue and Jewish Heritage Center
4309:. The ceilings and walls are hand-painted with
2789:or 'holy chest' , and alternatively called the
1358:, with its earliest mention in the 1st century
7140:Chabad Lubavitch Center & Synagogue Finder
6830:
6812:"גור קיבלו טופס ארבע - לבית הכנסת הגדול בעולם"
6744:
6702:"Mechitzah: Separate Seating in the Synagogue"
5954:
5919:
1689:that was found in the center of the main room.
8860:
7180:
6851:
3876:, an Orthodox Sephardic synagogue located in
3686:
3454:(also known as the Great Synagogue of Europe)
3131:
3125:
3119:
3111:
3067:, when musical instruments are proscribed by
3027:
2662:, a large, raised, reader's platform (called
2241:, but Samaritans continued with the practice.
1411:
1314:
1129:
6973:
6809:
6677:"The Jews who take off their shoes for shul"
6655:Questions & Responsa (Sefer ha-Rashbash)
6513:"The Chair of Elijah and Welcoming the Baby"
5769:
5578:This is a fairly modern term mostly used in
5521:
5508:
5235:, the oldest synagogue in the United Kingdom
4153:congregation, which was established in 1658.
3908:
3156:
3146:
3017:
2994:in the early 20th century. On the island of
2869:
2832:
2823:, which held the tablets inscribed with the
2663:
8669:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
7014:
6064:Levine, Lee (2006), Katz, Steven T. (ed.),
5877:(1st ed.). Ktav Pub Inc. p. 164.
5852:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 191.
5825:(1st ed.). Ktav Pub Inc. p. 164.
5800:(1st ed.). Ktav Pub Inc. p. 159.
5697:Horbury, William; Noy, David, eds. (1992).
5666:Horbury, William; Noy, David, eds. (1992).
5474:
4411:is the oldest intact synagogue building in
3861:Adas Israel Congregation (Washington, D.C.)
3754:is the largest synagogue in Western Europe.
2367:, the word appears 56 times, mostly in the
1949:is the oldest intact synagogue building in
40:"Shul" redirects here. For other uses, see
8867:
8853:
7187:
7173:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6041:. Biblical Archaeology Society. 2019-09-22
5696:
5665:
4157:
3856:seats between 2,000 and 4,000 congregants.
3718:The largest synagogue in the world is the
2095:
1599:have been identified by archaeologists in
1136:
1122:
9264:Sorted alphabetically except the last one
7155:Union for Reform Judaism Synagogue Finder
6242:
6236:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
5872:
5820:
5795:
5749:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 45.
5700:Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt
5669:Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt
4789:, Portugal, the largest synagogue in the
4573:The Synagogue in the Gerard Doustraat in
3623:
3566:
3101:and a smaller chapel for daily services.
7216:Index of Jewish history-related articles
7049:
6958:
6627:(2004). Avraham Yosef Havatzelet (ed.).
6536:Synagogue Moses' Seat: Metaphor of Pride
5727:
5690:
4100:
4085:
4070:
4017:
3933:
3918:
3840:is also said to seat "several thousand".
3701:
3690:
3608:
3597:
3540:
3462:
3381:
3324:
3249:
3192:
3036:
2887:
2849:
2421:
1999:
1617:
1453:
1178:
1162:
1147:
53:
27:Place of worship for Jews and Samaritans
8715:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
7352:
6948:. Jewish Professionals Institute (JPI).
6510:
6181:. May/June 1998 (24:03). Archived from
5659:
5359:List of synagogues in the United States
4167:in Germany, built in 1175 and razed on
2981:
2417:
2245:
2004:Interior of the Samaritan synagogue in
1995:
1902:), they sit in synagogues upon chairs .
1645:
14:
9274:
6899:
6893:
6872:
6854:"The Heart of Israel's Reform Judaism"
6304:
6279:
6273:
6172:
6113:
6063:
5763:
4867:Or Zaruaa Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel
4190:. This is one of the best examples of
4067:Oldest synagogues in the United States
4035:is the oldest active synagogue in the
4012:Eight other synagogues exist in Kerala
3104:
2976:
2398:During the first Christian centuries,
2347:synagogue, c. 20 km northwest of
2286:
1346:(בית כנסת) or "house of assembly" The
1241:, study, assembly, and reading of the
8874:
8848:
7168:
7082:
6873:Kulish, Nicholas (30 December 2007).
6649:
6527:
6398:"Synagogue Background & Overview"
6203:
6059:
6057:
6055:
4881:The Hurva Synagogue towered over the
3438:
2120:, for instance, "forever" is written
2029:by Samaritans and Jews was the same,
1555:'places of prayer'; singular
9105:Heathen hof or Germanic pagan temple
7194:
6604:Halakhot Eretz Yisrael min ha-Geniza
6600:And you shall fear my hallowed place
6173:Pummer, Reinhard (13 January 2009).
6039:"Modi'in: Where the Maccabees Lived"
5926:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
5742:
5638:
5522:
5509:
5153:Ohev Sholom – The National Synagogue
4043:, in India. It was built in 1568 by
3081:Gender separation was also removed.
3005:
2646:
2426:Aerial view of the synagogue of the
1516:The first synagogues emerged in the
30:For the 1919 allegorical mural, see
6374:"The Bimah: The Synagogue Platform"
6015:"Ancient synagogue found in Israel"
5484:
5460:
5459:'bēṯ kənesseṯ', or Hebrew:
5449:
5171:, New York City (2013), created by
4095:oldest surviving synagogue building
4080:oldest surviving synagogue building
3870:, seats approximately 1,400 people.
3157:
3147:
3120:
2883:
2756:
2651:
2225:and do not appear on mosaic floors.
2012:
1757:First century synagogue at Herodium
1657:destruction of the Jerusalem Temple
1626:, the biggest Synagogue in Europe.
1315:
1298:
24:
8662:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
8642:American Jewish Historical Society
7160:Reconstructionist Synagogue Finder
7043:
6852:Nathan Jeffay (January 12, 2011).
6552:Elaborate seat, Chorazin synagogue
6052:
5873:Schiffman, Lawrence (March 1991).
5821:Schiffman, Lawrence (March 1991).
5796:Schiffman, Lawrence (March 1991).
5610:
5280:(active 5th–8th centuries), Israel
4447:The main synagogue of the city of
4267:of 1831 and reconstructed in 1833.
3994:(1344 CE to 1789 CE) in
3063:to accompany the prayers (even on
2047:'place of prayer', plural
1930:Ruins of the ancient synagogue of
1762:
1745:First century synagogue at Magdala
1410:and Portuguese Jews may call it a
25:
9308:
9080:Mandi or Mashkhanna or Beth Manda
7104:
7086:Dura Europos: A City for Everyman
7024:. mosquitonet.com. Archived from
6831:Nitzhia Yaakov (April 20, 2023).
6573:: Jerusalem 1982, p. 64 (note 3)
6350:"Encyclopedia Judaica: The Bimah"
5504:
4819:), destroyed and recently rebuilt
4259:, located in the capital city of
4014:though not in active use anymore.
3766:Portuguese Synagogue in Amsterdam
3761:is one of the greatest in Europe.
3636:
3420:Portuguese Synagogue of Amsterdam
3307:
3042:Congregation Emanu-El of New York
3032:
2064:inscription uses a similar term,
1733:First century synagogue at Masada
1505:, and a few centuries later, the
1497:established by refugees from the
9179:
9160:
9141:
9122:
9094:
9071:
9038:
9019:
9009:Jain temple or Derasar or Basadi
9000:
8972:
8953:
8905:
8886:
8826:
8813:
8812:
7122:
7110:
6810:Shaul Kahana (January 9, 2022).
6284:. Clarendon Press. p. 338.
