Shia Islam - Knowledge

4396: 3490: 2460: 3650: 2715:, God gives humans the faculty of reason and argument. Also, God orders humans to spend time thinking carefully on creation while he refers to all creations as his signs of power and glory. These signs encompass all of the universe. Furthermore, there is a similarity between humans as the little world and the universe as the large world. God does not accept the faith of those who follow him without thinking and only with imitation, but also God blames them for such actions. In other words, humans have to think about the universe with reason and intellect, a faculty bestowed on us by God. Since there is more insistence on the faculty of intellect among Shia Muslims, even evaluating the claims of someone who claims prophecy is on the basis of intellect. 7071: 3450: 3564: 3600: 4438: 4415: 6227: 3499: 6701: 5289: 7777:. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over 3199: 5358: 1949: 5319: 6453:. Born in 985 CE, he ascended as ruler at the age of eleven. When in 1021 CE his mule returned without him, soaked in blood, a religious group that was forming in his lifetime broke off from mainstream Ismāʿīlīsm and did not acknowledge his successor. Later to be known as the Druze, they believe Al-Ḥākim to be God incarnate and the prophesied Mahdi on Earth, who would one day return and bring justice to the world. The Druze faith further split from Ismāʿīlīsm as it developed into a distinct 5050: 4945: 5225: 4909: 23659: 18689: 3834: 63: 5118: 4744: 2032: 7292: 23669: 5191: 5079: 5019: 3255:". Some versions add the additional sentence "O God, befriend the friend of ʿAlī and be the enemy of his enemy". Sunnis maintain that Muhammad emphasized the deserving friendship and respect for ʿAlī. In contrast, Shia Muslims assert that the statement unequivocally designates ʿAlī as Muhammad's appointed successor. Shia sources also record further details of the event, such as stating that those present congratulated ʿAlī and acclaimed him as 5148: 4874: 4061: 6720: 5388: 5259: 4984: 4839: 4471: 5418: 4085: 2948: 2724: 4775: 4710: 4218: 3385: 4809: 18678: 7278: 1247: 4507: 7264: 594: 3294: 1840: 3481:) to him. ʿAlī's faction, having expected the caliphate to return to ʿAlī's line upon Muawiyah's death, saw this as a betrayal of the peace treaty and so Ḥusayn rejected this request for allegiance. There was a groundswell of support in Kufa for Ḥusayn to return there and take his position as caliph and Imam, so Ḥusayn collected his family and followers in Medina and set off for Kufa. 656: 6267:("Unrestricted Missionary") as representative of a hidden Imam. While there are many other branches with extremely differing exterior practices, much of the spiritual theology has remained the same since the days of the faith's early Imams. In recent centuries, Ismāʿīlīs have largely been an Indo-Iranian community, but they can also be found in 3646:) through Muhammad. According to this view peculiar to Shia Islam, there is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. ʿAlī was the first Imam of this line, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. 9148: 9266: 3745:

from Muhammad. ʿUmar is reported to have said: "Because you narrate hadith in large numbers from the Holy Prophet, you are fit only for attributing lies to him. (That is, one expects a wicked man like you to utter only lies about the Holy Prophet.) So you must stop narrating hadith from the Prophet;

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Under Muʼizz (955-975) the Fatimids reached the height of their glory, and the universal triumph of Isma ʻilism appeared not far distant. The fourth Fatimid Caliph is an attractive character: humane and generous, simple and just, he was a good administrator, tolerant and conciliatory. Served by one

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article states: "Nobody really knows the size of the Shia population in Nigeria. Credible estimates that its numbers range between 2 and 3 percent of Nigeria's population, which would amount to roughly four million." A 2019 BBC News article said that "Estimates of numbers vary wildly, ranging from

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Militarily established and holding control over the Umayyad government, many Sunnī rulers perceived the Shias as a threat—both to their political and religious authority. The Sunnī rulers under the Umayyad dynasty sought to marginalize the Shia minority, and later the Abbasids turned on their Shia

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Similarly, swords were also placed on the Idols, as it is related that Harith b. Abi Shamir, the Ghassanid king, had presented his two swords, called Mikhdham and Rasub, to the image of the goddess, Manat....to note that the famous sword of Ali, the fourth caliph, called Dhu-al-Fiqar, was one of

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place importance on a scholarly institution because of the existence of a present Imam. The Imam of the Age defines the jurisprudence, and his guidance may differ with Imams previous to him because of different times and circumstances. For Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, the current Imam is Karim al-Husayni

9156: 9274: 6536:("Unrestricted Missionary") to guide the community, in a similar manner as the Ismāʿīlīs had lived after the death of Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl. The latter denomination claims that the ruling Fatimid caliph was the Imam, and they died out with the fall of the Fatimid Empire. 3754:, to which Abu Hurairah belonged). According to Sunnī Muslims, ʿAlī was the fourth successor to Abū Bakr, while Shia Muslims maintain that ʿAlī was the first divinely sanctioned "Imam", or successor of Muhammad. The seminal event in Shia history is the martyrdom at the 2530:, do not believe in the idea of the Occultation. The groups which do believe in it differ as to which lineage of the Imamate is valid, and therefore which individual has gone into Occultation. They believe there are many signs that will indicate the time of his return. 2675:, and the tray on which Moses used to offer his offerings. With him is the name that whenever the Messenger of God would place it between the Muslims and pagans no arrow from the pagans would reach the Muslims. With him is the similar object that angels brought. 3238:, with many Western scholars positing that Shīʿīsm began as a political faction rather than a truly religious movement. Other scholars disagree, considering this concept of religious-political separation to be an anachronistic application of a Western concept. 6376:

of Ismāʿīlī history, by an anonymous author, there has been a chain of Imams since the beginning of time, and there will continue to be an Imam present on the Earth until the end of time. The worlds would not exist in perfection without this uninterrupted

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according to a famous hadith... 'our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places that we respect very much. The first is Mecca... second is Medina... third... is in Najaf. The fourth... in Kerbala. The last one belongs to...

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in 928 CE. Roughly forty years later, the Zaydī State was revived in Gilan and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126 CE. Afterwards, from the 12th to 13th centuries, the Zaydī Shias of Deylaman, Gilan, and Tabaristan then acknowledged the Zaydī

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Further, he claims that with him is the sword of the Messenger of God, his coat of arms, his Lamam (pennon) and his helmet. In addition, he mentions that with him is the flag of the Messenger of God, the victorious. With him is the Staff of

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does not presuppose the infallibility of the Imam, nor the belief that the Imams are supposed to receive divine guidance. Moreover, Zaydīs do not believe that the Imamate must pass from father to son but believe it can be held by any

3428:, e.g. during prayers, should be abandoned; Muawiyah should not use tax money for his own private needs; There should be peace, and followers of Ḥasan should be given security and their rights; Muawiyah will never adopt the title of 6092:, Shia Islam is inherently secular in the age of Occultation, therefore Islamist Shia Muslims had to borrow ideas from Sunnī Islamists and adjust them in accordance with the doctrine of Shīʿīsm. Its foundations were laid during the 10103: 8589: 4395: 12161: 4437: 4936:

Azerbaijan is majority Shia. A 2012 work noted that in Azerbaijan, among believers of all faiths, 10% identified as Sunni, 30% identified as Shia, and the remainder of followers of Islam simply identified as Muslim.

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as Muhammad's day of birth or death (because they assert that his birth and death both occur in this week), Shia Muslims celebrate Muhammad's birthday on the 17th of the month, which coincides with the birth date of

8715: 3797:, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver and Ismāʿīlī branches of Shia Islam, and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. 3419:

became leader of the Muslims of Kufa. After a series of skirmishes between the Kufa Muslims and the army of Muawiyah, Ḥasan ibn Ali agreed to cede the caliphate to Muawiyah and maintain peace among Muslims

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which today comprise most of Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and Pakistan. The Ilkhanate initially embraced many religions, but was particularly sympathetic to

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is considered to be comprehensive of the oral traditions of Muhammad and their implementation and interpretation by the Twelve Imams. There are three schools of Jaʿfari jurisprudence: Usuli, Akhbari, and

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with its own unique doctrines, and finally separated from both Ismāʿīlīsm and Islam altogether. Thus, the Druze do not identify themselves as Muslims, and are not considered as such by Muslims either.

10886: 11886: 3356:, a faction that had transformed from supporters to bitter rivals, at Nahrawan in 658. In 661, ʿAlī was assassinated by a Khariji assassin in Kufa while in the act of prostration during prayer ( 3471:, ʿAlī's younger son and brother to Ḥasan, initially resisted calls to lead the Muslims against Muawiyah and reclaim the caliphate. In 680 CE, Muawiyah died and passed the caliphate to his son 12464: 3528:, Ḥusayn and approximately 72 of his family members and followers were killed, and Husayn's head was delivered to Yazid in Damascus. The Shi'a community regard Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī as a martyr ( 11014: 5761:) and its esoteric meaning. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams are a guide and model for the Muslim community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and 3172:(8th century CE). The first Shia governments and societies were established by the end of the 9th century CE. The 10th century CE has been referred to by the scholar of Islamic studies 2853:

commemorates the suffering of the women and children of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī's household. After Ḥusayn was killed, they were marched over the desert, from Karbala (central Iraq) to Shaam (

2316:. Thus, they are the most pure ones, the only immaculate ones preserved from, and immune to, all uncleanness. It does not mean that supernatural powers prevent them from committing a 3892:, dressed in yellow robes with his head anointed. He will then join the Mahdi in his war against the Dajjal, where it is believed the Mahdi will slay the Dajjal and unite humankind. 10785: 10118: 2820:, which is the anniversary of the Ghadir Khum, the occasion when Muhammad announced Ali's Imamate before a multitude of Muslims. Eid al-Ghadeer is held on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 6173:

in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismāʿīlīsm further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning (

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Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. Most Shias (between 68% and 80%) live in just four countries: Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq.

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Estimates range from as low as 2% of Nigeria's Muslim population to as high as 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population. Some, but not all, Nigerian Shia are affiliated with the banned

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is often quoted to illustrate Muhammad's feeling towards ʿAlī and his family by both Sunnī and Shia scholars. Shia Muslims prefer to study and read the hadith attributed to the

10206: 12138: 7221:, Shia political activists were arrested, tortured, expelled or killed, as part of a crackdown launched after an assassination attempt against Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister 3638:. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin, and must be chosen by 6191:

path and nature of God and the divine manifestation in the personage of the "Imam of the Time" as the "Face of God", with the more literalistic Twelver group focusing on

3058: 1486:(680 CE) further influenced the development of Shia Islam, contributing to the formation of a distinct religious sect with its own rituals and shared collective memory. 6372:). He is the possessor of divine knowledge and therefore the "Prime Teacher". According to the "Epistle of the Right Path", a Persian Ismāʿīlī prose text from the post- 2312:

has commanded absolute obedience from these figures, they must only order that which is right. The state of infallibility is based on the Shīʿīte interpretation of the

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to the Imams. Though initially beginning as a political movement, infallibility and sinlessness of the Imams later evolved as a distinct belief of (non-Zaydī) Shīʿīsm.

12723:. Translated by Liadain Sherrard and Philip Sherrard. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 9104: 7628: 15060: 6658:("Unrestricted Missionary"), who as the Imam's vicegerent has full authority to govern the community in all matters both spiritual and temporal while the lineage of 8707: 6640:). According to the Bohra tradition, before the last Imam, At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim, went into seclusion, his father, the 20th Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah, had instructed 1784:, Imam, and caliph by Muhammad and that ʿAlī's authority is maintained through his descendants. For the adherents of Shia Islam, this conviction is implicit in the 18438: 3142:

from 1979 to 1989, asserted that every part of an unbeliever's body, including hair, nails, and bodily secretions, is impure. However, the current leader of Iran,

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declared Shia Islam a "deviant" sect and banned Shia Muslims from promoting their faith to other Muslims, but left them free to practice it themselves privately.

6483:(the younger), fought for political and spiritual control of the dynasty. Nizār was defeated and jailed, but according to the Nizārī tradition his son escaped to 18320: 9296: 9782: 17688: 16979: 6475:

Ismāʿīlīs following the death of Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah in 1094 CE. His rule was the longest of any caliph in any Islamic empire. Upon his death, his sons,

3134:, held that Jews' impurity extended to the point where they were advised to stay at home on rainy or snowy days to prevent contaminating their Shia neighbors. 11285: 11916: 4658:, etc. hold small minority populations of various Shia subsects, primarily descendants of immigrants from South Asia during the colonial period, such as the 3542:. Ḥusayn is the last Imam following ʿAlī mutually recognized by all branches of Shia Islam. The martyrdom of Husayn and his followers is commemorated on the 3324:

between Muslims within the empire, which began as a series of revolts fought against ʿAlī. While the rebels had previously affirmed the legitimacy of ʿAlī's

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oriented Akhbari and later Usuli schools of thought, Shīʿīsm further developed in two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismāʿīlī group focusing on the

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to provide means to deal with current issues from an Islamic perspective. In other words, clergymen in Twelver Shīʿīsm are believed to be the guardians of

11882: 9647: 8215: 6820:. Muhammad al-Baqir did not engage in political action, and the followers of Zayd ibn ʿAlī maintained that a true Imam must fight against corrupt rulers. 18305: 9422:

When the Sicilian Jawhar finally entered Fustat in 969 and the following year founded the new dynastic capital, Cairo, 'The Victorious', the Fatimids ...

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Goldziher, I.; van Arendonk, C.; Tritton, A.S. (2012). "Ahl al- Bayt". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

8681: 3245:. The point of contention between different Muslim sects arises when Muhammad, whilst giving his speech, gave the proclamation "Anyone who has me as his 16587: 6816:(as was the case after the death of the former). Historically, Zaydīs held that Zayd ibn ʿAlī was the rightful successor of the 4th Imam since he led a 4608:. Estimations put the number of Shīʿīte citizens at roughly 15% of the local population. Approximately 40% of the population of Yemen are Shia Muslims. 20121: 13215: 3634:. Imams are human individuals who not only rule over the Muslim community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret the divine law and its 9743: 9622: 9388:

The architect of his military system was a general named Jawhar, an islamicized Greek slave who had led the conquest of North Africa and then of Egypt

8924: 2857:, Syria). Many children (some of whom were direct descendants of Muhammad) died of thirst and exposure along the route. Arbaein occurs on the 20th of 1437:

Shia Muslims' belief that 'Ali was the designated successor to Muhammad as Islam's spiritual and political leader later developed into the concept of

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Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In

3595:. Muhammad gave them to ʿAlī, saying that one of them was "Zulfiqar", which became famously known as the sword of ʿAlī and a later symbol of Shīʿīsm. 3073:, the most notable being the tombs of the Imams located in the Al-Baqi' cemetery in 1925. In 2006, a bomb destroyed the shrine of Al-Askari Mosque. ( 8259: 3910:(680 CE), as various Shia-affiliated groups diffused in the emerging Islamic world, several nations arose based on a Shia leadership or population. 2694:

narrates that wherever the armaments among us would go, knowledge would also follow and the armaments would never depart from those with knowledge (

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of the greatest generals of the age, Jawhar al-Rumi, a former Greek slave, he took fullest advantage of the growing confusion in the Sunnite world.

5484:. Each subsect of Shīʿīsm follows its own line of Imamate. All mainstream Twelver and Ismāʿīlī Shia Muslims follow the same school of thought, the 2116:'There is no god except God, Muhammad is the messenger of God'), but in addition to this declaration of faith Shīʿa Muslims add the phrase 12460: 2387:). Their knowledge encompasses the totality of all times. Thus, they are believed to act without fault in religious matters. Shi'a Muslims regard 22461: 13263: 9635:

The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%.

2015:. Additionally, ʿAlī was Muhammad's first-cousin and closest living male relative as well as his son-in-law, having married Muhammad's daughter, 11657: 8736:"Shiʻite Islam", by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, translated by Sayyid Husayn Nasr, State University of New York Press, 1975, p. 24 2459: 23518: 11674:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 Referencing: Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature 11018: 9970: 8623: 7938: 3489: 10443: 10198: 10171: 10049:

Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.3 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 95 percent are Sunni and 5 percent Shia.

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from 656 to 661 CE. Shia doctrine holds that ʿAlī was meant to lead the community after Muhammad's death in 632. Historians dispute over the

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Shi'a Minorities in the Contemporary World: Migration, Transnationalism and Multilocality. United Kingdom, Edinburgh University Press, 2020.

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is the guide and the intercessor between humans and God, and the individual through whom God is recognized. He is also responsible for the

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Estimates have placed the proportion of Shia Muslims in Lebanon between 27% and 45% of the population, 30–35% of the citizen population in

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are Shias. They may number up to 200 million as of 2009. As of 1985, Shia Muslims are estimated to be 21% of the Muslim population in

2011:) of Islam. Shīʿa Muslims believe that Muhammad designated Ali as his successor by God's command on several instances, but most notably at 10777: 4169: 18335: 17034: 11860: 9937: 7681: 11701:. Ismaili Heritage Series. Vol. 3. London; New York: I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies. p. 13. 10329: 10240: 9501: 8433: 8365: 22506: 22433: 19646: 18747: 13694: 12628: 9915: 12411: 11930: 10743: 9869: 3152:

that Jews and other Peoples of the Book are not inherently impure, and touching the moisture on their hands does not convey impurity.

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History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808

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Though there are several subsects amongst the Ismāʿīlīs, the term in today's vernacular generally refers to the Shia Imami Ismāʿīlī

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that were revealed to Muhammad. The Quran does not contain verses on the Imamate, which is the basic doctrine of Shīʿa Islam. Some

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Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Wendy Doniger, Consulting Editor, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA 1999,

5467: 18389: 18310: 15755: 13816: 13216:""They Were Going Together with the Ikhwan": The Influence of Muslim Brotherhood Thinkers on Shi'i Islamists during the Cold War" 9096: 7018: 1030: 11499: 11402:

Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets.

10032: 5620:: the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, fairness, and equity, along with the punishment of the breach of these ethics; 4968:

A reliable census has not been taken in Afghanistan in decades, but about 20% of Afghan population is Shia, mostly among ethnic

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centers of Islamic education and religious learning, which resulted in the change of Twelver Shīʿīsm from being a predominantly

4056:, and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms. Bahmanid Sultanate was the first independent Islamic kingdom in Southern India. 18330: 17278: 15187: 13642: 10090:

Religion: Virtually the entire population is Muslim. Between 80 and 85 percent of Muslims are Sunni and 15 to 19 percent, Shia.

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could become the next Imam, after fulfilling certain conditions. Other well-known Zaydī Imams in history were Yahya ibn Zayd,

22617: 18340: 18297: 16755: 14927: 14336: 13826: 13808: 13395: 13184: 13165: 13146: 13120: 13094: 13066: 13044: 13025: 13006: 12987: 12965: 12939: 12903: 12884: 12865: 12843: 12817: 12795: 12773: 12747: 12728: 12704: 12663: 12322: 12197: 11996: 11814: 11706: 11687:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 Referencing: Encyclopædia Iranica 11615: 11588: 11423: 11395: 11341: 11316: 11188: 11075: 10846: 10764: 10723: 10694: 10649: 10610: 10362: 10323: 10234: 9998: 9895: 9534: 9487: 9443: 9415: 9381: 9352: 9250: 8918: 8831: 8790: 8660: 8605: 8330: 8289: 8243: 8035: 7892: 7834: 7549: 7498: 7473: 7393: 7368: 5736: 4818: 4753: 3818: 3211: 2542: 2440: 2308:, infallibility is considered a rational, necessary precondition for spiritual and religious guidance. They argue that since 1752:

was first used during Muhammad's lifetime. At present, the word refers to the Muslims who believe that the leadership of the

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Muslim Identities and Political Strategies: A Case Study of Muslims in the Greater Cape Town Area of South Africa, 1994–2000

10271: 9540: 9072: 23082: 20116: 16298: 14937: 9323: 7612: 7043: 7026: 6974:, there was a shift from the Jarudiyya group to the Sulaimaniyya, Tabiriyya, Butriyya, and Salihiyya. Zaydī Shias form the 6365: 5822:; the Usuli school is by far the largest of the three. Twelver groups that do not follow the Jaʿfari jurisprudence include 3635: 622: 5866: 3781:), and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. Although the Imam was not the recipient of a 23200: 22481: 22082: 14281: 12382: 12378: 12244: 10069: 10022: 3592: 2146:

This additional phrase to the declaration of faith embodies the Shīʿīte emphasis on the inheritance of authority through

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The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shīʻite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence

7121:, dating back to the earliest development of the two competing sects. At various times throughout the history of Islam, 6938:; thus, the ruler of Yemen was known by this title. Al-Hadi Yahya bin al-Hussain bin al-Qasim ar-Rassi, a descendant of 6491:

Ismāʿīlī had accepted his claim. From here on, the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī community has continued with a present, living Imam.

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continue, and that the Imams were in Occultation and still communicated and taught their followers through a network of

3649: 23410: 23140: 23022: 22476: 21061: 19010: 11477: 10813: 10549: 10471: 10296: 8599: 8572: 8417: 8390: 8114: 5457: 2519: 1896: 1829: 1490: 11044: 9839: 9795: 9300: 23460: 22286: 19531: 18192: 18146: 17806: 17800: 12343: 8998: 8013: 7525: 6978:. Currently, they constitute about 40–45% of the population in Yemen; Jaʿfaris and Ismāʿīlīs constitute the 2–5%. In 6093: 5695: 5298: 1882: 1095: 16658: 10148: 8513: 5686:– the most famous collection of sermons, letters & narration attributed to Ali, the first Imam regarded by Shias 2399:

in justice, but also in interpreting the Islamic faith, practices, and its esoteric meaning. ʿAlī is regarded as a "

1382:, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of 23513: 21071: 18063: 17919: 17454: 17350: 16638: 13647: 12288: 11908: 11281: 8946: 8151: 7065: 7010: 5858: 4452: 4424: 4177: 3425: 2587: 2270: 2177: 1914: 1325: 695: 229: 87: 15391: 15136: 10520: 7781:

and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the

3563: 3449: 23475: 23370: 22496: 22491: 22447: 22077: 20921: 20180: 19165: 18547: 18363: 16969: 16917: 16526: 15574: 15238: 14126: 14006: 13652: 11439: 8848: 7316: 7070: 5726: 2932:(household of Muhammad) and a Christian deputation from Najran. Al-Mubahila is held on the 24th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 2599: 1277: 8219: 5346:

Shi'a form a majority amongst Arab Muslims in many American cities, e.g. Lebanese Shi'a forming the majority in

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With the fall of the Safavids, the state in Iran—including the state system of courts with government-appointed

23330: 23155: 22428: 21447: 21388: 21275: 21154: 21086: 19509: 19147: 19066: 18612: 18170: 18068: 17211: 14954: 14932: 14246: 14211: 13687: 9661: 7363: 7241: 6373: 5059: 4586: 3585: 1222: 21567: 21442: 11786: 9734:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population" 8785:

Jafri, S.H. Mohammad. "The Origin and Early Development of Shiʻa Islam", Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 6,

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Exploring the Spirituality of the World Religions: The Quest for Personal, Spiritual and Social Transformation

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The original Shia identity referred to the followers of Imam ʿAlī, and Shia theology was formulated after the

23480: 22895: 22632: 22296: 22145: 22067: 21489: 20531: 20079: 18718: 17980: 17739: 17474: 15081: 14964: 14221: 14041: 13562: 12153: 8547: 7621:? However the term Shiite is being used less and is considered less proper than simply using the term "Shia"" 5673:) attributed to Muhammad and the Twelve Imams. Below is a list of some of the most prominent of these books: 4954: 4569: 2320:, but due to the fact that they have absolute belief in God, they refrain from doing anything that is a sin. 966: 10737:"Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Presidential Library – Religion" 9784:

Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population

9733: 9618: 8908: 6982:, it is estimated that there are over 1 million Zaydī Shias, primarily based in the western provinces. 23538: 23340: 20553: 19298: 18532: 18509: 18129: 17985: 17975: 17881: 17592: 17232: 16267: 15748: 15420: 15266: 15216: 14657: 14101: 13308: 13076: 7694: 7439: 6636: 5234: 4515: 3845: 3421: 1317: 998: 423: 21577: 13198: 6770:

The Zaydīs, Twelvers, and Ismāʿīlīs all recognize the same first four Imams; however, the Zaydīs consider

5472:

The Shia community throughout its history split over the issue of the Imamate. The largest branch are the

4670:

Figures indicated in the first three columns below are based on the October 2009 demographic study by the

3868:

and will rid the world of evil. According to Islamic tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the

3599: 2613: 2323:

They also have a complete knowledge of God's will. They are in possession of all knowledge brought by the

2269:

or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad, along with the

23548: 23260: 23255: 23027: 21550: 21511: 21066: 20980: 20548: 18915: 18634: 18499: 18315: 18083: 17876: 17311: 16900: 15785: 15649: 14997: 14311: 13821: 13798: 13793: 13703: 12222: 10108: 9965: 9887: 8255: 7346: 7336: 6845: 6791: 6708: 6151: 6003:, which is believed to have been defined by Muhammad and his twelve successors. This process is known as 5718: 5367: 5103: 3439: 2942: 2591: 2583: 1920:. It embodies a completely independent system of religious interpretation and political authority in the 1864: 1497:

is by far the largest and most influential, comprising about 85% of all Shia Muslims. Others include the

1045: 872: 239: 107: 102: 21582: 21572: 14359: 5183:

of 3.3 million noncitizens, about 64% are Muslim, and among expatriate Muslims, about 5% are Shia.

22326: 22271: 21967: 20707: 20224: 18910: 18852: 18394: 18277: 17794: 17271: 16304: 15899: 15885: 15624: 15369: 15143: 14625: 14256: 14216: 13951: 13868: 13722: 13612: 13597: 13587: 13472: 12853: 8754:

In his "Mutanabbi devant le siècle ismaëlien de l'Islam", in Mém. de l'Inst Français de Damas, 1935, p.

7341: 7017:. Houthis and their allies gained control of a significant part of Yemen's territory, and resisted the 6962:). The founding Zaydī branch in Yemen was the Jarudiyya; however, with increasing interaction with the 6546: 6394: 6361: 6105: 5463: 5332: 5328: 4748: 4635: 4293:

The ending of the relative mutual tolerance between Sunnīs and Shias that existed from the time of the

3714: 1085: 442: 244: 20305: 13279: 11348:

often they are not regarded as being Muslim at all, nor do all the Druze consider themselves as Muslim

6852:, is regarded as the codifier of Zaydī jurisprudence, and as such most Zaydī Shias today are known as 5563:, who elaborated the Twelver jurisprudence. Twelver Shia constitute the majority of the population in 3520:

En route to Kufa, Husayn was blocked by an army of Yazid's men, which included people from Kufa, near

23573: 23362: 23220: 22672: 21560: 21339: 20970: 20600: 20160: 19292: 19044: 18881: 18836: 18474: 18175: 18004: 17700: 17480: 17443: 17222: 15851: 15569: 15220: 14982: 14206: 14111: 14086: 13936: 13680: 13522: 13492: 13412: 13388: 11649: 11227: 7179: 6378: 5088: 5028: 4631: 4549:. Shia Muslims constitute 36.3% of the entire population (and 38.6% of the Muslim population) of the 4181: 4173: 3864:

who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations) before the

3337: 3277: 2712: 2135:'Ali is the guardian of God'). The basis for the Shīʿīte belief in ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as the 2012: 1855: 1383: 1180: 892: 343: 112: 21678: 17134: 9957: 9367: 7934: 6179:) of the Islamic faith. With the eventual development of Twelver Shīʿīsm into the more literalistic 3721:

and their supporters, while some hadith transmitted by narrators not belonging to or supporting the

3268:

and Muhammad's closest relatives made the funeral arrangements. While they were preparing his body,

2506:", that one day shall return on Earth and fill the world with justice. According to the doctrine of 1983:

alone, only God has the prerogative to appoint the successor to his prophet. They believe God chose

23077: 23037: 22992: 22782: 22772: 22577: 22331: 22156: 22092: 22062: 21952: 21717: 21626: 21594: 21555: 21467: 20374: 19626: 19562: 19032: 19017: 18711: 18629: 18358: 18182: 17955: 17493: 17237: 17227: 17217: 15982: 15502: 15116: 14735: 14306: 14236: 13657: 13627: 13442: 13432: 13271: 12027:"The Centrality of Anti-Semitism in the Islamic State's Ideology and Its Connection to Anti-Shiism" 10929: 10828:

Nahj al-balaghah, Mohaghegh (researcher) 'Atarodi Ghoochaani, the introduction of Sayyid Razi, p. 1

8873: 8655:. Routledge studies in modern history. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 174. 7326: 7174:, "Sultan Selim I carried things so far that he announced that the killing of one Shia had as much 7110: 7106: 7059: 7002: 6849: 6728: 6712: 6438: 6401: 6147: 6112: 5882: 5790: 5740: 5632: 5157: 5042:

In 2020, the CIA World Factbook stated that Shia Muslims constitute 31.2% of Lebanon's population.

4883: 4147: 3828: 3794: 3762:, and 71 of his followers in 680 CE, who led a non-allegiance movement against the defiant caliph. 3695: 3627: 3558: 3539: 2800: 2787: 2454: 2198: 1522: 1112: 912: 615: 570: 162: 97: 20069: 11723: 9011: 7602:

are adopted for consistency, except where the alternative spelling is in the title of a reference.

5803: 5485: 23528: 23465: 23415: 23375: 23320: 22955: 22950: 22840: 22787: 22677: 22607: 22403: 22214: 22129: 21334: 21312: 21111: 20933: 20458: 20111: 20038: 19722: 19093: 18893: 18802: 18492: 17366: 17125: 17089: 15109: 15067: 14922: 14537: 14326: 14231: 14061: 14016: 13882: 13602: 13577: 13502: 13427: 11535:

Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās

8048: 7690: 7199: 6634:

Divine leadership has continued in the Bohra branch through the institution of the "Missionary" (

6523: 6413: 6170: 5948: 4813: 4250: 4246: 3947: 3341: 707: 540: 17520: 13350: 12486: 12274: 12214: 11580: 9046: 6445:. During this period, three lineages of Imams were formed. The first branch, known today as the 4623:). The Shia presence is negligible elsewhere in Southeast Asia, where Muslims are predominantly 3434:("commander of the believers"); Muawiyah will not nominate any successor. Ḥasan then retired to 3241:

Shia Muslims believe that Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his heir during a speech at

23395: 23290: 23250: 23230: 23087: 23062: 22967: 22940: 22890: 22860: 22850: 22767: 22732: 22717: 22702: 22657: 22592: 22266: 22197: 22102: 22097: 21838: 21761: 21523: 21405: 21329: 21126: 21116: 20975: 20943: 20881: 20852: 20369: 20364: 20175: 20056: 20016: 19801: 19142: 19137: 19117: 19113: 18644: 18573: 18542: 18482: 17464: 17459: 17377: 16807: 16761: 16150: 15831: 15326: 14987: 14917: 14877: 14862: 14542: 14296: 14201: 14186: 14177: 14056: 14021: 13946: 13572: 13552: 13457: 13086: 12434: 12085:"Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective" 7770: 7758: 7677:"Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 7413: 7244:

in Northern Iraq, which occurred alongside the persecution of various religious groups and the

7226: 7040: 7014: 6817: 4784: 3974: 3901: 3677: 3631: 3443: 3388: 3308:

invited ʿAlī to become the fourth caliph as the last source, and he established his capital in

3139: 3131: 3094: 2983: 2967: 2413: 2400: 2392: 2377: 2357: 2337: 2286: 2248: 2001: 1937: 1820:

above all people. They are descendants of one another. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing."

1781: 1438: 1396: 1360: 1349: 1336: 1161: 927: 505: 119: 92: 17: 12187: 11844: 11605: 10639: 10313: 10286: 10224: 9407: 9401: 8407: 8380: 8281: 8104: 7539: 149: 23636: 23581: 23498: 23450: 23425: 23225: 23047: 23042: 22910: 22900: 22722: 22398: 22341: 22161: 22107: 21528: 21506: 21425: 21366: 21032: 20471: 20332: 19489: 19088: 19000: 18590: 18568: 17387: 17264: 17030: 16684: 15856: 15773: 15519: 15489: 15046: 14942: 14489: 14316: 14066: 13976: 13632: 13607: 13592: 13567: 13557: 13542: 13447: 13437: 13417: 13274:: Project on Shi'ism and Global Affairs at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs ( 12157: 10596: 10407: 10352: 9467: 8562: 8361: 8234: 7321: 7134: 7118: 7114: 6951: 6759: 6663: 6659: 6519: 6499: 6495: 6472: 6461: 6450: 6348: 5838: 5180: 4274: 4092: 3824: 3653: 3498: 3442:, after being secretly contacted by Muawiyah who wished to pass the caliphate to his own son 3400: 3235: 3161: 3015: 2554: 2546: 2475: 2313: 1792:. Shia Muslim scholars emphasize that the notion of authority is linked to the family of the 1530: 1379: 1156: 981: 765: 720: 333: 234: 224: 217: 194: 31: 20352: 20300: 16725: 10803: 10502: 9988: 9911: 9399: 1764:

refers to a group of Muslims who at the time of Muhammad and after him regarded ʿAlī as the

328: 23626: 23616: 23601: 23508: 23435: 23405: 23380: 23345: 23305: 23300: 23275: 23145: 23067: 23017: 22997: 22987: 22875: 22822: 22797: 22647: 22642: 22622: 22587: 22572: 22516: 22291: 22224: 22192: 22072: 22007: 21873: 21751: 21604: 21484: 21383: 21295: 21263: 21258: 21106: 20838: 20128: 19712: 19472: 19083: 19027: 18978: 18963: 18816: 18257: 18164: 18109: 16471: 15878: 15736: 15661: 15506: 15321: 15169: 15074: 15053: 14912: 14867: 14852: 14401: 14251: 14241: 14226: 14046: 14011: 14001: 13996: 13971: 13637: 13537: 13527: 13517: 13477: 13467: 13462: 13422: 13381: 12594: 12401: 11744:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 11149:

Timani, Hussam S. (2021). "Part 5: In Between and on the Fringes of Islam – The Druze". In

10736: 9861: 9702:

In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.

