295:(JAS) agreed to sponsor the project, and declared that the Japanese House should be donated by Japan as a gift to American people in order to promote the cultural exchange. Sponsored by both the private sector and the government, the JAS raised a total of ¥18.5 million ($ 51,000 at the exchange rate of ¥360/$ in 1953) from 270 corporations and individuals. The National Forestry Agency of Japan granted special permission to harvest the wood, particularly "hinoki" cypress wood, which was in short supply.
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design of Kojo-in to fit in the courtyard of MoMA and added a kitchen, bath and tea house to create a functional house. He created neither a replica of Kojo-in, nor an original building but a design that would help the
American public understand Japanese traditional architecture. The tea house was modeled after the famous tea house "Masu-doko-no-seki" in Juko-in, subtemple of
383:. Following the fair, it was purchased and relocated to Fairmount Park. Also known as the "Japanese Pagoda", the area surrounding it was landscaped with a Japanese garden and lotus pond in 1909, funded by John T. Morris. A fire completely destroyed the Temple Gate on the evening of May 6, 1955, and thereby, as fate would have it, creating an ideal site for Shofuso.
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shipped to New York. The reassembly team led by architect
Yoshimura arrived at New York in March, 1954 and completed the construction mid-June with help of a cadre of Hawaiian Nisei carpenters. The inaugural ceremony was held on June 17, 1954, and Shofuso was opened to the public on June 19. Japanese prime minister
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visited
Shofuso in November 1954, escorted by John D. and Blanchette Rockefeller. The American public was impressed with the beauty of natural wood, simple interior design, and the house's flexible plan. The exhibit was closed on October 16, 1955, after attracting almost a quarter of million visitors
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Pre-assembly of the house began in
January 1953 at Ito's workshop in Nagoya, and was completed a year later, using the traditional Japanese method of building, which minimizes the use of structural nails, employing various joineries through the use of hand tools. The house was then disassembled and
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raised ¥55 million ($ 180 thousand at the exchange rate of ¥308/$ ) to fund a complete major restoration of the house and garden in June 1976. In order to continue preservation and maintenance of
Shofuso, a non-profit organization, the Friends of the Japanese House & Garden was incorporated in
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in
Richmond, Virginia. During the 1957 installation of his new garden designed to accommodate Shofuso after its move from New York, Tansai Sano modified the design by installing a waterfall and adding new planting scheme. In 1976, at the time of major restoration, Ken Nakajima further modified it
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alcove, and (4) chodai-gamae (built-in ornamental doorway). It was built following set of standards that determined the proportions of each element of the building. Following these guidelines, carpenters and builders could achieve an overall architectural harmony. Architect
Yoshimura modified the
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MoMA received a number of inquiries on the possibility of permanent exhibition of
Shofuso. The final decision was to offer Shofuso as a gift to the Fairmount Park Commission in Philadelphia, a decision likely inspired by the presence of the Japanese garden in the park. In 1958, the carpenter,
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Shofuso was built in 1953 as a gift from Japan to
American citizens, to symbolize post-war peace and friendship between the two countries. The building was constructed using traditional Japanese techniques and materials imported from Japan, and was originally exhibited in the courtyard of the
326:. The 11th generation master carpenter, Heizaemon Ito was chosen to oversee the construction. Ito's family has been master carpenter of Lord Tokugawa, the shogunate family that ruled Japan throughout the Edo period (1600-1868), since the 17th century.
238:(MoMA) in New York. After two years, it was relocated to Philadelphia and reconstructed in 1958. In 1976, a major restoration was conducted by a cadre of Japanese artisans in preparation for the American Bicentennial celebration. In 2007, contemporary
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Shofuso is the first and only place in the United States to house a combination of
Japanese contemporary art in the background of traditional Japanese architecture. The City of Philadelphia dedicated Senju's murals on April 27, 2007, and Mayor
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offered to donate twenty murals to Shofuso. Senju's murals depict waterfalls in a custom "Shofuso color" created by blending colors extracted from the elements in the house and garden. The paintings were rendered on
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Okumura, and the gardener, Sano, who had built Shofuso at MoMA, returned from Japan to reconstruct Shofuso on the new site. The present setting of Shofuso was opened to the public on October 19, 1958.