5544:
5379:
5338:
5324:
5310:
5285:
5270:
5255:
5240:
5221:
5202:
5179:
5160:
5145:
5122:
5106:
5087:
5072:
5057:
5042:
5027:
5012:
4997:
4982:
4962:
4942:
4926:
4910:
4894:
4874:
4859:
4843:
4824:
4797:
4775:
4755:
4744:Jakab and Komor Square Synagogue
4736:
4717:
4701:
4681:
4661:
4638:
4622:
4602:
4582:
4566:
4550:
4530:
4510:
4501:The Great Synagogue of Basel in
4494:
4479:
4459:
4440:
4420:
4400:
4384:
4368:
4107:Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam)
4105:Painting of the interior of the
3810:
3800:, Serbia, seating more than 900.
3789:, Bulgaria, seating about 1,200.
3707:Portuguese Synagogue (Amsterdam)
3181:Some synagogues bear the title "
2944:
2845:
2736:
2713:
2693:
2673:
2631:
2616:
2597:
2578:
2559:
2540:
2521:
2482:Renaissance Revival architecture
2132:"mountain" and Gerizim becoming
1976:
1958:
1938:
1923:
1908:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1721:First century synagogue at Gamla
1714:
1609:destruction of the Second Temple
1103:
100:
94:
88:
7145:Orthodox Union Synagogue Finder
7000:
6986:
6967:
6952:
6935:
6926:
6866:
6845:
6824:
6803:
6794:
6774:
6738:
6718:
6694:
6669:
6643:
6617:
6556:
6541:
6504:
6483:
6459:
6451:"Ner Tamid: The Eternal Light."
6444:
6429:
6414:
6390:
6366:
6342:
6298:
6197:
6091:
6031:
6007:
5983:
5948:
5913:
5900:
5891:
5866:
5839:
5814:
5789:
5736:
4919:Ashkenazi Synagogue of Istanbul
4186:, treasurer of King Pedro I of
2896:, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1902)
2358:
2351:and built in the 4th century CE
1503:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
8734:Relations with other religions
7135:Jewish Encyclopedia: Synagogue
5721:
5632:
5596:
5572:
5536:
5371:
3425:
3412:
2933:Until the 19th century, in an
2819:The Ark is reminiscent of the
2193:
1869:
1595:synagogues in use by Jews and
1329:
13:
1:
9195:Varying religions and beliefs
8721:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
6249:. IVP Academic. p. 186.
5645:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
5589:
4813:
4648:interior of the 13th-century
4114:
3239:Great Choral Synagogue (Kyiv)
3085:Synagogue as community center
2973:, complete with a footstool.
2761:In Ashkenazi synagogues, the
2025:, the Greek word used in the
1692:Modi'in – Discovered between
8916:Buddhist Monastery or Vihāra
8652:Leo Baeck Institute New York
8647:American Sephardi Federation
6612:Cambridge University Library
6471:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
6402:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
5991:"Herodium (BiblePlaces.com)"
5528:
5515:
5433:
4255:("Bridgetown Synagogue") of
4132:Congregation Shearith Israel
3673:
3433:Great Synagogue of Stockholm
3289:, destroyed by Nazis during
3215:Great Synagogue of Jerusalem
2801:, is a cabinet in which the
2772:
2624:Great Synagogue of Jerusalem
1475:three major annual festivals
1366:have traditionally used the
1206:, is a place of worship for
7:
7475:Constantinopolitan Karaites
7050:Messinas, Ēlias V. (2022).
6875:"Out of Darkness, New Life"
6653:(1998). Moshe Sovel (ed.).
6606:, ed. Mordechai Margaliot,
6589:2:8): "Yehudah, the son of
6315:University of Chicago Press
6179:Biblical Archaeology Review
5495:
5479:'house of prayer';
5468:
5303:
4321:Great Synagogue of Florence
3844:Temple Emanu-El of New York
3819:, an Orthodox synagogue in
3733:
3712:
3585:
3477:Great Synagogue of Florence
3469:Great Synagogue of Florence
3452:Great Synagogue of Brussels
3132:
3126:
3112:
3018:
2870:
2833:
2664:
2567:Great Synagogue of Deventer
2529:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
2253:
1603:and other countries of the
1402:Spanish and Portuguese Jews
1373:
1341:
1309:
10:
9313:
8703:National Library of Israel
7344:Zionism, race and genetics
7022:"Congregation Or HaTzafon"
6906:. University of Michigan.
6305:Emmett, Chad Fife (1995).
6210:Israel Exploration Journal
5772:"Second Temple Synagogues"
5425:
4361:
4303:Methodist Episcopal Church
4198:in Granada as well as the
4123:
3912:
3687:World's largest synagogues
3650:
3494:
3377:
3355:
3320:
3255:Choral Synagogue of Moscow
3177:List of "great synagogues"
3028:Denominational differences
3009:
2904:
2745:Moses Ben Maimon Synagogue
2433:
2331:
2134:
2066:
2049:
2037:
1557:
1545:
1449:
46:
39:
29:
9259:
9194:
9175:
9156:
9137:
9118:
9086:
9067:
9034:
9015:
8996:
8968:
8949:
8901:
8882:
8801:
8657:Yeshiva University Museum
8637:Center for Jewish History
8627:
8492:
8364:
8238:
8132:
7663:
7282:
7224:
7206:
6959:Pfeiffer, Stefan (2015).
6243:Skarsaune, Oskar (2008).
5728:Pfeiffer, Stefan (2015).
4238:Abdallah Ibn Salam Mosque
4052:in the area still in use.
3974:synagogue of Dura Europos
3915:List of oldest synagogues
3909:World's oldest synagogues
3681:Great Synagogue of Sydney
3644:Great Synagogue of London
3631:Grand Synagogue of Edirne
3536:
3275:
3245:
3220:
3188:
3169:lived near each other in
2877:
2839:
2794:
2782:
2656:All synagogues contain a
1953:, in parts around 1100 CE
59:Eldridge Street Synagogue
9169:Taoist temple or Dàoguàn
7249:Ancient Israel and Judah
7066:Kindle Direct Publishing
6994:"Nidhe Israel Synagogue"
6789:Harvard University Press
6354:JewishVirtualLibrary.org
6280:Taylor, Joan E. (1993).
5364:
5169:Lincoln Square Synagogue
4708:The Bobowa Synagogue in
4377:Great Synagogue of Tunis
4176:Synagogue of El Transito
3900:, a Reform synagogue in
3892:Beth Tzedec Congregation
3874:Congregation Shaare Zion
3658:Great Synagogue of Tunis
3458:
3446:Grand Synagogue of Paris
3369:, destroyed during the "
3315:Great Synagogue of Plzeň
3281:The Great Synagogues of
3233:Kharkiv Choral Synagogue
2641:, Munich, Germany (2006)
2605:Beth Sholom Congregation
2573:, The Netherlands (1892)
2508:synagogues and even one
2428:Kaifeng Jewish community
1430:, which is derived from
47:Not to be confused with
8988:Balinese temple or Pura
8895:Baháʼí House of Worship
7625:North African Sephardim
7598:Jewish tribes of Arabia
6745:Yisroel Besser (2018).
6533:The Interactive Bible,
6108:Tefillah Birkat kohanim
5955:Yadin, Yigael. (1966).
5920:Levine, Lee I. (2000).
5520:(from "synagogue"); or
5020:Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue
4990:Great Synagogue of Rome
4764:Jewish Street Synagogue
4725:Sukkat Shalom Synagogue
4611:Dohány Street Synagogue
4557:The Great Synagogue of
4233:, opened in March 2010.