8826:

Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam". Oxford University Press, 2002 |

8498: 7373: 6623: 6503: 6476: 6468: 6354: 6246: 6238: 5762: 5666: 5592: 5293: 5288: 5249: 3297: 3185: 3039: 2824: 2746:

Shia religious practices, such as prayers, differ only slightly from the Sunnīs. While all

2527: 2317: 1550: 1538: 520: 377: 264: 199: 129: 19325: 11758: 10718:"Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. 8030:"Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. 6226: 3018:

in Qom are very essential for Shīʿa Muslims. Other venerated pilgrimage sites include the

8: 23693: 23631: 23606: 23586: 23563: 23490: 23440: 23420: 23335: 23325: 23280: 23240: 23195: 23190: 23180: 23170: 23165: 23160: 23150: 23135: 23130: 23125: 23120: 23115: 23092: 23002: 22977: 22855: 22845: 22807: 22777: 22762: 22747: 22737: 22727: 22692: 22687: 22637: 22582: 22557: 22501: 22358: 22346: 22234: 22229: 22219: 22087: 21888: 21801: 21746: 21722: 21609: 21494: 21452: 21247: 21096: 20724: 20516: 20401: 20197: 19994: 19879: 19807: 19697: 19618: 19445: 19098: 18922: 18768: 18487: 18368: 18262: 18078: 17575: 17372: 17143: 16910: 16705: 16476: 16207: 16084: 15723: 15023: 14949: 14291: 13941: 13755: 13662: 13622: 13617: 13582: 13547: 13532: 13497: 13487: 13482: 13452: 13312: 13104: 12805: 12365: 12031: 11631: 10759:

Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002.

10028: 9942: 9791: 9738: 7782: 7029:). Both the Houthis and the Saudi Arabian-led coalition were being attacked by the Sunnī 6457: 6405: 6084: 6071: 6047: 6035: 5976: 5778: 5732: 5644: 5543:

is derived from the doctrine of believing in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as "

4918: 4848: 4671: 4546: 4444: 4420: 4361: 3861: 3814: 3738: 3430: 3329: 3273: 3257: 3019: 2678:

Al-Ṣādiq also narrated that the passing down of armaments is synonymous to receiving the

2629: 2495: 2491: 2436: 2260: 2212: 2191: 2170: 2130: 2111: 2040: 1743:

for adherents, mosques, traditions, and things associated with the Shia branch of Islam.

1542: 1457: 1373: 1270: 1166: 800: 700: 608: 555: 535: 472: 144: 124: 45: 11334:

The Templar Spirit: The Esoteric Inspiration, Rituals and Beliefs of the Knights Templar

10073: 7976: 6700: 4150:

overthrew the Sunni rulers in North Africa, an event which led to the foundation of the

3328:(caliphate), they later turned against ʿAlī and fought him. Tensions escalated into the 1549:. Iran stands as the world's only country where Shia Islam forms the foundation of both 23611: 23591: 23558: 23455: 23445: 23390: 23385: 23315: 23295: 23285: 23270: 23265: 23245: 23215: 23210: 23185: 23175: 23107: 23072: 23057: 22962: 22935: 22925: 22885: 22870: 22865: 22817: 22812: 22752: 22707: 22667: 22562: 22549: 22336: 22261: 22134: 21957: 21631: 21589: 21430: 21398: 21373: 21300: 21280: 21101: 21049: 21037: 21015: 20607: 20565: 20438: 20273: 20268: 20263: 20089: 19873: 19849: 19228: 19152: 18900: 18846: 18649: 18563: 18414: 18350: 18158: 18134: 17811: 17789: 17749: 17639: 17552: 17503: 17469: 17360: 17074: 15952: 15908: 15653: 15466: 15353: 15127: 15088: 15002: 14837: 14800: 14762: 14684: 14559: 14331: 14116: 13991: 13966: 13788: 13775: 13512: 13507: 13275: 13243: 12655: 12569: 12496:. United States Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2011. 12089: 11820: 11798: 11573: 11247: 11120: 10957: 10412: 10114: 9686: 9657: 8708:"Jews and Wine in Shiite Iran – Some Observations on the Concept of Religious Impurity" 7778: 7766: 7724: 7708: 7358: 7195: 7094: 6724: 6641: 6280: 6257:

and the largest group within Ismāʿīlīsm. Another Shia Imami Ismāʿīlī community are the

6155: 6051: 5984: 5701: 5665:

common to all Muslims, Twelver Shias derive scriptural and authoritative guidance from

5662: 5636:: a divine institution which succeeded the institution of Prophethood. Its appointees ( 5556: 5489: 4258: 3984: 3681: 3619: 3508: 3475:, and breaking the treaty with Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī. Yazid asked Husayn to swear allegiance ( 3313: 3106: 3090: 3007: 2873: 2732: 2646: 2507: 2483: 2278: 1760:, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and his successors. Nawbakhti states that the term 1740: 1554: 1518: 1514: 1494: 1474:, whom Shia Muslims believe possess special spiritual and political authority over the 1463: 1190: 1147: 1117: 1100: 1075: 1020: 976: 688: 82: 20719: 20278: 19901: 19631: 17050: 8968: 8106:

Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundatation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran

3694:(Muhammad's family and descendants) or pledging allegiance to Abū Bakr has shaped the 2659:

mentions that "with me are the arms of the Messenger of Allah. It is not disputable."

23668: 23662: 23596: 23553: 23543: 23533: 23523: 23430: 23350: 23310: 23235: 23205: 23097: 23052: 23032: 23007: 22982: 22945: 22930: 22905: 22880: 22792: 22742: 22697: 22682: 22662: 22652: 22627: 22567: 22511: 22276: 22052: 21648: 21619: 21543: 21538: 21499: 21437: 21393: 21378: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21290: 21025: 20911: 20677: 20647: 20627: 20448: 20253: 20234: 20229: 20170: 20133: 19854: 19769: 19692: 19590: 19580: 19548: 19536: 19504: 19481: 19463: 19359: 19214: 19122: 19108: 19071: 19059: 18888: 18807: 18759: 18624: 18619: 18524: 18514: 18504: 18187: 18073: 18025: 17868: 17779: 17540: 17530: 17525: 17515: 17510: 17343: 17100: 17066: 17010: 16248: 16187: 16094: 15802: 15666: 15515: 15461: 15357: 14992: 14959: 14887: 14882: 14842: 14830: 14815: 14795: 14696: 14672: 14498: 14321: 14161: 14096: 13247: 13235: 13180: 13161: 13142: 13135: 13116: 13090: 13062: 13040: 13021: 13002: 12983: 12961: 12935: 12909: 12899: 12880: 12861: 12839: 12827: 12813: 12791: 12769: 12743: 12724: 12700: 12659: 12588: 12573: 12561: 12537: 12339: 12318: 12193: 12116: 12062: 12002: 11992: 11824: 11810: 11794: 11702: 11611: 11584: 11549: 11419: 11391: 11337: 11312: 11263: 11255: 11239: 11194: 11184: 11124: 11112: 11071: 10961: 10949: 10842: 10809: 10760: 10719: 10690: 10645: 10606: 10467: 10461: 10358: 10319: 10292: 10230: 10014: 9994: 9891: 9530: 9493: 9483: 9439: 9411: 9377: 9348: 9246: 9131: 8994: 8914: 8827: 8786: 8656: 8595: 8568: 8541: 8521: 8468: 8413: 8386: 8326: 8285: 8239: 8110: 8031: 8009: 7888: 7840: 7830: 7786: 7740: 7732: 7716: 7545: 7521: 7494: 7469: 7403: 7269: 7218: 6975: 6654: 6532: 6442: 6263: 6089: 6075: 5972: 5774: 5683: 5127: 4565: 4151: 4128: 4096: 4065: 4045: 4006: 3907: 3810: 3755: 3525: 3379: 3198: 3189: 3135: 3114: 2907: 2868: 2636: 2632: 2595: 2559: 2538: 2450: 2446: 1976: 1917: 1850: 1793: 1483: 1415: 1328: 1231: 1195: 1142: 1055: 1015: 877: 598: 565: 530: 462: 289: 259: 21131: 20729: 20389: 20138: 16253: 13137:

The Heirs of Muhammad: Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni Shia split

8893: 8460: 7908: 6967: 4624: 23621: 23503: 23400: 23012: 22972: 22920: 22915: 22832: 22802: 22712: 22602: 22466: 22418: 22413: 21977: 21942: 21915: 21673: 21658: 21533: 21457: 21307: 21285: 21193: 21054: 20833: 20796: 20652: 20637: 20585: 20379: 20359: 20327: 20322: 20293: 20288: 20212: 20202: 20026: 19990: 19982: 19953: 19866: 19786: 19781: 19744: 19734: 19660: 19598: 19440: 19277: 19127: 18785: 18654: 18639: 18399: 18104: 17826: 17764: 17754: 17744: 17729: 17535: 17438: 17410: 17298: 16063: 16037: 15740: 15413: 15316: 15157: 15039: 14892: 14872: 14857: 14422: 14081: 13849: 13227: 13130: 12831: 12551: 12541: 12106: 12102: 12052: 11982: 11978: 11958: 11852: 11802: 11503: 11231: 11174: 11170: 11150: 11104: 10975: 10941: 10381:

South Asian migration in comparative perspective, movement, settlement and diaspora

9127: 9061:

Discovering Islam: making sense of Muslim history and society (2002) Akbar S. Ahmed

8889: 7698: 7408: 7171: 7142: 6934:

in the 9th and 10th centuries. The leader of the Zaydī community took the title of

6750:. Followers of the Zaydī school of jurisprudence are called Zaydīs or occasionally 6389: 6159: 6108: 6079: 6039: 5722: 5706: 5560: 5544: 5493: 5268: 5200: 4542: 4519: 4465: 4294: 4157: 3747: 3710: 3665: 3546:, occurring on the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. 3408: 3345: 3287: 3027: 3011: 2951: 2877: 2668: 2650: 1943: 1933: 1813: 1789: 1736: 1712: 1666: 1635: 1600: 1296: 1040: 1035: 986: 971: 956: 865: 744: 575: 550: 467: 21270: 8877: 7145:, Shia Muslims remain a marginalized community to this day in many Sunnī-dominant 5171:

Among Kuwait's estimated 1.4 million citizens, about 30% are Shia (including

4356:

during his lifetime) are to be bases for verdicts, rejecting the use of reasoning.

3773:) was the source of the souls of the prophets and Imams, which bestowed upon them 23672: 22301: 22281: 21771: 21663: 21653: 21322: 20990: 20781: 20761: 20692: 20657: 20590: 20310: 20283: 20258: 20207: 20185: 19973: 19916: 19687: 19204: 19005: 18931: 18871: 18826: 18795: 18580: 18287: 18232: 18032: 17718: 17678: 17629: 17581: 17355: 17138: 17025: 16607: 15957: 15942: 15904: 15871: 15846: 15760: 15707: 15608: 15603: 15579: 15493: 15396: 15343: 15338: 14825: 14728: 14723: 14706: 14667: 14607: 14564: 14371: 14301: 14106: 13854: 13330:"History of Shi'ism: From the Advent of Islam up to the End of Minor Occultation" 12718: 12647: 11806: 10945: 10600: 10535: 10428: 10379: 10263: 9524: 9078: 7311: 7297: 7249: 7156: 7037: 6986: 6869: 6865: 6837: 6832:, Zaydīs follow the teachings of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, which are documented in his book 6488: 6101: 5678: 5628:: the institution by which God sends emissaries, or prophets, to guide humankind; 5107: 4561: 4557: 4529:

Shia Muslims form a distinct majority of the population in four countries of the

4350: 4282: 4278: 4226: 4208: 4189: 4161: 4116: 4088: 3966: 3960: 3935: 3914: 3877: 3865: 3703: 3461: 3173: 3118: 3078: 3043: 3003: 2923: 2887: 2683: 2463: 2404: 2368: 2348: 2328: 2324: 2239: 2203: 2182: 2161: 2121: 2102: 2082: 1992: 1960: 1590: 1578: 1534: 1526: 1448: 1387: 1364: 1340: 1175: 991: 951: 940: 922: 825: 770: 683: 515: 360: 269: 16747: 9329: 8993:

The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998,

7520:

The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998,

6631:. The Nizārī line of Imams has continued to this day as an uninterrupted chain. 3316:, between 656 CE to 661 CE, was often contested. Tensions eventually led to the 3286:

caliph. Abū Bakr served from 632 to 634, and was followed by Umar (634–644) and

22423: 22316: 22256: 21972: 21947: 21732: 21636: 21518: 21462: 21415: 20828: 20776: 20672: 20642: 20622: 20617: 20612: 20595: 20491: 20411: 20394: 20347: 20337: 19376: 19039: 19022: 18841: 18821: 18790: 18692: 18419: 18272: 18114: 17816: 17160: 17079: 16945: 16922: 16905: 16751: 16676: 16600: 16121: 16027: 15636: 15591: 15586: 15437: 15406: 15311: 15194: 15032: 14785: 14718: 14711: 14701: 14549: 14286: 14147: 14076: 14051: 13911: 13844: 13760: 13354: 12783: 12620: 11533: 11092: 10488: 9369: 7214: 7207: 7153: 6947: 6927: 6916: 6891: 6813: 6798: 6787: 6480: 6416:, would return and establish an age of justice. One group included the violent 6324: 6320: 6163: 5827: 5397: 5362: 5357: 4993: 4582: 4406: 4322: 4053: 4049: 4035: 3939: 3873: 3833: 3759: 3538:. The Battle of Karbala and martyrdom of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī is often cited as the 3468: 3375: 3047: 2917: 2903: 2832: 2817: 2672: 2664: 1948: 1773: 1479: 1471: 1263: 1135: 1122: 1080: 1025: 639: 580: 482: 418: 350: 20384: 19641: 17120: 16927: 16114: 13373: 13080: 12386: 12248: 12111: 12084: 11987: 11179: 11108: 7123:

Shia groups and minorities have faced persecution perpetrated by Sunnī Muslims

6397:

are always aware of his presence and are witness to this uninterrupted chain.

6216: 1509:. Shia Muslims form a majority of the population in four countries across the 23687: 22351: 21905: 21786: 21178: 21173: 21121: 20958: 20896: 20791: 20682: 20580: 20511: 20443: 20433: 20406: 20342: 20239: 20217: 20150: 20046: 20009: 19928: 19836: 19287: 19238: 18943: 18595: 18432: 18282: 17821: 17784: 17759: 17644: 17084: 17014: 16994: 16956: 16575: 16560: 16324:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

16131: 16056: 15866: 15827: 15814: 15789: 15695: 15484: 15456: 15333: 15287: 15205: 14904: 14805: 14790: 14780: 14615: 14577: 14554: 14516: 14427: 14157: 14151: 14141: 14129: 13239: 13108: 12951: 12761: 12757: 12565: 12546: 12523: 12120: 12066: 12006: 11632:"The Initial Destination of the Fatimid caliphate: The Yemen or The Maghrib?" 11243: 11198: 11116: 11015:"Congressional Human Rights Caucus Testimony – Najran, The Untold Story" 10953: 9479: 9475: 8472: 7720: 7712: 7383: 7233: 7183: 7131:

persecution of Shia Muslims throughout history by their Sunnī co-religionists

7086: 6959: 6939: 6923: 6809: 6783: 6671: 6649: 6507: 6357: 6336: 6258: 6182: 6175: 6139: 6134: 6067: 5690: 5481: 5427: 5323: 5318: 4767:

A 2010 estimate was that Shia made up about 10–15% of Pakistan's population.

4719: 4714: 4594: 4538: 4534: 4262: 4104: 4100: 3998: 3953: 3880:(literally, the "false Messiah" or Antichrist). Jesus, who is considered the 3869: 3669: 3623: 3608: 3416: 3404: 3371: 3348:

in 657 turned the tide against ʿAlī, who lost due to arbitration issues with

3168: 3062: 2843:(central Iraq). Ashura is a day of deep mourning which occurs on the 10th of 2836: 2828: 2655: 2550: 2511: 2474:, is a popular pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. Local belief holds that the 2282: 2266: 1809: 1805: 1498: 1467: 1200: 1105: 1065: 477: 338: 323: 21020: 17046: 13336:. Translated by Limba, Mansoor L. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 13059:

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

12913: 11469: 11267: 10582:"Mitigating Sunni-Shia conflict in 'the world's most charming police state'" 9368:

Chodorow, Stanley; Knox, MacGregor; Shirokauer, Conrad; Strayer, Joseph R.;

7844: 7703: 7676: 6950:

continued to rule over Yemen until the middle of the 20th century, when the

6058:. It sees Islam as a political system and differs from the other mainstream 3524:; rather than surrendering, Husayn and his followers chose to fight. In the 3207: 22486: 22388: 22249: 21937: 21932: 21910: 21900: 21781: 21213: 21148: 21091: 21076: 21042: 20667: 20575: 19608: 19499: 19494: 19345: 19315: 19189: 19157: 18905: 18876: 18863: 18682: 18607: 18267: 18119: 17997: 17713: 17617: 17605: 17319: 17112: 17041: 16829:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

16769: 16742: 16733: 16633: 16110: 15926: 15861: 15554: 15451: 15442: 15348: 15102: 14770: 14689: 14620: 14484: 13981: 13921: 13896: 13877: 13082:

Peshawar Nights, A Transcript of a Dialogue between Shia and Sunni scholars

13054: 12714: 11309:

America & Islam: Soundbites, Suicide Bombs and the Road to Donald Trump

11040: 10211:

In Yemen, Zaidists, a Shia offshoot, constitute 30% of the total population

9835: 9599: 9400:

Fossier, Robert; Sondheimer, Janet; Airlie, Stuart; Marsack, Robyn (1997).

7744: 7398: 7283: 7175: 7090: 7074: 6979: 6774:

as the 5th Imam. After the time of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, the Zaydīs believed that

6771: 6747: 6679: 6515: 6312: 6284: 5766: 5609: 5054: 5049: 4651: 4643: 4612: 4575: 4530: 4314: 4286: 4120: 4039: 4027: 4018: 4002: 3849: 3841: 3790: 3726: 3639: 3242: 3143: 3035: 2691: 2534: 2309: 2068: 1980: 1921: 1510: 1414:, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before 1251: 1207: 944: 676: 665: 525: 355: 254: 20714: 19396: 16779: 16272: 15892: 12955: 9117: 3793:, through which God guides him, and the Imam, in turn, guides the people. 3059:

Shīʿa sacred places and heritage sites in Saudi Arabia have been destroyed

22408: 22383: 22207: 22175: 22166: 22112: 22042: 22027: 21920: 21811: 21472: 21420: 21208: 20926: 20906: 20746: 20687: 20425: 20421: 20244: 19759: 19707: 19677: 19514: 19368: 19260: 19184: 19049: 18985: 18936: 18244: 17734: 17673: 17600: 17487: 17094: 16816: 16784: 16729: 16595: 16293: 16258: 16240: 16032: 15769: 15699: 15379: 15278: 14847: 14820: 14810: 14747: 14652: 14642: 14637: 14469: 14452: 14276: 14191: 14031: 13906: 12860:. Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. State University of New York Press. 12364:), translated by Paul Sprachman. Delmor, NY: Center for Iranian Studies, 12360: 10377: 10144: 9207:ولایت علی در قرآن کریم و سنت پیامبر، مرکز فرهنگی انتشاراتی منیر، چاپ هفتم 8653:

Constructing nationalism in Iran: from the Qajars to the Islamic Republic

8564:

Transnational Shia politics: religious and political networks in the Gulf

7773:, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted 7443:

less than 5% to 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population of about 100 million."

7378: 7130: 7122: 7055: 6890:

from 788 to 985 CE. Another Zaydī State was established in the region of

6818:

rebellion against the Umayyads in protest of their tyranny and corruption

6628: 6506:; Ṭayyibi Ismāʿīlīs, also known as "Bohras", are further divided between 6332: 6308: 6304: 6234: 6208: 5980: 5796: 5497: 4949: 4944: 4550: 4500: 4484: 4428: 4318: 4301: 4242: 4010: 3690: 3673: 3573: 3512: 3317: 3231: 3193: 2963: 2928: 2911: 2867:, Muhammad's birth date. Unlike Sunnī Muslims, who celebrate the 12th of 2850: 2805: 2796: 2641: 2608: 2603: 2564: 2147: 2090: 1909: 1489:

Shia Islam is followed by 10–15% of all Muslims. Although there are many

1443: 1411: 1378:'spiritual and political leader') after him, most notably at the 1003: 961: 885: 455: 370: 365: 316: 249: 204: 189: 184: 174: 139: 21727: 21668: 20771: 20192: 20021: 19570: 12603: 12292: 12057: 12026: 11550:"حين يكتشف المغاربة أنهم كانوا شيعة وخوارج قبل أن يصبحوا مالكيين !" 11388:

The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives

8938: 8803: 8434:"Lady Fatima inspired women of Iran to emerge as an extraordinary force" 8173: 8143: 7728: 2628:

Shīʿa Muslims believe that the armaments and sacred items of all of the

22374: 22369: 22244: 22239: 22202: 22180: 22037: 22017: 22012: 21853: 21843: 21806: 21410: 21188: 21136: 20876: 20521: 20501: 20074: 19999: 19938: 19702: 19682: 19603: 19255: 19194: 18973: 18968: 18953: 18537: 17609: 16738: 16535: 16316: 16262: 16160: 16098: 16049: 16015: 15968: 15889: 15822: 15809: 15727: 15703: 15632: 15479: 15401: 15304: 14677: 14441: 14437: 14271: 14196: 14172: 14137: 14091: 14026: 13986: 13961: 13916: 13901: 13891: 12975: 12556: 11962: 11154: 7222: 7146: 6971: 6899: 6704: 6454: 6417: 6300: 6296: 6097: 5745:

According to the theology of Twelvers, the successor of Muhammad is an

5568: 5229: 5224: 4913: 4908: 4639: 4523: 3928: 3717:

venerated by Shia Muslims are centered on narrations by members of the

3709:

during his lifetime), and other areas of Islamic belief throughout the

3353: 3349: 2687: 2575:

Shīʿa Muslims believe that the status of ʿAlī is supported by numerous

2499: 2140: 1801: 1797: 1585:), meaning "partisans of Ali", "followers of Ali" or "faction of Ali". 510: 21218: 20094: 14522:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

14381:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

11447: 11251: 7206:(eastern region of Iraq) that commemorates the martyrdom and death of 6758:

who are Twelvers (see below). Zaydīs constitute roughly 42–47% of the

5890:

In Jaʿfari jurisprudence, there are eight secondary pillars, known as

5808: 2031: 1426:

by a group of Muhammad's other companions at Saqifah, to be the first

22321: 22117: 22032: 22022: 21893: 21848: 21833: 21766: 21614: 21081: 21003: 20963: 20953: 20916: 20891: 20871: 20766: 20632: 20486: 20476: 20248: 20101: 19911: 19896: 19861: 19844: 19826: 19739: 19519: 19435: 19414: 19409: 19386: 19381: 19340: 19335: 19272: 19209: 19132: 19103: 19054: 18995: 18948: 18252: 17683: 17498: 16998: 16986: 16964: 16895: 16808:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

16799: 16700: 16645: 16570: 16224: 16219: 16145: 16089: 15835: 15690: 15683: 15559: 15470: 15384: 15364: 15209: 15150: 14662: 14630: 14585:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

14473: 14351: 14266: 14261: 14071: 14036: 13931: 13926: 13037:

Shiʻite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts

12836:

Doctrines of Shiʻi Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices

12461:"Malaysian government to Shia Muslims: Keep your beliefs to yourself" 10602:

Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722

7187: 7149:, without the rights to practice their religion and freely organize. 7006: 6943: 6931: 6675: 6511: 6328: 6188: 6117: 6055: 6023: 6011: 5942: 5831: 5819: 4863: 4597: 4590: 4310:

capable of taking a political stand different from official policies.

4014: 3980: 3577: 3477: 3392: 3321: 3215: 3066: 3023: 1462:'People of the House'), are rightful rulers or Imams through 907: 545: 430: 304: 62: 19791: 19320: 16989: 13231: 10778:"Challenges For Saudi Arabia Amidst Protests in the Gulf – Analysis" 9958:"The New Middle East, Turkey, and the Search for Regional Stability" 8074: 5959:(20% tax on savings yearly, after deduction of commercial expenses). 4172:

966–d. 992) was a Shia Fatimid general. Under the command of Caliph

4060: 3630:. Imami Shīʿītes believe that Imams are the spiritual and political 22124: 21868: 21858: 21713: 21203: 21183: 21010: 20886: 20741: 20315: 20064: 20004: 19923: 19831: 19818: 19796: 19776: 19754: 19749: 19729: 19669: 19636: 19575: 19419: 19404: 19282: 19243: 19199: 18990: 18927: 18831: 18734: 18585: 18091: 17949: 17901: 17695: 17649: 17613: 17338: 17183: 17150: 17005: 16890: 16882: 16671: 16076: 16007: 15930: 15913: 15744: 15731: 15564: 15510: 15292: 14740: 14531: 14364: 13956: 13672: 13358: 12406: 11650:"Shiʻah tenets concerning the question of the imamate – New Page 1" 11235: 10566:

Aswad, B. and Abowd, T., 2013. Arab Americans. Race and Ethnicity:

10460:

Bedford, Sofie (2016). Ismayilov, Murad; Graham, Norman A. (eds.).

7750: 7306: 7291: 7167: 7138: 7098: 7033: 7030: 6911: 6895: 6719: 6272: 6254: 6088:(Islamist) Shia Muslim. Because of the concept of the hidden Imam, 5624: 5506: 5473: 5122: 5117: 5008: 4743: 4470: 4377: 4353: 4222: 4023: 3889: 3765:

It is believed in Twelver and Ismāʿīlī branches of Shia Islam that

3706: 3568: 3282: 3269: 2854: 2844: 2770: 1427: 1419: 1217: 1185: 899: 833: 435: 408: 394: 134: 12315:

The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future

12139:"From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State" 10199:"The Arab Spring: The Initiating Event for a New Arab World Order" 9990:

The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition

9497: 7736: 6580: 5971:

is the responsibility of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams. Since the

5777:, who is believed by Twelvers to be currently alive and hidden in 5510:(i.e., someone authorized to issue legal opinions in Shia Islam). 5501: 4611:

Significant Shia communities also exist in the coastal regions of

4084: 3963:

dynasty. at its peak consisted of large portions of Iran and Iraq.

3588: 3352:, the governor of Damascus. ʿAlī withdrew to Kufa, overcoming the 2839:

and grandson of Muhammad, who was killed by Yazid ibn Muawiyah in

2723: 2706: 22393: 21997: 21962: 21883: 21796: 21737: 21641: 21344: 21198: 20948: 20901: 20786: 20662: 20481: 19943: 19906: 19717: 19267: 19233: 19076: 18777: 18600: 18206: 17894: 17774: 17666: 17659: 17654: 17396: 17188: 17168: 17129: 16974: 16821:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

16765: 16717: 16564: 16554: 16279: 16228: 16182: 16020: 15917: 15818: 15797: 15676: 15671: 15546: 15497: 15425: 15374: 15095: 14974: 14647: 14461: 14393: 13783: 12524:"Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language" 12185: 11361:"Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are" 10226:

International Religious Freedom (2010): Annual Report to Congress

8845:"From the article on Shii Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online" 8345: 8304:, by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (1979), pp. 41–44 7975:

Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (20 July 2005). Ehsan Yarshater (ed.).

7566: 7163: 7159: 6907: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6735: 6695: 6558: 6421: 6063: 6017: 6005: 5823: 5580: 5572: 5519: 5477: 5347: 5263: 5258: 5195: 5190: 5172: 5083: 5078: 5023: 5018: 4973: 4898: 4655: 4601: 4579: 4448: 4402: 4329: 4304:

on the state followed by the emergence of an independent body of

4230: 3990: 3957: 3943: 3932: 3922: 3888:") in Islam, will descend at the point of a white arcade east of 3885: 3766: 3521: 3472: 3457: 3384: 3280:

met with the leaders of Medina and elected Abū Bakr as the first

3126: 3113:

explicitly labeled as impure by certain Shia religious scholars.

3031: 2995: 2991: 2955: 2883: 2840: 2764: 2736: 2523: 2294: 2290: 2077: 2016: 1506: 1502: 1407: 1050: 727: 311: 299: 294: 12673: 11259: 4297:

onwards and the resurgence of antagonism between the two groups.

4217: 22306: 22185: 22170: 21989: 21878: 21863: 21821: 21599: 21477: 20751: 20506: 20496: 20145: 20106: 19948: 19556: 19526: 19250: 18124: 18098: 18057: 18018: 17935: 17848: 17769: 17624: 17570: 17565: 17332: 17256: 17193: 17173: 17054: 17018: 16202: 16105: 16042: 15921: 15764: 15718: 15198: 14507:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

14465: 14412: 13836: 13747: 13304: 12189:

The Psychologies in Religion: Working with the Religious Client

12098: 11974: 11970: 11699:

Hamid Al-Din Al-Kirmani: Ismaili Thought in the Age of Al-Hakim

11166: 11162: 10384:. Japan Center for Area Studies, National Museum of Ethnology. 9522: 8284:", Brandon Toropov, Father Luke Buckles, Alpha; 3rd ed., 2004, 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7774: 7191: 7078: 6963: 6935: 6804: 6775: 6526:, and the Imams following him went into a period of anonymity ( 6484: 6292: 6200: 6192: 5996: 5992: 5850: 5813: 5754: 5670: 5604: 5441:

As of 2015, about 5% of Omanis are Shia (compared to about 50%

5176: 5152: 5147: 4969: 4878: 4873: 4620: 4605: 4560:(no figures exist for the non-citizen population), over 20% in 4506: 4369: 4345: 4337: 4254: 4140: 4136: 4124: 4031: 3987: 3837: 3774: 3699: 3584:(shown below). Two swords were captured from the temple of the 3543: 3540:

definitive separation between the Shia and Sunnī sects of Islam

3530: 3435: 3362:). Subsequently, Muawiyah asserted his claim to the caliphate. 3305: 3227: 3070: 2979: 2864: 2778:. The Sunnīs tend to combine only under certain circumstances. 2576: 2515: 2156: 1988: 1769: 1620:) denotes both the singular noun and the adjective form, while 1423: 1070: 1060: 849: 817: 809: 794: 788: 672: 560: 500: 403: 384: 179: 169: 77: 20697: 14372:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

12146:

The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World

11931:"Arab Coalition Faces New Islamic State Foe in Yemen Conflict" 10536:"Islamic Movement in Nigeria: The Iranian-inspired Shia group" 7263: 6985:

Currently, the most prominent Zaydī political movement is the

6544:

Ismāʿīlīs have categorized their practices which are known as

3293: 2970:

in Shia Islam. 25 Million Shias visiting the shrine each year.

2947: 2890:. This day is also considered as the "'women and mothers' day" 1721: 1675: 1644: 1609: 1305: 593: 22002: 21776: 21756: 21741: 21317: 21143: 20938: 20801: 20756: 20736: 19933: 19330: 19176: 18958: 18373: 18198: 18152: 18140: 17942: 17928: 17887: 17560: 17417: 17403: 17324: 17287: 17178: 16214: 15839: 15640: 15628: 14430: 14405: 14376: 13765: 12044: 10521:"More Trouble Between Nigeria's Shia Minority and the Police" 10284: 8026: 8024: 8022: 7762: 7203: 6990: 6910:; it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the 6645: 6606: 6574: 6564: 6446: 6430: 6409: 6383: 6316: 6288: 6276: 6268: 6059: 5988: 5955: 5935: 5927: 5920: 5899: 5750: 5746: 5658: 5442: 5392: 5387: 4988: 4983: 4843: 4838: 4808: 4659: 4647: 4386: 4349:(accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the 4333: 4306: 4185: 4132: 4108: 3918: 3857: 3806: 3751: 3702:(accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the 3612: 3358: 3333: 3247: 3148: 2987: 2975: 2897: 2858: 2775: 2752: 2747: 2728: 2503: 2479: 2423:) similar to Muhammad, according to the Shīʿīte perspective. 2396: 2230: 2089:), the Islamic profession of faith, differs from that of the 2048: 2044: 2036: 1964: 1952: 1900: 1817: 1785: 1753: 1475: 1321: 1212: 1090: 781: 739: 732: 655: 647: 413: 389: 13018:

Early Shiʻi Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir

12621:"The Islamic State Exploits Entrenched Anti-Shia Incitement" 11446:. Embassy of the Republic of Yemen in Canada. Archived from 7995: 5723:

Sunni reports about there being 12 successors to the Prophet

3230:'s husband, first emerged as a distinct movement during the 2750:

five times daily, Shia Muslims have the option of combining

2567:

believe that the future Mahdi has not yet arrived on Earth.

2533:

Twelver Shīʿa Muslims believe that the prophesied Mahdi and

21927: 21816: 19764: 18703: 18039: 18011: 17961: 17908: 17853: 17424: 16872:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

14416: 14411:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

14341: 12048: 12025:

Rickenbacher, Daniel (August 2019). Jikeli, Gunther (ed.).

11418:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 106–108. 7082: 6903: 6652:) in Yemen to appoint a vicegerent after the seclusion—the 6596: 6590: 6230: 5964: 5915: 5907: 5576: 5564: 5468:

Schools of Islamic theology § Shia schools of theology

5422: 5417: 4779: 4774: 4709: 4616: 4578:

hosts a number of distinct Shia communities, including the

4389:

school of thought also increased in strength at this time.

4266: 4238: 3994: 3970: 3782: 3661: 3396: 3309: 3110: 3051: 2959: 2810: 2740: 2471: 2063: 1968: 1780:

refers to those who believe that ʿAlī is designated as the

1765: 1724: 1687: 1647: 1612: 1308: 841: 749: 16832:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

12740:

The Charismatic Community: Shiʻite Identity in Early Islam

11969:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 11161:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 10930:"Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement" 10909: 8913:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 3. 8820: 8019: 6682:) differ on who the current "Unrestricted Missionary" is. 6315:, and in recent years several Ismāʿīlīs have emigrated to 3973:

dynasty with several lines that ruled in various parts of

2920:, anniversary of the night of the revelation of the Quran. 2498:

held in various denominations of Shīʿa Islam concerning a

1718: 1672: 1641: 1606: 1302: 21826: 21791: 20466: 19840: 14775: 11470:"Yemen [Yamaniyyah]: general data of the country" 9652: 7754: 7675:

Foody, Kathleen (September 2015). Jain, Andrea R. (ed.).

7232:

The most recent campaign of anti-Shia oppression was the

5874: 5616: 3657: 3265: 3223: 3203: 3176:

as "the Shiite Ismaili century in the history of Islam".