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contacted the Consulate General of Japan in New York to inquire about the possibility restoring Shofuso for the 1976 Bicentennial Celebration. The
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named Shofuso the third-ranked Japanese garden in North America in 2004, 2008, and 2013 out of more than 300 Japanese gardens in North America
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temple for six generations. Eighty main stones were shipped from the old temple, which was located in central Japan. The original garden at
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of 1876. Shofuso is a nonprofit historic site with over 30,000 visitors each year and is open to the public for visitation and group tours.
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in two seasons, approximately three times as many visitors as the two previous MoMA House and Garden exhibits (a 1949 house by architect
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in the Western house and traditional Japanese architecture and proposed to build a Japanese house as the third exhibit of the series.
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house for the exhibit since that style most typically represents Japanese traditional architecture. The Committee unanimously chose
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Charles A. Evers “Nio-mon – The Japanese Temple Gate in Fairmount Park” – Historic Guide to Philadelphia & Japan, pp. 29-32.
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MoMA initiated their series of "House in the Garden" exhibitions in the courtyard of the Museum in 1949. Architectural director
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Fischer, Felice, “Japan and the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition” – Historic Guide to Philadelphia & Japan, p23-25
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was built by Y. Muto for the temple gate in 1909. Muto also built the Water and Hill Garden and Hill-Cloud Garden at
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Over the years, Shofuso fell into disrepair due to lack of maintenance. In 1975, Philadelphia Mayor
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Junzo Yoshimura, “Overseeing Construction of Shofuso”, Japan-America Society Special Bulletin,1954
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Arthur Drexler, Letter to Takashi Komatsu, president of the Japan-America Society, March 20, 1953
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February 1982. The nonprofit administered Shofuso from 1982 to 2016, when it merged with the
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A special Rockefeller Architectural Committee was formed and recommended a 17th-century
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to design the house. Yoshimura had worked for Czech-born American modernist architect,
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McCarty, Yukiko Yanagida, Shoin-zukuri in Philadelphia, The East, Vol 42 No.1 P15-21
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sliding doors of Shofuso at MoMA were decorated with murals painted in black ink by
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829:"shofuso and japan america society merger strengthens japanese roots in philly"
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Letter from Ambassador Nobuyuki Nakajima to Mayor Frank Rizzo, February 5, 1976
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Shofuso's garden at MoMA was designed by Tansai Sano, a landscape architect in
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created and donated an interior installation of twenty waterfall murals.
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for nine years in Tokyo and spent in 1940 a year in Raymond's office in
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Shofuso was modeled after the guest house of Kojo-in, a sub-temple of
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Arthur Drexler, Memorandum to the Museum of Modern Art, April 9, 1953
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Fujioka Hiroyasu, “Shofuso” Shinkentiku November, 2004, p. 145-151.
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Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia
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Melissa Ozawa, “Field Trip” House & Garden, October 2007, p119
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Takashi Komatsu, Report of the Special Committee on Shofuso, 1954
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and is administered, maintained, preserved, and operated by the
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whose family had been caretakers of the famous dry garden in
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The Journal of Japanese garden, November/December 2008, p22
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Letter from d’Harnoncourt to David Marder, January 25, 1956
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architecture; (1) attached desk, (2) staggered shelf, (3)
934:"The Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania"
912:"The Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania"
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Bright haze looking at the waterfall from the Tea Garden
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Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library
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Horticultural and Lansdowne Drs. West Fairmount Park,
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Subaru Cherry Blossom Festival of Greater Philadelphia
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United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
468:issued a proclamation naming April 27 "Senju Day".
1846:Relocated buildings and structures in Pennsylvania
865:Ozawa, Y. “Story of Shofuso” December, 2010 p45-51
27:Traditional Japanese garden in Philadelphia, U.S.
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1292:Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
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460:specially fabricated by a master paper maker.