4182:, was built in 1356 by
4158:Other famous synagogues
4037:Commonwealth of Nations
3804:Great Synagogue (Plzeň)
3759:Great Synagogue of Rome
3741:Dohány Street Synagogue
3695:Congregants inside the
3483:Great Synagogue of Rome
3395:New Synagogue of Berlin
3339:Dohány Street Synagogue
3263:Moscow Choral Synagogue
2797: or 'temple' by
2096:Distinguishing elements
1624:Dohány Street Synagogue
1392:generally use the term
9131:Shinto Shrine or Jinja
8983:Hindu temple or Mandir
8728:Holocaust Encyclopedia
8698:Jewish Virtual Library
7127:Quotations related to
6900:Snyder, S. C. (2008).
5297:English speaking world
5278:Ein Keshatot synagogue
4971:Great Choral Synagogue
4539:Grand Choral Synagogue
4409:Old Synagogue (Erfurt)
4253:Nidhe Israel Synagogue
4121:
4098:
4083:
4027:
4006:. It was destroyed by
3946:
3931:
3859:The main sanctuary of
3817:Baron Hirsch Synagogue
3720:Great Beth Midrash Gur
3709:
3699:
3697:Great Beth Midrash Gur
3624:Turkey (European part)
3620:
3606:
3567:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3549:
3471:
3401:Old Synagogue (Erfurt)
3389:
3333:
3269:Grand Choral Synagogue
3257:
3202:
3053:first Reform synagogue
3044:
2897:
2865:
2751:, United Arab Emirates
2436:Synagogue architecture
2431:
2009:
1947:Old Synagogue (Erfurt)
1904:
1874:Rabbi and philosopher
1636:First Jewish–Roman War
1631:
1576:existed by that date.
1466:
1412:
1406:
1404:call the synagogue an
1191:
1176:
1160:
1153:Princes Road Synagogue
66:
8675:Encyclopaedia Judaica
8457:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
7642:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
7392:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
7083:Young, Penny (2014).
6982:on September 7, 2012.
6769:must be in the middle
6204:Reich, Ronny (1994).
5743:Fine, Steven (2016).
5639:Fine, Steven (2016).
5629:edition, 1970, p. 379
5229:Bevis Marks Synagogue
5209:Temple Emanu-El, Neo-
5065:El Transito Synagogue
5035:Santa María la Blanca
4487:Beth Yaakov Synagogue
4468:Roonstrasse Synagogue
4451:(Germany) before the
4295:Bialystoker Synagogue
4147:Newport, Rhode Island
4104:
4089:
4074:
4021:
3937:
3922:
3705:
3694:
3612:
3601:
3574:Synagogue of Sarajevo
3561:Synagogue of Subotica
3555:Synagogue of Novi Sad
3544:
3466:
3407:Old Synagogue (Essen)
3387:Old Synagogue (Essen)
3385:
3363:Leopoldstädter Tempel
3328:
3253:
3196:
3040:
2891:
2853:
2706:Newport, Rhode Island
2535:, Syria (5th century)
2425:
2003:
1880:
1818:in the north and the
1621:
1495:Temple at Elephantine
1457:
1360:Theodotos inscription
1249:(Jewish law from the
1182:
1166:
1151:
57:
42:Shul (disambiguation)
35:(John Singer Sargent)
7254:Second Temple period
7119:at Wikimedia Commons
6511:Zaklikowski, David.
5910:9.2 (2018): 219–226.
5582:, but is still rare.
5444:'assembly';
5215:Miami Beach, Florida
4591:Portuguese Synagogue
4307:federal architecture
4288:Netherlands Antilles
4039:, located in Kochi,
3992:Kochangadi Synagogue
3868:Miami Beach, Florida
3752:Synagogue of Trieste
3489:Synagogue of Trieste
3208:Belz Great Synagogue
3199:Belz Great Synagogue
2982:Removing one's shoes
2892:Sarajevo Synagogue,
2639:Ohel Jakob synagogue
2454:Eastern Roman Empire
2418:Architectural design
2246:Archaeological finds
2118:Samaritan Pentateuch
1996:Samaritan synagogues
1646:Second Temple period
1593:Second Temple period
1220:bar and bat mitzvahs
1184:Yusef Abad Synagogue
8692:Jewish Encyclopedia
8437:Hekhalot literature
8248:Religious movements
7783:Judeo-Tripolitanian
6683:. November 24, 2016
6614:/ Oxford MS. 2700).
6567:Jewish Life in Sanà
6439:Jewish Encyclopedia
6424:Jewish Encyclopedia
5622:The Joys of Yiddish
5318:Architecture portal
5248:Stockholm Synagogue
5213:style synagogue in
5155:in Washington, D.C.
4901:The remains of the
4837:Tel Aviv University
3664:El Ghriba synagogue
3350:Synagogue of Szeged
3331:Synagogue of Szeged
3105:Synagogue offshoots
2977:Rules for attendees
2859:Abudarham Synagogue
2821:Ark of the Covenant
2781:, called in Hebrew
2287:The wider Holy Land
2202:Ark of the Covenant
1989:World Heritage Site
1970:World Heritage Site
1471:Temple in Jerusalem
1459:El Ghriba Synagogue
1263:Temple in Jerusalem
1015:Abrahamic religions
914:Selichot (S'lichot)
706:Bar and bat mitzvah
209:Principles of faith
9297:Jewish holy places
8833:Judaism portal
8769:Jews and Halloween
8764:Jews and Christmas
8154:Rabbinic authority
7906:Judaeo-Piedmontese
7339:Xueta Christianity
7244:Origins of Judaism
7211:Outline of Judaism
7089:. Twopenny Press.
6974:Donald D. Binder.
6880:The New York Times
6731:2012-01-18 at the
6706:My Jewish Learning
6456:. 28 August 2018.
5908:Early Christianity
5770:Donald D. Binder.
5354:List of synagogues
5293:Plymouth Synagogue
5263:Brisbane Synagogue
4951:Paradesi Synagogue
4933:The interior of a
4869:, founded in 1926.
4783:Kadoorie Synagogue
4122:
4099:
4084:
4045:Paradesi community
4033:Paradesi Synagogue
4028:
4024:Paradesi Synagogue
3947:
3932:
3902:Memphis, Tennessee
3821:Memphis, Tennessee
3794:Subotica Synagogue
3710:
3700:
3621:
3607:
3593:Synagogue of Sofia
3580:Synagogue of Doboj
3550:
3547:Subotica Synagogue
3472:
3439:France and Belgium
3390:
3334:
3258:
3203:
3055:, which opened in
3045:
2898:
2866:
2805:scrolls are kept.
2548:Paradesi Synagogue
2490:Romanesque Revival
2432:
2381:Book of Revelation
2371:, but also in the
2217:(palm-branch) and
2023:Hellenistic period
2010:
1917:Tzippori Synagogue
1850:in the north, and
1632:
1613:Yohanan ben Zakkai
1591:More than a dozen
1526:Hellenistic period
1467:
1424:also use the term
1192:
1177:
1169:Helsinki Synagogue
1161:
1110:Judaism portal
1075:Holocaust theology
67:
9269:
9268:
9028:Synagogue or Shul
8931:Shaolin Monastery
8876:Places of worship
8842:
8841:
8808:extinct languages
8709:YIVO Encyclopedia
8484:Hebrew literature
8452:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
8292:Reconstructionist
7970:Judaeo-Portuguese
7659:
7658:
7615:Eastern Sephardim
7259:Synagogal Judaism
7115:Media related to
7075:979-8-8069-0288-8
7052:Gruber, Samuel D.
6760:978-1-4226-2232-2
6724:Rabbi Ken Spiro.
6608:Mossad Harav Kook
6571:Ben-Zvi Institute
6436:"ARK OF THE LAW."
6421:"ARK OF THE LAW."