2999: 2893: 2758: 2467: 2388: 1984: 1757: 1678: 1332: 14517:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

12522:

Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.).

12245:"Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Shiʻism or schism" 11791:

Global, Regional, and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis

11093:"The Right Path: A Post-Mongol Persian Ismaili Treatise" 10550:"2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Kuwait" 10285:

Charton-Bigot, Helene; Rodriguez-Torres, Deyssi (2010).

8591:

Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People

8405: 7129:

allies and imprisoned, persecuted, and killed them. The

6850:

first Zaydī Imam and founder of the Zaydī State in Yemen

5753:

with justice but also is able to keep and interpret the

5539:

often refer to the Twelvers by default. The designation

4381:

an opportunity to fill the legal vacuum and enabled the

2563:("Unrestricted Missionary") maintains contact with him. 12604:"Anti-Shiite and Anti-Iranian Discourses in ISIS Texts" 11538:. ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972). p. 38. 11070:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–4. 10463:

Turkish–Azerbaijani Relations: One Nation – Two States?

7887:. New York: Macmillan reference USA. pp. 621–624. 6162:, wherein they differ from the Twelvers, who recognize 6066:

groups in favoring the idea of the establishment of an

18746: 12271:"The Shia, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon" 11780: 11778: 11776: 10867: 10855: 10444:"Islam's gradual resurgence in post-Soviet Azerbaijan" 10378:

Yasurō Hase; Hiroyuki Miyake; Fumiko Oshikawa (2002).

10131:

Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%

8235:

Expectation of the Millennium : Shiìsm in History

6441:, a claimant to the Ismāʿīlī Imamate, established the 5995:, and identify legal decisions within the confines of 5963:

According to Twelvers, defining and interpretation of

4526:, although the total number is difficult to estimate. 4518:. It is estimated that either 10–20% or 10–13% of the 3332:

in 656, where Ali's forces emerged victorious against

2906:

is the birth date of the 12th and final Twelver imam,

2792:

Shia Muslims celebrate the following annual holidays:

2510:, the main goal of Imam Mahdi will be to establish an 30:"Shia" and "Shias" redirect here. For other uses, see 14569:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

14532:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

12932:

Eternal Performance: Taziyah and Other Shiite Rituals

12020: 12018: 12016: 11909:"Yemen govt vows to stay in Aden despite IS bombings" 11407: 11212:

Poonawala, Ismail K. (July–September 1999). "Review:

9836:"Foreign Affairs – When the Shiites Rise – Vali Nasr" 9600:"Jurisprudence and Law – Islam: Reorienting the Veil" 9433: 9188: 9186: 8880:; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.). 4143:, Muhammad's daughter, from whom they claim descent. 3304:

With the murder of ʿUthmān in 657 CE, the Muslims of

3117:, who have historically played a crucial role in the 2799:, which marks the end of fasting during the month of 2774:, as there are three distinct times mentioned in the 2639:, were handed down in succession to the Imams of the 1927: 1681: 1441:, the idea that certain descendants of Muhammad, the 16804:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

14402:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

13348: 12247:. Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 17 March 2004. Archived from 11531: 11521:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 262. 9403:

The Cambridge illustrated history of the Middle Ages

7259: 5179:, whom the Kuwaiti government count as Shia). Among 4665: 3846:

sectarian differences within the boundaries of Islam

3800: 3746:

otherwise, I will send you to the land of Dus." (An

3741:

lashed him, rebuked him, and forbade him to narrate

2418: 2382: 2362: 2342: 2253: 2006: 1747: 1727: 1572: 1566: 1401: 1354: 12875:Ṭabataba'i, Allamah Sayyid Muḥammad Husayn (1977). 11952: 11950: 11948: 11787:"The Role of "Coup Forces," Saleh, and the Houthis" 11773: 11500:"Sunni-Shiʻa Schism: Less There Than Meets the Eye" 11059: 8321:Al-Kulayni, Abu Jaʼfar Muhammad ibn Yaʼqub (2015). 8238:, State University of New York Press, 1989, p. 19, 6424:. In contrast, some Ismāʿīlīs believed the Imamate 5531:is the largest branch of Shia Islam, and the terms 3618:Later, most denominations of Shia Islam, including 3603:Depiction of ʿAlī's sword and shield carved on the 1715: 1693: 1669: 1638: 1603: 1529:. Significant Shiite communities are also found in 1299: 16848:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 16796:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 14510:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 13134: 12826: 12379:"Saudi Arabia – The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam" 12013: 11572: 11532:Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340). 10170:Merrick, Jane; Sengupta, Kim (20 September 2009). 9347:. New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc. p. 313. 9243:Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 9183: 8939:"The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman" 8680: 8406:Trawicky, Bernard; Wilhelme Gregory, Ruth (2002). 8325:. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. 7970: 7968: 7812: 7800: 7537: 6050:greatly inspired by the political ideology of the 5773:) through Muhammad. The twelfth and final Imam is 5451: 4510:Map of the Muslim world's schools of jurisprudence 2910:. It is celebrated by Shia Muslims on the 15th of 2150:. The three clauses of the Shīʿīte version of the 16336:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 13113:Expectation of the Millennium: Shiʻism in History 13103: 12083:Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). 10489:"Why have Afghanistan's Shias been targeted now?" 9938:"International Religious Freedom Report for 2012" 9679: 9674:Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide 7829:. London: Islamic Centre of England. p. 56. 4696:Percent of population that is Shia in 2009 (Pew) 4009:in 1219–1224, and founded by Genghis's grandson, 3222:The Shia, originally known as the "partisans" of 1899:, all bound by the belief that the leader of the 23685: 15265: 14499:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 12678:. Columbia University Center for Iranian Studies 11945: 11282:"al-Hakim bi Amr Allah: Fatimid Caliph of Egypt" 10311: 7491:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 7466:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 6166:, younger brother of Ismāʿīl, as the true Imam. 4699:Percent of global Shia population in 2009 (Pew) 2154:thus address the fundamental Islamic beliefs of 2022: 16663:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 14513:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 13403: 12697:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A–L 12132: 12130: 12078: 12076: 11755:"Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsbibliotheek" 11570: 11144: 11142: 11140: 11138: 11136: 11134: 10641:Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism 10416:. Central Intelligence Agency. 2 December 2021. 10371: 10318:. kassel university press GmbH. pp. 136–. 10288:Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City 10169: 10055: 9461: 9459: 8382:Ritual, politics, and the city in Fatimid Cairo 8216:"How do Sunnis and Shias differ theologically?" 7965: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7493:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. pp. 1–3. 6150:as the divinely appointed spiritual successor ( 5458:Islamic schools and branches § Shīʿa Islam 5106:, an Iranian-inspired Shia organization led by 3876:(ʿĪsā), who is to assist the Mahdi against the 2962:, is a complex which contains the mausoleum of 2707:Doctrine about necessity of acquiring knowledge 2486:—once appeared and offered prayers at Jamkaran. 12879:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 12874: 12289:"The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam" 11883:"Yemen's Houthis form own government in Sanaa" 11838: 11836: 11834: 11742:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11685:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11672:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11603: 10429:"Why Azerbaijan is closer to Israel than Iran" 8868: 8866: 7649: 7049: 5248:Shi'a Muslims in Tajikistan are predominantly 4332:school of thought, which taught that only the 3997:in the 13th century, considered a part of the 3698:on the interpretation of some Quranic verses, 3438:, where in 670 CE he was poisoned by his wife 3121:, received relatively more lenient treatment. 2831:for Shia Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of 2596:Hadith of the invitation of the close families 18719: 17272: 15244:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 14594:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 13688: 13389: 12435:"Christian outsider in Saddam's inner circle" 11214:The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning 9912:"International Religious Freedom Report 2010" 9267:"نقد و بررسى گرایش ایلخانان به اسلام و تشیّع" 9149:"امامت از منظر متکلّمان شیعی و فلاسفه اسلامی" 9074:Religious trends in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 8587: 8412:. American Library Association. p. 233. 8282:The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 7670: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7468:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. p. 11. 7332:Imamate and guardianship of Ali ibn Abi Talib 6882:whose dynasty, named after its first sultan, 6670:). The three branches of Musta‘lī Ismāʿīlīs ( 6146:, derive their name from their acceptance of 5749:human individual who not only rules over the 3688:This difference between following either the 3549: 3365: 2107:لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله 1410:. This view primarily contrasts with that of 1271: 616: 13294: 13034: 12790:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 12192:. Springer Publishing Company. p. 237. 12186:Stevan Lars Nielson; E. Thomas Dowd (2006). 12127: 12082: 12073: 12024: 11789:. In Day, Stephen W.; Brehony, Noel (eds.). 11784: 11131: 10797: 10795: 10514: 10512: 10305: 10172:"Yemen: The land with more guns than people" 9470:. In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). 9456: 9297:"The Five Kingdoms of the Bahmani Sultanate" 9012:""Solhe Emam Hassan"-Imam Hassan Sets Peace" 7507: 6082:was the first person to identify himself as 2553:believe the same but for their 21st Ṭayyib, 2285:Shīʿa Muslims also attribute the quality to 2056: 16342:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 12693:Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World 12515: 11875: 11831: 11492: 10674:God's rule: the politics of world religions 10588: 10455: 10453: 10072:on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from 9830: 9828: 8872: 8863: 8524:. Archived from the original on 3 June 2002 7974: 7682:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 7162:(1512–1520) ordered the massacre of 40,000 7085:, houses the mausoleums of the two sons of 6404:, many Ismāʿīlīs believed that one day the 3862:prophesied eschatological redeemer of Islam 3101:. This categorization sometimes extends to 3002:are the most revered by Shīʿa Muslims. The 2293:, daughter of Muhammad, in contrast to the 18726: 18712: 17279: 17265: 16363:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 13715: 13695: 13681: 13396: 13382: 12929: 12852: 12756: 12629:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 12618: 11956: 11740:Article by Sayyid Ali ibn ' Ali Al-Zaidi, 11683:Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, 11385: 11205: 10893:(in Persian). 1 March 2020. Archived from 10808:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 7. 10357:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 55. 10142: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9764: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9523:Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (1976). 8847:. Oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from 8346:Allamah Muhammad Rida Al Muzaffar (1989). 8320: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8098: 8096: 7885:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 7655: 7141:acts. Comprising only about 10–15% of the 6617: 5886:: the rightful place of the Shīʿīte Imams. 5841:to the Jaʿfari jurisprudence are known as 4269:, rebuilt various important Sunnī shrines. 4001:. The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on 3576:of ʿAlī's sword is carved on the gates of 3093:, has considered non-Muslims as agents of 2541:, is already on Earth in Occultation, and 2139:of God is derived from the Qur'anic verse 1278: 1264: 623: 609: 13327: 13155: 12804: 12555: 12545: 12529:Journal of Language and Social Psychology 12110: 12056: 11986: 11670:Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, 11211: 11178: 10839:Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness 10792: 10605:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 2. 10554:Office of International Religious Freedom 10509: 10350: 10291:. African Books Collective. p. 239. 10261: 9986: 9930: 9236: 9234: 9176: 9174: 8969:"Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism" 8687:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 8628:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 8567:. Columbia University Press. p. 22. 7702: 7389:Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State 7354:Intellectual proofs in Shia jurisprudence 4285:. This caused a number of changes in the 4030:. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with 2619: 2502:, the hidden and last Imam known as "the 1987:to be Muhammad's successor and the first 1883:Learn how and when to remove this message 21246: 15965:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 14504:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 13129: 12432: 12215:"Hanging will bring only more bloodshed" 11721: 11575:Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law 11219:Journal of the American Oriental Society 10518: 10450: 10426: 10278: 10264:"Nigeria: 'No Settlement With Iran Yet'" 9825: 9042: 7757:as his friend, but appointed him as his 7594:. In subsequent sections, the spellings 7488: 7463: 7069: 6976:second dominant religious group in Yemen 6926:were initially Zaydī Shias, as were the 6754:. However, there is also a group called 6746:, is a branch of Shia Islam named after 6718: 6699: 6225: 4505: 4469: 4385:to assert their judicial authority. The 4216: 4213:Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam 4083: 4059: 4048:(1347–1527): a Shia Muslim state of the 3832: 3648: 3598: 3562: 3460:-based Persian artist Abbas Al-Mousavi, 3448: 3383: 3292: 3197: 2946: 2722: 2458: 2426: 2265:'protection') is the concept of 2220: 2099:La ilaha illallah, Muhammadun rasulullah 2030: 1947: 22538: 16188:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 13196: 13075: 12950: 12782: 12646: 12601: 12586: 12399: 11967:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 11516: 11413: 11336:. Temple Lodge Publishing. p. 83. 11159:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 11065: 10927: 10861: 10801: 10770: 10706: 10687:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 10637: 10534:Tangaza, Haruna Shehu (5 August 2019). 10533: 10486: 10459: 10222: 10096: 9914:. U.S. Government Department of State. 9761: 9606: 9465: 9342: 9089: 9070: 8906: 8876:(2014). "Ghadīr Khumm". In Kate Fleet; 8766: 8511: 8458: 8378: 8362:"The Beliefs of Shia Islam – Chapter 1" 8307: 8109:. Transaction Publishers. p. 463. 8102: 8093: 8075:"اضافه شدن نام حضرت علی (ع) به شهادتین" 8041: 7857: 7558: 7200:attacked and sacked the city of Karbala 7170:(Anatolian Shia Muslims). According to 7019:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 7003:Houthis took over the Yemeni government 5547:". Twelver Shia are otherwise known as 4646:states. Several African countries like 3300:, site of ʿAlī's assassination (661 CE) 1860:cluttered, inconsistent, and confusing. 14: 23686: 15545: 15188:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 13311:at the Aga Khan Centre. Archived from 13295:Daftary, Farhad; Nanji, Azim (2018) . 13213: 13015: 12737: 12713: 12690: 12494:International Religious Freedom Report 12212: 12136: 11919:from the original on 22 December 2015. 11696: 11579:. Princeton University Press. p. 11306: 11148: 11090: 10915: 10873: 10753: 10749:from the original on 23 November 2011. 10594: 10579: 10196: 10145:"Saudi Arabia's Shia press for rights" 9872:from the original on 28 December 2008. 9780: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9718: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9710: 9619:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population" 9406:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9328:. Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from 9315: 9240: 9231: 9171: 8678: 8650: 8621: 8588:Dabrowska, Karen; Hann, Geoff (2008). 8505: 7882: 7775:special insight into the Qurʾanic text 7761:—as the "lord" or "master" of the new 7489:Armajani, Jon (2020). "Introduction". 6603: 6587: 6571: 6555: 6518:. The former denomination claims that 4634:, made up of modern-era converts to a 4221:One of the first actions performed by 3415:Upon the death of ʿAlī, his elder son 1434:) caliph after Muhammad (632–634 CE). 22537: 21695: 21245: 18745: 18707: 18459: 18227: 17843: 17260: 16756:Sovereign State of the Bektashi Order 15264: 14337:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 13714: 13676: 13377: 13174: 13053: 12898:. London: Islamic Centre of England. 12893: 12521: 12467:from the original on 28 February 2014 12402:"Long path to Iraq's sectarian split" 12041:The Return of Religious Antisemitism? 11842: 11610:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 844. 11331: 11311:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 86. 10982:from the original on 18 February 2007 10388:from the original on 6 September 2015 10274:from the original on 18 October 2012. 10209:from the original on 29 August 2020. 10063:"Shia women too can initiate divorce" 9918:from the original on 13 December 2019 9819: 9746:from the original on 14 December 2015 9625:from the original on 14 December 2015 9602:. University of North Carolina. 2009. 9586: 9574: 9192: 9143: 9141: 9107:from the original on 9 February 2015. 8674: 8672: 8646: 8644: 8617: 8615: 8560: 8499:"Karbala and Najaf: Shia holy cities" 8368:from the original on 25 October 2016. 8218:. BBC. 19 August 2009. Archived from 8184: 7959: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7824: 7674: 7567:"Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic" 7394:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 7369:List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam 6253:by default, who are followers of the 6124: 5737:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 5667:collections of sayings and traditions 5648:: God's final assessment of humanity. 4819:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 4754:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 4702:Population estimate ranges and notes 3819:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 3534:), and count him as an Imam from the 2441:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 1975:Shīʿa Muslims believe that just as a 18228: 17844: 13702: 12996: 12974: 12225:from the original on 29 October 2019 12213:Maddox, Bronwen (30 December 2006). 11889:from the original on 7 February 2015 11785:Nevola, Luca; Shiban, Baraa (2020). 11660:from the original on 29 August 2012. 11634:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 10556:, United States Department of State. 10216: 9950: 9842:from the original on 15 January 2014 9543:from the original on 11 January 2017 8910:On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr 8594:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 239. 8051:. Mideastweb.org. 14 November 2008. 7883:Martin, Richard C. (2003). "Shīʿa". 7544:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 192. 7248:by the same organization during the 7001:("Partisans of God"). In 2014–2015, 6366:esoteric interpretation of the Quran 6215:), who as A'immah were guides and a 5801:The Twelver jurisprudence is called 4676:Mapping the Global Muslim Population 4368:)—became much weaker. This gave the 4241:, causing sectarian tensions in the 4146:In 909 CE, the Shia military leader 4079: 3938:dynasty. Their headquarters were in 3789:), he had a close relationship with 3511:; right: the shrine premises during 2614:have their own separate hadith canon 1833: 15976:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 13351:"Shia Islam: History and Doctrines" 13203:Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 13199:"The Dilemmas of Pan-Islamic Unity" 13197:Khalaji, Mehdi (27 November 2009). 13177:Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects 12838:( ed.). London: I. B. Tauris 12400:Gritten, David (25 February 2006). 12383:Library of Congress Country Studies 12291:. Islamfortoday.com. Archived from 11857:Woodrow Wilson International Center 11607:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics 10487:Massoud, Waheed (6 December 2011). 10332:from the original on 9 October 2013 10243:from the original on 1 January 2014 10229:. Diane Publishing. pp. 261–. 10143:al-Qudaihi, Anees (24 March 2009). 10070:Library of Congress Country Studies 10023:Library of Congress Country Studies 9976:from the original on 18 March 2015. 9886:(Second ed.). Washington, DC: 9876: 9781:Miller, Tracy, ed. (October 2009). 9707: 9640: 9018:from the original on 11 March 2013. 8927:from the original on 22 April 2016. 8718:from the original on 8 January 2024 8440:from the original on 25 August 2018 7941:from the original on 2 January 2005 7613:"Difference Between The Meaning Of 7021:seeking to restore Hadi in power. ( 6873: 6043: 5939:(struggle) for the righteous cause; 5712: 5181:Kuwait's large expatriate community 4632:Shia minority is present in Nigeria 4321:phenomenon to become predominantly 4245:when he destroyed the tombs of the 4165: 3848:, in contrast to the traditions of 2570: 2408: 2372: 2352: 2332: 2243: 2207: 2186: 2165: 2125: 2106: 2086: 2057: 1996: 1897:various denominations and subgroups 1594: 1582: 1452: 1391: 1368: 1344: 24: 22507:Religions and spiritual traditions 18748:Religious groups and denominations 12922: 12854:Tabatabaei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 12766:Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 12503:from the original on 28 March 2017 12167:from the original on 21 March 2015 11941:from the original on 4 March 2016. 11560:from the original on 12 June 2008. 11502:. 1991. p. 24. Archived from 10788:from the original on 1 April 2012. 10441: 10427:Reynolds, James (12 August 2012). 10351:Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). 9472:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 9336: 9321: 9241:Gleave, Robert (2004). "Imamate". 9138: 8801: 8679:Moreen, Vera B. (1 October 2010), 8669: 8641: 8612: 8479:from the original on 24 April 2016 8461:"Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine" 8262:from the original on 29 April 2011 7863: 6919:or rival Zaydī Imams within Iran. 6823: 6729:Al-Mutawakkil Ismāʿīl bin al-Qāsim 6467:The second split occurred between 6360:interpretation of Shia Islam, the 6237:, is the 49th and current Imam of 6169:After the death or Occultation of 6015:, meaning "reference"; the labels 5870:: resurrection and final judgment; 4233:denomination of Shia Islam as the 4119:(909–1171 CE): Controlled much of 3664:, which contains the mausoleum of 2701: 2217:'Imamate or leadership'). 1928:Alī: Muhammad's Rightful Successor 1830:Shia Islamic beliefs and practices 25: 23705: 16348:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 13328:Muharrami, Ghulam-Husayn (2003). 13256: 12806:Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein 12619:Matthiesen, Toby (21 July 2015). 12433:Whitaker, Brian (25 April 2003). 12414:from the original on 27 July 2008 12317:. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. 11863:from the original on 7 March 2022 11638:from the original on 6 July 2015. 11480:from the original on 4 March 2016 11288:from the original on 6 April 2007 10689:, Oxford University Press, 2002. 10151:from the original on 7 April 2010 10038:from the original on 17 July 2005 9204: 8949:from the original on 27 July 2016 8622:Tsadik, Daniel (1 October 2010), 8154:from the original on 20 July 2019 8049:"Encyclopedia of the Middle East" 7631:from the original on 31 July 2019 6342: 6094:Persian Constitutional Revolution 5595:. These five principles known as 5299:Islam in the United Arab Emirates 4666:Significant populations worldwide 4202: 3801:Imam Mahdi, last Imam of the Shia 3729:, for example, Ibn Asakir in his 3572:with and without the shield. The 2926:celebrates a meeting between the 2682:(leadership), similar to how the 1971:, the holiest site in Shia Islam. 23667: 23658: 23657: 23471:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22613:Democratic Republic of the Congo 18688: 18687: 18676: 18207:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 17455:Timeline of the history of Islam 17286: 16366:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 14588:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 14460:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 14138:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 13361:(International Shia News Agency) 13035:Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). 12580: 12479: 12453: 12426: 12393: 12371: 12348: 12328: 12307: 12281: 12263: 12237: 12206: 12179: 11923: 11901: 11843:Glenn, Cameron (29 April 2015). 11747: 11734: 11722:Madelung, W. (7 December 2007). 11715: 11690: 11677: 11664: 11642: 11624: 11597: 11564: 11542: 11525: 11510: 11462: 11432: 11379: 11353: 11325: 11300: 11274: 11084: 11033: 11007: 10994: 10968: 10921: 10879: 10831: 10822: 10729: 10712: 10700: 10679: 10667: 10658: 10644:. Scarecrow Press. p. 319. 10631: 10573: 10560: 10542: 10527: 10495: 10480: 10435: 10420: 10400: 10344: 10255: 10190: 10163: 10136: 10007: 9980: 9904: 9504:from the original on 16 May 2016 9132:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378 8258:. ReligionFacts. 17 March 2004. 8055:from the original on 12 May 2011 7983:from the original on 17 May 2015 7915:from the original on 14 May 2011 7564: 7432: 7290: 7276: 7262: 7133:has often been characterized by 7066:Sectarian violence among Muslims 7027:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 6685: 6096:at the start of 20th century in 6027:are in use for Twelver clerics. 5784: 5416: 5386: 5356: 5317: 5287: 5257: 5223: 5189: 5146: 5116: 5077: 5048: 5017: 4982: 4943: 4907: 4872: 4837: 4807: 4773: 4742: 4708: 4436: 4425:sectarian crisis between Muslims 4413: 4394: 4139:. The group takes its name from 3593:Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali 3497: 3488: 3261:("commander of the believers"). 3089:Shia orthodoxy, particularly in 2588:Hadith of the two weighty things 2395:not only ruling over the entire 1838: 1711: 1665: 1634: 1599: 1295: 1245: 654: 592: 61: 22078:Evolutionary origin of religion 18548:List of ex-Muslim organisations 16918:United Submitters International 16197:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 15575:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 14928:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 13214:Bohdan, Siarhei (Summer 2020). 12934:. University of Chicago Press. 12338:. Infobase Publishing. p. 385. 11885:. Al Jazeera. 6 February 2015. 11757:. Library.uu.nl. Archived from 11416:A Short History of the Ismailis 11068:A Short History of the Ismailis 11047:from the original on 6 May 2007 10619:from the original on 1 May 2016 10580:Erlich, Reese (4 August 2015). 10568:The United States and the World 10523:. Council on Foreign Relations. 10519:Campbell, John (10 July 2019). 10197:Sharma, Hriday (30 June 2011). 9862:"Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias" 9854: 9813: 9592: 9580: 9568: 9555: 9516: 9427: 9393: 9376:. Harcourt Press. p. 209. 9361: 9289: 9259: 9222: 9213: 9198: 9111: 9064: 9055: 9036: 9022: 9004: 8987: 8961: 8931: 8900: 8894:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 8837: 8795: 8779: 8757: 8748: 8739: 8730: 8712:Association for Iranian Studies 8700: 8581: 8554: 8491: 8459:Higgins, Andrew (2 June 2007). 8452: 8426: 8399: 8372: 8354: 8339: 8295: 8274: 8248: 8226: 8208: 8199: 8190: 8178: 8166: 8136: 8123: 8067: 7953: 7927: 7901: 7851: 7818: 7806: 7794: 7317:Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam 7011:Saudi Arabian-backed government 7009:, which led to the fall of the 6942:, founded the Zaydī Imamate at 6233:Karim al-Husayni, known as the 6046:) is a new denomination within 5949:Directing others away from evil 5809:school of Islamic jurisprudence 5727:Hadith of the Twelve Successors 5555:; the latter term derives from 5452:Major denominations or branches 4682:Nations with over 100,000 Shia 4459: 3426:enforced public cursing of ʿAlī 3105:, individuals belonging to the 2612:and close associates, and most 2600:Hadith of the Twelve Successors 22429:Separation of church and state 21087:Polytheistic reconstructionism 17212:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 16225:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 14938:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 14933:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 14591:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 14212:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 12982:. Edinburgh University Press. 12957:Shiʻism: A Religion of Protest 12812:. Oxford University Press US. 12788:A History of Islamic Societies 12768:. Cambridge University Press. 10354:Culture and customs of Somalia 10262:Paul Ohia (16 November 2010). 10117:on Afghanistan. Archived from 9691:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 9529:. Cambridge University Press. 9434:Saunders, John Joseph (1990). 9374:The Mainstream of Civilization 9045:"Ḥasan b. ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb". 8763:See: Lapidus p. 47, Holt p. 72 8256:"Compare Shia and Sunni Islam" 7813:Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 7801:Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 7643: 7605: 7582:is an alternative spelling of 7573: 7531: 7482: 7457: 7364:List of Shia Islamic dynasties 6954:deposed the last Zaydī Imam. ( 5765:, and Imams must be chosen by 5696:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 5645:Resurrection and Last Judgment 4693:Shia population in 2009 (Pew) 4516:second largest branch of Islam 3264:When Muhammad died in 632 CE, 2543:will return at the end of time 1560: 27:Second-largest branch of Islam 13: 1: 20080:Traditional Sabahan religions 16639:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 14965:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 13179:. Syracuse University Press. 13156:Wollaston, Arthur N. (2005). 12999:The Shiʻites: A Short History 12930:Chelkowski, Peter J. (2010). 12720:History of Islamic Philosophy 12154:Center for Middle East Policy 11041:"News Summary: China; Latvia" 10928:Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). 10676:, p. 146, Jacob Neusner, 2003 8512:Escobar, Pepe (24 May 2002). 7420: 6952:republican revolution of 1962 6765: 6552: 6207:) attributed to Muhammad and 6009:and the clerics are known as 5943:Directing others towards good 5591:Twelver doctrine is based on 4564:, 5–20% of the population in 4273:A major turning point in the 4069: 3906:In the century following the 3446:and saw Ḥasan as an obstacle. 3016:Shrine of Fāṭimah al-Maʿṣūmah 2936: 2808:, which marks the end of the 2271:other prophets and messengers 2148:Muhammad's family and lineage 1571:derives from the Arabic term 282: 18733: 18533:Apostasy in Islam by country 18410:Liberalism and progressivism 16327:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 16268:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 16249:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 15267:Islamic schools and branches 14102:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 14007:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 13309:Institute of Ismaili Studies 13264:"Shi'a History and Identity" 12960:. Harvard University Press. 12738:Dakake, Maria Massi (2008). 11807:10.1007/978-3-030-35578-4_15 11697:Walker, Paul Ernest (1999). 11091:Virani, Shafique N. (2010). 10946:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828 9345:Worlds Together Worlds Apart 9273:(in Persian). Archived from 9155:(in Persian). Archived from 9077:. p. 11. Archived from 8886:Encyclopaedia of Islam Three 8016:, LoC: BL31.M47 1999, p. 525 7695:American Academy of Religion 7569:(4th ed.). p. 598. 7450: 7440:Council on Foreign Relations 7225:in 1980. In March 2011, the 6794:, and Ibrahim ibn Abdullah. 6666:Imams remains in seclusion ( 6030: 4451:of the Shia and Sunnī sects 4313:The growth in importance of 4229:was the proclamation of the 4196:, he was freed by al-Muʻizz. 4034:in 1295, chose Islam as the 3895: 2718: 2196:'prophethood'), and 424:Bektashism and folk religion 7: 22287:National religiosity levels 21512:Nauruan Indigenous religion 21067:Hellenism (modern religion) 16259:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 14955:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 14312:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 14247:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 13404:Shia Islam around the World 12691:Martin, Richard C. (2004). 12675:Encyclopædia Iranica Online 12137:Bunzel, Cole (March 2015). 10505:. CIA World Factbook. 2020. 10109:Central Intelligence Agency 10015:"Country Profile: Pakistan" 9966:Strategic Studies Institute 9436:A History of Medieval Islam 9343:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). 9299:. orbat.com. Archived from 9049:. Retrieved 7 November 2018 8514:"Knocking on heaven's door" 8385:. SUNY Press. p. 121. 8350:. Ansariyan Qum. p. 1. 7538:Duncan S. Ferguson (2010). 7347:Imamate in Twelver doctrine 7337:Imamate in Ismaili doctrine 7255: 7050:Persecution of Shia Muslims 6859: 6792:Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya 6412:, whom they believed to be 6249:, often referred to as the 5854:: unity and oneness of God; 5719:Imamate in Twelver doctrine 5586: 5504:usually carry the title of 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368:Islam in the United Kingdom 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5217: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5104:Islamic Movement in Nigeria 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060:Shi'a Islam in Saudi Arabia 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4801: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4766: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4736: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4443:Monument commemorating the 4158:Al-Qaid Jawhar ibn Abdallah 3725:are not included. Those of 3389:S̲h̲āh ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm Shrine 3214:, fol. 162r, 1308–1309 CE, 2984:two holiest cities of Islam 2943:Holiest sites in Shia Islam 2781: 2690:signaled prophethood. Imam 2592:Hadith of the pen and paper 2584:Hadith of the pond of Khumm 2419: 2383: 2363: 2343: 2254: 2175:'oneness of God'), 2093:. The Sunnī version of the 2075:The Shīʿīte version of the 2007: 1858:. The specific problem is: 1804:show: "Indeed, Allah chose 1748: 1624:refers to the plural noun. 1573: 1567: 1402: 1384:Muhammad's other companions 1355: 829:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 23710: 21696: 18460: 17015:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 16455:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 16208:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 15886:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 15370:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14626:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14257:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 14217:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 14042:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 13349:Ayatullāh Jaʿfar Subḥānī. 13077:Shirazi, Sultanu'l-Wa'izin 13016:Lalani, Arzina R. (2000). 12639: 11845:"Who are Yemen's Houthis?" 11517:Hodgson, Marshall (1961). 10595:Newman, Andrew J. (2013). 10466:. Routledge. p. 128. 9969:. April 2008. p. 87. 9438:. Routledge. p. 133. 9097:"Lesson 13: Imam's Traits" 9043:Madelung, Wilfred (2003). 8774:Atlas of the Islamic World 8409:Anniversaries and holidays 7342:Imamate in Nizari doctrine 7063: 7053: 6693: 6539: 6420:, who had a stronghold in 6346: 6132: 5931:(alms giving to the poor); 5862:: prophethood of Muhammad; 5794: 5788: 5730: 5716: 5517: 5513: 5464:List of extinct Shia sects 5461: 5455: 5333:Shia Islam in the Americas 5329:Islam in the United States 4955:Shi'a Islam in Afghanistan 4463: 4206: 3977:, northern Syria and Iraq. 3899: 3822: 3804: 3556: 3369: 3366:Hasan, Husayn, and Karbala 3183: 3179: 3159: 3155: 2940: 2785: 2557:, and also believe that a 2444: 2434: 2228: 1941: 1931: 1827: 1823: 1756:after Muhammad belongs to 29: 23653: 23572: 23489: 23361: 23106: 22831: 22548: 22544: 22533: 22442: 22367: 22143: 22051: 21988: 21706: 21702: 21691: 21254: 21241: 21166: 20989: 20971:Transcendental Meditation 20864: 20851: 20816: 20564: 20541: 20530: 20457: 20420: 20159: 20055: 20037: 19981: 19972: 19889: 19817: 19668: 19659: 19617: 19589: 19547: 19480: 19471: 19462: 19428: 19395: 19367: 19358: 19308: 19175: 18862: 18776: 18767: 18758: 18754: 18741: 18671: 18556: 18523: 18473: 18469: 18455: 18382: 18349: 18321:Geography and cartography 18296: 18243: 18239: 18223: 18049: 17971: 17918: 17867: 17863: 17839: 17709: 17591: 17551: 17434: 17386: 17310: 17306: 17295: 17206: 17159: 17111: 17065: 16955: 16942: 16881: 16778: 16716: 16699: 16586: 16534: 16525: 16464: 16381: 16315: 16292: 16239: 16159: 16144: 16074: 15941: 15784: 15648: 15623: 15599:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 15536: 15436: 15286: 15277: 15273: 15260: 15234: 15179: 15126: 15022: 15015: 14973: 14943:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 14903: 14761: 14658:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 14606: 14576: 14483: 14451: 14392: 14350: 14171: 14125: 14112:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 14087:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 13937:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 13876: 13867: 13835: 13807: 13774: 13746: 13739: 13735: 13710: 13409: 13061:. Yale University Press. 12112:10.1163/15730255-12314024 11988:10.1163/9789004435544_026 11390:. Routledge. p. 33. 11386:J. Stewart, Dona (2008). 11307:Pintak, Lawrence (2019). 11228:American Oriental Society 11180:10.1163/9789004435544_038 11109:10.1080/00210860903541988 10638:Guidère, Mathieu (2012). 10312:Heinrich Matthée (2008). 10203:E-international Relations 9987:Shankland, David (2003). 9563:Atlas of the Muslim World 8874:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali 8808:. Encyclopedia Britannica 8546:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8196:Corbin (1993), pp. 48, 49 8131:Atlas of the Muslim World 6713:first Zaydī Imam of Yemen 6414:Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl 6171:Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl 5640:) are divinely appointed; 5235:Shi'a Islam in Tajikistan 4405:as the state religion of 4265:, upon their conquest of 4176:, he led the conquest of 4131:, and the holy cities of 3586:pre-Islamic Arabian deity 3278:Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah 3132:Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisῑ 3084: 2727:Shia Muslims gathered in 2713:Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar 22598:Central African Republic 19627:Vietnamese folk religion 19018:Charismatic Christianity 18630:Islamic view of miracles 16628:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 15503:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 15117:The Moderation in Belief 14998:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 14736:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 14307:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 14237:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 13272:Cambridge, Massachusetts 13268:shiism.wcfia.harvard.edu 13160:. Kessinger Publishing. 12602:Ghasemi, Faezeh (2017). 12587:Ghasemi, Faezeh (2020). 12547:10.1177/0261927X19868494 11571:Ignác Goldziher (1981). 11414:Daftary, Farhad (1998). 11332:Jonas, Margaret (2011). 11066:Daftary, Farhad (1998). 10976:"Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i" 10802:Richter, Joanne (2006). 10664:Tabataba'i (1979), p. 76 9890:. 2008. pp. 80–81. 9884:Atlas of the Middle East 9071:Mustafa, Ghulam (1968). 8561:Louėr, Laurence (2008). 7979:. Encyclopædia Iranica. 7425: 7327:Imamate in Shia doctrine 7143:global Muslim population 7111:religious discrimination 6846:Al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā 6799:Zaydī doctrine of Imamah 6709:al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā 6439:Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah 6113:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani 5894:, which are as follows: 5741:The Fourteen Infallibles 5652: 4520:global Muslim population 4447:, where more than 7,000 4277:was the dominion of the 3829:Imamate in Shia doctrine 3559:Imamate in Shia doctrine 3226:, Muhammad's cousin and 3218:manuscript illustration) 3124:Shi'ite theologians and 2788:Shia days of remembrance 2455:The Fourteen Infallibles 2306:Shīʿa Muslim theologians 2051:, displaying the phrase 1895:Shīʿa Islam encompasses 1776:expresses that the term 1735:) are the forms used in 1316:) is the second-largest 918:Medieval Islamic science 571:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim 22492:New religious movements 22130:Theories about religion 22083:Evolutionary psychology 21112:Modern Finnish paganism 19094:Independent Catholicism 18395:Creationism (evolution) 17090:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 16481:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 16399:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 16171:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 15110:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 15068:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 14923:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 14327:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 14232:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 14222:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 14062:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 14017:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 13952:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 13278:). 2022. Archived from 13220:The Middle East Journal 12334:George C. Kohn (2007). 