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255:Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia
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875:Masuda, Leo. Architecture in Shiga website
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696:Philadelphia Register of Historic Places
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44:Bright blue sky over the Japanese House.
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1796:Historic house museums in Philadelphia
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901:Ono, Yotaro, Life of Sano Tansai, 2007
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277:recognized the correspondence between
197:Heizaemon Ito, 11th (Master carpenter)
81:Horticultural and Lansdowne Drs. West
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1509:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
1427:Independence National Historical Park
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371:was a c.1600 Japanese building from
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1727:2016 Democratic National Convention
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686:List of houses in Fairmount Park
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249:Shofuso is owned by the city of
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956:"Japanese Garden - Maymont"
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769:"Nio-Mon, or Temple Gate,"
387:Relocation to Philadelphia
324:Bucks County, Pennsylvania
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287:, then-president of the
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1499:National Liberty Museum
788:The Philly History Blog
375:first exhibited at the
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179:Design and construction
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1269:Southwest Philadelphia
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998:Hiroshi Senju Website
637:April through October
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344:that exists today at
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228:Centennial Exposition
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236:Museum of Modern Art
1826:West Fairmount Park
1589:Woodmere Art Museum
1529:Please Touch Museum
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381:St. Louis, Missouri
369:Nio-Mon Temple Gate
364:Nio-Mon Temple Gate
356:Nio-Mon Temple Gate
226:on the site of the
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62:General information
1454:John Johnson House
1382:Franklin Institute
1264:South Philadelphia
1225:North Philadelphia
1132:Historic Landmarks
880:2013-05-11 at the
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416:Donation of murals
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132:39.9814°N 75.213°W
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1177:District Attorney
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1544:Rodin Museum
1377:Fort Mifflin
1192:Free Library
1172:City Council
1092:Demographics
1072:Bibliography
1067:Architecture
975:
964:. Retrieved
960:the original
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841:. Retrieved
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302:shoin-zukuri
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273:and curator
268:
257:, a private
251:Philadelphia
248:
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203:
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184:Architect(s)
93:Philadelphia
89:Town or city
71:Shoin-Zukuri
1668:Rittenhouse
1579:Penn Museum
1534:Powel House
1444:Insectarium
1252:River Wards
1235:Upper North
1230:Lower North
1220:Center City
1139:Skyscrapers
642:Designation
613:Tansai Sano
574: /
549:Coordinates
439:alcove and
397:Frank Rizzo
350:Gregory Ain
135: /
110:Coordinates
1780:Categories
1673:Washington
1594:Wyck House
1469:Lemon Hill
1154:Government
966:2016-03-02
843:2018-03-12
702:References
562:75°12′47″W
559:39°58′53″N
499:Daitoku-ji
494:toko-no-ma
265:Background
123:75°12′47″W
120:39°58′53″N
1162:City Hall
1102:Education
1077:Companies
590:1.2 acres
279:modernism
259:nonprofit
171:Renovated
163:Relocated
1755:Category
1658:Franklin
1632:Phillies
1627:Freedoms
1342:Cliveden
1055:Timeline
878:Archived
837:Archived
680:See also
657:Ryoan-ji
626:Visitors
610:Designer
533:Location
478:Mii-dera
435:tokonoma
208:Japanese
1682:Related
1646:Squares
1569:Stenton
1284:Museums
1182:Airport
1097:Economy
1087:Culture
1082:Cuisine
1050:History
669:Maymont
600: (
595:Created
242:artist
240:Nihonga
153: (
99:Country
78:Address
57:Shofuso
18:Shofuso
1765:Portal
1653:Centre
1622:Flyers
1617:Eagles
1604:Sports
1062:Accent
1043:Topics
629:18,000
505:Garden
443:fusuma
346:Kykuit
220:garden
148:Opened
1663:Logan
1637:Union
1612:76ers
1167:Mayor
1122:Riots
1112:Music
1107:Media
653:Kyoto
634:Open
602:1958
598:1958
587:Area
482:Ōtsu
431:The
218:and
174:1976
166:1958
155:1954
151:1954
1719:SS
379:in
212:松風荘
206:, (
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210::
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157:)
20:)
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