6328:978-0-226-20711-7
6079:978-0-521-77248-8
5859:978-3-647-52215-9
5756:978-1-5326-0926-8
5710:978-0-521-41870-6
5679:978-0-521-41870-6
5652:978-1-5326-0926-8
5493:
5478:
5466:
5458:
5443:
5431:
5188:Central Synagogue
5095:The Choral Temple
5050:Córdoba Synagogue
4850:The synagogue of
4791:Iberian Peninsula
4650:Old New Synagogue
4449:Frankfurt am Main
4346:Görlitz Synagogue
4339:Fairbanks, Alaska
4272:Curaçao synagogue
4209:, located in the
4200:Mosque of Córdoba
3926:(3rd century CE)
3884:, is the largest
3271:of St. Petersburg
3006:Gender separation
2682:Saluzzo Synagogue
2647:Interior elements
2592:, Bulgaria (1909)
2410:in Jerusalem and
2400:Jewish Christians
2312:The synagogue at
2235:70 CE destruction
2107:: the use of the
2046:
1605:Hellenistic world
1554:
1477:commanded by the
1396:(from the Hebrew
1307:
1146:
1145:
498:Important figures
172:Reconstructionist
16:(Redirected from
9304:
9292:Jewish buildings
9183:
9164:
9145:
9126:
9098:
9075:
9042:
9023:
9004:
8976:
8957:
8909:
8890:
8869:
8862:
8855:
8846:
8845:
8831:
8830:
8829:
8816:
8815:
7948:Judeo-Golpaygani
7549:Palestinian Jews
7524:Alexandrian Jews
7480:Crimean Karaites
7397:Unterlander Jews
7350:
7349:
7264:Rabbinic Judaism
7189:
7182:
7175:
7166:
7165:
7126:
7114:
7100:
7079:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6978:. Archived from
6971:
6965:
6964:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6939:
6933:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6920:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6870:
6864:
6863:
6849:
6843:
6842:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6807:
6801:
6798:
6792:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6747:The Chasam Sofer
6742:
6736:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6673:
6667:
6666:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6629:Kaftor wa-Ferach
6625:Ishtori Haparchi
6621:
6615:
6583:Jerusalem Talmud
6560:
6554:
6545:
6539:
6531:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6520:
6508:
6502:
6487:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6463:
6457:
6448:
6442:
6433:
6427:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6346:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6312:
6302:
6296:
6295:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6263:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6216:(3/4): 228–233.
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6170:
6111:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6061:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5987:
5981:
5980:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5917:
5911:
5904:
5898:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5870:
5864:
5863:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5793:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5774:. Archived from
5767:
5761:
5760:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5636:
5630:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5600:
5583:
5576:
5570:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5511:
5498:
5488:
5486:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5465:romanized:
5464:
5462:
5453:
5451:
5438:
5436:
5430:romanized:
5429:
5427:
5416:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5375:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5289:
5274:
5259:
5244:
5225:
5206:
5183:
5164:
5149:
5126:
5110:
5091:
5076:
5061:
5046:
5031:
5016:
5005:Abuhav synagogue
5001:
4986:
4966:
4946:
4930:
4914:
4898:
4878:
4863:
4847:
4828:
4818:
4815:
4801:
4779:
4759:
4740:
4721:
4705:
4685:
4676:, Czech Republic
4665:
4656:, Czech Republic
4642:
4626:
4606:
4586:
4570:
4554:
4534:
4514:
4498:
4483:
4463:
4444:
4424:
4404:
4393:Zarzis Synagogue
4388:
4372:
4119:
4116:
4111:Emanuel de Witte
4060:Lincoln, England
4050:eight synagogues
3924:Sardis Synagogue
3772:Szeged Synagogue
3545:Interior of the
3513:Fabric Synagogue
3502:Cetate Synagogue
3467:Interior of the
3329:Interior of the
3160:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3091:religious school
3023:
2917:(North Africa),
2884:Inner decoration
2879:
2875:
2841:
2838:
2825:Ten Commandments
2796:
2784:
2757:Table or lectern
2740:
2717:
2697:
2677:
2667:
2652:Bimah (platform)
2635:
2620:
2601:
2582:
2563:
2544:
2525:
2506:Egyptian Revival
2440:There is no set
2389:Epistle of James
2377:John 9:22; 18:20
2369:Synoptic Gospels
2300:), excavated by
2239:Jerusalem Temple
2137:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2109:Samaritan script
2069:
2068:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2013:Name and history
1980:
1966:Speyer Synagogue
1962:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1805:Sardis Synagogue
1781:Sasanian Empires
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1702:oldest synagogue
1611:in 70 CE, Rabbi
1607:. Following the
1588:, respectively.
1560:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1511:Heliopolite Nome
1499:Kingdom of Judah
1415:
1409:
1378:(from the Greek
1376:
1344:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1237:spaces used for
1198:, also called a
1138:
1131:
1124:
1108:
1107:
1106:
380:Aruch HaShulchan
104:
98:
92:
69:
68:
49:Synagoga (genus)
21:
9312:
9311:
9307:
9306:
9305:
9303:
9302:
9301:
9272:
9271:
9270:
9265:
9255:
9190:
9171:
9152:
9133:
9114:
9092:modern paganism
9082:
9063:
9030:
9011:
8992:
8964:
8945:
8897:
8878:
8873:
8843:
8838:
8827:
8825:
8797:
8623:
8488:
8360:
8234:
8128:
7943:Judeo-Borujerdi
7918:Judeo-Malayalam
7864:Judeo-Aragonese
7835:Lishanid Noshan
7667:
7655:
7387:Oberlander Jews
7348:
7278:
7220:
7202:
7193:
7107:
7097:
7076:
7046:
7044:Further reading
7041:
7040:
7031:
7029:
7020:
7019:
7015:
7006:
7005:
7001:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6972:
6968:
6957:
6953:
6940:
6936:
6931:
6927:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6898:
6894:
6885:
6883:
6871:
6867:
6850:
6846:
6829:
6825:
6817:Kikar HaShabbat
6808:
6804:
6799:
6795:
6779:
6775:
6761:
6743:
6739:
6733:Wayback Machine
6723:
6719:
6710:
6708:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6686:
6684:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6648:
6644:
6622:
6618:
6561:
6557:
6546:
6542:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6516:
6509:
6505:
6488:
6484:
6475:
6473:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6449:
6445:
6434:
6430:
6419:
6415:
6406:
6404:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6382:
6380:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6358:
6356:
6348:
6347:
6343:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6303:
6299:
6292:
6278:
6274:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6241:
6237:
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6185:on 7 April 2022
6171:
6114:
6096:
6092:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6062:
6053:
6044:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6023:
6021:
6013:
6012:
6008:
5999:
5997:
5995:BiblePlaces.com
5989:
5988:
5984:
5969:
5953:
5949:
5934:
5918:
5914:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5871:
5867:
5860:
5844:
5840:
5833:
5819:
5815:
5808:
5794:
5790:
5781:
5779:
5768:
5764:
5757:
5741:
5737:
5726:
5722:
5711:
5695:
5691:
5680:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5637:
5633:
5615:
5611:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5586:
5577:
5573:
5564:
5547:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5414:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5367:
5346:Religion portal
5344:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5306:
5299:
5290:
5281:
5275:
5266:
5260:
5251:
5245:
5236:
5226:
5217:
5207:
5198:
5184:
5175:
5167:Sanctuary ark,
5165:
5156:
5150:
5141:
5129:Interior of a "
5127:
5118:
5111:
5102:
5092:
5083:
5080:Sofia Synagogue
5077:
5068:
5062:
5053:
5047:
5038:
5032:
5023:
5017:
5008:
5002:
4993:
4987:
4978:
4967:
4958:
4947:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4915:
4906:
4903:Hurva Synagogue
4899:
4890:
4879:
4870:
4864:
4855:
4848:
4839:
4829:
4820:
4816:
4802:
4793:
4780:
4771:
4760:
4751:
4741:
4732:
4722:
4713:
4706:
4697:
4690:Lesko Synagogue
4686:
4677:
4670:Great Synagogue
4666:
4657:
4643:
4634:
4627:
4618:
4607:
4598:
4587:
4578:
4571:
4562:
4555:
4546:
4535:
4526:
4519:Turku Synagogue
4515:
4506:
4499:
4490:
4484:
4475:
4464:
4455:
4445:
4436:
4425:
4416:
4405:
4396:
4389:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4325:Tempio Maggiore
4299:Lower East Side
4207:Hurva Synagogue
4165:Worms Synagogue
4160:
4143:Touro Synagogue
4128:
4117:
4091:Touro Synagogue
4076:Touro Synagogue
4069:
4002:, built by the
3963:Delos Synagogue
3961:synagogue, the
3917:
3911:
3813:
3783:Sofia Synagogue
3736:
3727:Baka, Jerusalem
3715:
3689:
3676:
3653:
3639:
3626:
3602:The Synagogue,
3588:
3569:
3539:
3497:
3461:
3441:
3428:
3415:
3380:
3358:
3323:
3310:
3298:Great Synagogue
3278:
3248:
3223:
3191:
3183:Great Synagogue
3179:
3107:
3099:day care center
3087:
3035:
3030:
3014:
3008:
2984:
2979:
2971:Delos Synagogue
2947:
2907:
2886:
2848:
2775:
2759:
2752:
2741:
2732:
2718:
2709:
2702:Touro Synagogue
2698:
2689:
2678:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2636:
2627:
2621:
2612:
2602:
2593:
2586:Sofia Synagogue
2583:
2574:
2564:
2555:
2545:
2536:
2526:
2494:Moorish Revival
2438:
2420:
2361:
2334:
2319:Synagogue A at
2307:Song of the Sea
2302:Eleazar Sukenik
2289:
2260:Delos Synagogue
2256:
2248:
2125:
2121:
2098:
2015:
1998:
1991:
1985:Worms Synagogue
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1943:
1934:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1872:
1765:
1763:Talmudic period
1758:
1755:
1746:
1743:
1734:
1731:
1722:
1719:
1648:
1534:Ptolemaic Egypt
1518:Jewish diaspora
1507:Temple of Onias
1452:
1332:
1324:Hasidic Judaism
1233:Synagogues are
1224:rooms for study
1142:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1020:Judeo-Christian
983:
982:
980:Other religions
971:
970:
931:
930:
919:
918:
854:
853:
842:
841:
796:
749:
748:
739:
738:
720:
686:
685:
670:
669:
625:
624:
622:Religious roles
613:
612:
575:
571:
501:
500:
489:
488:
450:
426:
425:
410:
409:
375:Mishnah Berurah
355:
354:
343:
342:
317:
270:
263:
262:
251:
250:
204:
203:
192:
191:
123:
116:
115:
52:
45:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9310:
9300:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9287:Building types
9284:
9267:
9266:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9241:
9240:
9239:
9234:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9198:
9196:
9192:
9191:
9186:
9184:
9177:Zoroastrianism
9173:
9172:
9167:
9165:
9154:
9153:
9148:
9146:
9135:
9134:
9129:
9127:
9116:
9115:
9113:
9112:
9107:
9101:
9099:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9076:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9045:
9043:
9032:
9031:
9026:
9024:
9013:
9012:
9007:
9005:
8994:
8993:
8991:
8990:
8985:
8979:
8977:
8966:
8965:
8960:
8958:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8912:
8910:
8899:
8898:
8893:
8891:
8880:
8879:
8872:
8871:
8864:
8857:
8849:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8836:
8822:
8802:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8793:
8792:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8775:non-Christian
8773:
8772:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8731:
8724:
8717:
8712:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8671:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8633:
8631:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8621:
8616:
8615:
8614:
8609:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8560:
8550:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8533:
8532:
8531:
8521:
8516:
8515:
8514:
8509:
8498:
8496:
8490:
8489:
8487:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8474:Shulchan Aruch
8471:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8462:Sefer Yetzirah
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8442:Pardes Rimonim
8439:
8432:Kabbalah texts
8429:
8428:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8376:
8370:
8368:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8244:
8242:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8227:
8225:Land of Israel
8222:
8221:
8220:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8199:
8198:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8150:
8149:
8138:
8136:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8126:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8103:
8101:Judeo-Alsatian
8093:
8092:
8091:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8022:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7953:Judeo-Hamedani
7950:
7945:
7940:
7930:
7928:Judaeo-Occitan
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7887:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7869:Jewish English
7866:
7861:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7800:Judaeo-Aramaic
7797:
7796:
7795:
7790:
7788:Judeo-Tunisian
7785:
7780:
7778:Judeo-Moroccan
7775:
7774:
7773:
7771:Judeo-Baghdadi
7758:
7753:
7748:
7747:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7675:
7673:
7661:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7627:
7622:
7620:Livornese Jews
7617:
7607:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7477:
7467:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7423:
7422:
7421:
7416:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7367:Afrikaner-Jode
7358:
7356:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7335:
7334:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7288:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7230:
7228:
7222:
7221:
7219:
7218:
7213:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7192:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7169:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7120:
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7105:External links
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6753:. p. 10.
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6651:Duran, Solomon
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6378:www.chabad.org
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5580:Reform Judaism
5571:
5535:
5533:, "community".
5369:
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5332:Judaism portal
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4151:Jeshuat Israel
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4058:, Steep Hill,
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3010:Main article:
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2923:Land of Israel
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2829:Holy of Holies
2799:Sephardic Jews
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2498:Gothic Revival
2450:Kaifeng, China
2434:Main article:
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2373:Gospel of John
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2086:Land of Israel
2082:Aegean Islands
2062:fourth century
2014:
2011:
1997:
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1915:Mosaic in the
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1866:in the south.
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1769:Late antiquity
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1522:Land of Israel
1451:
1448:
1400:"community").
1390:Romaniote Jews
1364:Ashkenazi Jews
1362:in Jerusalem.
1350:-derived word
1331:
1328:
1289:, such as the
1228:Hebrew studies
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1038:Related topics
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8759:Protestantism
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8447:Sefer HaBahir
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8374:Sifrei Kodesh
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8237:
8231:
8230:Who is a Jew?
8228:
8226:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
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8201:
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8162:
8160:
8159:Chosen people
8157:
8155:
8152:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8135:
8131:
8125:
8122:
8116:
8115:Scots-Yiddish
8113:
8109:
8108:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8094:
8090:
8089:
8088:Klezmer-loshn
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8064:
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8018:
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8001:
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7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7964:
7961:
7959:
7958:Judeo-Shirazi
7956:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7933:Judeo-Persian
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7923:Judeo-Marathi
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7907:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7901:Judeo-Italian
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7798:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7756:Judeo-Amazigh
7754:
7752:
7749:
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7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
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7725:
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7697:
7695:
7692:
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7687:
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7674:
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7666:
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7645:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7636:
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7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
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7618:
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7612:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7591:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7579:Hadhrami Jews
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7544:Mountain Jews
7542:
7540:
7539:Egyptian Jews
7537:
7535:
7534:Bukharan Jews
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
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7485:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7459:
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7455:
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7446:
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7441:
7437:
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7424:
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7410:
7407:
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7400:
7398:
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7390:
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7385:
7383:
7380:
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7373:
7370:
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7364:
7363:
7360:
7359:
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7355:
7351:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7322:Lists of Jews
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
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7285:
7281:
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7260:
7257:
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7242:
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7237:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7223:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7190:
7185:
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7178:
7176:
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7167:
7161:
7158:
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7153:
7151:
7148:
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7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7130:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7113:
7109:
7108:
7098:
7096:9780956170347
7092:
7088:
7087:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7047:
7028:on 2014-09-20
7027:
7023:
7017:
7009:
7003:
6996:. planetware.