11604:James Hastings (2003). 11004:, Norton, (2006), p. 76 10584:. Agence France-Presse. 9466:Masters, Bruce (2009). 9126:(2nd ed.). Brill. 8907:Olawuyi, Toyib (2014). 8379:Sanders, Paula (1994). 8348:The faith of Shia Islam 7691:Oxford University Press 6997:("Believing Youth") or 6993:, known by the name of 6946:in 893–897 CE, and the 6886:, ruled in the western 6727:under the rule of Imam 6618:Contemporary leadership 6524:Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah 5965:Islamic jurisprudence ( 3921:dynasty in what is now 3464:(between 1868 and 1933) 3422:upon certain conditions 3401:ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥasanī 3399:, contains the tomb of 3312:. ʿAlī's rule over the 2896:'s birthday on 13th of 2886:'s birthday on 20th of 2861:, 40 days after Ashura. 2297:, who do not attribute 1478:. Later events such as 23141:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21127:Erzyan native religion 20976:Unitarian Universalism 20365:Native American Church 19138:Oneness Pentecostalism 18645:Persecution of Muslims 18543:List of former Muslims 17460:Succession to Muhammad 16762:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 16339:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 15832:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 15327:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 14988:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 14983:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 14918:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 14878:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 14863:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 14543:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 14538:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 14297:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 14207:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 14202:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 14187:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 14057:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 14022:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 13947:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 13297:"What is Shi'a Islam?" 13087:Ansariyan Publications 12896:Shia political thought 11728:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10934:Middle Eastern Studies 10147:. BBC Arabic Service. 9660:. 2010. Archived from 9271:پرتال جامع علوم انسانی 9219:Corbin 1993, pp. 45–51 9153:پرتال جامع علوم انسانی 9124:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8745:Dakake (2008), pp. 1–2 8232:Nasr, Sayyed Hossein. 7827:Shia political thought 7787:twelfth and final Imam 7769:would become known as 7464:Armajani, Jon (2020). 7414:Shia view of the Quran 7102: 7041:terrorist organization 7015:Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi 6808:descended from either 6732: 6716: 6715:, minted in 910–911 CE 6242: 6074:under the rule of the 5089:Shi'a Islam in Nigeria 5029:Shi'a Islam in Lebanon 4823:12,300,000–18,500,000 4511: 4503: 4300:Initial dependence of 4270: 4184:, founded the city of 4112: 4076: 3969:(990–1096 CE): a Shia 3902:List of Shia dynasties 3853: 3844:both were tolerant of 3685: 3632:successors to Muhammad 3615: 3596: 3465: 3412: 3301: 3219: 3140:Supreme Leader of Iran 3012:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 3004:Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī 2971: 2952:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 2814:or pilgrimage to Mecca 2743: 2487: 2367:) and the messengers ( 2072: 1972: 1961:Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī 1938:Succession to Muhammad 1796:as the Quranic verses 928:Succession to Muhammad 506:Khadija bint Khuwaylid 93:Succession to Muhammad 23461:Saint Kitts and Nevis 22758:São Tomé and Príncipe 22618:Republic of the Congo 20824:Aboriginal Australian 19490:Chinese folk religion 18439:Conversion to mosques 18306:Alchemy and chemistry 17031:Wallace Fard Muhammad 15983:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 15490:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15239:Early Muslim scholars 15047:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 14317:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 14067:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 13977:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 13175:Moosa, Matti (1988). 13001:. Markus Wiener Pub. 12894:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 12590:Anti-Shiism Discourse 12158:Brookings Institution 11474:Population Statistics 11043:. 22 September 2003. 10841:. Taqwa Media. 2012. 9081:on 6 September 2015. 8651:Litvak, Meir (2017). 7911:. americandruze.com. 7825:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 7789:in the ninth century. 7704:10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 7322:History of Shia Islam 7202:, the Shia shrine in 7073: 7064:Further information: 6830:Islamic jurisprudence 6738:, otherwise known as 6722: 6703: 6520:At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim 6462:ethno-religious group 6451:Al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 6406:eschatological figure 6349:List of Ismaili imams 6229: 6142:, otherwise known as 5839:five pillars of Islam 5804:Jaʽfari jurisprudence 5795:Further information: 5791:Ja'fari jurisprudence 5775:Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 5731:Further information: 5486:Jaʽfari jurisprudence 5462:Further information: 5158:Shi'a Islam in Kuwait 4884:Shi'a Islam in Turkey 4790:19,000,000–24,000,000 4725:66,000,000–69,500,000 4509: 4473: 4275:history of Shia Islam 4261:in 1508. In 1533 the 4220: 4194:Greek slave by origin 4148:Abu Abdallah al-Shiʻi 4093:al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 4087: 4063: 3836: 3825:History of Shia Islam 3823:Further information: 3733:, and Muttaqi in his 3654:Fatima Masumeh Shrine 3652: 3602: 3566: 3509:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 3452: 3440:Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath 3387: 3296: 3236:origins of Shia Islam 3201: 3162:History of Shia Islam 3008:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 2950: 2733:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 2726: 2602:. In particular, the 2555:At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim 2539:Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 2496:eschatological belief 2462: 2445:Further information: 2393:successor of Muhammad 2314:verse of purification 2034: 2023:Profession of faith ( 1951: 1942:Further information: 1493:in the Muslim world, 1464:the bloodline of 'Ali 1380:event of Ghadir Khumm 599:Shia Islam portal 225:Verse of purification 72:Beliefs and practices 32:Shia (disambiguation) 23083:United Arab Emirates 21874:Religious experience 21248:Historical religions 19647:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 18979:Schwenkfelder Church 18165:Ma malakat aymanukum 17740:Association football 16677:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 16472:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 15662:Theology of Twelvers 15507:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 15054:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 14853:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 14252:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 14242:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 14227:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 14047:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 14012:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 14002:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 13997:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 13972:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 13643:United Arab Emirates 13158:The Sunnis and Shias 13105:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 12997:Halm, Heinz (2007). 12595:University of Tehran 12152:. Washington, D.C.: 11981:. pp. 485–512. 11963:Upal, Muhammad Afzal 11801:. pp. 233–251. 11654:muslimphilosophy.com 11173:. pp. 724–742. 9868:. 11 December 2006. 9047:Encyclopædia Iranica 9001:, Vol. 10, p. tid738 8682:"Shiʽa and the Jews" 8205:Corbin (1993), p. 48 7753:not only designated 7374:List of Shia Muslims 7238:persecution of Shias 7227:Malaysian government 7107:Shia–Sunnī relations 7097:and a descendant of 7060:Shia–Sunni relations 6725:Zaydī State of Yemen 6111:against the will of 5979:, it is the duty of 5294:United Arab Emirates 4888:6,000,000–9,000,000 4853:7,000,000–8,000,000 4423:in 1514 was a major 4251:Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān 4095:(985–1021), the 6th 4042:promoted Shia Islam. 4013:, in territories in 4005:'s campaigns in the 3948:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi 3946:. It was founded by 3856:In Shia Islam, Imam 3739:ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 3713:. For instance, the 3314:early Islamic empire 3298:Great Mosque of Kufa 3274:ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 3186:Origin of Shia Islam 3040:Great Mosque of Kufa 2825:Mourning of Muharram 2686:in the house of the 1913:, the family of the 1865:improve this section 1854:to meet Knowledge's 1816:, and the family of 1422:, who was appointed 1335:(656–661 CE) as his 1324:. It holds that the 967:Association football 521:Umm Kulthum bint Ali 200:Mourning of Muharram 130:Mourning of Muharram 23476:Trinidad and Tobago 23371:Antigua and Barbuda 22539:Religion by country 21600:Cult of Magna Mater 20117:Philippine Dayawism 19698:Nimbarka Sampradaya 19446:Chinese Manichaeism 19118:Jehovah's Witnesses 18923:Proto-Protestantism 16911:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 16653:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 16625:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 16423:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 16085:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 15392:Other Salafi trends 15221:Musta'li Isma'ilism 15137:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 14528:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 14292:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 13942:Zakariyya al-Ansari 12654:. Westport, Conn.: 12648:Cornell, Vincent J. 12366:Columbia University 12356:Plagued by the West 12354:Al-e Ahmad, Jalal. 12313:Nasr, Vali (2006). 12058:10.3390/rel10080483 11021:on 27 December 2006 10918:, pp. 250–251. 10029:Library of Congress 9943:US State Department 9888:National Geographic 9792:Pew Research Center 9739:Pew Research Center 9589:, pp. 130, 191 9332:on 19 October 2006. 9303:on 23 February 2007 9103:. 13 January 2015. 8518:Central Asia/Russia 8465:Wall Street Journal 7749:For Shiʿi Muslims, 7627:. 2 February 2007. 7246:genocide of Yazidis 7213:During the rule of 7176:otherworldly reward 7109:has often involved 6995:Shabab al-Mu'mineen 6972:Sunnī jurisprudence 6906:) in 864 CE by the 6760:population of Yemen 6400:After the death of 5733:Occultation (Islam) 5684:Ash-Sharif Ar-Radhi 5007:Majority following 4924:4,575,000–5,590,000 4919:Islam in Azerbaijan 4897:Majority following 4862:Majority following 4849:Shia Islam in Yemen 4785:Shi'a Islam in Iraq 4683: 4672:Pew Research Center 4593:of Medina, and the 4445:Battle of Chaldiran 4421:Battle of Chaldiran 4401:The declaration of 4259:ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī 3860:is regarded as the 3815:Occultation (Islam) 3407:and a companion of 3330:Battle of the Camel 3202:The investiture of 3130:(jurists), such as 3014:in Mashhad and the 2604:Hadith of the Cloak 2437:Occultation (Islam) 2347:) to the prophets ( 2041:Mosque of Ibn Tulun 1907:) should hail from 1547:Indian subcontinent 728:Profession of Faith 701:Day of Resurrection 536:Ruqayya bint Husayn 443:Extinct Shi'a sects 163:Days of remembrance 150:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage 145:The Four Companions 23411:Dominican Republic 22457:Abrahamic prophets 21551:Proto-Indo-Iranian 20090:Aliran Kepercayaan 19293:Non-denominational 19215:Modernist Salafism 18901:Oriental Orthodoxy 18650:Quran and miracles 18564:Criticism of Islam 18278:Geometric patterns 18130:Gender segregation 17701:Non-denominational 17210:Other scholars of 17101:Islamic modernists 17075:Modernist Salafism 16726:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 16685:Abdullah ibn Saba' 16620:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 16505:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 16493:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 16484:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 16415:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 15737:Astarabadi (Naimi) 15467:Abdullah al-Harari 15421:Muhammad bin Dawud 15354:Syed Nazeer Husain 15089:Tabsirat al-Adilla 15003:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 14838:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 14685:Syed Nazeer Husain 14608:Salafi Theologians 14360:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 14332:Muhammad Abu Zahra 14117:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 13967:Abdul Qadir Gilani 13276:Harvard University 13141:. Overlook Press. 12656:Praeger Publishers 12617: • 12600: • 12463:. globalpost.com. 12336:Dictionary of Wars 12295:on 26 January 2007 12277:on 13 August 2009. 12090:Arab Law Quarterly 11937:. 7 October 2015. 11915:. 7 October 2015. 11799:Palgrave Macmillan 11450:on 27 January 2007 10887:"اخوانی گوشه‌نشین" 10413:The World Factbook 10115:The World Factbook 9801:on 13 January 2010 9742:. 7 October 2009. 9658:The World Factbook 9621:. 7 October 2009. 9561:Francis Robinson, 9228:Nasr (1979), p. 15 9205:عسکری, سید مرتضی. 9180:Nasr (1979), p. 10 8802:Newman, Andrew J. 8772:Francis Robinson, 8608:on 2 January 2017. 8129:Francis Robinson, 7977:"Shiʻite Doctrine" 7935:"Ijtihad in Islam" 7359:List of Shia books 7103: 7095:Twelver Shia Islam 7044:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh 6733: 6717: 6642:Al-Hurra Al-Malika 6530:) and appointed a 6498:split between the 6496:Musta‘lī Ismāʿīlīs 6458:Abrahamic religion 6434:("Missionaries"). 6402:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar 6323:(primarily in the 6243: 6148:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar 6100:(1905–1911), when 6052:Muslim Brotherhood 5985:Islamic literature 5612:is one and unique; 5583:(65% of Muslims). 5476:, followed by the 4681: 4619:in Indonesia (see 4514:Shia Islam is the 4512: 4504: 4328:The growth of the 4271: 4113: 4077: 3931:(899–1077 CE): an 3854: 3775:esoteric knowledge 3715:hadith collections 3686: 3676:, the 7th and 8th 3668:, the daughter of 3616: 3597: 3466: 3456:, painting by the 3413: 3403:, a descendant of 3320:, the first major 3302: 3266:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3251:, has ʿAlī as his 3224:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3220: 3204:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3136:Ayatollah Khomeini 3107:People of the Book 2972: 2744: 2549:and Fatimid/Bohra/ 2488: 2389:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 2073: 1985:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1973: 1794:Abrahamic prophets 1758:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1741:European languages 356:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 283:Branches and sects 230:Two weighty things 23681: 23680: 23649: 23648: 23645: 23644: 22633:Equatorial Guinea 22529: 22528: 22525: 22524: 22068:Cognitive science 21687: 21686: 21620:Mysteries of Isis 21394:Frankish paganism 21237: 21236: 21233: 21232: 21229: 21228: 20981:White Brotherhood 20847: 20846: 20812: 20811: 20151:Sundanese Wiwitan 19968: 19967: 19964: 19963: 19693:Brahma Sampradaya 19655: 19654: 19458: 19457: 19454: 19453: 19436:Assianism/Uatsdin 19354: 19353: 19123:British Israelism 19109:Nontrinitarianism 19072:Plymouth Brethren 19067:Nondenominational 19001:Congregationalism 18889:Eastern Orthodoxy 18837:Reconstructionist 18701: 18700: 18667: 18666: 18663: 18662: 18635:Domestic violence 18625:Islamic terrorism 18620:Islamic extremism 18451: 18450: 18447: 18446: 18219: 18218: 18215: 18214: 18005:Marriage contract 17835: 17834: 17795:Political aspects 17582:Story of Prophets 17351:Prophets of Islam 17254: 17253: 17250: 17249: 17246: 17245: 17202: 17201: 17011:Muhammad Jaunpuri 16938: 16937: 16864:Sumāma ibn Ashras 16695: 16694: 16546:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 16521: 16520: 16391:Gaylān ibn Marwān 16288: 16287: 16140: 16139: 15803:Abdallah al-Aftah 15619: 15618: 15532: 15531: 15516:Necmettin Erbakan 15358:Siddiq Hasan Khan 15322:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 15256: 15255: 15252: 15251: 15230: 15229: 15170:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 15164:Tashih al-I'tiqad 15075:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 15011: 15010: 14993:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 14960:Idris Imad al-Din 14913:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 14888:Ruhollah Khomeini 14868:Zurarah ibn A'yan 14843:Sharif al-Murtaza 14831:Muhammad al-Mahdi 14816:Muhammad al-Jawad 14796:Muhammad al-Baqir 14697:Siddiq Hasan Khan 14673:Rabee al-Madkhali 14322:Murtada al-Zabidi 14097:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 13863: 13862: 13670: 13669: 13186:978-0-8156-2411-0 13167:978-1-4254-7916-9 13148:978-1-58567-896-9 13131:Rogerson, Barnaby 13122:978-0-88706-843-0 13096:978-964-438-320-5 13068:978-0-300-03499-8 13046:978-3-643-80049-7 13027:978-1-86064-434-4 13008:978-1-55876-437-8 12989:978-0-7486-1888-0 12967:978-0-674-06428-7 12941:978-1-906497-51-4 12905:978-1-904934-01-1 12886:978-0-87395-390-0 12867:978-0-87395-272-9 12845:978-1-86064-780-2 12832:Shah-Kazemi, Reza 12819:978-0-19-511915-2 12797:978-0-521-77933-3 12775:978-0-521-29136-1 12749:978-0-7914-7033-6 12730:978-0-7103-0416-2 12706:978-0-02-865604-5 12665:978-0-275-98732-9 12538:SAGE Publications 12323:978-0-393-06211-3 12199:978-0-8261-2857-7 11998:978-90-04-43554-4 11959:Cusack, Carole M. 11816:978-3-030-35578-4 11795:Cham, Switzerland 11708:978-1-86064-321-7 11617:978-0-7661-3704-2 11590:978-0-691-10099-9 11506:on 23 April 2005. 11425:978-0-7486-0687-0 11397:978-1-135-98079-5 11343:978-1-906999-25-4 11318:978-1-78831-559-3 11190:978-90-04-43554-4 11151:Cusack, Carole M. 11077:978-0-7486-0687-0 10848:978-1-939420-00-8 10805:Iran: the Culture 10784:. 25 March 2011. 10765:978-0-19-515713-0 10724:978-0-19-515713-0 10695:978-0-19-515713-0 10651:978-0-8108-7965-2 10612:978-0-7486-7833-4 10364:978-0-313-31333-2 10325:978-3-89958-406-6 10236:978-1-4379-4439-6 10031:. February 2005. 10000:978-0-7007-1606-7 9897:978-1-4262-0221-6 9536:978-0-521-29163-7 9489:978-0-8160-6259-1 9445:978-0-415-05914-5 9417:978-0-521-26645-1 9383:978-0-15-501197-7 9354:978-0-393-91847-2 9252:978-0-02-865604-5 9159:on 28 August 2021 8920:978-1-4928-5884-3 8832:978-0-19-515713-0 8791:978-0-19-579387-1 8662:978-1-138-21322-7 8522:Asia Times Online 8436:. 18 March 2017. 8332:978-0-9914308-6-4 8290:978-1-59257-222-9 8244:978-0-88706-843-0 8222:on 17 April 2014. 8081:. 9 December 2010 8036:978-0-19-515713-0 7937:. AlQazwini.org. 7909:"Druze and Islam" 7894:978-0-02-865603-8 7836:978-1-904934-01-1 7693:on behalf of the 7551:978-1-4411-4645-8 7528:, Vol. 10, p. 738 7500:978-1-7936-2136-8 7475:978-1-7936-2136-8 7404:Shia Rights Watch 7270:Shia Islam portal 7196:First Saudi State 6615: 6614: 6443:Fatimid Caliphate 6201:deeds and sayings 6090:Muhammad al-Mahdi 6054:and mysticism of 5878:: justice of God; 5702:Wasa'il al-Shiʻah 5498:Shīʿīte clergymen 5449: 5448: 5128:Islam in Tanzania 4474:Islam by country 4453:killed each other 4249:, the Sunnī Imam 4235:official religion 4152:Fatimid Caliphate 4080:Fatimid Caliphate 4066:Fatimid Caliphate 4007:Khwarezmid Empire 3956:(934–1055 CE): a 3908:Battle of Karbala 3811:Muhammad al-Mahdi 3783:divine revelation 3756:Battle of Karbala 3700:hadith literature 3696:Shia–Sunnī divide 3574:Fatimid depiction 3526:Battle of Karbala 3454:Battle of Karbala 3380:Battle of Karbala 3190:Ali ibn Abi Taleb 3115:Armenians in Iran 2908:Muhammad al-Mahdi 2547:Ṭayyibi Ismāʿīlīs 2535:12th Shīʿīte Imam 2476:12th Shīʿīte Imam 2451:Minor Occultation 2447:Major Occultation 2420:al-insan al-kamil 2417: 2381: 2361: 2341: 2264: 2252: 2216: 2195: 2174: 2134: 2115: 2005: 1893: 1892: 1885: 1856:quality standards 1847:This section may 1555:governance system 1484:Battle of Karbala 1482:martyrdom in the 1466:and his two sons 1461: 1400: 1377: 1353: 1333:Ali ibn Abi Talib 1288: 1287: 633: 632: 566:Fatimah bint Asad 531:Fatima bint Hasan 260:Battle of Karbala 16:(Redirected from 23701: 23671: 23661: 23660: 23539:Papua New Guinea 23514:Marshall Islands 23341:Northern Ireland 22546: 22545: 22535: 22534: 22419:Secular theology 22414:Secular humanism 21704: 21703: 21693: 21692: 21568:Ancestral Pueblo 21243: 21242: 20862: 20861: 20539: 20538: 19979: 19978: 19735:Shaiva Siddhanta 19666: 19665: 19599:Korean shamanism 19478: 19477: 19469: 19468: 19365: 19364: 19278:Mahdawi movement 19148:Swedenborgianism 19128:Christadelphians 18774: 18773: 18765: 18764: 18756: 18755: 18743: 18742: 18728: 18721: 18714: 18705: 18704: 18691: 18690: 18683:Islam portal 18681: 18680: 18679: 18471: 18470: 18463: 18457: 18456: 18298:Medieval science 18241: 18240: 18231: 18225: 18224: 17882:Economic history 17865: 17864: 17841: 17840: 17827:Islam by country 17660:Bektashi Alevism 17308: 17307: 17299:Outline of Islam 17281: 17274: 17267: 17258: 17257: 16953: 16952: 16714: 16713: 16532: 16531: 16508:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 16490:Awn ibn Abdullāh 16477:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 16447:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 16313: 16312: 16157: 16156: 16126:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 16095:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 16064:Khashabiyya Shia 16000:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 15958:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 15741:Imadaddin Nasimi 15646: 15645: 15543: 15542: 15414:Salafi Modernism 15317:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 15284: 15283: 15275: 15274: 15262: 15261: 15158:Awail Al Maqalat 15040:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 15020: 15019: 14950:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 14905:Isma'ili Shi'ism 14893:Wilayat al-faqih 14873:Hisham ibn Hakam 14858:Allamah Al-Hilli 14082:Muhammad Mayyara 13874: 13873: 13744: 13743: 13737: 13736: 13712: 13711: 13704:Islamic theology 13697: 13690: 13683: 13674: 13673: 13398: 13391: 13384: 13375: 13374: 13370: 13368: 13366: 13345: 13343: 13341: 13324: 13322: 13320: 13315:on 31 March 2022 13291: 13289: 13287: 13251: 13210: 13190: 13171: 13152: 13140: 13126: 13100: 13072: 13050: 13031: 13012: 12993: 12971: 12945: 12917: 12890: 12871: 12849: 12828:Sobhani, Ja'afar 12823: 12801: 12779: 12753: 12734: 12710: 12687: 12685: 12683: 12669: 12633: 12632: 12615: 12598: 12584: 12578: 12577: 12559: 12549: 12519: 12513: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12502: 12491: 12483: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12430: 12424: 12423: 12421: 12419: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12389:on 21 July 2011. 12385:. 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Archived from 12267: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12241: 12235: 12234: 12232: 12230: 12210: 12204: 12203: 12183: 12177: 12176: 12174: 12172: 12166: 12143: 12134: 12125: 12124: 12114: 12103:Brill Publishers 12080: 12071: 12070: 12060: 12022: 12011: 12010: 11990: 11979:Brill Publishers 11954: 11943: 11942: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11905: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11894: 11879: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11868: 11853:Washington, D.C. 11840: 11829: 11828: 11782: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11751: 11745: 11738: 11732: 11731: 11719: 11713: 11712: 11694: 11688: 11681: 11675: 11668: 11662: 11661: 11646: 11640: 11639: 11628: 11622: 11621: 11601: 11595: 11594: 11578: 11568: 11562: 11561: 11546: 11540: 11539: 11529: 11523: 11522: 11519:Venture of Islam 11514: 11508: 11507: 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11444:Yemeni in Canada 11436: 11430: 11429: 11411: 11405: 11404: 11383: 11377: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11357: 11351: 11350: 11329: 11323: 11322: 11304: 11298: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11216:by Heinz Halm". 11209: 11203: 11202: 11182: 11171:Brill Publishers 11146: 11129: 11128: 11088: 11082: 11081: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11017:. Archived from 11011: 11005: 11002:The Shia Revival 10998: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10987: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10925: 10919: 10913: 10907: 10906: 10904: 10902: 10883: 10877: 10871: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10852: 10835: 10829: 10826: 10820: 10819: 10799: 10790: 10789: 10774: 10768: 10757: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10741: 10733: 10727: 10716: 10710: 10704: 10698: 10685:Esposito, John. 10683: 10677: 10671: 10665: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10592: 10586: 10585: 10577: 10571: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10516: 10507: 10506: 10499: 10493: 10492: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10457: 10448: 10447: 10442:Umutlu, Ayseba. 10439: 10433: 10432: 10424: 10418: 10417: 10404: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10375: 10369: 10368: 10348: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10337: 10309: 10303: 10302: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10259: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10220: 10214: 10213: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10167: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10140: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10126: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10086: 10084: 10078: 10067: 10059: 10053: 10052: 10045: 10043: 10037: 10019: 10011: 10005: 10004: 9984: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9962: 9954: 9948: 9947: 9934: 9928: 9927: 9925: 9923: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9880: 9874: 9873: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9832: 9823: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9800: 9794:. Archived from 9789: 9778: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9751: 9730: 9705: 9704: 9699: 9697: 9683: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9669: 9644: 9638: 9637: 9632: 9630: 9615: 9604: 9603: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9572: 9566: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9548: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9463: 9454: 9453: 9431: 9425: 9424: 9397: 9391: 9390: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9340: 9334: 9333: 9325:Bahmanid Dynasty 9319: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9293: 9287: 9286: 9284: 9282: 9277:on 12 April 2020 9263: 9257: 9256: 9238: 9229: 9226: 9220: 9217: 9211: 9210: 9202: 9196: 9190: 9181: 9178: 9169: 9168: 9166: 9164: 9145: 9136: 9135: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084:these two swords 9068: 9062: 9059: 9053: 9052: 9040: 9034: 9033: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9008: 9002: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8975:. 4 January 2016 8965: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8870: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8841: 8835: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8799: 8793: 8783: 8777: 8770: 8764: 8761: 8755: 8752: 8746: 8743: 8737: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8684: 8676: 8667: 8666: 8648: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8619: 8610: 8609: 8604:. Archived from 8585: 8579: 8578: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8545: 8537: 8531: 8529: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8501:. 20 April 2003. 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8430: 8424: 8423: 8403: 8397: 8396: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8343: 8337: 8336: 8318: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8252: 8246: 8230: 8224: 8223: 8212: 8206: 8203: 8197: 8194: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8170: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8140: 8134: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8103:Dabashi (2006). 8100: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8045: 8039: 8028: 8017: 8006: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7972: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7905: 7899: 7898: 7880: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7763:Muslim community 7706: 7672: 7653: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7609: 7603: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7562: 7556: 7555: 7535: 7529: 7518: 7505: 7504: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7461: 7444: 7436: 7409:Shia view of Ali 7300: 7295: 7294: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7182:." In 1802, the 7172:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad 6877: 6876: 6843: 6676:Sulaymani Bohras 6553: 6512:Sulaymani Bohras 6479:(the older) and 6247:Nizārī community 6239:Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs 6160:6th Shīʿīte Imam 6109:Ahmad Shah Qajar 6080:Hadi Khosroshahi 6045: 6036:Islamist Shīʿīsm 5983:to refer to the 5975:is currently in 5919:(pilgrimage) to 5751:Muslim community 5713:The Twelve Imams 5707:al-Hurr al-Amili 5561:6th Shīʿīte Imam 5545:the Twelve Imams 5529:Ithnāʿashariyyah 5494:6th Shīʿīte Imam 5445:and 45% Sunni). 5421: 5420: 5391: 5390: 5361: 5360: 5322: 5321: 5292: 5291: 5269:Islam in Germany 5262: 5261: 5228: 5227: 5201:Islam in Bahrain 5194: 5193: 5162:500,000–700,000 5151: 5150: 5121: 5120: 5082: 5081: 5053: 5052: 5022: 5021: 4987: 4986: 4948: 4947: 4912: 4911: 4877: 4876: 4842: 4841: 4812: 4811: 4778: 4777: 4747: 4746: 4713: 4712: 4684: 4680: 4638:centered around 4636:Shīʿīte movement 4587:Eastern Province 4568:, and 10–19% of 4499: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4466:Islam by country 4440: 4417: 4398: 4295:Mongol conquests 4171: 4167: 4099:caliph and 16th 4074: 4071: 3917:(788–985 CE): a 3840:and his brother 3711:history of Islam 3636:esoteric meaning 3501: 3492: 3431:Amir al-Mu'minin 3409:Muhammad al-Taqī 3346:Battle of Siffin 3258:Amir al-Mu'minin 3046:in Qom, and the 3028:Al-Askari Mosque 3020:Kadhimiya Mosque 3010:in Karbala, The 2986:, the cities of 2878:6th Shīʿīte Imam 2651:6th Shīʿīte Imam 2582:, including the 2571:Hadith tradition 2528:Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs 2500:messianic figure 2422: 2412: 2410: 2397:Muslim community 2386: 2376: 2374: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2259: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2211: 2209: 2190: 2188: 2169: 2167: 2129: 2127: 2118:Ali-un-Waliullah 2110: 2108: 2088: 2060: 2059: 2053:Ali-un-Waliullah 2010: 2000: 1998: 1979:is appointed by 1944:Ali in the Quran 1934:Shia view of Ali 1901:Muslim community 1888: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1842: 1841: 1834: 1812:, the family of 1790:history of Islam 1754:Muslim community 1751: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1596: 1584: 1576: 1570: 1480:Husayn ibn Ali's 1476:Muslim community 1456: 1454: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1372: 1370: 1358: 1348: 1346: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1252:Islam portal 1250: 1249: 1248: 658: 635: 634: 625: 618: 611: 597: 596: 576:Ruqayya bint Ali 551:Fatima bint Musa 65: 56: 50: 49: 39: 38: 21: 23709: 23708: 23704: 23703: 23702: 23700: 23699: 23698: 23684: 23683: 23682: 23677: 23641: 23568: 23549:Solomon Islands 23485: 23357: 23261:North Macedonia 23102: 22827: 22540: 22521: 22482:Mass gatherings 22450: 22445: 22438: 22377: 22372: 22363: 22302:Religiocentrism 22282:National church 22150: 22147: 22139: 22054: 22047: 21984: 21906:Bodies of water 21698: 21683: 21468:Jamaican Maroon 21250: 21225: 21162: 20992: 20985: 20856: 20854: 20843: 20808: 20782:Trinidad Orisha 20567: 20560: 20533: 20526: 20453: 20416: 20162: 20155: 20051: 20033: 19960: 19934:Srilankan Vedda 19885: 19813: 19688:Sri Vaishnavism 19651: 19613: 19585: 19543: 19450: 19424: 19391: 19350: 19304: 19229:Twelver Shi'ism 19171: 19033:Neo-charismatic 19006:Presbyterianism 18858: 18750: 18737: 18732: 18702: 18697: 18677: 18675: 18659: 18581:Cultural Muslim 18552: 18519: 18475:Other religions 18465: 18461: 18443: 18378: 18345: 18292: 18235: 18233:Islamic studies 18229: 18211: 18045: 17990: 17967: 17914: 17859: 17858: 17831: 17780:Moral teachings 17723: 17705: 17679:Nation of Islam 17640:Twelver Shi'ism 17587: 17553:Religious texts 17547: 17465:Early conquests 17448: 17430: 17382: 17302: 17291: 17285: 17255: 17242: 17198: 17155: 17126:Ahmed Raza Khan 17107: 17061: 17051:Fethullah Gülen 17026:Nation of Islam 16947: 16944: 16934: 16877: 16854:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 16782: 16774: 16707: 16703: 16691: 16612:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 16582: 16517: 16502:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 16460: 16377: 16306: 16303: 16300: 16296: 16284: 16235: 16148: 16136: 16070: 15944: 15937: 15905:Hassan-i Sabbah 15788: 15780: 15652: 15639: 15635: 15631: 15627: 15615: 15580:Hasan al-Utrush 15528: 15494:Ahmed Raza Khan 15440: 15432: 15339:Dawud al-Zahiri 15290: 15269: 15248: 15226: 15175: 15122: 15082:Kitab al-Tawhid 15007: 14969: 14899: 14826:Hasan al-Askari 14801:Ja'far al-Sadiq 14763:Twelver Shi'ism 14757: 14729:Salafi Jihadism 14724:Osama bin Laden 14707:Safar Al-Hawali 14668:Saleh Al-Fawzan 14602: 14572: 14565:Sahib ibn Abbad 14560:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 14525:Ja'far ibn Harb 14490:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 14487: 14479: 14447: 14408:ī (Muqātilīyya) 14388: 14346: 14302:Shah Abdul Aziz 14175: 14167: 14121: 14107:Ahmad al-Dardir 13992:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 13880: 13859: 13831: 13803: 13770: 13731: 13730: 13706: 13701: 13671: 13666: 13405: 13402: 13364: 13362: 13339: 13337: 13318: 13316: 13285: 13283: 13262: 13259: 13254: 13232:10.3751/74.2.14 13187: 13168: 13149: 13123: 13097: 13069: 13047: 13028: 13009: 12990: 12968: 12942: 12925: 12923:Further reading 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Vol. 1: 12681: 12679: 12672: 12666: 12652:Voices of Islam 12642: 12637: 12636: 12616: 12599: 12585: 12581: 12520: 12516: 12506: 12504: 12500: 12489: 12485: 12484: 12480: 12470: 12468: 12459: 12458: 12454: 12444: 12442: 12431: 12427: 12417: 12415: 12398: 12394: 12377: 12376: 12372: 12353: 12349: 12333: 12329: 12312: 12308: 12298: 12296: 12287: 12286: 12282: 12269: 12268: 12264: 12254: 12252: 12251:on 4 April 2011 12243: 12242: 12238: 12228: 12226: 12211: 12207: 12200: 12184: 12180: 12170: 12168: 12164: 12141: 12135: 12128: 12081: 12074: 12023: 12014: 11999: 11955: 11946: 11929: 11928: 11924: 11907: 11906: 11902: 11892: 11890: 11881: 11880: 11876: 11866: 11864: 11841: 11832: 11817: 11783: 11774: 11764: 11762: 11753: 11752: 11748: 11739: 11735: 11724:"al-Uk̲h̲ayḍir" 11720: 11716: 11709: 11695: 11691: 11682: 11678: 11669: 11665: 11648: 11647: 11643: 11630: 11629: 11625: 11618: 11602: 11598: 11591: 11569: 11565: 11548: 11547: 11543: 11530: 11526: 11515: 11511: 11498: 11497: 11493: 11483: 11481: 11468: 11467: 11463: 11453: 11451: 11438: 11437: 11433: 11426: 11412: 11408: 11398: 11384: 11380: 11370: 11368: 11367:. 8 August 2018 11359: 11358: 11354: 11344: 11330: 11326: 11319: 11305: 11301: 11291: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11275: 11210: 11206: 11191: 11147: 11132: 11097:Iranian Studies 11089: 11085: 11078: 11064: 11060: 11050: 11048: 11039: 11038: 11034: 11024: 11022: 11013: 11012: 11008: 10999: 10995: 10985: 10983: 10974: 10973: 10969: 10926: 10922: 10914: 10910: 10900: 10898: 10885: 10884: 10880: 10872: 10868: 10860: 10856: 10849: 10837: 10836: 10832: 10827: 10823: 10816: 10800: 10793: 10776: 10775: 10771: 10758: 10754: 10746: 10739: 10735: 10734: 10730: 10717: 10713: 10705: 10701: 10684: 10680: 10672: 10668: 10663: 10659: 10652: 10636: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10613: 10593: 10589: 10578: 10574: 10565: 10561: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10532: 10528: 10517: 10510: 10501: 10500: 10496: 10485: 10481: 10474: 10458: 10451: 10440: 10436: 10425: 10421: 10406: 10405: 10401: 10391: 10389: 10376: 10372: 10365: 10349: 10345: 10335: 10333: 10326: 10310: 10306: 10299: 10283: 10279: 10260: 10256: 10246: 10244: 10237: 10221: 10217: 10195: 10191: 10181: 10179: 10176:The Independent 10168: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10141: 10137: 10124: 10122: 10102: 10101: 10097: 10082: 10080: 10079:on 8 April 2014 10076: 10065: 10061: 10060: 10056: 10041: 10039: 10035: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10008: 10001: 9985: 9981: 9973: 9960: 9956: 9955: 9951: 9936: 9935: 9931: 9921: 9919: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9898: 9882: 9881: 9877: 9860: 9859: 9855: 9845: 9843: 9838:. Mafhoum.com. 9834: 9833: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9798: 9787: 9779: 9762: 9749: 9747: 9732: 9731: 9708: 9695: 9693: 9685: 9684: 9680: 9667: 9665: 9646: 9645: 9641: 9628: 9626: 9617: 9616: 9607: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9585: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9560: 9556: 9546: 9544: 9537: 9521: 9517: 9507: 9505: 9490: 9464: 9457: 9446: 9432: 9428: 9418: 9398: 9394: 9384: 9370:Gatzke, Hans W. 9366: 9362: 9355: 9341: 9337: 9320: 9316: 9306: 9304: 9295: 9294: 9290: 9280: 9278: 9265: 9264: 9260: 9253: 9239: 9232: 9227: 9223: 9218: 9214: 9203: 9199: 9191: 9184: 9179: 9172: 9162: 9160: 9147: 9146: 9139: 9116: 9112: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9069: 9065: 9060: 9056: 9041: 9037: 9028: 9027: 9023: 9010: 9009: 9005: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8943:www.alhewar.com 8937: 8936: 8932: 8921: 8905: 8901: 8871: 8864: 8854: 8852: 8843: 8842: 8838: 8825: 8821: 8811: 8809: 8800: 8796: 8784: 8780: 8771: 8767: 8762: 8758: 8753: 8749: 8744: 8740: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8692: 8690: 8677: 8670: 8663: 8649: 8642: 8633: 8631: 8620: 8613: 8602: 8586: 8582: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8539: 8538: 8527: 8525: 8510: 8506: 8497: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8420: 8404: 8400: 8393: 8377: 8373: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8319: 8308: 8300: 8296: 8279: 8275: 8265: 8263: 8254: 8253: 8249: 8231: 8227: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8204: 8200: 8195: 8191: 8183: 8179: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8155: 8142: 8141: 8137: 8128: 8124: 8117: 8101: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8058: 8056: 8047: 8046: 8042: 8029: 8020: 8007: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7973: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7944: 7942: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7918: 7916: 7907: 7906: 7902: 7895: 7881: 7864: 7856: 7852: 7837: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7767:his descendants 7673: 7656: 7650:Ṭabataba'i 1977 7648: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7578: 7574: 7563: 7559: 7552: 7536: 7532: 7519: 7508: 7501: 7487: 7483: 7476: 7462: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7447: 7437: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7298:Religion portal 7296: 7289: 7282: 7277: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7258: 7250:Second Iraq War 7236:organization's 7208:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 7105:The history of 7068: 7062: 7054:Main articles: 7052: 7038:Salafi-jihadist 6987:Houthi movement 6874: 6862: 6841: 6826: 6814:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 6788:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 6768: 6698: 6692: 6620: 6542: 6351: 6345: 6156:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 6137: 6131: 6102:Fazlullah Nouri 6048:Twelver Shīʿīsm 6033: 5981:Shīʿīte clerics 5799: 5793: 5787: 5743: 5729: 5717:Main articles: 5715: 5679:Nahj al-Balagha 5661:, which is the 5655: 5599:are as follow: 5593:five principles 5589: 5557:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 5525:Twelver Shīʿīsm 5522: 5516: 5490:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 5470: 5460: 5454: 5415: 5385: 5355: 5331: 5316: 5286: 5256: 5222: 5206:400,000–500,000 5188: 5145: 5115: 5108:Ibrahim Zakzaky 5076: 5047: 5016: 4981: 4942: 4906: 4871: 4836: 4806: 4772: 4741: 4707: 4668: 4572:'s population. 