6995:
6989:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6962:
6955:
6947:
6946:
6938:
6929:
6915:
6913:9780549818977
6909:
6905:
6904:
6896:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6869:
6861:
6860:
6855:
6848:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6827:
6819:
6818:
6813:
6806:
6797:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6781:Alan F. Segal
6777:
6770:
6768:
6762:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6730:
6727:
6721:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6682:
6681:www.thejc.com
6678:
6672:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6620:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6579:965-17-0137-4
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6559:
6553:
6549:
6548:Israel Museum
6544:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6514:
6507:
6499:
6498:Hil. Tefillah
6495:
6491:
6486:
6472:
6468:
6462:
6455:
6452:
6447:
6440:
6437:
6432:
6425:
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6403:
6399:
6393:
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6351:
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6330:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6311:
6310:
6301:
6293:
6291:9780198147855
6287:
6283:
6276:
6269:
6268:9780830828449
6258:
6256:9780830828449
6252:
6248:
6247:
6239:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6211:
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6200:
6184:
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6139:
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6131:
6129:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6109:
6105:
6104:
6103:Mishneh Torah
6099:
6094:
6081:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6040:
6034:
6020:
6016:
6010:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5968:0-394-43542-7
5964:
5960:
5959:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5933:0-300-07475-1
5929:
5925:
5924:
5916:
5909:
5903:
5894:
5886:
5884:0-88125-372-3
5880:
5876:
5869:
5861:
5855:
5851:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5832:0-88125-372-3
5828:
5824:
5817:
5809:
5807:0-88125-372-3
5803:
5799:
5792:
5778:on 2015-09-24
5777:
5773:
5766:
5758:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5739:
5731:
5724:
5716:
5712:
5706:
5702:
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5693:
5685:
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5675:
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5648:
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5635:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5605:
5599:
5595:
5581:
5575:
5568:
5567:
5559:
5539:
5532:
5530:
5519:
5517:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5491:
5482:
5470:
5456:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5409:
5374:
5370:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5336:
5333:
5322:
5319:
5313:
5308:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5253:
5249:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5200:
5197:
5196:New York City
5193:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5174:
5173:David Ascalon
5170:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5143:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5120:
5116:
5113:Synagogue of
5109:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5040:
5036:
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5025:
5021:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4924:
4920:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4827:
4822:
4811:
4807:
4806:Baal Shem Tov
4800:
4795:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4605:
4600:
4597:, Netherlands
4596:
4592:
4585:
4580:
4577:, Netherlands
4576:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4508:
4505:, Switzerland
4504:
4497:
4492:
4489:, Switzerland
4488:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4453:Kristallnacht
4450:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4429:New Synagogue
4423:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4354:Kristallnacht
4351:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:Algerian Jews
4243:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:Nahum Meltzer
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:Toledo, Spain
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:Kristallnacht
4166:
4162:
4161:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4136:New York City
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3981:Old Synagogue
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3903:
3899:
3898:Temple Israel
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3886:Syrian Jewish
3883:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:Reform Temple
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:synagogue in
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:North America
3805:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3693:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3614:The Synagogue
3611:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3532:
3528:
3527:Choral Temple
3524:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3372:
3371:Kristallnacht
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3186:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3128:
3116:
3115:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2945:Special seats
2942:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2846:Eternal Light
2843:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2725:Old Synagogue
2723:Bimah of the
2722:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:Bimah of the
2696:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2680:Bimah of the
2676:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2510:Mayan Revival
2507:
2503:
2502:Greek Revival
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:Neo-Byzantine
2483:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:Rev. 2:9; 3:9
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:New Testament
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2292:Synagogue of
2291:
2290:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:Mount Gerizim
2143:
2140:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2007:
2002:
1990:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1653:New Testament
1643:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:, notably in
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:Sephardi Jews
1383:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:Jewish prayer
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
981:
975:
974:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:Rosh Hashanah
934:
933:
929:
923:
922:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
852:
846:
845:
838:
835:
833:
830:
829:
824:
823:
819:
817:
816:
812:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
743:
742:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
684:
680:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
623:
617:
616:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
595:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
574:
570:
569:
565:
564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
493:
492:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
420:
414:
413:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
360:Mishneh Torah
358:
357:
353:
347:
346:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
316:
313:
312:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
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291:
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285:
282:
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277:
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272:
271:
269:
266:
265:
261:
255:
254:
247:
244:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
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202:
196:
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188:
185:
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178:
175:
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161:
158:
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151:
150:
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140:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
122:
119:
118:
114:
108:
107:
103:
97:
91:
87:
86:
83:
80:
79:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:New York City
60:
56:
50:
43:
36:
34:
19:
9261:
9227:Sacred space
9212:Architecture
9110:Magic circle
9027:
8951:Christianity
8884:Baháʼí Faith
8824:
8817:
8803:
8726:
8719:
8707:
8690:
8673:
8606:
8507:perspectives
8341:Samaritanism
8302:Neo-Hasidism
8282:Conservative
8196:Names of God
8105:
8086:
7896:Judaeo-Greek
7891:Judeo-Gascon
7830:Lishán Didán
7825:Lishana Deni
7793:Judeo-Yemeni
7761:Judeo-Arabic
7635:Meshuchrarim
7554:Persian Jews
7487:Kurdish Jews
7465:Kaifeng Jews
7414:Beta Abraham
7377:Galitzianers
7332:Antisemitism
7307:Israeli Jews
7292:Assimilation
7131:at Wikiquote
7085:
7056:
7030:. Retrieved
7026:the original
7016:
7008:"Vilna Shul"
7002:
6988:
6980:the original
6969:
6960:
6954:
6944:
6937:
6928:
6917:. Retrieved
6902:
6895:
6884:. Retrieved
6878:
6868:
6857:
6847:
6841:(in Hebrew).
6836:
6826:
6820:(in Hebrew).
6815:
6805:
6796:
6791:, 1986, 125.
6784:
6776:
6766:
6764:
6746:
6740:
6720:
6709:. Retrieved
6705:
6696:
6685:. Retrieved
6680:
6671:
6654:
6645:
6628:
6619:
6603:
6599:
6595:Cairo Geniza
6587:Baba Metzi'a
6586:
6566:
6563:Joseph Kafih
6558:
6543:
6535:
6529:
6519:13 September
6517:. Retrieved
6506:
6497:
6494:Mishne Torah
6485:
6474:. Retrieved
6470:
6461:
6453:
6446:
6438:
6431:
6423:
6416:
6405:. Retrieved
6401:
6392:
6381:. Retrieved
6377:
6368:
6357:. Retrieved
6353:
6344:
6332:. Retrieved
6308:
6300:
6281:
6275:
6267:
6260:. Retrieved
6245:
6238:
6213:
6209:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6183:the original
6178:
6107:
6101:
6093:
6083:, retrieved
6069:
6043:. Retrieved
6033:
6022:. Retrieved
6018:
6009:
5998:. Retrieved
5994:
5985:
5957:
5950:
5922:
5915:
5907:
5902:
5893:
5874:
5868:
5848:
5841:
5822:
5816:
5797:
5791:
5780:. Retrieved
5776:the original
5765:
5745:
5738:
5729:
5723:
5714:
5699:
5692:
5683:
5668:
5661:
5641:
5634:
5627:Pocket Books
5620:
5612:
5606:. June 2023.
5598:
5574:
5538:
5526:
5513:
5373:
4324:
4275:
4004:Malabar Jews
3863:seats 1,500.
3291:World War II
3225:
3224:
3180:
3170:
3152:
3140:
3138:
3108:
3088:
3080:
3073:
3050:
3046:
3015:
2985:
2959:
2948:
2932:
2908:
2899:
2867:
2818:
2807:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2760:
2657:
2655:
2515:
2504:. There are
2478:Neoclassical
2474:
2472:structures.