4497: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4468: 4462: 4455: 4441: 4432: 4418: 4409: 4403:Twelver Shīʿīsm 4399: 4351:Islamic prophet 4302:Shīʿīte clerics 4281:(1501–1736) in 4279:Safavid dynasty 4247:Abbasid caliphs 4215: 4209:Safavid dynasty 4207:Main articles: 4205: 4190:al-Azhar Mosque 4089:Al-Hakim Mosque 4082: 4072: 3993:established in 3983:(1256–1335): a 3904: 3898: 3878:Masih ad-Dajjal 3866:Day of Judgment 3831: 3821: 3805:Main articles: 3803: 3760:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 3758:of ʿAlī's son, 3704:Islamic prophet 3682:Twelver Shīʿīsm 3561: 3555: 3550:Imamate of the 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3494: 3493: 3469:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 3462:Brooklyn Museum 3382: 3370:Main articles: 3368: 3344:. However, the 3196: 3184:Main articles: 3182: 3174:Louis Massignon 3164: 3158: 3119:Iranian economy 3091:Twelver Shi'ism 3087: 3044:Jamkaran Mosque 2945: 2939: 2924:Eid al-Mubahila 2888:Jumada al-Thani 2874:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 2833:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 2790: 2784: 2721: 2709: 2704: 2702:Other doctrines 2684:Ark of Covenant 2647:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 2626: 2573: 2508:Twelver Shīʿīsm 2464:Jamkaran Mosque 2457: 2443: 2435:Main articles: 2433: 2255:'Iṣmah or 'Isma 2233: 2227: 2221:Infallibility ( 2067:(custodian) of 2061:: "ʿAlī is the 2029: 1946: 1940: 1932:Main articles: 1930: 1915:Islamic prophet 1889: 1878: 1872: 1869: 1862: 1843: 1839: 1832: 1826: 1714: 1710: 1692: 1686: 1668: 1664: 1637: 1633: 1602: 1598: 1563: 1495:Twelver Shi'ism 1326:Islamic prophet 1298: 1294: 1284: 1246: 1244: 1237: 1236: 1181:Other religions 1176:Arabic language 1138: 1128: 1127: 1056:Moral teachings 947: 933: 932: 923:Spread of Islam 868: 858: 857: 845:(jurisprudence) 827:Qisas al-Anbiya 776: 775: 755: 754: 723: 713: 712: 668: 629: 591: 586: 585: 516:Zaynab bint Ali 496: 488: 487: 458: 448: 447: 361:Sulaymani Bohra 285: 275: 274: 245:Fatimah's house 220: 210: 209: 165: 155: 154: 73: 52: 51: 43: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23707: 23697: 23696: 23679: 23678: 23676: 23675: 23665: 23654: 23651: 23650: 23647: 23646: 23643: 23642: 23640: 23639: 23634: 23629: 23624: 23619: 23614: 23609: 23604: 23599: 23594: 23589: 23584: 23578: 23576: 23570: 23569: 23567: 23566: 23561: 23556: 23551: 23546: 23541: 23536: 23531: 23526: 23521: 23516: 23511: 23506: 23501: 23495: 23493: 23487: 23486: 23484: 23483: 23478: 23473: 23468: 23463: 23458: 23453: 23448: 23443: 23438: 23433: 23428: 23423: 23418: 23413: 23408: 23403: 23398: 23393: 23388: 23383: 23378: 23373: 23367: 23365: 23359: 23358: 23356: 23355: 23354: 23353: 23348: 23343: 23338: 23331:United Kingdom 23328: 23323: 23318: 23313: 23308: 23303: 23298: 23293: 23288: 23283: 23278: 23273: 23268: 23263: 23258: 23253: 23248: 23243: 23238: 23233: 23228: 23223: 23218: 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22527: 22526: 22523: 22522: 22520: 22519: 22514: 22509: 22504: 22499: 22494: 22489: 22484: 22479: 22474: 22469: 22464: 22459: 22453: 22451: 22443: 22440: 22439: 22437: 22436: 22431: 22426: 22424:Secularization 22421: 22416: 22411: 22406: 22404:Deconstruction 22401: 22396: 22391: 22386: 22380: 22378: 22368: 22365: 22364: 22362: 22361: 22356: 22355: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22334: 22329: 22324: 22319: 22314: 22309: 22304: 22299: 22294: 22289: 22284: 22279: 22274: 22269: 22264: 22259: 22257:Fundamentalism 22254: 22253: 22252: 22247: 22242: 22237: 22227: 22222: 22217: 22212: 22211: 22210: 22205: 22200: 22190: 22189: 22188: 22183: 22178: 22164: 22159: 22153: 22151: 22144: 22141: 22140: 22138: 22137: 22132: 22127: 22122: 22121: 22120: 22110: 22105: 22100: 22095: 22090: 22085: 22080: 22075: 22070: 22065: 22059: 22057: 22049: 22048: 22046: 22045: 22040: 22035: 22030: 22025: 22020: 22015: 22010: 22005: 22000: 21994: 21992: 21986: 21985: 21983: 21982: 21981: 21980: 21975: 21970: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21925: 21924: 21923: 21918: 21913: 21908: 21898: 21897: 21896: 21891: 21886: 21876: 21871: 21866: 21861: 21856: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21836: 21831: 21830: 21829: 21824: 21819: 21809: 21804: 21799: 21794: 21789: 21784: 21779: 21774: 21769: 21764: 21759: 21754: 21749: 21744: 21735: 21733:Call to prayer 21730: 21725: 21720: 21718:Disaffiliation 21710: 21708: 21700: 21699: 21689: 21688: 21685: 21684: 21682: 21681: 21676: 21671: 21666: 21661: 21656: 21651: 21646: 21645: 21644: 21639: 21634: 21624: 21623: 21622: 21617: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21592: 21587: 21586: 21585: 21580: 21575: 21565: 21564: 21563: 21558: 21548: 21547: 21546: 21541: 21536: 21531: 21521: 21516: 21515: 21514: 21504: 21503: 21502: 21497: 21487: 21482: 21481: 21480: 21470: 21465: 21460: 21455: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21434: 21433: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21416:Greco-Buddhism 21413: 21403: 21402: 21401: 21396: 21391: 21386: 21376: 21371: 21370: 21369: 21359: 21354: 21349: 21348: 21347: 21337: 21332: 21327: 21326: 21325: 21320: 21310: 21305: 21304: 21303: 21298: 21293: 21283: 21278: 21273: 21268: 21267: 21266: 21255: 21252: 21251: 21239: 21238: 21235: 21234: 21231: 21230: 21227: 21226: 21224: 21223: 21222: 21221: 21211: 21206: 21201: 21196: 21191: 21186: 21181: 21176: 21170: 21168: 21164: 21163: 21161: 21160: 21159: 21158: 21146: 21141: 21140: 21139: 21134: 21129: 21124: 21119: 21114: 21109: 21099: 21094: 21089: 21084: 21079: 21074: 21069: 21064: 21059: 21058: 21057: 21047: 21046: 21045: 21040: 21030: 21029: 21028: 21023: 21013: 21008: 21007: 21006: 20997: 20995: 20987: 20986: 20984: 20983: 20978: 20973: 20968: 20967: 20966: 20961: 20951: 20946: 20941: 20936: 20931: 20930: 20929: 20919: 20914: 20909: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20889: 20884: 20879: 20874: 20868: 20866: 20859: 20849: 20848: 20845: 20844: 20842: 20841: 20836: 20831: 20826: 20820: 20818: 20814: 20813: 20810: 20809: 20807: 20806: 20805: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20779: 20777:Tambor de Mina 20774: 20769: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20733: 20732: 20727: 20722: 20703: 20702: 20701: 20700: 20690: 20685: 20680: 20675: 20670: 20665: 20660: 20655: 20650: 20645: 20640: 20635: 20630: 20625: 20620: 20615: 20610: 20605: 20604: 20603: 20598: 20588: 20583: 20578: 20572: 20570: 20562: 20561: 20559: 20558: 20557: 20556: 20554:Guanche church 20545: 20543: 20536: 20528: 20527: 20525: 20524: 20519: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20474: 20469: 20463: 20461: 20459:Tibeto-Burmese 20455: 20454: 20452: 20451: 20446: 20441: 20436: 20430: 20428: 20418: 20417: 20415: 20414: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20398: 20397: 20392: 20382: 20377: 20375:Nuu-chah-nulth 20372: 20367: 20362: 20357: 20356: 20355: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20330: 20325: 20320: 20319: 20318: 20308: 20303: 20298: 20297: 20296: 20291: 20286: 20284:Muscogee Creek 20281: 20276: 20266: 20261: 20256: 20251: 20242: 20237: 20232: 20227: 20222: 20221: 20220: 20215: 20210: 20200: 20195: 20190: 20189: 20188: 20178: 20173: 20167: 20165: 20157: 20156: 20154: 20153: 20148: 20146:Sumbese Marapu 20143: 20142: 20141: 20136: 20126: 20125: 20124: 20114: 20109: 20104: 20099: 20098: 20097: 20092: 20084: 20083: 20082: 20077: 20067: 20065:Batak Parmalim 20061: 20059: 20053: 20052: 20050: 20049: 20043: 20041: 20035: 20034: 20032: 20031: 20030: 20029: 20024: 20014: 20013: 20012: 20007: 20002: 19987: 19985: 19976: 19970: 19969: 19966: 19965: 19962: 19961: 19959: 19958: 19957: 19956: 19951: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19926: 19921: 19920: 19919: 19914: 19904: 19899: 19893: 19891: 19887: 19886: 19884: 19883: 19876: 19871: 19870: 19869: 19859: 19858: 19857: 19852: 19847: 19829: 19823: 19821: 19815: 19814: 19812: 19811: 19804: 19799: 19794: 19789: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19773: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19727: 19726: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19674: 19672: 19663: 19657: 19656: 19653: 19652: 19650: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19623: 19621: 19615: 19614: 19612: 19611: 19606: 19601: 19595: 19593: 19587: 19586: 19584: 19583: 19578: 19573: 19568: 19567: 19566: 19553: 19551: 19545: 19544: 19542: 19541: 19540: 19539: 19534: 19524: 19523: 19522: 19517: 19507: 19502: 19497: 19492: 19486: 19484: 19475: 19466: 19460: 19459: 19456: 19455: 19452: 19451: 19449: 19448: 19443: 19438: 19432: 19430: 19426: 19425: 19423: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19401: 19399: 19393: 19392: 19390: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19377:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 19373: 19371: 19362: 19356: 19355: 19352: 19351: 19349: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19312: 19310: 19306: 19305: 19303: 19302: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19264: 19263: 19253: 19248: 19247: 19246: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19221: 19220: 19219: 19218: 19217: 19212: 19202: 19197: 19192: 19181: 19179: 19173: 19172: 19170: 19169: 19162: 19161: 19160: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19114:Bible Students 19106: 19101: 19096: 19091: 19086: 19084:Restorationism 19081: 19080: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19063: 19062: 19052: 19047: 19042: 19040:Evangelicalism 19037: 19036: 19035: 19030: 19025: 19015: 19014: 19013: 19008: 19003: 18993: 18988: 18983: 18982: 18981: 18976: 18971: 18966: 18961: 18951: 18941: 18940: 18939: 18934: 18920: 18919: 18918: 18913: 18903: 18898: 18897: 18896: 18886: 18885: 18884: 18879: 18868: 18866: 18860: 18859: 18857: 18856: 18849: 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18813: 18812: 18811: 18810: 18800: 18799: 18798: 18782: 18780: 18771: 18762: 18752: 18751: 18739: 18738: 18731: 18730: 18723: 18716: 18708: 18699: 18698: 18696: 18695: 18685: 18672: 18669: 18668: 18665: 18664: 18661: 18660: 18658: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18616: 18615: 18605: 18604: 18603: 18598: 18593: 18583: 18578: 18577: 18576: 18571: 18560: 18558: 18557:Related topics 18554: 18553: 18551: 18550: 18545: 18540: 18535: 18529: 18527: 18521: 18520: 18518: 18517: 18512: 18507: 18502: 18497: 18496: 18495: 18490: 18479: 18477: 18467: 18466: 18453: 18452: 18449: 18448: 18445: 18444: 18442: 18441: 18436: 18429: 18424: 18423: 18422: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18386: 18384: 18380: 18379: 18377: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18355: 18353: 18347: 18346: 18344: 18343: 18338: 18333: 18328: 18323: 18318: 18313: 18308: 18302: 18300: 18294: 18293: 18291: 18290: 18285: 18280: 18275: 18270: 18265: 18260: 18255: 18249: 18247: 18237: 18236: 18221: 18220: 18217: 18216: 18213: 18212: 18210: 18209: 18204: 18203: 18202: 18190: 18188:Sources of law 18185: 18180: 18179: 18178: 18168: 18161: 18156: 18149: 18144: 18137: 18132: 18127: 18122: 18117: 18112: 18107: 18102: 18095: 18088: 18087: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18066: 18061: 18053: 18051: 18047: 18046: 18044: 18043: 18036: 18029: 18022: 18015: 18008: 18001: 17993: 17991: 17989: 17988: 17983: 17978: 17972: 17969: 17968: 17966: 17965: 17958: 17953: 17946: 17939: 17932: 17924: 17922: 17916: 17915: 17913: 17912: 17905: 17898: 17891: 17884: 17879: 17873: 17871: 17861: 17860: 17857: 17856: 17851: 17845: 17837: 17836: 17833: 17832: 17830: 17829: 17824: 17819: 17814: 17812:Social welfare 17809: 17804: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17747: 17742: 17737: 17732: 17726: 17724: 17722: 17721: 17716: 17710: 17707: 17706: 17704: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17692: 17691: 17681: 17676: 17671: 17670: 17669: 17664: 17663: 17662: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17621: 17620: 17597: 17595: 17589: 17588: 17586: 17585: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17557: 17555: 17549: 17548: 17546: 17545: 17544: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17496: 17491: 17484: 17477: 17475:Historiography 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17451: 17449: 17447: 17446: 17441: 17435: 17432: 17431: 17429: 17428: 17421: 17414: 17407: 17400: 17392: 17390: 17384: 17383: 17381: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17347: 17346: 17336: 17329: 17328: 17327: 17316: 17314: 17304: 17303: 17296: 17293: 17292: 17284: 17283: 17276: 17269: 17261: 17252: 17251: 17248: 17247: 17244: 17243: 17241: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17225: 17220: 17215: 17207: 17204: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17171: 17165: 17163: 17157: 17156: 17154: 17153: 17148: 17147: 17146: 17141: 17132: 17117: 17115: 17109: 17108: 17106: 17105: 17104: 17103: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17080:Muhammad Abduh 17071: 17069: 17063: 17062: 17060: 17059: 17058: 17057: 17039: 17038: 17037: 17023: 17022: 17021: 17003: 17002: 17001: 16984: 16983: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16961: 16959: 16950: 16940: 16939: 16936: 16935: 16933: 16932: 16931: 16930: 16925: 16923:Rashad Khalifa 16915: 16914: 16913: 16908: 16906:Muhammad Iqbal 16898: 16893: 16887: 16885: 16879: 16878: 16876: 16875: 16874: 16873: 16867: 16866: 16865: 16859: 16858: 16857: 16856: 16855: 16849: 16846: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16835: 16834: 16833: 16824: 16823: 16822: 16814: 16813: 16812: 16811: 16810: 16805: 16797: 16790: 16788: 16776: 16775: 16773: 16772: 16759: 16752:Bektashi Order 16745: 16736: 16722: 16720: 16711: 16697: 16696: 16693: 16692: 16690: 16689: 16688: 16687: 16679: 16674: 16669: 16666: 16665: 16664: 16656: 16655: 16654: 16648: 16643: 16642: 16641: 16631: 16630: 16629: 16623: 16622: 16621: 16615: 16614: 16613: 16605: 16604: 16603: 16601:Abu al-Khattab 16592: 16590: 16584: 16583: 16581: 16580: 16579: 16578: 16573: 16568: 16559:Abū Hulmān al- 16552: 16549: 16548: 16547: 16540: 16538: 16529: 16523: 16522: 16519: 16518: 16516: 16515: 16514:Amr ibn Murrah 16512: 16511:Ahmad ibn Hārb 16509: 16506: 16503: 16500: 16499:Salm ibn Sālem 16497: 16494: 16491: 16488: 16485: 16482: 16479: 16474: 16468: 16466: 16462: 16461: 16459: 16458: 16457: 16456: 16450: 16449: 16448: 16442: 16441: 16440: 16434: 16433: 16432: 16431:Sāleh ibn Umar 16426: 16425: 16424: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16410: 16409: 16408: 16407:Gassān al-Kūfī 16402: 16401: 16400: 16394: 16393: 16392: 16385: 16383: 16379: 16378: 16376: 16375: 16374: 16373: 16370: 16367: 16364: 16361: 16358: 16355: 16352: 16349: 16346: 16343: 16340: 16337: 16334: 16331: 16328: 16321: 16319: 16310: 16290: 16289: 16286: 16285: 16283: 16282: 16277: 16276: 16275: 16265: 16256: 16254:Jābir ibn Zayd 16251: 16245: 16243: 16237: 16236: 16234: 16233: 16232: 16231: 16222: 16212: 16211: 16210: 16200: 16199: 16198: 16192: 16191: 16190: 16180: 16179: 16178: 16175: 16172: 16165: 16163: 16154: 16142: 16141: 16138: 16137: 16135: 16134: 16129: 16128: 16127: 16122:Tawussite Shia 16119: 16118: 16117: 16103: 16102: 16101: 16087: 16081: 16079: 16072: 16071: 16069: 16068: 16067: 16066: 16061: 16060: 16059: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16047: 16046: 16045: 16040: 16025: 16024: 16023: 16005: 16004: 16003: 16002: 16001: 15995: 15994: 15993: 15990: 15989: 15988: 15985: 15977: 15962: 15961: 15960: 15949: 15947: 15939: 15938: 15936: 15935: 15934: 15933: 15924: 15911: 15897: 15896: 15895: 15883: 15882: 15881: 15876: 15875: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15844: 15843: 15842: 15825: 15807: 15806: 15805: 15794: 15792: 15782: 15781: 15779: 15778: 15777: 15776: 15767: 15753: 15752: 15751: 15734: 15716: 15715: 15714: 15688: 15687: 15686: 15681: 15680: 15679: 15674: 15658: 15656: 15643: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15613: 15612: 15611: 15606: 15596: 15595: 15594: 15592:Imams of Yemen 15589: 15587:Yahya ibn Umar 15584: 15583: 15582: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15551: 15549: 15540: 15534: 15533: 15530: 15529: 15527: 15526: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15522: 15513: 15500: 15477: 15476: 15475: 15474: 15473: 15459: 15448: 15446: 15434: 15433: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15417: 15416: 15411: 15410: 15409: 15404: 15399: 15389: 15388: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15362: 15361: 15360: 15341: 15331: 15330: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15309: 15308: 15307: 15298: 15296: 15281: 15271: 15270: 15258: 15257: 15254: 15253: 15250: 15249: 15247: 15246: 15241: 15235: 15232: 15231: 15228: 15227: 15225: 15224: 15213: 15202: 15195:Kitab al-Majmu 15191: 15183: 15181: 15177: 15176: 15174: 15173: 15166: 15161: 15154: 15147: 15140: 15132: 15130: 15124: 15123: 15121: 15120: 15113: 15106: 15099: 15092: 15085: 15078: 15071: 15064: 15057: 15050: 15043: 15036: 15033:Asas al-Taqdis 15028: 15026: 15017: 15013: 15012: 15009: 15008: 15006: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14979: 14977: 14971: 14970: 14968: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14946: 14945: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14909: 14907: 14901: 14900: 14898: 14897: 14896: 14895: 14885: 14883:Ja'far Sobhani 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14834: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14786:Husayn ibn Ali 14783: 14778: 14767: 14765: 14759: 14758: 14756: 14755: 14754: 14753: 14745: 14744: 14743: 14733: 14732: 14731: 14721: 14719:Salman al-Ouda 14716: 14715: 14714: 14712:Sahwa movement 14704: 14702:Zubair Ali Zai 14699: 14694: 14693: 14692: 14682: 14681: 14680: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14645: 14640: 14635: 14634: 14633: 14623: 14618: 14612: 14610: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14600: 14599: 14598: 14595: 14592: 14589: 14582: 14580: 14574: 14573: 14571: 14570: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14550:Al-Zamakhshari 14547: 14546: 14545: 14535: 14529: 14526: 14523: 14520: 14514: 14511: 14508: 14505: 14502: 14495: 14493: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14477: 14457: 14455: 14449: 14448: 14446: 14445: 14435: 14434: 14433: 14425: 14409: 14398: 14396: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14386: 14385: 14384: 14383: 14382: 14369: 14368: 14367: 14356: 14354: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14287:Ahmad Sirhindi 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14183: 14181: 14169: 14168: 14166: 14165: 14155: 14148:Malik ibn Anas 14145: 14134: 14132: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13912:Al-Shahrastani 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13888: 13886: 13871: 13865: 13864: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13841: 13839: 13833: 13832: 13830: 13829: 13824: 13819: 13813: 13811: 13805: 13804: 13802: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13780: 13778: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13768: 13763: 13758: 13752: 13750: 13741: 13733: 13732: 13729: 13728: 13725: 13720: 13716: 13708: 13707: 13700: 13699: 13692: 13685: 13677: 13668: 13667: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13648:United Kingdom 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13525: 13520: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13410: 13407: 13406: 13401: 13400: 13393: 13386: 13378: 13372: 13371: 13355:United Kingdom 13346: 13325: 13292: 13282:on 4 June 2022 13258: 13257:External links 13255: 13253: 13252: 13226:(2): 243–262. 13211: 13194: 13191: 13185: 13172: 13166: 13153: 13147: 13127: 13121: 13115:. SUNY Press. 13101: 13095: 13073: 13067: 13051: 13045: 13039:. Lit Verlag. 13032: 13026: 13020:. I.B.Tauris. 13013: 13007: 12994: 12988: 12972: 12966: 12952:Dabashi, Hamid 12947: 12946: 12940: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12918: 12904: 12891: 12885: 12872: 12866: 12850: 12844: 12824: 12818: 12802: 12796: 12780: 12774: 12762:Lewis, Bernard 12754: 12748: 12742:. Suny Press. 12735: 12729: 12711: 12705: 12688: 12670: 12664: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12579: 12514: 12478: 12452: 12425: 12392: 12370: 12347: 12327: 12306: 12280: 12262: 12236: 12205: 12198: 12178: 12126: 12072: 12012: 11997: 11944: 11922: 11900: 11874: 11830: 11815: 11772: 11746: 11733: 11714: 11707: 11689: 11676: 11663: 11641: 11623: 11616: 11596: 11589: 11563: 11541: 11524: 11509: 11491: 11461: 11431: 11424: 11406: 11396: 11378: 11352: 11342: 11324: 11317: 11299: 11273: 11236:10.2307/605981 11204: 11189: 11155:Upal, M. Afzal 11130: 11103:(2): 197–221. 11083: 11076: 11058: 11032: 11006: 10993: 10967: 10920: 10908: 10897:on 23 May 2022 10878: 10876:, p. 243. 10866: 10854: 10847: 10830: 10821: 10815:978-0778791423 10814: 10791: 10782:Eurasia Review 10769: 10752: 10728: 10711: 10699: 10678: 10666: 10657: 10650: 10630: 10611: 10597:"Introduction" 10587: 10572: 10570:, pp. 272–301. 10559: 10541: 10526: 10508: 10494: 10479: 10473:978-1138650817 10472: 10449: 10434: 10419: 10399: 10370: 10363: 10343: 10324: 10304: 10298:978-9987080939 10297: 10277: 10254: 10235: 10215: 10189: 10162: 10135: 10121:on 28 May 2010 10095: 10054: 10006: 9999: 9979: 9949: 9929: 9903: 9896: 9875: 9853: 9824: 9812: 9760: 9706: 9678: 9664:on 4 June 2011 9639: 9605: 9591: 9579: 9567: 9554: 9535: 9515: 9488: 9482:. p. 71. 9455: 9444: 9426: 9416: 9392: 9382: 9360: 9353: 9335: 9314: 9288: 9258: 9251: 9230: 9221: 9212: 9197: 9182: 9170: 9137: 9110: 9088: 9063: 9054: 9035: 9032:. p. 271. 9021: 9003: 8986: 8960: 8930: 8919: 8899: 8878:Gundrun Krämer 8862: 8851:on 28 May 2012 8836: 8819: 8794: 8778: 8765: 8756: 8747: 8738: 8729: 8699: 8668: 8661: 8640: 8611: 8601:978-1841622439 8600: 8580: 8574:978-0231700405 8573: 8553: 8504: 8490: 8451: 8425: 8419:978-0838910047 8418: 8398: 8392:978-0791417812 8391: 8371: 8353: 8338: 8331: 8306: 8294: 8273: 8247: 8225: 8207: 8198: 8189: 8177: 8165: 8135: 8122: 8116:978-1412839723 8115: 8092: 8066: 8040: 8018: 7994: 7964: 7952: 7926: 7900: 7893: 7862: 7850: 7835: 7817: 7805: 7793: 7654: 7642: 7625:English forums 7604: 7572: 7557: 7550: 7530: 7506: 7499: 7481: 7474: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7446: 7445: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7302: 7301: 7287: 7273: 7257: 7254: 7219:Ba'athist Iraq 7215:Saddam Hussein 7190:armies of the 7178:as killing 70 7147:Arab countries 7089:, the seventh 7051: 7048: 6948:Rassid dynasty 6940:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6928:Banu Ukhaidhir 6917:Imams of Yemen 6861: 6858: 6828:In matters of 6825: 6822: 6810:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6784:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6776:any descendant 6767: 6764: 6694:Main article: 6691: 6684: 6655:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6619: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6594: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6578: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6562: 6561:(Guardianship) 6541: 6538: 6533:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6379:chain of Imams 6347:Main article: 6344: 6343:Ismāʿīlī Imams 6341: 6325:United Kingdom 6321:Western Europe 6264:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6209:his successors 6133:Main article: 6130: 6123: 6104:supported the 6032: 6029: 5987:, such as the 5961: 5960: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5932: 5924: 5912: 5904: 5888: 5887: 5879: 5871: 5863: 5855: 5789:Main article: 5786: 5783: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5698: 5687: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5649: 5641: 5629: 5621: 5613: 5588: 5585: 5518:Main article: 5515: 5512: 5488:, named after 5456:Main article: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5425: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5398:Islam in Qatar 5395: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5370: 5365: 5363:United Kingdom 5352: 5351: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5335: 5326: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5296: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5266: 5253: 5252: 5250:Nizari Ismaili 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5232: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5185: 5184: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5155: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5112: 5111: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5093:<2,000,000 5091: 5086: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5057: 5044: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5026: 5013: 5012: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4994:Islam in Syria 4991: 4978: 4977: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4952: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4903: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4886: 4881: 4868: 4867: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4846: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4816: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4751: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4667: 4664: 4630:A significant 4464:Main article: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4442: 4435: 4433: 4419: 4412: 4410: 4400: 4393: 4358: 4357: 4326: 4311: 4298: 4227:Safavid Empire 4204: 4203:Safavid Empire 4201: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4155: 4091:, named after 4081: 4078: 4058: 4057: 4054:Southern India 4050:Deccan Plateau 4043: 4038:; his brother 4036:state religion 3978: 3964: 3951: 3940:Eastern Arabia 3926: 3900:Main article: 3897: 3894: 3802: 3799: 3672:and sister of 3666:Fatima Masumeh 3557:Main article: 3554: 3548: 3506: 3505: 3496: 3495: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3483: 3405:Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī 3376:Husayn ibn Ali 3367: 3364: 3181: 3178: 3160:Main article: 3157: 3154: 3146:, stated in a 3144:ʿAlī Khameneʾī 3086: 3083: 3069:armies of the 3048:Tomb of Daniel 3006:in Najaf, the 2941:Main article: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2921: 2918:Laylat al-Qadr 2915: 2901: 2891: 2881: 2869:Rabi' al-awwal 2862: 2848: 2821: 2818:Eid al-Ghadeer 2815: 2803: 2786:Main article: 2783: 2780: 2720: 2717: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2667:, the ring of 2625: 2618: 2572: 2569: 2560:Da'i al-Mutlaq 2522:, such as the 2520:Shīʿa subsects 2478:—the promised 2432: 2425: 2409:الإنسان الكامل 2289:as well as to 2229:Main article: 2226: 2219: 2028: 2021: 1929: 1926: 1891: 1890: 1846: 1844: 1837: 1828:Main article: 1825: 1822: 1774:Al-Shahrastani 1562: 1559: 1453:أَهْل ٱلْبَيْت 1286: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1139: 1136:Related topics 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1118:Social welfare 1115: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 996: 995: 994: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 948: 939: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 904: 903: 896: 889: 881: 880: 875: 869: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 847: 838: 837: 831: 823: 815: 806: 805: 785: 777: 774: 773: 768: 762: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 736: 735: 730: 724: 719: 718: 715: 714: 711: 710: 708:Predestination 704: 703: 698: 692: 691: 689:Revealed Books 686: 680: 679: 669: 664: 663: 660: 659: 651: 650: 644: 643: 631: 630: 628: 627: 620: 613: 605: 602: 601: 588: 587: 584: 583: 581:Sayyida Nafisa 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 556:Hakimah Khātūn 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 459: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 440: 439: 438: 433: 428: 427: 426: 416: 411: 401: 400: 399: 398: 397: 392: 382: 381: 380: 375: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 351:Hebtiahs Bohra 348: 347: 346: 321: 320: 319: 309: 308: 307: 302: 297: 286: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 221: 216: 215: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 71: 70: 67: 66: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23706: 23695: 23692: 23691: 23689: 23674: 23670: 23666: 23664: 23656: 23655: 23652: 23638: 23635: 23633: 23630: 23628: 23625: 23623: 23620: 23618: 23615: 23613: 23610: 23608: 23605: 23603: 23600: 23598: 23595: 23593: 23590: 23588: 23585: 23583: 23580: 23579: 23577: 23575: 23574:South America 23571: 23565: 23562: 23560: 23557: 23555: 23552: 23550: 23547: 23545: 23542: 23540: 23537: 23535: 23532: 23530: 23527: 23525: 23522: 23520: 23517: 23515: 23512: 23510: 23507: 23505: 23502: 23500: 23497: 23496: 23494: 23492: 23488: 23482: 23481:United States 23479: 23477: 23474: 23472: 23469: 23467: 23464: 23462: 23459: 23457: 23454: 23452: 23449: 23447: 23444: 23442: 23439: 23437: 23434: 23432: 23429: 23427: 23424: 23422: 23419: 23417: 23414: 23412: 23409: 23407: 23404: 23402: 23399: 23397: 23394: 23392: 23389: 23387: 23384: 23382: 23379: 23377: 23374: 23372: 23369: 23368: 23366: 23364: 23363:North America 23360: 23352: 23349: 23347: 23344: 23342: 23339: 23337: 23334: 23333: 23332: 23329: 23327: 23324: 23322: 23319: 23317: 23314: 23312: 23309: 23307: 23304: 23302: 23299: 23297: 23294: 23292: 23289: 23287: 23284: 23282: 23279: 23277: 23274: 23272: 23269: 23267: 23264: 23262: 23259: 23257: 23254: 23252: 23249: 23247: 23244: 23242: 23239: 23237: 23234: 23232: 23229: 23227: 23224: 23222: 23221:Liechtenstein 23219: 23217: 23214: 23212: 23209: 23207: 23204: 23202: 23199: 23197: 23194: 23192: 23189: 23187: 23184: 23182: 23179: 23177: 23174: 23172: 23169: 23167: 23164: 23162: 23159: 23157: 23154: 23152: 23149: 23147: 23144: 23142: 23139: 23137: 23134: 23132: 23129: 23127: 23124: 23122: 23119: 23117: 23114: 23113: 23111: 23109: 23105: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23086: 23084: 23081: 23079: 23076: 23074: 23071: 23069: 23066: 23064: 23061: 23059: 23056: 23054: 23051: 23049: 23046: 23044: 23041: 23039: 23036: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23026: 23024: 23021: 23019: 23016: 23014: 23011: 23009: 23006: 23004: 23001: 22999: 22996: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22971: 22969: 22966: 22964: 22961: 22957: 22954: 22952: 22949: 22948: 22947: 22944: 22942: 22939: 22937: 22934: 22932: 22929: 22927: 22924: 22922: 22919: 22917: 22914: 22912: 22909: 22907: 22904: 22902: 22899: 22897: 22894: 22892: 22889: 22887: 22884: 22882: 22879: 22877: 22874: 22872: 22869: 22867: 22864: 22862: 22859: 22857: 22854: 22852: 22849: 22847: 22844: 22842: 22839: 22838: 22836: 22834: 22830: 22824: 22821: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22794: 22791: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22771: 22769: 22766: 22764: 22761: 22759: 22756: 22754: 22751: 22749: 22746: 22744: 22741: 22739: 22736: 22734: 22731: 22729: 22726: 22724: 22721: 22719: 22716: 22714: 22711: 22709: 22706: 22704: 22701: 22699: 22696: 22694: 22691: 22689: 22686: 22684: 22681: 22679: 22676: 22674: 22673:Guinea-Bissau 22671: 22669: 22666: 22664: 22661: 22659: 22656: 22654: 22651: 22649: 22646: 22644: 22641: 22639: 22636: 22634: 22631: 22629: 22626: 22624: 22621: 22619: 22616: 22614: 22611: 22609: 22606: 22604: 22601: 22599: 22596: 22594: 22591: 22589: 22586: 22584: 22581: 22579: 22576: 22574: 22571: 22569: 22566: 22564: 22561: 22559: 22556: 22555: 22553: 22551: 22547: 22543: 22536: 22532: 22518: 22515: 22513: 22510: 22508: 22505: 22503: 22500: 22498: 22497:Organizations 22495: 22493: 22490: 22488: 22485: 22483: 22480: 22478: 22475: 22473: 22470: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22454: 22452: 22449: 22441: 22435: 22432: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22415: 22412: 22410: 22407: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22395: 22392: 22390: 22387: 22385: 22382: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22371: 22366: 22360: 22357: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22340: 22339: 22338: 22335: 22333: 22330: 22328: 22327:Vegetarianism 22325: 22323: 22320: 22318: 22315: 22313: 22310: 22308: 22305: 22303: 22300: 22298: 22295: 22293: 22290: 22288: 22285: 22283: 22280: 22278: 22275: 22273: 22272:Homosexuality 22270: 22268: 22265: 22263: 22260: 22258: 22255: 22251: 22248: 22246: 22243: 22241: 22238: 22236: 22233: 22232: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22221: 22218: 22216: 22213: 22209: 22206: 22204: 22201: 22199: 22196: 22195: 22194: 22191: 22187: 22184: 22182: 22179: 22177: 22174: 22173: 22172: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22158: 22155: 22154: 22152: 22149: 22142: 22136: 22133: 22131: 22128: 22126: 22123: 22119: 22116: 22115: 22114: 22111: 22109: 22106: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22093:Neurotheology 22091: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22081: 22079: 22076: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22060: 22058: 22056: 22050: 22044: 22041: 22039: 22036: 22034: 22031: 22029: 22026: 22024: 22021: 22019: 22016: 22014: 22011: 22009: 22006: 22004: 22001: 21999: 21996: 21995: 21993: 21991: 21987: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21969: 21966: 21965: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21909: 21907: 21904: 21903: 21902: 21899: 21895: 21892: 21890: 21887: 21885: 21882: 21881: 21880: 21877: 21875: 21872: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21835: 21832: 21828: 21825: 21823: 21820: 21818: 21815: 21814: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21805: 21803: 21800: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21788: 21787:Folk religion 21785: 21783: 21780: 21778: 21775: 21773: 21770: 21768: 21765: 21763: 21760: 21758: 21755: 21753: 21750: 21748: 21745: 21743: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21726: 21724: 21721: 21719: 21715: 21712: 21711: 21709: 21705: 21701: 21694: 21690: 21680: 21677: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21652: 21650: 21647: 21643: 21640: 21638: 21635: 21633: 21630: 21629: 21628: 21625: 21621: 21618: 21616: 21613: 21611: 21610:Imperial cult 21608: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21597: 21596: 21593: 21591: 21588: 21584: 21581: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21570: 21569: 21566: 21562: 21559: 21557: 21554: 21553: 21552: 21549: 21545: 21542: 21540: 21537: 21535: 21532: 21530: 21527: 21526: 21525: 21522: 21520: 21517: 21513: 21510: 21509: 21508: 21505: 21501: 21498: 21496: 21493: 21492: 21491: 21488: 21486: 21483: 21479: 21476: 21475: 21474: 21471: 21469: 21466: 21464: 21461: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21408: 21407: 21404: 21400: 21397: 21395: 21392: 21390: 21387: 21385: 21382: 21381: 21380: 21377: 21375: 21372: 21368: 21365: 21364: 21363: 21360: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21350: 21346: 21343: 21342: 21341: 21338: 21336: 21333: 21331: 21328: 21324: 21321: 21319: 21316: 21315: 21314: 21311: 21309: 21306: 21302: 21299: 21297: 21294: 21292: 21289: 21288: 21287: 21284: 21282: 21279: 21277: 21274: 21272: 21269: 21265: 21262: 21261: 21260: 21257: 21256: 21253: 21249: 21244: 21240: 21220: 21217: 21216: 21215: 21212: 21210: 21207: 21205: 21202: 21200: 21197: 21195: 21192: 21190: 21187: 21185: 21182: 21180: 21179:Discordianism 21177: 21175: 21174:Anthroposophy 21172: 21171: 21169: 21165: 21157: 21156: 21152: 21151: 21150: 21147: 21145: 21142: 21138: 21135: 21133: 21130: 21128: 21125: 21123: 21122:Mari religion 21120: 21118: 21115: 21113: 21110: 21108: 21105: 21104: 21103: 21100: 21098: 21095: 21093: 21090: 21088: 21085: 21083: 21080: 21078: 21075: 21073: 21070: 21068: 21065: 21063: 21060: 21056: 21053: 21052: 21051: 21048: 21044: 21041: 21039: 21036: 21035: 21034: 21031: 21027: 21024: 21022: 21019: 21018: 21017: 21014: 21012: 21009: 21005: 21002: 21001: 20999: 20998: 20996: 20994: 20988: 20982: 20979: 20977: 20974: 20972: 20969: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20959:Neo-Theosophy 20957: 20956: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20945: 20942: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20928: 20925: 20924: 20923: 20920: 20918: 20915: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20897:New Acropolis 20895: 20893: 20890: 20888: 20885: 20883: 20880: 20878: 20875: 20873: 20870: 20869: 20867: 20863: 20860: 20858: 20850: 20840: 20837: 20835: 20832: 20830: 20827: 20825: 20822: 20821: 20819: 20815: 20803: 20800: 20798: 20795: 20793: 20790: 20788: 20785: 20783: 20780: 20778: 20775: 20773: 20770: 20768: 20765: 20763: 20760: 20758: 20755: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20717: 20716: 20713: 20712: 20711: 20709: 20705: 20704: 20699: 20696: 20695: 20694: 20691: 20689: 20686: 20684: 20681: 20679: 20676: 20674: 20671: 20669: 20666: 20664: 20661: 20659: 20656: 20654: 20651: 20649: 20646: 20644: 20641: 20639: 20636: 20634: 20631: 20629: 20626: 20624: 20621: 20619: 20616: 20614: 20611: 20609: 20606: 20602: 20599: 20597: 20594: 20593: 20592: 20589: 20587: 20584: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20573: 20571: 20569: 20563: 20555: 20552: 20551: 20550: 20547: 20546: 20544: 20542:North African 20540: 20537: 20535: 20529: 20523: 20520: 20518: 20515: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20464: 20462: 20460: 20456: 20450: 20447: 20445: 20442: 20440: 20437: 20435: 20432: 20431: 20429: 20427: 20423: 20419: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20387: 20386: 20383: 20381: 20378: 20376: 20373: 20371: 20368: 20366: 20363: 20361: 20358: 20354: 20351: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20335: 20334: 20331: 20329: 20326: 20324: 20321: 20317: 20314: 20313: 20312: 20309: 20307: 20306:Kwakwakaʼwakw 20304: 20302: 20299: 20295: 20292: 20290: 20287: 20285: 20282: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20271: 20270: 20267: 20265: 20262: 20260: 20257: 20255: 20252: 20250: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20233: 20231: 20228: 20226: 20223: 20219: 20216: 20214: 20211: 20209: 20206: 20205: 20204: 20201: 20199: 20196: 20194: 20191: 20187: 20184: 20183: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20168: 20166: 20164: 20158: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20131: 20130: 20127: 20123: 20120: 20119: 20118: 20115: 20113: 20110: 20108: 20105: 20103: 20100: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20087: 20085: 20081: 20078: 20076: 20073: 20072: 20071: 20068: 20066: 20063: 20062: 20060: 20058: 20054: 20048: 20045: 20044: 20042: 20040: 20039:Austroasiatic 20036: 20028: 20025: 20023: 20020: 20019: 20018: 20015: 20011: 20010:Vattisen Yaly 20008: 20006: 20003: 20001: 19998: 19997: 19996: 19992: 19989: 19988: 19986: 19984: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19971: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19946: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19937: 19935: 19932: 19930: 19929:Kirat Mundhum 19927: 19925: 19922: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19910: 19909: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19894: 19892: 19888: 19882: 19881: 19877: 19875: 19872: 19868: 19865: 19864: 19863: 19860: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19842: 19838: 19835: 19834: 19833: 19830: 19828: 19825: 19824: 19822: 19820: 19816: 19810: 19809: 19805: 19803: 19800: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19732: 19731: 19728: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19680: 19679: 19676: 19675: 19673: 19671: 19667: 19664: 19662: 19658: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19624: 19622: 19620: 19616: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19596: 19594: 19592: 19588: 19582: 19579: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19565: 19564: 19560: 19559: 19558: 19555: 19554: 19552: 19550: 19546: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19529: 19528: 19525: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19513: 19512: 19511: 19508: 19506: 19503: 19501: 19498: 19496: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19487: 19485: 19483: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19470: 19467: 19465: 19461: 19447: 19444: 19442: 19439: 19437: 19434: 19433: 19431: 19427: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19406: 19403: 19402: 19400: 19398: 19394: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19374: 19372: 19370: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19357: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19313: 19311: 19307: 19301: 19300: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19288:Milah Abraham 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19262: 19259: 19258: 19257: 19254: 19252: 19249: 19245: 19242: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19226: 19225: 19222: 19216: 19213: 19211: 19208: 19207: 19206: 19203: 19201: 19198: 19196: 19193: 19191: 19188: 19187: 19186: 19183: 19182: 19180: 19178: 19174: 19168: 19167: 19163: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19115: 19112: 19111: 19110: 19107: 19105: 19102: 19100: 19097: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19085: 19082: 19078: 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19061: 19058: 19057: 19056: 19053: 19051: 19048: 19046: 19043: 19041: 19038: 19034: 19031: 19029: 19026: 19024: 19021: 19020: 19019: 19016: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18998: 18997: 18994: 18992: 18989: 18987: 18984: 18980: 18977: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18960: 18957: 18956: 18955: 18952: 18950: 18947: 18946: 18945: 18944:Protestantism 18942: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18929: 18926: 18925: 18924: 18921: 18917: 18914: 18912: 18909: 18908: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18895: 18892: 18891: 18890: 18887: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18874: 18873: 18870: 18869: 18867: 18865: 18861: 18855: 18854: 18850: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18809: 18806: 18805: 18804: 18801: 18797: 18794: 18793: 18792: 18789: 18788: 18787: 18784: 18783: 18781: 18779: 18775: 18772: 18770: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18757: 18753: 18749: 18744: 18740: 18736: 18729: 18724: 18722: 18717: 18715: 18710: 18709: 18706: 18694: 18686: 18684: 18674: 18673: 18670: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18614: 18611: 18610: 18609: 18606: 18602: 18599: 18597: 18596:Post-Islamism 18594: 18592: 18589: 18588: 18587: 18584: 18582: 18579: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18566: 18565: 18562: 18561: 18559: 18555: 18549: 18546: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18526: 18522: 18516: 18513: 18511: 18508: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18498: 18494: 18493:Protestantism 18491: 18489: 18486: 18485: 18484: 18481: 18480: 18478: 18476: 18472: 18468: 18458: 18454: 18440: 18437: 18435: 18434: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18421: 18418: 18417: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18387: 18385: 18381: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18356: 18354: 18352: 18348: 18342: 18339: 18337: 18336:Ophthalmology 18334: 18332: 18329: 18327: 18324: 18322: 18319: 18317: 18314: 18312: 18309: 18307: 18304: 18303: 18301: 18299: 18295: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18281: 18279: 18276: 18274: 18271: 18269: 18266: 18264: 18261: 18259: 18256: 18254: 18251: 18250: 18248: 18246: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18226: 18222: 18208: 18205: 18201: 18200: 18196: 18195: 18194: 18191: 18189: 18186: 18184: 18181: 18177: 18174: 18173: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18166: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18155: 18154: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18142: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18131: 18128: 18126: 18123: 18121: 18118: 18116: 18113: 18111: 18108: 18106: 18103: 18101: 18100: 18096: 18094: 18093: 18089: 18085: 18084:Death penalty 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18071: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18060: 18059: 18055: 18054: 18052: 18050:Other aspects 18048: 18042: 18041: 18037: 18035: 18034: 18030: 18028: 18027: 18023: 18021: 18020: 18016: 18014: 18013: 18009: 18007: 18006: 18002: 18000: 17999: 17995: 17994: 17992: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17973: 17970: 17964: 17963: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17951: 17947: 17945: 17944: 17940: 17938: 17937: 17933: 17931: 17930: 17926: 17925: 17923: 17921: 17917: 17911: 17910: 17906: 17904: 17903: 17899: 17897: 17896: 17892: 17890: 17889: 17885: 17883: 17880: 17878: 17875: 17874: 17872: 17870: 17866: 17862: 17855: 17854:Jurisprudence 17852: 17850: 17847: 17846: 17842: 17838: 17828: 17825: 17823: 17820: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17802: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17746: 17743: 17741: 17738: 17736: 17733: 17731: 17728: 17727: 17725: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17711: 17708: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17690: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17682: 17680: 17677: 17675: 17672: 17668: 17665: 17661: 17658: 17657: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17637: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17619: 17615: 17611: 17607: 17604: 17603: 17602: 17599: 17598: 17596: 17594: 17593:Denominations 17590: 17584: 17583: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17558: 17556: 17554: 17550: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17506: 17502: 17501: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17489: 17485: 17483: 17482: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17452: 17450: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17436: 17433: 17427: 17426: 17422: 17420: 17419: 17415: 17413: 17412: 17408: 17406: 17405: 17401: 17399: 17398: 17394: 17393: 17391: 17389: 17385: 17379: 17378:Holiest sites 17376: 17374: 17373:Judgement Day 17371: 17369: 17368: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17345: 17342: 17341: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17334: 17330: 17326: 17323: 17322: 17321: 17318: 17317: 17315: 17313: 17309: 17305: 17301: 17300: 17294: 17289: 17282: 17277: 17275: 17270: 17268: 17263: 17262: 17259: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17219: 17216: 17213: 17209: 17208: 17205: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17175: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17166: 17164: 17162: 17161:Other beliefs 17158: 17152: 17149: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17136: 17135:Hilmi Tunahan 17133: 17131: 17127: 17124: 17123: 17122: 17119: 17118: 17116: 17114: 17110: 17102: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17085:Muhammad Asad 17083: 17081: 17078: 17077: 17076: 17073: 17072: 17070: 17068: 17064: 17056: 17052: 17048: 17045: 17044: 17043: 17040: 17036: 17032: 17029: 17028: 17027: 17024: 17020: 17016: 17012: 17009: 17008: 17007: 17004: 17000: 16996: 16995:Sabbatai Zevi 16993: 16992: 16991: 16988: 16985: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16967: 16966: 16963: 16962: 16960: 16958: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16941: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16920: 16919: 16916: 16912: 16909: 16907: 16904: 16903: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16888: 16886: 16884: 16880: 16871: 16870: 16868: 16863: 16862: 16860: 16853: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845:Ali al-Aswarī 16844: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16827: 16825: 16820: 16819: 16818: 16815: 16809: 16806: 16803: 16802: 16801: 16798: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16781: 16777: 16771: 16767: 16763: 16760: 16757: 16753: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16731: 16727: 16724: 16723: 16721: 16719: 16715: 16712: 16709: 16702: 16698: 16686: 16683: 16682: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16667: 16662: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16652: 16651: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16640: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16632: 16627: 16626: 16624: 16619: 16618: 16617:Muʿāmmarīyya 16616: 16611: 16610: 16609: 16606: 16602: 16599: 16598: 16597: 16594: 16593: 16591: 16589: 16585: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16566: 16562: 16558: 16557: 16556: 16553: 16550: 16545: 16544: 16542: 16541: 16539: 16537: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16524: 16513: 16510: 16507: 16504: 16501: 16498: 16495: 16492: 16489: 16486: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16469: 16467: 16463: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16446: 16445: 16443: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16430: 16429: 16427: 16422: 16421: 16419: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16406: 16405: 16403: 16398: 16397: 16395: 16390: 16389: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16380: 16371: 16368: 16365: 16362: 16359: 16356: 16353: 16350: 16347: 16344: 16341: 16338: 16335: 16332: 16329: 16326: 16325: 16323: 16322: 16320: 16318: 16314: 16311: 16308: 16302: 16295: 16291: 16281: 16278: 16274: 16271: 16270: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16246: 16244: 16242: 16238: 16230: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16217: 16216: 16213: 16209: 16206: 16205: 16204: 16201: 16196: 16195: 16193: 16189: 16186: 16185: 16184: 16181: 16176: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16167: 16166: 16164: 16162: 16158: 16155: 16152: 16147: 16143: 16133: 16132:Waqifite Shia 16130: 16125: 16124: 16123: 16120: 16116: 16112: 16109: 16108: 16107: 16104: 16100: 16096: 16093: 16092: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16082: 16080: 16078: 16073: 16065: 16062: 16058: 16057:Ishaq al-Turk 16055: 16051: 16048: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16035: 16034: 16031: 16030: 16029: 16026: 16022: 16019: 16018: 16017: 16014: 16013: 16011: 16010: 16009: 16006: 15999: 15998: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15974: 15972: 15971: 15970: 15966: 15963: 15959: 15956: 15955: 15954: 15951: 15950: 15948: 15946: 15940: 15932: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15901: 15898: 15894: 15891: 15887: 15884: 15880: 15877: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15858: 15855: 15854: 15853: 15850: 15849: 15848: 15845: 15841: 15837: 15833: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15820: 15816: 15815:Hamdan Qarmat 15813: 15812: 15811: 15808: 15804: 15801: 15800: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15791: 15787: 15783: 15775: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15762: 15759: 15758: 15757: 15754: 15750: 15746: 15742: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15729: 15725: 15722: 15721: 15720: 15717: 15713: 15712:Safavid Islam 15709: 15705: 15701: 15697: 15696:Sheikh Haydar 15694: 15693: 15692: 15689: 15685: 15682: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15670: 15669: 15668: 15665: 15664: 15663: 15660: 15659: 15657: 15655: 15651: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15626: 15622: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15601: 15600: 15597: 15593: 15590: 15588: 15585: 15581: 15578: 15577: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15557: 15556: 15553: 15552: 15550: 15548: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15535: 15521: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15508: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15495: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15486: 15483: 15482: 15481: 15478: 15472: 15468: 15465: 15464: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15454: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15439: 15435: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15415: 15412: 15408: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15394: 15393: 15390: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15367: 15366: 15363: 15359: 15355: 15352: 15351: 15350: 15347: 15346: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15336: 15335: 15332: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15314: 15313: 15310: 15306: 15303: 15302: 15300: 15299: 15297: 15294: 15289: 15288:Ahl al-Hadith 15285: 15282: 15280: 15276: 15272: 15268: 15263: 15259: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15236: 15233: 15223: 15222: 15218: 15214: 15212: 15211: 15207: 15203: 15201: 15200: 15196: 15192: 15190: 15189: 15185: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15172: 15171: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15159: 15155: 15153: 15152: 15148: 15146: 15145: 15141: 15139: 15138: 15134: 15133: 15131: 15129: 15125: 15119: 15118: 15114: 15112: 15111: 15107: 15105: 15104: 15100: 15098: 15097: 15093: 15091: 15090: 15086: 15084: 15083: 15079: 15077: 15076: 15072: 15070: 15069: 15065: 15063: 15062: 15058: 15056: 15055: 15051: 15049: 15048: 15044: 15042: 15041: 15037: 15035: 15034: 15030: 15029: 15027: 15025: 15021: 15018: 15014: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14980: 14978: 14976: 14975:Zaydi Shi'ism 14972: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14944: 14941: 14940: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14910: 14908: 14906: 14902: 14894: 14891: 14890: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14806:Musa al-Kazim 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14791:Ali al-Sajjad 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14781:Hasan ibn Ali 14779: 14777: 14774: 14773: 14772: 14769: 14768: 14766: 14764: 14760: 14752:Post-Salafism 14751: 14750: 14749: 14746: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14734: 14730: 14727: 14726: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14691: 14688: 14687: 14686: 14683: 14679: 14676: 14675: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14644: 14641: 14639: 14636: 14632: 14629: 14628: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14616:Ibn Taymiyyah 14614: 14613: 14611: 14609: 14605: 14597:Mustadrakīyya 14596: 14593: 14590: 14587: 14586: 14584: 14583: 14581: 14579: 14575: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14555:Amr ibn Ubayd 14553: 14551: 14548: 14544: 14541: 14540: 14539: 14536: 14533: 14530: 14527: 14524: 14521: 14518: 14515: 14512: 14509: 14506: 14503: 14500: 14497: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14486: 14482: 14475: 14471: 14467: 14463: 14459: 14458: 14456: 14454: 14450: 14443: 14439: 14436: 14432: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14420: 14418: 14414: 14410: 14407: 14403: 14400: 14399: 14397: 14395: 14391: 14380: 14379: 14378: 14375: 14374: 14373: 14370: 14366: 14363: 14362: 14361: 14358: 14357: 14355: 14353: 14349: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14174: 14170: 14163: 14159: 14156: 14153: 14149: 14146: 14143: 14139: 14136: 14135: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14124: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13879: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13866: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13840: 13838: 13834: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13812: 13810: 13806: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13781: 13779: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13764: 13762: 13759: 13757: 13754: 13753: 13751: 13749: 13745: 13742: 13738: 13734: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13718: 13717: 13713: 13709: 13705: 13698: 13693: 13691: 13686: 13684: 13679: 13678: 13675: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13653:United States 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13529: 13526: 13524: 13521: 13519: 13516: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13408: 13399: 13394: 13392: 13387: 13385: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13347: 13335: 13331: 13326: 13314: 13310: 13306: 13302: 13301:www.iis.ac.uk 13298: 13293: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13265: 13261: 13260: 13249: 13245: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13221: 13217: 13212: 13208: 13204: 13200: 13195: 13192: 13188: 13182: 13178: 13173: 13169: 13163: 13159: 13154: 13150: 13144: 13139: 13138: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13118: 13114: 13110: 13109:Hamid Dabashi 13106: 13102: 13098: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13083: 13078: 13074: 13070: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13055:Momen, Moojan 13052: 13048: 13042: 13038: 13033: 13029: 13023: 13019: 13014: 13010: 13004: 13000: 12995: 12991: 12985: 12981: 12977: 12973: 12969: 12963: 12959: 12958: 12953: 12949: 12948: 12943: 12937: 12933: 12928: 12927: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12897: 12892: 12888: 12882: 12878: 12877:Shiʻite Islam 12873: 12869: 12863: 12859: 12858:Shiʻite Islam 12855: 12851: 12847: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12825: 12821: 12815: 12811: 12807: 12803: 12799: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12777: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12755: 12751: 12745: 12741: 12736: 12732: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12716: 12715:Corbin, Henry 12712: 12708: 12702: 12699:. MacMillan. 12698: 12694: 12689: 12677: 12676: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12657: 12653: 12649: 12645: 12644: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12613: 12609: 12605: 12596: 12592: 12591: 12583: 12575: 12571: 12567: 12563: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12531: 12530: 12525: 12518: 12499: 12495: 12488: 12482: 12466: 12462: 12456: 12440: 12436: 12429: 12413: 12409: 12408: 12403: 12396: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12374: 12367: 12363: 12362: 12357: 12351: 12345: 12344:0-8160-6577-2 12341: 12337: 12331: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12310: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12276: 12272: 12266: 12250: 12246: 12240: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12209: 12201: 12195: 12191: 12190: 12182: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12140: 12133: 12131: 12122: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12091: 12086: 12079: 12077: 12068: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12021: 12019: 12017: 12008: 12004: 12000: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11953: 11951: 11949: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11926: 11918: 11914: 11910: 11904: 11888: 11884: 11878: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11849:The Islamists 11846: 11839: 11837: 11835: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11779: 11777: 11761:on 2 May 2006 11760: 11756: 11750: 11743: 11737: 11729: 11725: 11718: 11710: 11704: 11700: 11693: 11686: 11680: 11673: 11667: 11659: 11655: 11651: 11645: 11637: 11633: 11627: 11619: 11613: 11609: 11608: 11600: 11592: 11586: 11582: 11577: 11576: 11567: 11559: 11555: 11551: 11545: 11537: 11536: 11528: 11520: 11513: 11505: 11501: 11495: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11465: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11440:"About Yemen" 11435: 11427: 11421: 11417: 11410: 11403: 11399: 11393: 11389: 11382: 11366: 11362: 11356: 11349: 11345: 11339: 11335: 11328: 11320: 11314: 11310: 11303: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11208: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11156: 11152: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11094: 11087: 11079: 11073: 11069: 11062: 11046: 11042: 11036: 11020: 11016: 11010: 11003: 10997: 10981: 10977: 10971: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10935: 10931: 10924: 10917: 10912: 10896: 10892: 10888: 10882: 10875: 10870: 10864:, p. 64. 10863: 10858: 10850: 10844: 10840: 10834: 10825: 10817: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10798: 10796: 10787: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10745: 10738: 10732: 10725: 10721: 10715: 10709:, p. 237 10708: 10703: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10675: 10670: 10661: 10653: 10647: 10643: 10642: 10634: 10618: 10614: 10608: 10604: 10603: 10598: 10591: 10583: 10576: 10569: 10563: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10537: 10530: 10522: 10515: 10513: 10504: 10498: 10490: 10483: 10475: 10469: 10465: 10464: 10456: 10454: 10445: 10438: 10430: 10423: 10415: 10414: 10409: 10403: 10387: 10383: 10382: 10374: 10366: 10360: 10356: 10355: 10347: 10331: 10327: 10321: 10317: 10316: 10308: 10300: 10294: 10290: 10289: 10281: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10258: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10228: 10227: 10223:Leonard Leo. 10219: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10193: 10177: 10173: 10166: 10150: 10146: 10139: 10132: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10110: 10105: 10104:"Afghanistan" 10099: 10092: 10091: 10075: 10071: 10064: 10058: 10051: 10050: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10024: 10016: 10010: 10002: 9996: 9993:. Routledge. 9992: 9991: 9983: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9959: 9953: 9945: 9944: 9939: 9933: 9917: 9913: 9907: 9899: 9893: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9857: 9841: 9837: 9831: 9829: 9822:, p. 277 9821: 9816: 9797: 9793: 9786: 9785: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9765: 9757: 9745: 9741: 9740: 9735: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9703: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9675: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9654: 9649: 9643: 9636: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9601: 9595: 9588: 9583: 9577:, p. 123 9576: 9571: 9564: 9558: 9542: 9538: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9519: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9485: 9481: 9480:Facts On File 9477: 9473: 9469: 9462: 9460: 9452: 9447: 9441: 9437: 9430: 9423: 9419: 9413: 9409: 9405: 9404: 9396: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9364: 9356: 9350: 9346: 9339: 9331: 9327: 9326: 9322:Ansari, N.H. 9318: 9302: 9298: 9292: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9262: 9254: 9248: 9245:. Macmillan. 9244: 9237: 9235: 9225: 9216: 9208: 9201: 9195:, p. 174 9194: 9189: 9187: 9177: 9175: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9144: 9142: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9114: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9085: 9080: 9076: 9075: 9067: 9058: 9050: 9048: 9039: 9031: 9030:تهذیب التهذیب 9025: 9017: 9013: 9007: 9000: 8999:0-85229-663-0 8996: 8990: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8934: 8926: 8922: 8916: 8912: 8911: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8869: 8867: 8850: 8846: 8840: 8833: 8829: 8823: 8807: 8806: 8798: 8792: 8788: 8782: 8775: 8769: 8760: 8751: 8742: 8733: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8688: 8683: 8675: 8673: 8664: 8658: 8654: 8647: 8645: 8629: 8625: 8618: 8616: 8607: 8603: 8597: 8593: 8592: 8584: 8576: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8557: 8549: 8543: 8536: 8523: 8519: 8515: 8508: 8500: 8494: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8455: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8421: 8415: 8411: 8410: 8402: 8394: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8375: 8367: 8363: 8357: 8349: 8342: 8334: 8328: 8324: 8323:Kitab al-Kafi 8317: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8303: 8302:Shiʻite Islam 8298: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8261: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8236: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8202: 8193: 8187:, p. 155 8186: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8139: 8132: 8126: 8118: 8112: 8108: 8107: 8099: 8097: 8080: 8076: 8070: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8037: 8033: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8015: 8014:0-87779-044-2 8011: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7982: 7978: 7971: 7969: 7961: 7956: 7940: 7936: 7930: 7914: 7910: 7904: 7896: 7890: 7886: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7867: 7860:, p. 218 7859: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7828: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7783:disappearance 7780: 7779:Islamic texts 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7689:(3). Oxford: 7688: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7659: 7651: 7646: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7620: 7616: 7608: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7576: 7568: 7561: 7553: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7534: 7527: 7526:0-85229-663-0 7523: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7502: 7496: 7492: 7485: 7477: 7471: 7467: 7460: 7456: 7441: 7435: 7431: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7384:Shia crescent 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7299: 7293: 7288: 7285: 7274: 7271: 7265: 7260: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7234:Islamic State 7230: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7158: 7155: 7152:In 1514, the 7150: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7087:Musa al-Kazim 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7067: 7061: 7057: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6960:Arab Cold War 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6918: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6871: 6867: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6824:Jurisprudence 6821: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6800: 6795: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6772:Zayd ibn ʿAlī 6763: 6761: 6757: 6756:Zaydī Wāsiṭīs 6753: 6749: 6748:Zayd ibn ʿAlī 6745: 6744:Zaydī Shīʿism 6741: 6737: 6730: 6726: 6721: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6697: 6689: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6672:Dawudi Bohras 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6650:Queen consort 6647: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6625: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6582: 6579: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6547:seven pillars 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6508:Dawudi Bohras 6505: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6456: 6452: 6449:, began with 6448: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6381:. The proof ( 6380: 6375: 6374:Mongol period 6371: 6367: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6350: 6340: 6338: 6337:North America 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6259:Dawudi Bohras 6256: 6252: 6248: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6165: 6164:Mūsā al-Kāẓim 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6136: 6128: 6122: 6121:of the time. 6120: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6068:Islamic state 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6028: 6026: 6025: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6013: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5968: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5835: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5798: 5792: 5785:Jurisprudence 5782: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5767:divine decree 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5691:Kitab al-Kafi 5688: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5444: 5429: 5428:Islam in Oman 5426: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5413: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5324:United States 5320: 5315: 5314: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5284: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5143: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5009:Alawites Shia 4995: 4992: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4940: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4804: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4720:Islam in Iran 4718: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4679: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4628: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4508: 4502: 4486: 4472: 4467: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4397: 4392: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4372: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4268: 4264: 4263:Ottoman Turks 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105:Islamic Cairo 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4068:at its peak ( 4067: 4062: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3999:Mongol Empire 3996: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3870:Second Coming 3867: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3767:divine wisdom 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3731:Taʿrikh Kabir 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3670:Musa al-Kazim 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3640:divine decree 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3610: 3609:Islamic Cairo 3607:gate wall in 3606: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3544:Day of Ashura 3541: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3523: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3491: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3372:Hasan ibn Ali 3363: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2835:, brother of 2834: 2830: 2829:Day of Ashura 2826: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2716: 2714: 2711:According to 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2656:Kitab al-Kafi 2652: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2623: 2620:Holy Relics ( 2617: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2568: 2566: 2565:Sunnī Muslims 2562: 2561: 2556: 2552: 2551:Dawoodi Bohra 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2514:and to apply 2513: 2512:Islamic state 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2485: 2482:according to 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2427:Occultation ( 2424: 2421: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2379: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2350: 2345: 2339: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2304:According to 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2267:infallibility 2262: 2256: 2250: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2224: 2218: 2214: 2205: 2201: 2200: 2193: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2132: 2123: 2119: 2113: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2013:Eid Al Ghadir 2009: 2003: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1887: 1884: 1876: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1662: 1658: 1652: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1491:Shia subsects 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1418:and consider 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1398: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1292: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1091:Proselytizing 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999:Denominations 997: 993: 990: 989: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 946: 942: 937: 936: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 887: 883: 882: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 867: 862: 861: 854: 852: 848: 846: 844: 840: 839: 835: 832: 830: 828: 824: 822: 820: 816: 814: 812: 808: 807: 803: 802: 797: 796: 791: 790: 786: 784: 783: 779: 778: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 759: 758: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 737: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 722: 717: 716: 709: 706: 705: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 678: 674: 671: 670: 667: 662: 661: 657: 653: 652: 649: 646: 645: 641: 637: 636: 626: 621: 619: 614: 612: 607: 606: 604: 603: 600: 595: 590: 589: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 492: 491: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 457: 452: 451: 444: 441: 437: 434: 432: 429: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 379: 376: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 345: 342: 341: 340: 339:Dawoodi Bohra 337: 336: 335: 332: 331: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 279: 278: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 219: 214: 213: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 195:Eid al-Ghadir 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 159: 158: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 69: 68: 64: 60: 59: 55: 47: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 23078:Turkmenistan 23038:Saudi Arabia 22783:South Africa 22773:Sierra Leone 22578:Burkina Faso 22487:Names of God 22434:Unaffiliated 22389:Antireligion 22250:Universalism 22198:Assimilation 22063:Anthropology 21938:Supernatural 21933:Spirituality 21901:Sacred space 21889:Purification 21762:Denomination 21716: / 21524:Paleo-Balkan 21490:Mesopotamian 21330:Cook Islands 21301:Old Prussian 21214:UFO religion 21153: 21149:Zalmoxianism 21077:Neoshamanism 20934:Spiritualism 20817:Other ethnic 20706: 20532:Traditional 20492:Bongthingism 20390:Acoma Pueblo 20333:Mesoamerican 20057:Austronesian 19878: 19874:Neo-Buddhism 19806: 19802:Neo-Hinduism 19723:Swaminarayan 19561: 19510:Salvationist 19495:Confucianism 19346:Samaritanism 19316:Ali-Illahism 19297: 19223: 19164: 19158:Unitarianism 19099:Old Catholic 18906:Nestorianism 18864:Christianity 18851: 18817:Conservative 18608:Islamophobia 18483:Christianity 18431: 18364:Contemporary 18258:Architecture 18197: 18163: 18151: 18139: 18097: 18090: 18056: 18038: 18033:Nikah mut'ah 18031: 18024: 18017: 18010: 18003: 17996: 17960: 17948: 17941: 17934: 17927: 17907: 17900: 17893: 17886: 17799: 17634: 17580: 17504: 17486: 17479: 17423: 17416: 17409: 17402: 17395: 17388:Five Pillars 17365: 17331: 17320:God in Islam 17297: 17144:Other orders 17049: / 17042:Nur movement 17013: / 16970:Mirza Ghulam 16901:Tolu-e-Islam 16770:Galibi Order 16768: / 16748:Balım Sultan 16743:Babai revolt 16734:Qalandariyya 16732: / 16634:Mufaḍḍaliyya 16543:Jawārībīyya 16496:Umar ibn Zar 16465:Other Murjīs 16194:Bayhasīyyah 16111:Nuqta-yi Ula 15927:Pir Sadardin 15920: / 15834: / 15830: / 15747: / 15739: / 15726: / 15706: / 15702: / 15698: / 15555:Zayd ibn Ali 15537: 15505: / 15492: / 15443:Ilm al-Kalam 15356: / 15349:Ahl-i Hadith 15217:Umm al-kitab 15215: 15204: 15193: 15186: 15168: 15163: 15156: 15149: 15142: 15135: 15115: 15108: 15103:Fihi Ma Fihi 15101: 15094: 15087: 15080: 15073: 15066: 15059: 15052: 15045: 15038: 15031: 14771:Twelve Imams 14690:Ahl-i Hadith 14621:Ibnul Qayyim 14501:(Nazzāmīyya) 13982:Ibn al-Jawzi 13922:Al-Taftazani 13897:Al-Baqillani 13613:South Africa 13598:Sierra Leone 13588:Saudi Arabia 13473:Burkina Faso 13363:. Retrieved 13338:. Retrieved 13334:Al-Islam.org 13333: 13317:. Retrieved 13313:the original 13300: 13284:. Retrieved 13280:the original 13267: 13223: 13219: 13206: 13202: 13176: 13157: 13136: 13112: 13081: 13058: 13036: 13017: 12998: 12979: 12956: 12931: 12895: 12876: 12857: 12835: 12809: 12787: 12784:Lapidus, Ira 12765: 12739: 12719: 12696: 12692: 12682:11 September 12680:. Retrieved 12674: 12651: 12624: 12611: 12607: 12589: 12582: 12533: 12527: 12517: 12505:. Retrieved 12493: 12481: 12469:. Retrieved 12455: 12443:. Retrieved 12441:. London, UK 12439:The Guardian 12438: 12428: 12416:. Retrieved 12405: 12395: 12387:the original 12373: 12359: 12355: 12350: 12335: 12330: 12314: 12309: 12297:. Retrieved 12293:the original 12283: 12275:the original 12265: 12253:. Retrieved 12249:the original 12239: 12227:. Retrieved 12218: 12208: 12188: 12181: 12171:13 September 12169:. Retrieved 12149: 12145: 12094: 12088: 12040: 12036: 12030: 11966: 11934: 11925: 11912: 11903: 11891:. Retrieved 11877: 11865:. Retrieved 11848: 11790: 11763:. Retrieved 11759:the original 11749: 11741: 11736: 11727: 11717: 11698: 11692: 11684: 11679: 11671: 11666: 11653: 11644: 11626: 11606: 11599: 11574: 11566: 11554:hespress.com 11553: 11544: 11534: 11527: 11518: 11512: 11504:the original 11494: 11482:. Retrieved 11473: 11464: 11452:. Retrieved 11448:the original 11443: 11434: 11415: 11409: 11401: 11387: 11381: 11369:. Retrieved 11365:Arab America 11364: 11355: 11347: 11333: 11327: 11308: 11302: 11290:. Retrieved 11276: 11223: 11217: 11213: 11207: 11158: 11100: 11096: 11086: 11067: 11061: 11049:. Retrieved 11035: 11023:. Retrieved 11019:the original 11009: 11001: 11000:Nasr, Vali, 10996: 10984:. Retrieved 10970: 10937: 10933: 10923: 10911: 10899:. Retrieved 10895:the original 10890: 10881: 10869: 10862:Khalaji 2009 10857: 10838: 10833: 10824: 10804: 10781: 10772: 10755: 10731: 10714: 10707:Cornell 2007 10702: 10686: 10681: 10673: 10669: 10660: 10640: 10633: 10621:. Retrieved 10601: 10590: 10575: 10567: 10562: 10544: 10529: 10497: 10482: 10462: 10437: 10422: 10411: 10402: 10390:. Retrieved 10380: 10373: 10353: 10346: 10334:. Retrieved 10314: 10307: 10287: 10280: 10267: 10257: 10245:. Retrieved 10225: 10218: 10210: 10202: 10192: 10180:. Retrieved 10175: 10165: 10153:. Retrieved 10138: 10130: 10123:. Retrieved 10119:the original 10107: 10098: 10089: 10088: 10081:. Retrieved 10074:the original 10057: 10048: 10047: 10040:. Retrieved 10021: 10009: 9989: 9982: 9964: 9952: 9941: 9932: 9920:. Retrieved 9906: 9883: 9878: 9865: 9856: 9844:. Retrieved 9815: 9803:. Retrieved 9796:the original 9783: 9755: 9748:. Retrieved 9737: 9701: 9694:. Retrieved 9690: 9681: 9673: 9666:. Retrieved 9662:the original 9651: 9642: 9634: 9627:. Retrieved 9594: 9582: 9570: 9562: 9557: 9545:. Retrieved 9525: 9518: 9506:. Retrieved 9471: 9449: 9435: 9429: 9421: 9402: 9395: 9387: 9373: 9363: 9344: 9338: 9330:the original 9324: 9317: 9305:. Retrieved 9301:the original 9291: 9279:. Retrieved 9275:the original 9270: 9261: 9242: 9224: 9215: 9206: 9200: 9161:. Retrieved 9157:the original 9152: 9123: 9120:Ahl al-BMatt 9119: 9113: 9101:Al-Islam.org 9100: 9091: 9082: 9079:the original 9073: 9066: 9057: 9044: 9038: 9029: 9024: 9006: 8989: 8977:. Retrieved 8972: 8963: 8951:. Retrieved 8942: 8933: 8909: 8902: 8885: 8882:Ghadīr Khumm 8881: 8853:. Retrieved 8849:the original 8839: 8822: 8810:. Retrieved 8804: 8797: 8781: 8773: 8768: 8759: 8750: 8741: 8732: 8720:. Retrieved 8711: 8702: 8691:, retrieved 8686: 8652: 8632:, retrieved 8627: 8606:the original 8590: 8583: 8563: 8556: 8533: 8526:. Retrieved 8517: 8507: 8493: 8481:. Retrieved 8464: 8454: 8442:. Retrieved 8428: 8408: 8401: 8381: 8374: 8356: 8347: 8341: 8322: 8301: 8297: 8276: 8264:. Retrieved 8250: 8233: 8228: 8220:the original 8210: 8201: 8192: 8180: 8168: 8156:. Retrieved 8147: 8138: 8130: 8125: 8105: 8083:. Retrieved 8078: 8069: 8057:. Retrieved 8043: 7985:. Retrieved 7962:, p. 15 7955: 7943:. Retrieved 7929: 7917:. Retrieved 7903: 7884: 7858:Cornell 2007 7853: 7826: 7820: 7815:, p. 98 7808: 7803:, p. 97 7796: 7748: 7686: 7680: 7652:, p. 34 7645: 7633:. Retrieved 7624: 7618: 7614: 7607: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7565:Wehr, Hans. 7560: 7540: 7533: 7490: 7484: 7465: 7459: 7434: 7399:Shia nations 7312:Anti-Shi'ism 7284:Islam portal 7231: 7212: 7198:(1727–1818) 7151: 7127: 7104: 7075:Shāh Cherāgh 7022: 6998: 6994: 6984: 6980:Saudi Arabia 6955: 6921: 6878:) were Arab 6863: 6853: 6842:مجموع الفِقه 6834:Majmu'l Fiqh 6833: 6827: 6803: 6796: 6779: 6769: 6755: 6751: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6687: 6680:Alavi Bohras 6667: 6653: 6635: 6633: 6621: 6599:(Pilgrimage) 6545: 6543: 6531: 6527: 6516:Alavi Bohras 6493: 6487:, where the 6466: 6455:monotheistic 6436: 6429: 6425: 6399: 6388: 6387:) and gate ( 6382: 6369: 6352: 6313:South Africa 6285:Saudi Arabia 6262: 6250: 6244: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6143: 6138: 6126: 6116: 6115:, the Usuli 6106:Persian king 6098:Qajar Empire 6083: 6034: 6022: 6016: 6010: 6004: 6000: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5934: 5926: 5914: 5906: 5898: 5891: 5889: 5881: 5873: 5865: 5857: 5849: 5842: 5836: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5770: 5758: 5744: 5700: 5689: 5677: 5657:Besides the 5656: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5603: 5596: 5590: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5505: 5471: 5210: 5205: 5055:Saudi Arabia 4976:minorities. 