2468:are typical
2447:
2439:
2397:
2362:
2359:Christianity
2276:Thessaloniki
2249:
2194:Torah shrine
2155:
2150:Temple Mount
2141:
2129:
2113:
2104:
2099:
2088:and ancient
2075:
2070:
2053:
2030:
2016:
1881:
1873:
1809:
1799:(modern-day
1785:Dura-Europos
1766:
1649:
1640:
1633:
1590:
1573:
1561:
1537:
1515:
1468:
1443:
1439:
1436:Mizrahi Jews
1425:
1422:Karaite Jews
1418:Persian Jews
1397:
1393:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1319:
1283:Persian Jews
1267:
1232:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1167:Exterior of
1070:Anti-Judaism
1065:Antisemitism
1010:Samaritanism
988:Christianity
889:Shehecheyanu
820:
813:
806:
799:
794:Four species
701:Pidyon haben
655:Rosh yeshiva
566:
459:Beth midrash
453:
405:Noahide laws
148:Conservative
32:
8749:Catholicism
8331:Hellenistic
8169:Eschatology
8107:Lachoudisch
8032:Lotegorisch
8010:Lachoudisch
8000:Koiné Greek
7913:Judeo-Latin
7850:Palestinian
7744:Palestinian
7593:Mustaʿravim
7519:Afghan Jews
7507:Berber Jews
7431:Bene Israel
7419:Falash Mura
7409:Beta Israel
7327:Persecution
7269:Middle Ages
6859:The Forward
6467:"Sculpture"
6334:1 September
6262:1 September
6189:2 September
5542:Pronounced
5422:Koinē Greek
5377:Pronounced
5265:, Australia
5135:Neve Yaakov
5115:Târgu Mureș
4817: 1915
4812:, Ukraine (
4808:'s shul in
4631:Szombathely
4629:Synagogue,
4227:Six-Day War
4223:Arab Legion
4118: 1680
4097:in the U.S.
4082:in the U.S.
4056:Jew's Court
4008:Tipu Sultan
3957:The oldest
3832:Kiryas Joel
3426:Scandinavia
3413:Netherlands
3210:, Jerusalem
3127:shtiebelekh
2787:Aron Kodesh
2611:, US (1959)
2609:Elkins Park
2314:Tell Qasile
2206:end of time
2142:Orientation
2124:instead of
2114:Orthography
2034:Koinē Greek
1932:Kfar Bar'am
1900:Christendom
1894:and in the
1870:Middle Ages
1542:Koinē Greek
1501:during the
1434:, and some
1348:Koine Greek
1342:bet knesset
1330:Terminology
1313:, singular
1291:shtiebelekh
1235:consecrated
754:Sefer Torah
716:Bereavement
696:Zeved habat
479:Holy Temple
419:Holy cities
153:Conservadox
9282:Synagogues
9276:Categories
9249:Sun temple
9222:Cult image
8744:Anabaptism
8686:Jew (word)
8553:Leadership
8366:Literature
8351:Secularism
8297:Humanistic
8164:Conversion
8134:Philosophy
7975:Judeo-Urdu
7739:Babylonian
7584:Saada Jews
7569:Adeni Jews
7362:Ashkenazim
7317:Samaritans
7284:Population
7239:Israelites
7032:2014-12-07
6919:2014-12-07
6886:2008-03-12
6735:, Aish.com
6711:2020-01-27
6687:2022-01-15
6637:1284902315
6490:Maimonides
6476:2021-03-01
6407:2019-05-30
6383:2019-05-30
6359:2019-10-12
6317:. p.
6098:Maimonides
6085:2024-05-06
6045:2020-07-11
6024:2020-07-11
6000:2020-07-11
5782:2008-06-16
5625:, © 1968;
5617:Leo Rosten
5590:References
5469:bēṯ təfilā
5082:, Bulgaria
4810:Medzhybizh
4332:Vilna Shul
4280:Willemstad
4261:Bridgetown
2955:Brit milah
2379:) and the
2325:Beth Alpha
2198:Tabernacle
2156:Decoration
2135:Άργαρίζειν
2008:circa 1920
1876:Maimonides
1836:Beth Alpha
1597:Samaritans
1574:proseukhái
1570:Septuagint
1538:proseukhái
1530:Alexandria
1310:shtibelekh
1212:Samaritans
941:Yom Kippur
484:Tabernacle
229:Chosenness
201:Philosophy
182:Humanistic
9232:Sanctuary
9120:Shintoism
9069:Mandaeism
8806:indicate
8754:Mormonism
8739:Christian
8619:Symbolism
8607:Synagogue
8587:Mythology
8548:Education
8519:Astronomy
8502:Astrology
8319:relations
8124:Zarphatic
8072:Galitzish
7874:Yeshivish
7751:Catalanic
7714:Samaritan
7689:Ashkenazi
7670:Diasporic
7665:Languages
7610:Sephardim
7605:Romaniote
7492:Krymchaks
7426:Desi Jews
7302:Buddhists
7129:Synagogue
7117:Synagogue
6751:Artscroll
6663:233235765
6222:0021-2059
5977:861644287
5490:romanized
5461:בית תפילה
5211:Byzantine
5192:Manhattan
5139:Jerusalem
5117:, Romania
5101:, Romania
5099:Bucharest
4977:, Ukraine
4937:synagogue
4887:Jerusalem
4854:, Ukraine
4633:, Hungary
4617:, Hungary
4595:Amsterdam
4575:Amsterdam
4525:, Finland
4474:, Germany
4435:, Germany
4395:, Tunisia
4379:, Tunisia
4357:visitors)
4265:hurricane
4219:Jerusalem
3959:Samaritan
3945:, 244 CE.