4928: 4923: 4794: 4789: 4729: 4724: 4675: 4669: 4652:South Africa 4629: 4613:West Sumatra 4610: 4576:Saudi Arabia 4574: 4555: 4531:Muslim world 4528: 4513: 4460:Demographics 4382: 4376: 4370: 4365: 4359: 4344: 4338: 4305: 4287:Muslim world 4272: 4180:and then of 4178:North Africa 4121:North Africa 4028:Christianity 4019:Central Asia 4003:Genghis Khan 3905: 3881: 3855: 3850:Genghis Khan 3786: 3778: 3770: 3764: 3742: 3737:report that 3735:Kanzuʿl-Umma 3734: 3730: 3727:Abu Hurairah 3722: 3718: 3689: 3687: 3643: 3617: 3604: 3581: 3567: 3551: 3535: 3529: 3519: 3476: 3467: 3453: 3429: 3414: 3357: 3325: 3303: 3281: 3263: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3243:Ghadir Khumm 3240: 3221: 3208:Ghadir Khumm 3167: 3165: 3147: 3125: 3123: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3079:Anti-Shi'ism 3074: 3057:Most of the 3056: 3036:Sahla Mosque 2973: 2927: 2809: 2791: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2748:Muslims pray 2745: 2710: 2695: 2692:Ali al-Ridha 2679: 2677: 2661: 2654: 2640: 2635:, including 2627: 2621: 2607: 2577: 2574: 2558: 2532: 2524:Zaydī Shīʿas 2516:Islamic laws 2489: 2428: 2322: 2303: 2298: 2295:Zaydī Shīʿas 2274: 2273:, possessed 2235: 2234: 2222: 2197: 2176: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2136: 2126:علي ولي الله 2117: 2098: 2094: 2076: 2074: 2062: 2058:علي ولي الله 2052: 2024: 1974: 1956: 1955:over ʿAlī's 1922:Muslim world 1908: 1904: 1894: 1879: 1873:October 2022 1870: 1863:Please help 1859: 1848: 1777: 1761: 1745: 1706: 1702: 1660: 1656: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1586: 1564: 1511:Muslim world 1488: 1442: 1436: 1431: 1290: 1289: 1208:Islamophobia 1008: 987:Demographics 982:Circumcision 898: 891: 884: 850: 842: 826: 818: 810: 799: 793: 787: 780: 526:Umm al-Banin 255:Second Fitna 135:Intercession 125:Judgment Day 53: 36: 23529:New Zealand 23466:Saint Lucia 23416:El Salvador 23321:Switzerland 23256:Netherlands 23028:Philippines 22956:South Korea 22951:North Korea 22841:Afghanistan 22788:South Sudan 22678:Ivory Coast 22462:Deification 22409:Objectivism 22384:Agnosticism 22342:Persecution 22332:Video games 22297:Populations 22208:Proselytism 22176:Monasticism 22167:Clericalism 22157:Agriculture 22148:and society 22113:Soteriology 22073:Comparative 22043:Transtheism 22028:Panentheism 21812:Monasticism 21605:Gallo-Roman 21507:Micronesian 21473:Manichaeism 21421:Hermeticism 21389:Continental 21384:Anglo-Saxon 21264:Paleolithic 21259:Prehistoric 21209:Scientology 21072:Italo-Roman 20927:Radha Soami 20907:New Thought 20747:Espiritismo 20688:Waaqeffanna 20628:Fon and Ewe 20566:Sub-Saharan 20449:Satsana Phi 20245:Ghost Dance 20203:Californian 20181:Anishinaabe 20107:Karo Pemena 20086:Indonesian 19760:Lingayatism 19708:Mahanubhava 19678:Vaishnavism 19609:Jeungsanism 19532:Folk Taoism 19515:Xiantiandao 19369:Zoroastrian 19028:Charismatic 19023:Pentecostal 18986:Anglicanism 18937:Waldensians 18872:Catholicism 18383:Other areas 18374:Theological 18369:Eschatology 18326:Mathematics 18263:Calligraphy 18193:Theological 18147:Inheritance 18064:Cleanliness 17494:Shi'a Imams 17488:Ahl al-Bayt 17095:Rashid Rida 16943:Independent 16928:Edip Yüksel 16891:Ahle Qur'an 16842:Nazzāmīyya 16839:Ikhshīdiyya 16826:Huzaylīyya 16817:Bahshamiyya 16793:Mā’marīyya 16785:Rationalism 16730:Malamatiyya 16650:Mānsūrīyya 16596:Khaṭṭābiyya 16527:Mu'shabbiha 16487:Sābit Kutna 16420:Sawbānīyya 16404:Gassānīyya 16388:Gaylānīyya 16382:Other sects 16177:Sa'labīyyah 16174:Maymunīyyah 16151:Arbitration 16033:Khurramites 15997:Sam‘ānīyya 15770:Bābā Rexheb 15700:Shah Ismail 15520:Millî Görüş 15438:Ahl ar-Ra'y 15380:Al-Uthaymin 15301:Kullabiyya 15279:Sunni Islam 15180:Independent 15024:Sunni books 14848:Shaykh Tusi 14821:Ali al-Hadi 14811:Ali al-Rida 14748:Yasir Qadhi 14653:Al-Uthaymin 14643:Rashid Rida 14638:Al-Shawkani 14534:(Jāhizīyya) 14519:(Jubbāīyya) 14423:Jawālikīyya 14277:Ali al-Qari 14192:Al-Sarakhsi 14178:Al-Maturidi 14052:Al-Sha'rani 14032:Ibn Khaldun 13907:Al-Qushayri 13869:Theologians 13850:Metaphysics 13756:Eschatology 13723:Theologians 13563:Netherlands 13523:Ivory Coast 13493:El Salvador 13413:Afghanistan 12976:Halm, Heinz 12758:Holt, P. M. 12614:(3): 75–96. 12557:10871/37355 12540:: 706–734. 12445:24 December 12361:Gharbzadegi 12105:: 305–335. 10916:Bohdan 2020 10874:Bohdan 2020 10042:1 September 10025:on Pakistan 9922:17 November 9648:"Religions" 9629:10 December 9547:10 February 8812:28 December 8528:12 November 7765:. ʿAlī and 7697:: 599–623. 7379:Shia clergy 7242:territories 7115:persecution 7056:Anti-Shiism 6999:Ansar Allah 6970:schools of 6880:Zaydī Shias 6731:(1644–1676) 6668:Dawr-e-Satr 6629:Aga Khan IV 6528:Dawr-e-Satr 6481:Al-Musta‘lī 6437:In 909 CE, 6333:New Zealand 6305:Afghanistan 6261:, led by a 6235:Aga Khan IV 6213:Ahl al-Bayt 6072:Occultation 6044:تشیع اخوانی 5997:Islamic law 5977:Occultation 5892:Furu ad-Din 5843:Usul ad-Din 5797:Shia clergy 5779:Occultation 5663:sacred text 5625:Prophethood 5597:Usul ad-Din 5579:(65%), and 5533:Shia Muslim 5132:~1,500,000 4950:Afghanistan 4758:25,272,000 4602:Zaydī Shias 4570:Afghanistan 4551:Middle East 4429:Middle East 4255:Ṣūfī Muslim 4243:Middle East 4127:, parts of 4073: 1100 3723:Ahl al-Bayt 3719:Ahl al-Bayt 3691:Ahl al-Bayt 3605:Bab al-Nasr 3591:during the 3582:Bab al-Nasr 3552:Ahl al-Bayt 3536:Ahl al-Bayt 3318:First Fitna 3290:(644–656). 3232:First Fitna 3212:MS Arab 161 3194:First Fitna 2964:Ali al-Rida 2929:Ahl al-Bayt 2904:Mid-Sha'ban 2806:Eid al-Adha 2797:Eid ul-Fitr 2642:Ahl al-Bayt 2609:Ahl al-Bayt 2492:Occultation 2401:perfect man 1910:Ahl al-Bayt 1867:if you can. 1574:Shīʿat ʿAlī 1561:Terminology 1444:Ahl al-Bayt 1412:Sunni Islam 1331:designated 1223:Laws of war 886:Ahl al-Bayt 771:Foundations 456:Ahl al-Kisa 371:Qutbi Bohra 366:Alavi Bohra 344:Progressive 270:Persecution 250:First Fitna 205:Omar Koshan 190:Eid al-Adha 185:Eid al-Fitr 88:Prophethood 23694:Shia Islam 23519:Micronesia 23396:Costa Rica 23291:San Marino 23251:Montenegro 23231:Luxembourg 23088:Uzbekistan 23063:Tajikistan 22968:Kyrgyzstan 22941:Kazakhstan 22891:East Timor 22861:Bangladesh 22851:Azerbaijan 22768:Seychelles 22733:Mozambique 22718:Mauritania 22703:Madagascar 22593:Cape Verde 22375:irreligion 22370:Secularism 22277:Minorities 22245:Toleration 22240:Syncretism 22225:Fanaticism 22215:Disability 22203:Missionary 22193:Conversion 22181:Ordination 22103:Psychology 22098:Philosophy 22038:Polytheism 22018:Monotheism 22013:Henotheism 21854:Orthopraxy 21844:Ordination 21807:Meditation 21802:Indigenous 21767:Entheogens 21752:Conversion 21578:Pueblo III 21495:Babylonian 21485:Melanesian 21411:Gnosticism 21296:Lithuanian 21189:Fourth Way 21043:Circassian 21021:Dievturība 20944:Tensegrity 20877:Falun Gong 20522:Sanamahism 20502:Donyi-Polo 20129:Polynesian 20075:Kaharingan 20000:Burkhanism 19939:Ravidassia 19917:Śvetāmbara 19703:Pushtimarg 19683:Krishnaism 19619:Vietnamese 19604:Cheondoism 19537:Yao Taoism 19473:East Asian 19239:Isma'ilism 19195:Maturidism 18974:Mennonites 18969:Hutterites 18954:Anabaptism 18847:Humanistic 18538:Ex-Muslims 18433:Shu'ubiyya 18427:Psychology 18415:Literature 18405:Inventions 18351:Philosophy 18159:Leadership 18135:Honorifics 17790:Philosophy 17645:Isma'ilism 17610:Maturidism 17499:Caliphates 17470:Golden Age 17361:Revelation 17139:Süleymancı 17047:Said Nursî 17006:Mahdavīyya 16957:Messianism 16861:Sumamīyya 16851:Hābītīyya 16739:Baba Ishak 16681:Saba'īyya 16668:Mukhāmmīsa 16659:Mughīrīyya 16646:Ghurābīyya 16608:Bāzīghiyya 16576:Bārāq Bābā 16555:Hulmānīyya 16452:Ziyādīyya 16444:Ubaydīyya 16436:Shamrīyya 16428:Sālehīyya 16412:Tūmanīyya 16396:Yūnusīyya 16357:Sauwāqīyya 16333:Hakāiqīyya 16317:Karrāmīyya 16307:Hanafiyyah 16161:Kharijites 16099:Nuktawiyya 16050:al-Muqanna 16028:Muḥammirah 16016:Abu Muslim 16012:Rezāmīyya 15987:Hārithīyya 15979:Janāhiyya 15969:Hashimiyya 15943:Kaysanites 15890:Badakhshan 15823:Qarmatians 15810:Batiniyyah 15790:Isma'ilism 15761:Demir Bābā 15756:Baktāshism 15749:Bektashism 15728:ibn Nusayr 15724:al-Khaṣībī 15708:Kul Nesîmî 15704:Pir Sultan 15609:Khalafiyya 15604:Dukayniyya 15538:Shia Islam 15480:Maturidism 15402:Madkhalism 15305:Ibn Kullab 15128:Shia books 14678:Madkhalism 14578:Najjārīyya 14468:al-Qībtī ( 14442:Karramiyya 14438:Ibn Karram 14394:Mu'jassimā 14282:Al-Maydani 14272:Ali Qushji 14197:Al-Bazdawi 14173:Maturidism 14158:Al-Shafi'i 14027:Al-Baydawi 13987:Qadi Ayyad 13962:Ibn Tumart 13917:Al-Ghazali 13902:Al-Juwayni 13892:Al-Bayhaqi 13883:al-Ash'ari 13855:Philosophy 13776:Philosophy 13658:Uzbekistan 13628:Tajikistan 13443:Bangladesh 13433:Azerbaijan 12487:"Malaysia" 12221:. London. 11913:Yahoo News 11893:7 February 10940:(3): 437. 10891:ایرنا پلاس 10623:13 October 10408:"Pakistan" 10247:24 October 9846:27 January 9820:Momen 1985 9696:18 January 9587:Momen 1985 9575:Momen 1985 9498:2008020716 9193:Momen 1985 8483:24 October 8185:Momen 1985 8148:Britannica 7987:22 January 7960:Momen 1985 7737:sc76000837 7421:References 7223:Tariq Aziz 7180:Christians 7036:group and 6930:rulers of 6902:(northern 6900:Tabaristan 6705:Gold dinar 6609:(Struggle) 6418:Qarmatians 6301:Tajikistan 6297:Uzbekistan 6223:) to God. 6199:) and the 6193:divine law 6135:Isma'ilism 6125:Ismāʿīlī ( 5911:(fasting); 5807:. In this 5755:divine law 5747:infallible 5633:Leadership 5605:Monotheism 5569:Azerbaijan 5230:Tajikistan 5064:2,000,000 5033:2,100,000 4998:2,400,000 4959:3,000,000 4914:Azerbaijan 4899:Alevi Shia 4864:Zaydi Shia 4547:Azerbaijan 4524:South Asia 4341:literature 4253:, and the 3985:Persianate 3929:Qarmatians 3507:Left: the 2966:, the 8th 2937:Holy sites 2688:Israelites 2035:Kalema at 1739:and other 1545:, and the 1523:Azerbaijan 1359:) and the 1291:Shia Islam 1076:Philosophy 813:(exegesis) 750:Pilgrimage 740:Almsgiving 511:Umm Salama 495:Holy women 83:Holy Books 78:Monotheism 54:Shia Islam 23637:Venezuela 23582:Argentina 23499:Australia 23451:Nicaragua 23426:Guatemala 23226:Lithuania 23048:Sri Lanka 23043:Singapore 23023:Palestine 22911:Indonesia 22901:Hong Kong 22723:Mauritius 22444:Overviews 22399:Criticism 22347:Terrorism 22322:Theocracy 22267:Happiness 22235:Pluralism 22220:Education 22146:Religion 22118:Salvation 22108:Sociology 22053:Religious 22033:Pantheism 22023:Nontheism 21916:Mountains 21894:Sacrifice 21849:Orthodoxy 21839:Mythology 21834:Mysticism 21723:Behaviour 21632:Canaanite 21615:Mithraism 21583:Pueblo IV 21573:Pueblo II 21478:Mazdakism 21453:Hungarian 21426:Mysteries 21335:Dravidian 21117:Hungarian 21033:Caucasian 21004:Godianism 20964:Agni Yoga 20954:Theosophy 20917:Rastafari 20892:Modekngei 20872:Brahmoism 20865:Syncretic 20857:movements 20855:religious 20767:Quimbanda 20715:Candomblé 20708:Diasporic 20487:Bathouism 20477:Benzhuism 20402:Tsimshian 20353:Purépecha 20274:Longhouse 20249:Sun Dance 20198:Blackfoot 20112:Malaysian 20102:Kapitayan 19912:Digambara 19897:Ayyavazhi 19862:Vajrayana 19827:Theravada 19740:Ganapatya 19713:Ramanandi 19642:Hoahaoism 19520:Yiguandao 19415:Yarsanism 19410:Shabakism 19397:Yazdânism 19387:Zurvanism 19382:Mazdaznan 19341:Rastafari 19336:Mandaeism 19210:Wahhabism 19190:Ash'arism 19153:Tolstoyan 19143:Spiritual 19133:Mormonism 19104:Judaizers 19077:Quakerism 19055:Methodist 19045:Irvingism 18996:Calvinism 18949:Adventism 18932:Moravians 18769:Abrahamic 18655:Symbolism 18613:Incidents 18591:Criticism 18488:Mormonism 18390:Astrology 18316:Cosmology 18311:Astronomy 18253:Arabesque 18120:Etiquette 18079:Blasphemy 17869:Economics 17684:Ahmadiyya 17618:Mu'tazili 17606:Ash'arism 17067:Modernism 16999:Sabbatean 16987:Kabbalist 16965:Ahmadiyya 16896:Kala Kato 16869:Kā‘bīyya 16800:Bishriyya 16780:Muʿtazila 16708:al-Juhani 16701:Qadariyah 16571:Kalandars 16551:Hāshwīyya 16439:Abū Shamr 16372:Zarībīyya 16369:Wāhidīyya 16360:Sūramīyya 16354:Razīnīyya 16330:Dhīmmīyya 16299:Hasan ibn 16273:Wahbiyyah 16220:Abu Qurra 16146:Muhakkima 16090:Hurufiyya 16077:Mahdiists 15992:Riyāhīyya 15973:Hārbīyya 15914:Aga Khans 15909:Assassins 15872:Sulaymani 15836:ad-Darazi 15774:Hārābātīs 15691:Qizilbash 15684:Shaykhism 15560:Jarudiyya 15471:Al-Ahbash 15452:Ash'arism 15385:Al-Albani 15365:Wahhabism 15210:Ahmadiyya 15151:Al-Khisal 15061:Al-Irshad 15016:Key books 14663:Al-Albani 14631:Wahhabism 14485:Mu'tazila 14474:Qadariyah 14352:Mu'attila 14267:Ibn Kemal 14262:Khidr Bey 14142:Hanafiyah 14077:Al-Bahūtī 14072:Ibn Ashir 14037:Ibn Arafa 13932:Ibn Furak 13927:Al-Maziri 13878:Ash'arism 13845:Cosmology 13822:Cosmology 13817:Astronomy 13789:Education 13603:Singapore 13578:Palestine 13503:Indonesia 13428:Australia 13248:225510058 13240:1940-3461 12764:(1977a). 12717:(1993) . 12608:Discourse 12574:195448888 12566:1552-6526 12325:pp. 52–53 12219:The Times 12160:): 1–48. 12121:1573-0255 12067:2077-1444 12032:Religions 12007:1874-6691 11825:213121908 11244:0003-0279 11199:1874-6691 11125:170748666 11117:0021-0862 11025:8 January 10962:143672216 10954:0026-3206 10503:"Lebanon" 10336:14 August 10125:27 August 10083:27 August 9805:8 October 9750:25 August 9687:"Shīʿite" 9668:25 August 9468:"Baghdad" 9307:5 January 9281:28 August 9163:28 August 8979:14 August 8722:8 January 8693:8 January 8634:8 January 8624:"Najāsat" 8473:0099-9660 8444:26 August 8144:"Shīʿite" 8085:28 August 7945:12 August 7919:12 August 7771:the Imams 7759:successor 7721:0002-7189 7713:1477-4585 7451:Citations 7194:from the 7139:genocidal 6932:al-Yamama 6593:(Fasting) 6583:(Charity) 6522:, son of 6393:) of the 6329:Australia 6281:Palestine 6251:Ismāʿīlīs 6140:Ismāʿīlīs 6076:12th Imam 6056:Ibn Arabi 6031:Islamists 6024:Ayatollah 5973:12th Imam 5903:(prayer); 5832:Qizilbash 5482:Ismāʿīlīs 5432:~100,000 5402:~100,000 5372:~125,000 5337:~225,000 5303:~300,000 5273:~400,000 5239:~400,000 4598:Sulaymani 4591:Nakhawila 4223:Ismā'īl I 4174:al-Muʻizz 4103:Imam, in 4046:Bahmanids 3981:Ilkhanate 3975:al-Jazira 3896:Dynasties 3748:Arab clan 3674:Imam Reza 3626:, became 3624:Ismāʿīlīs 3580:, namely 3578:Old Cairo 3342:al-Zubayr 3322:civil war 3127:mujtahids 3024:Kadhimiya 2719:Practices 2671:, son of 2630:Abrahamic 2414:romanized 2378:romanized 2358:romanized 2344:malāʾikah 2338:romanized 2249:romanized 2002:romanized 1959:(grave), 1746:The term 1622:Shīʿiyyūn 1565:The word 1416:his death 1397:romanized 1350:romanized 1337:successor 1196:terrorism 1148:Criticism 1101:Sexuality 1071:Mysticism 1041:Festivals 1021:Education 1016:Economics 952:Academics 908:Caliphate 721:Practices 546:Shahrbanu 431:Qizilbash 23688:Category 23663:Category 23627:Suriname 23617:Paraguay 23602:Colombia 23509:Kiribati 23436:Honduras 23406:Dominica 23381:Barbados 23346:Scotland 23306:Slovenia 23301:Slovakia 23276:Portugal 23146:Bulgaria 23068:Thailand 23018:Pakistan 22998:Mongolia 22993:Maldives 22988:Malaysia 22876:Cambodia 22823:Zimbabwe 22798:Tanzania 22648:Ethiopia 22643:Eswatini 22623:Djibouti 22588:Cameroon 22573:Botswana 22517:Timeline 22512:Scholars 22472:Founders 22337:Violence 22292:Politics 22162:Business 22125:Theology 21869:Prophecy 21859:Paganism 21747:Covenant 21714:Apostasy 21649:Scythian 21590:Rapa Nui 21544:Thracian 21539:Illyrian 21529:Albanian 21500:Sumerian 21443:Harappan 21379:Germanic 21374:Georgian 21367:Selk'nam 21352:Etruscan 21340:Egyptian 21318:Druidism 21281:Armenian 21204:Satanism 21184:Eckankar 21107:Estonian 21092:Romanian 21082:Ossetian 21062:Germanic 21011:Armenian 21000:African 20993:paganism 20922:Sant Mat 20912:Rajneesh 20887:Meivazhi 20882:Japanese 20839:Siberian 20772:Santería 20742:Convince 20608:Bushongo 20512:Kiratism 20439:Hmongism 20316:Wocekiye 20301:Jivaroan 20269:Iroquois 20264:Ho-Chunk 20225:Cherokee 20163:American 20134:Hawaiian 20047:Sarnaism 20017:Tungusic 20005:Tengrism 19995:Mongolic 19924:Sarnaism 19855:Nichiren 19832:Mahayana 19819:Buddhism 19797:Sant Mat 19787:Sauraism 19782:Smartism 19777:Shaktism 19770:Balinese 19755:Kaumaram 19750:Kapalika 19745:Kashmiri 19730:Shaivism 19670:Hinduism 19637:Caodaism 19581:Ryukyuan 19576:Tenrikyo 19571:Shugendō 19549:Japanese 19420:Yazidism 19405:Ishikism 19283:Quranism 19256:Khawarij 19205:Salafism 19200:Atharism 19089:Esoteric 19060:Holiness 19050:Lutheran 19011:Reformed 18991:Baptists 18964:Brethren 18928:Hussites 18916:Assyrian 18832:Haymanot 18786:Orthodox 18735:Religion 18693:Category 18586:Islamism 18569:Muhammad 18525:Apostasy 18500:Hinduism 18400:Feminism 18331:Medicine 18171:Military 18125:Gambling 18074:Apostasy 18069:Criminal 17981:Marriage 17950:Tayammum 17902:Murabaha 17775:Madrasas 17765:Holidays 17755:Clothing 17750:Children 17745:Calendar 17696:Quranism 17650:Alawites 17614:Atharism 17505:Rashidun 17344:In Islam 17339:Muhammad 17184:Tawakkul 17151:Tawassul 17113:Taṣawwuf 17035:doctrine 16883:Quranism 16672:Namiriya 16301:Muḥāmmad 16294:Murji'ah 16008:Rawendis 15931:Satpanth 15852:Musta'li 15847:Fatimids 15745:Hurufism 15732:Alawites 15637:Sects in 15629:Mahdiist 15565:Batriyya 15511:Deobandi 15462:Shafi'is 15397:Jihadism 15344:Salafism 15312:Hanbalis 15293:Atharism 15206:Malfūzāt 15144:Al-Amali 14741:Hazimism 14453:Murji'ah 14377:Jahmīyya 14365:Mu'jbira 13957:Ibn Aqil 13573:Pakistan 13553:Malaysia 13458:Botswana 13365:18 April 13359:Shafaqna 13209:: 64–79. 13133:(2007). 13111:(1989). 13079:(2013). 13057:(1985). 12978:(2004). 12954:(2011). 12914:59136662 12856:(1979). 12834:(2001). 12808:(1988). 12786:(2002). 12650:(2007). 12507:17 March 12498:Archived 12471:17 March 12465:Archived 12418:19 April 12412:Archived 12407:BBC News 12223:Archived 12162:Archived 11965:(eds.). 11939:Archived 11935:NDTV.com 11917:Archived 11887:Archived 11861:Archived 11730:. Brill. 11658:Archived 11636:Archived 11558:Archived 11478:Archived 11371:13 April 11292:24 April 11286:Archived 11268:47785421 11260:12032032 11157:(eds.). 11045:Archived 10986:25 April 10980:Archived 10786:Archived 10744:Archived 10726:. p. 45. 10617:Archived 10386:Archived 10330:Archived 10272:Archived 10268:This Day 10241:Archived 10207:Archived 10182:21 March 10178:. London 10155:24 March 10149:Archived 10033:Archived 9971:Archived 9916:Archived 9870:Archived 9866:BBC News 9840:Archived 9744:Archived 9623:Archived 9565:, p. 49. 9541:Archived 9502:Archived 9476:New York 9372:(1994). 9105:Archived 9016:Archived 8973:BBC News 8947:Archived 8925:Archived 8776:, p. 23. 8716:Archived 8542:cite web 8477:Archived 8438:Archived 8366:Archived 8292:, p. 135 8260:Archived 8152:Archived 8133:, p. 47. 8053:Archived 7981:Archived 7939:Archived 7913:Archived 7845:59136662 7751:Muhammad 7729:24488178 7629:Archived 7307:Alawites 7256:See also 7168:Bektashi 7119:violence 7099:Muhammad 7034:militant 7031:Islamist 6912:Samanids 6896:Deylaman 6875:الأدارسة 6866:Idrisids 6860:Timeline 6766:Doctrine 6740:Zaydiyya 6660:Musta‘lī 6577:(Prayer) 6567:(Purity) 6502:and the 6473:Musta‘lī 6408:of Imam 6358:Ismāʿīlī 6273:Pakistan 6255:Aga Khan 6197:sharī'ah 6189:mystical 5859:Nubuwwah 5828:Bektashi 5587:Doctrine 5507:mujtahid 5480:and the 5474:Twelvers 5123:Tanzania 4749:Pakistan 4690:Article 4687:Country 4674:report, 4627:Sunnīs. 4595:Ismāʿīlī 4566:Pakistan 4407:Safavids 4378:mujtahid 4354:Muhammad 4257:ascetic 4188:and the 4117:Fatimids 4101:Ismāʿīlī 4024:Buddhism 3967:Uqaylids 3915:Idrisids 3890:Damascus 3707:Muhammad 3620:Twelvers 3569:Zulfiqar 3513:Arba'een 3354:Kharijis 3350:Muawiyah 3326:khilafāʾ 3283:rāshidūn 3270:Abū Bakr 3216:Ilkhanid 3099:Najāsat) 3095:impurity 2912:Sha'aban 2855:Damascus 2851:Arba'een 2845:Muharram 2827:and the 2782:Holidays 2637:Muhammad 2633:prophets 2622:Tabarruk 2484:Twelvers 2283:Ismāʿīlī 2178:Nubuwwah 2166:تَوْحِيد 2087:الشهادة‎ 1918:Muhammad 1849:require 1788:and the 1583:شيعة علي 1551:its laws 1499:Isma'ili 1432:rashidun 1428:rightful 1420:Abu Bakr 1329:Muhammad 1232:Glossary 1218:Jihadism 1191:Violence 1186:Islamism 1157:Muhammad 1143:Apostasy 1086:Politics 1036:Feminism 1031:Exorcism 992:Diaspora 977:Children 972:Calendar 900:Rashidun 878:Muhammad 873:Timeline 834:Mathnawi 696:Prophets 640:a series 638:Part of 463:Muhammad 419:Bektashi 395:Satpanth 329:Musta'li 324:Isma'ili 235:Mubahala 175:Arba'een 46:a series 44:Part of 23632:Uruguay 23607:Ecuador 23587:Bolivia 23564:Vanuatu 23491:Oceania 23441:Jamaica 23421:Grenada 23376:Bahamas 23336:England 23326:Ukraine 23281:Romania 23241:Moldova 23201:Ireland 23196:Iceland 23191:Hungary 23181:Germany 23171:Finland 23166:Estonia 23161:Denmark 23156:Czechia 23151:Croatia 23136:Belgium 23131:Belarus 23126:Austria 23121:Andorra 23116:Albania 23093:Vietnam 23003:Myanmar 22978:Lebanon 22896:Georgia 22856:Bahrain 22846:Armenia 22808:Tunisia 22778:Somalia 22763:Senegal 22748:Nigeria 22738:Namibia 22728:Morocco 22693:Liberia 22688:Lesotho 22638:Eritrea 22608:Comoros 22583:Burundi 22558:Algeria 22502:Outline 22467:Deities 22394:Atheism 22312:Science 22230:Freedom 22088:History 22055:studies 22008:Dualism 21998:Animism 21963:Worship 21943:Symbols 21884:Liturgy 21797:Goddess 21757:Deities 21738:Laicism 21728:Beliefs 21707:Aspects 21679:Zapotec 21674:Vainakh 21642:Yahwism 21627:Semitic 21556:Iranian 21458:Hurrian 21448:Hittite 21438:Guanche 21431:Orphism 21362:Fuegian 21357:Finnish 21345:Atenism 21291:Latvian 21276:Arabian 21219:Raëlism 21199:Jediism 21194:Goddess 21167:De novo 21055:Druidry 20949:Thelema 20902:New Age 20787:Umbanda 20678:Tumbuka 20663:Odinala 20648:Lugbara 20568:African 20534:African 20482:Bimoism 20472:Burmese 20328:Mapuche 20294:Wyandot 20254:Guarani 20235:Choctaw 20230:Chilote 20176:Alaskan 20171:Abenaki 20122:Tagalog 20095:Kejawèn 19944:Sikhism 19907:Jainism 19867:Tibetan 19850:Amidism 19718:Warkari 19632:Đạo Mẫu 19482:Chinese 19464:Eastern 19441:Roshani 19360:Iranian 19268:Alevism 19261:Ibadism 19234:Zaydism 18911:Ancient 18882:Eastern 18842:Renewal 18827:Karaite 18808:Zionist 18796:Hasidic 18778:Judaism 18760:Western 18640:Nursing 18601:Qutbism 18515:Sikhism 18510:Judaism 18505:Jainism 18341:Physics 18288:Pottery 18273:Gardens 18268:Carpets 18183:Slavery 18105:Divorce 18092:Dhabiĥa 17920:Hygiene 17895:Takaful 17877:Banking 17807:Science 17801:Qurbani 17770:Mosques 17730:Animals 17719:Culture 17667:Zaydism 17655:Alevism 17541:Ottoman 17531:Almohad 17526:Fatimid 17521:Córdoba 17516:Abbasid 17511:Umayyad 17444:Leaders 17439:History 17397:Shahada 17312:Beliefs 17233:Shafi'i 17223:Hanbali 17189:Tewafuq 17169:Sadaqah 17130:Barelvi 17121:Ṭarīqah 16975:Qadiani 16948:beliefs 16718:Alevism 16565:Dimashq 16351:Nūnīyya 16345:Maʿīyya 16305:ibn al- 16280:Azzabas 16241:Ibadism 16229:Nukkari 16183:Azariqa 16168:Ajardi 16115:Bábīyya 16021:Sunpadh 15953:Mukhtār 15918:Nizaris 15893:Alevism 15867:Dawoodi 15857:Tayyibi 15819:Sevener 15798:Fathite 15672:Akhbari 15667:Ja'fari 15654:Twelver 15633:Shi'ite 15570:Imamate 15547:Zaydism 15498:Barelvi 15485:Hanafis 15457:Malikis 15426:Maqrizi 15375:Ibn Baz 15334:Zahiris 15096:Masnavi 14648:Ibn Baz 14462:Dimashq 14162:Shafi‘i 14092:'Illish 13827:Physics 13809:Science 13633:Tunisia 13608:Somalia 13593:Senegal 13568:Nigeria 13558:Morocco 13543:Lebanon 13448:Belgium 13438:Bahrain 13418:Algeria 13340:4 March 13319:4 March 13286:4 March 12980:Shiʻism 12640:Sources 12593:(PhD). 12536:(5–6). 12368:, 1982. 12051:: 483. 11867:8 March 11484:9 April 11454:9 April 11230:: 542. 10767:. p. 45 10697:. p. 40 10392:20 June 9946:. 2012. 9508:21 June 8953:18 June 8834:. p. 40 8689:, Brill 8630:, Brill 8158:21 July 8038:. p. 46 7785:of the 7745:1479270 7635:31 July 7588:Shiʻite 7438:A 2019 7240:in its 7188:Wahhabi 7184:Al Saud 7160:Selim I 7154:Ottoman 6968:Shāfiʿī 6908:Alavids 6888:Maghreb 6884:Idris I 6854:Hadawis 6736:Zaydism 6696:Zaydism 6686:Zaydī ( 6664:Ṭayyibi 6624:Nizārīs 6565:Taharah 6559:Walayah 6540:Pillars 6500:Ṭayyibi 6489:Iranian 6422:Bahrain 6353:In the 6144:Sevener 6127:Sevener 6085:ikhwani 6064:Akhbari 6040:Persian 6018:Allamah 6006:ijtihad 5820:Shaykhi 5759:sharīʿa 5617:Justice 5581:Lebanon 5575:(70%), 5573:Bahrain 5571:(85%), 5567:(90%), 5553:Jaʿfari 5541:Twelver 5520:Twelver 5514:Twelver 5502:jurists 5348:Detroit 5264:Germany 5196:Bahrain 5173:Ismaili 5084:Nigeria 5024:Lebanon 4891:~10–15 4656:Somalia 4625:Shāfiʿī 4585:in the 4583:Baharna 4580:Twelver 4543:Bahrain 4449:Muslims 4427:in the 4371:sharīʿa 4330:Akhbari 4323:Persian 4315:Persian 4231:Twelver 4225:of the 4141:Fāṭimah 4097:Fatimid 4040:Öljaitü 4015:Western 3991:khanate 3961:Iranian 3958:Twelver 3944:Bahrain 3936:Iranian 3933:Ismaili 3923:Morocco 3886:Messiah 3842:Öljaitü 3795:Imamate 3522:Karbala 3458:Isfahan 3288:ʿUthmān 3180:Origins 3156:History 3109:, with 3067:Wahhabi 3063:Al Saud 3061:by the 3032:Samarra 2996:Mashhad 2992:Karbala 2956:Mashhad 2884:Fāṭimah 2841:Karbala 2801:Ramadan 2765:Maghrib 2737:Karbala 2731:at the 2669:Solomon 2580:reports 2429:Ghaybah 2416:: 2391:as the 2380:: 2364:anbiyāʼ 2360:: 2340:: 2333:ملائِكة 2291:Fāṭimah 2279:Twelver 2263: 2251:: 2244:عِصْمَة 2215: 2194: 2173: 2152:Shahada 2133: 2114: 2097:states 2095:Shahada 2078:Shahada 2039:of the 2025:Shahada 2017:Fāṭimah 2008:khalifa 2004:: 1977:prophet 1851:cleanup 1824:Beliefs 1814:Abraham 1737:English 1707:Shīʿite 1701:), and 1661:Shīʿism 1531:Lebanon 1527:Bahrain 1460: 1408:Saqifah 1399:: 1376: 1356:khalifa 1352:: 1113:Slavery 1096:Science 1051:Madrasa 1046:Finance 957:Animals 945:society 941:Culture 913:Imamate 893:Sahabah 866:History 836:(Poems) 821:(creed) 745:Fasting 673:Oneness 666:Beliefs 334:Tayyibi 305:Shaykhi 295:Akhbari 290:Ja'fari 218:History 108:Twelver 103:Ismaili 98:Imamate 23673:Portal 23612:Guyana 23592:Brazil 23559:Tuvalu 23456:Panama 23446:Mexico 23391:Canada 23386:Belize 23316:Sweden 23296:Serbia 23286:Russia 23271:Poland 23266:Norway 23246:Monaco 23216:Latvia 23211:Kosovo 23186:Greece 23176:France 23108:Europe 23073:Turkey 23058:Taiwan 22963:Kuwait 22936:Jordan 22926:Israel 22886:Cyprus 22871:Brunei 22866:Bhutan 22818:Zambia 22813:Uganda 22753:Rwanda 22708:Malawi 22668:Guinea 22658:Gambia 22563:Angola 22550:Africa 22359:Wealth 22307:Schism 22262:Growth 22186:Priest 22171:Clergy 21990:Theism 21973:Nature 21968:Astral 21911:Groves 21879:Ritual 21864:Prayer 21822:Novice 21772:Ethnic 21697:Topics 21669:Urartu 21664:Tongan 21659:Somali 21654:Slavic 21534:Dacian 21313:Celtic 21308:Basque 21286:Baltic 21137:Udmurt 21102:Uralic 21097:Slavic 21050:Celtic 21038:Abkhaz 21026:Romuva 21016:Baltic 20991:Modern 20834:Papuan 20797:Voodoo 20752:Kumina 20693:Yoruba 20683:Urhobo 20653:Maasai 20638:Lotuko 20586:Baluba 20576:Akamba 20549:Berber 20507:Heraka 20497:Dongba 20385:Pueblo 20380:Pawnee 20370:Navajo 20360:Muisca 20323:Lenape 20311:Lakota 20289:Seneca 20279:Mohawk 20213:Ohlone 20193:Apache 20186:Ojibwe 20161:Native 20027:Manchu 20022:Evenki 19983:Altaic 19974:Ethnic 19949:Khalsa 19902:Kalash 19792:Śrauta 19661:Indian 19591:Korean 19557:Shinto 19527:Taoism 19500:Luoism 19326:Baháʼí 19321:Bábism 19273:Ahmadi 19251:Sufism 19244:Alawis 18894:Church 18822:Reform 18803:Modern 18791:Haredi 18462: 18420:poetry 18230: 18115:Ethics 18099:Dhimmi 18058:Baligh 18019:Mahram 17976:Family 17956:Toilet 17936:Miswak 17689:Lahori 17630:Salafi 17576:Seerah 17571:Tafsir 17566:Hadith 17536:Sokoto 17481:Sahaba 17356:Angels 17333:Tawhid 17290:topics 17238:Zahiri 17228:Maliki 17218:Hanafi 17194:Thawab 17174:Sunnah 17099:Other 17055:Hizmet 17019:Zikris 16990:Dönmes 16980:Lahori 16946:Muslim 16766:Rifa`i 16706:Ma'bad 16588:Tajsīm 16536:Tamsīl 16263:Ifrani 16203:Najdat 16106:Shayki 16075:Other 16043:Mazyar 15922:Khojas 15900:Nizari 15879:Hafizi 15840:Druzes 15821: 15765:Alians 15719:Ghulat 15199:Alawis 14466:Nabati 14431:Abdals 14413:Juzjan 14152:Maliki 13837:Sufism 13761:Ethics 13748:Aqidah 13740:Fields 13719:Fields 13638:Turkey 13538:Kuwait 13528:Jordan 13518:Israel 13478:Canada 13468:Brunei 13463:Brazil 13423:Angola 13305:London 13246: 13238: 13183: 13164: 13145: 13119: 13093: 13065: 13043: 13024: 13005: 12986: 12964: 12938: 12912: 12902: 12883: 12864: 12842: 12816: 12794: 12772: 12746: 12727: 12703: 12662: 12572: 12564: 12342: 12321: 12229:23 May 12196: 12119: 12099:Leiden 12065: 12005: 11995: 11975:Boston 11971:Leiden 11823: 11813: 11705: 11614: 11587: 11422: 11394: 11340: 11315: 11266: 11258: 11252:605981 11250: 11242: 11197: 11187: 11167:Boston 11163:Leiden 11123: 11115: 11074: 11051:1 June 10960: 10952: 10901:10 May 10845: 10812: 10763: 10722: 10693: 10648: 10609: 10538:. BBC. 10491:. BBC. 10470: 10431:. BBC. 10361: 10322: 10295: 10233: 9997: 9894: 9533: 9496: 9486: 9442: 9414: 9380: 9351: 9249: 8997: 8917: 8830: 8789: 8659: 8598: 8571: 8471: 8416: 8389: 8329: 8288: 8242: 8172:Quran 8113: 8034: 8012: 7891: 7843: 7833: 7743: 7735: 7727: 7719: 7711: 7619:Shiite 7600:Shiite 7592:Shiite 7586:, and 7548: 7524: 7497: 7472: 7192:Ikhwan 7164:Alevis 7157:sultan 7135:brutal 7117:, and 7079:Shiraz 7007:Sana'a 6964:Ḥanafī 6944:Sa'dah 6936:caliph 6924:Buyids 6898:, and 6870:Arabic 6848:, the 6838:Arabic 6805:Sayyid 6780:Sayyid 6752:Fivers 6742:or as 6711:, the 6678:, and 6646:Malika 6514:, and 6504:Ḥāfiẓi 6485:Alamut 6469:Nizārī 6370:taʾwīl 6355:Nizārī 6335:, and 6293:Jordan 6205:sunnah 6158:, the 6118:marjaʿ 6012:marjaʿ 5993:hadith 5883:Imamah 5851:Tawḥīd 5830:, and 5824:Alevis 5814:sunnah 5811:, the 5739:, and 5725:, and 5671:hadith 5559:, the 5492:, the 5478:Zaydīs 5438:<1 5408:<1 5378:<1 5343:<1 5340:~0.07 5309:<1 5279:<1 5245:<1 5215:<1 5177:Ahmadi 5168:<1 5165:20–25 5153:Kuwait 5138:<1 5099:<1 5096:<1 5039:<1 5011:sect. 4974:Hazara 4901:sect. 4879:Turkey 4866:sect. 4856:35–40 4826:1.3–2 4799:10–11 4734:37–40 4644:Sokoto 4621:Tabuik 4606:Najran 4562:Turkey 4558:Kuwait 4498: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4373:courts 4362:judges 4346:sunnah 4343:, and 4339:ḥadīth 4283:Persia 4162:Arabic 4137:Medina 4129:Arabia 4125:Levant 4123:, the 4032:Ghazan 4011:Hulagu 3988:Mongol 3954:Buyids 3838:Ghazan 3817:, and 3779:ḥikmah 3743:ḥadīth 3628:Imamis 3531:shahid 3478:bay'ah 3436:Medina 3424:: The 3378:, and 3340:, and 3338:Talhah 3306:Medina 3276:, and 3228:Fatima 3192:, and 3103:kitābῑ 3085:Purity 3071:Ikhwan 3042:, the 3038:, the 3034:, the 2982:, the 2980:Medina 2974:After 2876:, the 2865:Mawlid 2729:prayer 2696:Imamat 2680:Imamat 2649:, the 2598:, and 2578:ḥadīth 2494:is an 2453:, and 2405:Arabic 2369:Arabic 2353:أنبياء 2349:Arabic 2329:Arabic 2325:angels 2240:Arabic 2204:Arabic 2199:Imamah 2183:Arabic 2162:Arabic 2157:Tawḥīd 2122:Arabic 2103:Arabic 2091:Sunnīs 2083:Arabic 1993:Arabic 1989:caliph 1818:’Imrân 1770:caliph 1703:Shiite 1657:Shiism 1591:Arabic 1579:Arabic 1539:Turkey 1535:Kuwait 1525:, and 1505:, and 1472:Husayn 1449:Arabic 1439:Imamah 1424:caliph 1403:sahaba 1388:Arabic 1365:Arabic 1341:Arabic 1318:branch 1167:Hadith 1081:Poetry 1061:Mosque 1026:Ethics 851:Sharia 819:Aqidah 811:Tafsir 795:Hadith 789:Sunnah 733:Prayer 684:Angels 561:Narjis 501:Fatima 483:Husayn 473:Fatima 436:Ishiki 404:Ghulat 385:Nizari 378:Hafizi 317:Houthi 265:Origin 180:Mawlid 170:Ashura 140:Clergy 120:Angels 18:Shiism 23597:Chile 23554:Tonga 23544:Samoa 23534:Palau 23524:Nauru 23431:Haiti 23351:Wales 23311:Spain 23236:Malta 23206:Italy 23098:Yemen 23053:Syria 23033:Qatar 23008:Nepal 22983:Macau 22946:Korea 22931:Japan 22906:India 22881:China 22793:Sudan 22743:Niger 22698:Libya 22683:Kenya 22663:Ghana 22653:Gabon 22628:Egypt 22568:Benin 22477:Index 22448:lists 22317:State 22135:Women 22003:Deism 21978:Place 21958:Water 21953:Truth 21921:Trees 21777:Faith 21742:Laity 21637:Punic 21595:Roman 21561:Vedic 21519:Olmec 21406:Greek 21399:Norse 21323:Irish 21144:Wicca 20939:Subud 20829:Inuit 20802:Winti 20792:Vodou 20757:Obeah 20737:Comfa 20720:Bantu 20673:Serer 20658:Mbuti 20618:Dogon 20613:Dinka 20596:Kongo 20591:Bantu 20517:Qiang 20348:Olmec 20338:Aztec 20259:Haida 20208:Miwok 20139:Māori 20070:Dayak 19991:Turko 19954:Sects 19890:Other 19845:Thiền 19429:Other 19331:Druze 19309:Other 19185:Sunni 19177:Islam 18959:Amish 18877:Latin 18574:Quran 18464:Other 18359:Early 18283:Music 18199:Kalam 18153:Jizya 18141:Hudud 18026:Nikah 17943:Najis 17929:Ghusl 17888:Sukuk 17817:Women 17785:Music 17760:Flags 17674:Ibadi 17601:Sunni 17561:Quran 17418:Zakat 17404:Salah 17367:Qadar 17325:Allah 17288:Islam 17179:Taqwa 16563:ī ad- 16561:Fāris 16215:Sufri 16038:Babak 15862:Alavi 15828:Hamza 15786:Imami 15677:Usuli 15650:Imami 15641:Islam 15625:Imami 15407:Sahwa 14470:Murjī 14464:ī an- 14415:ī al- 14406:Balkh 14130:Sunni 14127:Early 13799:Peace 13794:Logic 13766:Kalam 13727:Books 13663:Yemen 13623:Syria 13618:Sudan 13583:Qatar 13548:Libya 13533:Kenya 13498:India 13488:Egypt 13483:China 13453:Benin 13244:S2CID 12570:S2CID 12501:(PDF) 12490:(PDF) 12299:4 May 12255:4 May 12165:(PDF) 12142:(PDF) 12097:(4). 12045:Basel 11821:S2CID 11765:4 May 11248:JSTOR 11226:(3). 11121:S2CID 10958:S2CID 10747:(PDF) 10740:(PDF) 10111:(CIA) 10077:(PDF) 10066:(PDF) 10036:(PDF) 10018:(PDF) 9974:(PDF) 9961:(PDF) 9799:(PDF) 9788:(PDF) 8855:4 May 8805:Shiʿi 8535:Qom.' 8266:4 May 8174:33:33 8059:4 May 7725:JSTOR 7709:eISSN 7580:Shiʻa 7426:Notes 7204:Najaf 6991:Yemen 6892:Gilan 6782:) of 6688:Fiver 6607:Jihad 6581:Zakāt 6575:Salat 6477:Nizār 6447:Druze 6410:Mahdi 6384:hujja 6317:China 6289:Yemen 6277:Syria 6269:India 6217:light 6211:(the 6183:zahīr 6176:bāṭin 6154:) to 6060:Usuli 5989:Quran 5956:Khums 5936:Jihād 5928:Zakāt 5921:Mecca 5900:Salat 5867:Muʿad 5659:Quran 5653:Books 5638:Imams 5549:Imami 5443:Ibadi 5405:~3.5 5393:Qatar 5375:~0.2 5276:~0.5 5211:65–70 5135:~2.5 5036:31.2 4989:Syria 4970:Tajik 4929:45–55 4894:~3–4 4844:Yemen 4829:9–14 4814:India 4795:55–65 4730:90–95 4660:Khoja 4648:Kenya 4501:Ibadi 4496:Shia 4485:Sunnī 4387:Usuli 4383:ulama 4334:Quran 4307:ulama 4186:Cairo 4182:Egypt 4133:Mecca 4109:Egypt 3919:Zaydi 3882:Masih 3874:Jesus 3858:Mahdi 3807:Mahdi 3752:Yemen 3678:Imams 3613:Egypt 3589:Manāt 3473:Yazid 3444:Yazid 3417:Ḥasan 3359:sujud 3334:Aisha 3253:mawla 3248:mawla 3169:hijra 3149:fatwa 2988:Najaf 2976:Mecca 2898:Rajab 2859:Safar 2837:Ḥasan 2776:Quran 2771:Isha' 2768:with 2756:with 2753:Dhuhr 2673:David 2665:Moses 2653:, in 2504:Mahdi 2480:Mahdi 2384:rusul 2299:ismah 2287:Imams 2275:ismah 2236:Ismah 2231:Ismah 2223:Ismah 2208:إمامة 2049:Egypt 2045:Cairo 2037:Qibla 1997:خليفة 1965:Najaf 1953:Ḍarīẖ 1905:Ummah 1786:Quran 1630:Shīʿa 1595:شيعيّ 1587:Shīʿī 1543:Yemen 1507:Alevi 1503:Zaydi 1468:Hasan 1406:) at 1392:صحابہ 1345:خليفة 1322:Islam 1213:Jihad 1162:Quran 1123:Women 1066:Music 1004:Sunni 853:(law) 801:Sirah 782:Quran 766:Texts 648:Islam 541:Rubab 478:Hasan 414:Alevi 409:Alawi 390:Khoja 312:Zaydi 300:Usuli 240:Khumm 113:Zaydi 23622:Peru 23504:Fiji 23401:Cuba 23013:Oman 22973:Laos 22921:Iraq 22916:Iran 22833:Asia 22803:Togo 22713:Mali 22603:Chad 22446:and 22373:and 21948:Text 21928:Soul 21817:Monk 21782:Fire 21463:Inca 21271:Ainu 21155:list 21132:Sámi 20762:Palo 20730:Ketu 20725:Jejé 20643:Lozi 20623:Efik 20601:Zulu 20581:Akan 20434:Ahom 20426:Miao 20424:and 20412:Zuni 20395:Hopi 20343:Maya 20240:Crow 20218:Pomo 19880:list 19837:Chan 19808:list 19765:Nath 19563:list 19299:list 19224:Shia 19166:list 18853:list 18245:Arts 18176:POWs 18110:Diet 18040:Zina 18012:Mahr 17998:Haya 17962:Wudu 17909:Riba 17822:LGBT 17714:Life 17635:Shia 17625:Sufi 17616:and 17425:Hajj 17411:Sawm 15945:Shia 14342:Rumi 13784:‘Aql 13513:Iraq 13508:Iran 13367:2023 13342:2022 13321:2022 13288:2022 13236:ISSN 13181:ISBN 13162:ISBN 13143:ISBN 13117:ISBN 13091:ISBN 13063:ISBN 13041:ISBN 13022:ISBN 13003:ISBN 12984:ISBN 12962:ISBN 12936:ISBN 12910:OCLC 12900:ISBN 12881:ISBN 12862:ISBN 12840:ISBN 12814:ISBN 12792:ISBN 12770:ISBN 12744:ISBN 12725:ISBN 12701:ISBN 12684:2019 12660:ISBN 12625:Sada 12562:ISSN 12509:2014 12473:2014 12447:2007 12420:2015 12340:ISBN 12319:ISBN 12301:2011 12257:2011 12231:2010 12194:ISBN 12173:2020 12117:ISSN 12063:ISSN 12049:MDPI 12039:(8: 12003:ISSN 11993:ISBN 11973:and 11895:2015 11869:2022 11811:ISBN 11767:2011 11703:ISBN 11612:ISBN 11585:ISBN 11486:2015 11456:2015 11420:ISBN 11392:ISBN 11373:2020 11338:ISBN 11313:ISBN 11294:2007 11264:OCLC 11256:LCCN 11240:ISSN 11195:ISSN 11185:ISBN 11165:and 11113:ISSN 11072:ISBN 11053:2007 11027:2007 10988:2007 10950:ISSN 10903:2022 10843:ISBN 10810:ISBN 10761:ISBN 10720:ISBN 10691:ISBN 10646:ISBN 10625:2015 10607:ISBN 10468:ISBN 10394:2015 10359:ISBN 10338:2012 10320:ISBN 10293:ISBN 10249:2012 10231:ISBN 10184:2010 10157:2009 10127:2010 10085:2010 10044:2010 9995:ISBN 9924:2010 9892:ISBN 9848:2014 9807:2009 9752:2010 9698:2022 9670:2010 9631:2014 9549:2018 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