3674:Australia
3531:Bucharest
3517:Timișoara
3506:Timișoara
3345:, Hungary
3241:, Ukraine
3167:Pharisees
3163:antiquity
3133:shtiebels
2939:Sephardic
2935:Ashkenazi
2919:Babylonia
2872:ner tamid
2863:Gibraltar
2855:Ner tamid
2810:Jerusalem
2783:ארון קודש
2779:Torah Ark
2773:Torah Ark
2749:Abu Dhabi
2743:Bimah of
2721:Cast-iron
2442:blueprint
2393:James 2:2
2298:Sha'alvim
2186:showbread
2071:euktērion
2067:εὑκτήριον
2054:prosukhái
2050:προσευχαί
2031:proseukhē
2019:Samaritan
1896:Holy Land
1892:Babylonia
1848:Nabratein
1840:Maoz Haim
1828:Capernaum
1777:Byzantine
1562:proseukhē
1546:προσευχαί
1465:, Tunisia
1420:and some
1352:synagogue
1304:romanized
1279:Romaniote
1271:Sephardic
1196:synagogue
1175:, Finland
1159:, England
1157:Liverpool
1060:Criticism
1025:Pluralism
1003:Mormonism
909:Kol Nidre
683:education
608:Acharonim
454:Synagogue
431:Jerusalem
113:Movements
33:Synagogue
9150:Gurdwara
9088:Paganism
8970:Hinduism
8903:Buddhism
8819:Category
8789:Hinduism
8779:Buddhism
8681:Genetics
8597:Politics
8570:Marriage
8529:Holidays
8524:Calendar
8405:Rabbinic
8381:/Hebrew
8326:Haymanot
8253:Orthodox
8240:Branches
8213:Kabbalah
8208:Haskalah
8186:Holiness
8062:dialects
8042:Shassagh
8005:Krymchak
7985:Kayliñña
7879:Yinglish
7855:Galilean
7845:Talmudic
7840:Biblical
7815:Betanure
7734:Biblical
7729:Mishnaic
7724:Medieval
7709:Tiberian
7704:Yemenite
7694:Sephardi
7630:Paradesi
7574:Ḥabbanim
7564:Teimanim
7529:Baghdadi
7502:Maghrebi
7470:Karaites
7448:Gruzínim
7436:Kochinim
7354:Diaspora
7312:Karaites
7297:Atheists
7234:Timeline
6729:Archived
6515:. Chabad
6230:27926350
5942:40408825
5450:בית כנסת
5434:synagogē
5426:συναγωγή
5304:See also
5250:, Sweden
5022:, Israel
5007:, Israel
4921:, Turkey
4770:, Serbia
4768:Novi Sad
4750:, Serbia
4748:Subotica
4731:, Serbia
4729:Belgrade
4712:, Poland
4696:, Poland
4615:Budapest
4559:Santiago
4545:, Russia
4257:Barbados
4215:Old City
4196:Alhambra
3930:, Turkey
3882:New York
3878:Brooklyn
3798:Subotica
3745:Budapest
3604:Sarajevo
3586:Bulgaria
3343:Budapest
3171:chavurot
3153:chavurot
3142:chavurah
3114:shtiebel
3020:mechitza
3012:mechitza
2963:Chorazin
2894:Sarajevo
2835:parochet
2785:
2731:, Poland
2571:Deventer
2462:Budapest
2430:in China
2412:Nazareth
2280:Syracuse
2254:Diaspora
2190:trumpets
2105:Alphabet
2038:προσευχή
2027:Diaspora
1886:and the
1852:Eshtemoa
1797:Hispania
1677:Herodium
1628:Budapest
1582:Josephus
1558:προσευχή
1483:Passover
1413:sinagoga
1338:term is
1299:שטיבעלעך
1275:Yemenite
1216:weddings
1173:Helsinki
1090:Muhammad
993:Hinduism
966:Hanukkah
904:Tachanun
899:Havdalah
764:Tefillin
711:Marriage
603:Rishonim
589:Savoraim
446:Tiberias
395:Tzedakah
315:Rabbinic
214:Kabbalah
187:Haymanot
121:Orthodox
74:a series
72:Part of
9139:Sikhism
9059:Gongbei
9017:Judaism
8998:Jainism
8921:Chaitya
8804:Italics
8629:Studies
8575:Divorce
8541:Kashrut
8536:Cuisine
8494:Culture
8425:Midrash
8420:Tosefta
8410:Mishnah
8398:Ketuvim
8393:Nevi'im
8356:Schisms
8346:Science
8336:Karaite
8307:Renewal
8268:Litvaks
8263:Hasidic
8218:Sefirot
8203:Halakha
8174:Messiah
8147:Mitzvah
8142:Beliefs
8096:Western
8082:Poylish
8077:Litvish
8067:Eastern
8057:Yiddish
8052:Shuadit
8037:Qwareña
8025:Tetuani
8020:Haketia
7995:Knaanic
7990:Kivruli
7938:Bukhori
7884:Heblish
7820:Hulaulá
7810:Barzani
7766:Yahudic
7699:Mizrahi
7559:Urfalim
7514:Mizrahi
7458:Neofiti
7453:Italkim
7382:Lita'im
7274:Zionism
7226:History
7200:Judaism
7062:Seattle
7054:(ed.).
6976:"Delos"
6602:." (v.
5492::
5481:Yiddish
5477:
5457:
5442:
5420:. From
5131:caravan
5067:, Spain
5052:, Spain
5037:, Spain
4992:, Italy
4957:, India
4935:Karaite
4852:Kherson
4561:, Chile
4472:Cologne
4362:Gallery
4350:Görlitz
4314:frescos
4284:Curaçao
4213:of the
4192:Mudéjar
4188:Castile
3998:in the
3651:Tunisia
3521:Romania
3495:Romania
3378:Germany
3356:Austria
3321:Hungary
3302:Włodawa
3226:Ukraine
3095:library
3069:halakha
3065:Shabbat
3057:Hamburg
3000:Tunisia
2992:Morocco
2967:Galilee
2915:Maghreb
2905:Seating
2878:נר תמיד
2857:of the
2791:heikhal
2688:, Italy
2686:Saluzzo
2458:mudéjar
2408:Messiah
2406:as the
2363:In the
2339:Sebaste
2332:Samaria
2237:of the
2231:Mikvehs
2188:table,
2090:Samaria
2080:in the
2045:
1888:Maghreb
1812:Galilee
1767:During
1700:is the
1694:Modi'in
1683:Magdala
1586:Antioch
1553:
1509:in the
1487:Shavuot
1450:History
1432:Aramaic
1368:Yiddish
1356:English
1306::
1295:Yiddish
1251:Mishnah
1247:Halakha
1050:Zionism
956:Shavuot
874:Kaddish
851:Prayers
784:Menorah
779:Mezuzah
769:Tzitzit
724:Yeshiva
679:Culture
584:Amoraim
579:Tannaim
550:Rebecca
538:Solomon
506:Abraham
385:Kashrut
336:Tosefta
331:Midrash
321:Mishnah
303:Piyutim
284:Ketuvim
279:Nevi'im
219:Messiah
177:Renewal
167:Karaite
132:Hasidic
82:Judaism
9244:Temple
9237:Shrine
9217:Asylum
9158:Taoism
9090:&
9054:Dargah
9049:Mosque
8962:Church
8926:Pagoda
8612:Hazzan
8602:Prayer
8479:Siddur
8415:Talmud
8379:Tanakh
8314:Neolog
8287:Reform
8275:Modern
8258:Haredi
8181:Ethics
8047:Shassi
8015:Ladino
7980:Karaim
7963:Juhuri
7805:Targum
7719:Signed
7684:Modern
7679:Hebrew
7647:Xuetes
7443:Dönmeh
7402:Yekkes
7093:
7072:
6910:
6757:
6661:
6635:
6577:
6454:Chabad
6325:
6288:
6253:
6228:
6220:
6106:(Hil.
6076:
5975:
5965:
5940:
5930:
5881:
5856:
5829:
5804:
5753:
5707:
5676:
5649:
5516:esnoga
5510:אסנוגה
5505:אשנוגה
5501:Ladino
5446:Hebrew
5417:-ə-gog
4710:Bobowa
4654:Prague
4646:Gothic
4433:Berlin
4413:Europe
4311:zodiac
4093:, the
4078:, the
4041:Kerala
4000:Kerala
3985:Erfurt
3939:Fresco
3928:Sardis
3828:Satmar
3776:Szeged
3734:Europe
3713:Israel
3668:Djerba
3537:Serbia
3367:Vienna
3283:Warsaw
3276:Poland
3246:Russia
3221:Europe
3201:(2000)
3189:Israel
3165:, the
3158:חבורות
3151:, pl.
3124:, pl.
2996:Djerba
2951:Elijah
2921:, the
2913:, the
2767:hazzan
2729:Kraków
2626:(1982)
2533:Aleppo
2500:, and
2470:Gothic
2466:Prague
2349:Nablus
2321:Beisan
2294:Salbit
2270:Tarsus
2223:Sukkot
2200:, the
2182:shofar
2168:Helios
2164:zodiac
2006:Nablus
1951:Europe
1862:, and
1844:Meroth
1832:Bar'am
1698:Latrun
1671:Masada
1601:Israel
1491:Sukkot
1463:Djerba
1427:kenesa
1407:esnoga
1380:schola
1336:Hebrew
1320:shtibl
1255:minyan
1204:temple
1190:, Iran
1188:Tehran
1055:Israel
951:Pesach
946:Sukkot
894:Hallel
879:Minyan
869:Aleinu
864:Amidah
837:Gartel
832:Kittel
815:Hadass
789:Shofar
774:Kippah
759:Tallit
734:Cheder
729:Kollel
645:Hazzan
598:Geonim
573:Chazal
555:Rachel
469:Sukkah
464:Mikveh
441:Hebron
423:places
400:Niddah
390:Tzniut
326:Talmud
298:Siddur
293:Ḥumash
268:Tanakh
224:Ethics
160:Reform
139:Modern
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