390:. The Battle of the Camel took place in Basra on December 4, 656 CE. This battle is regarded as the first time Muslims, particularly Muslims who ranked among Muhammad's sahaba, clashed and fought against one another in open warfare. The Battle of the Camel has been considered to be the first fitna and is also referred to as a ârebellion that leads to schismâ, âviolent factional strifeâ, or even âthe temptation to turn upon one's fellow Muslimsâ. The name of the battle reflects the centrality of Aisha's role in the conflict, as she was seated on her camel in the middle of the battlefield. Aisha led a force of 13,000 soldiers against Ali after he failed to punish the murder of âUthman. During the Battle of the Camel, Aisha mobilized military opposition with two male allies,
430:'He ('Ali) said: âGo to that woman and tell her to return to her home wherein Allah had ordered her to remainâ. He (Ibn Abbas) said: âI therefore went to her and asked permission to enter, but she didn't grant it. I therefore entered the house without her permission and sat on a cushion. She (Aisha) said: âO Ibn Abbas, by Allah I have never witnessed anyone like you! You entered our house without permission and sat on our cushion without our permissionâ. I said: âBy Allah this is not your house, your only house is the one wherein Allah ordered you to remain, but you didn't obey. The Commander of the Faithful orders you to return to that homeland from which you had left.'
307:
mistakenly left behind. Aisha returned to Medina escorted on a camel by a young man, Safwan Ibn
Muattal, which quickly led to gossip and speculation. Muhammad was deeply affected by this occurrence and turned to others for advice. The strongest opinion came from Muhammad's cousin Ali who said, âThere are women enough, you could make another her successorâ and he suggested that Muhammad divorce Aisha. Aisha never forgot about Ali's statement, which sparked the apparent hatred towards Ali that continued when he tried to become Muhammad's successor. Although Sunnis believe that Allah revealed Aisha's innocence in the following verse
377:"Ubayd bin Abi Salma who was a maternal relative of Aisha met her as she was making her way to Madinah. Ubayd said "Uthman has been killed and the people were without an Imam for eight days" to which Aisha asked "What did they do next?". Ubayd said "The people approached 'âAli and gave him bayya". Aisha then said 'Take me back! Take me back to Makkah". She then turned her face towards Makkah and said, 'Verily Uthman was murdered innocently, and By Allah, I shall avenge his blood'. Ubayd then said 'You are now calling Uthman innocent, even though it was you who said 'Kill Nathal, this Jew".
214:, Shias do not consider her a reputable source of hadith. She is deemed an untrustworthy and unreliable source because of her partisanship. Instead, Fatima and Ali are considered the best sources of hadith and are included as authoritative sources by both Shias and Sunnis. However, Aisha is used in certain hadith to serve as an example of how proper women should not behave.
257:, you should know that Allah is his Protector, and after Him Gabriel and the righteous believers and the angels are his companions and helpers. Happily his Lord if he divorceth you, will give him in your place wives better than you, submissive, faithful, obedient, repentant, prayerful, observers of fast, widows and virgins.
159:. Umm Salama is presented as a contrast to Aisha through her loyalty to Muhammad's family as well as obedience to his commands after his death. Unlike Aisha, who raised an army against Ali, Umm Salama tried to calm tensions. She also warned Ali of Aisha's intentions when dissuading Aisha from rebellion was unsuccessful.
191:. Shia consider Fatima's ideal of the innocent and long-suffering as the counterpart to the sexual and political misdemeanors of which they accuse Aisha. Fatima is described as an exemplary wife, daughter, and mother and the only woman of the Fourteen Perfect of Pure Ones in Shia tradition. They cite the following
171:
At this, Aisha burst forth "How is it that you always think of that old woman who is no more living when Allah has given you much better wives." Mohammed replied, "Never better". On another occasion, he said: "Aisha! Khadijah's love was given to me by Allah; never did Allah give me a better wife than
Khadijah."
320:
Shi'a supported the advancement of Ali in the political world and disregarded Aisha because of her feelings towards Ali. The Shi'a preferred Ali over the first three caliphs; they never accepted Muâawiya or any later caliphs, and Shi'a took the name shiâat Ali, or Ali's Party. Shi'a also regarded Ali
316:
Some Shias believe that this verse was about Maryam the Copt instead of Aisha, and so in their eyes the charge against her has never been cleared. However, others agree with the Sunni view that this verse proves her innocent. Moreover the prophet
Muhammad would have divorced her if these accusations
170:
Muhammad's love and gratitude for
Khadijah was so great that Aisha would become jealous. One time, Khadijah's sister Hala whose voice sounded exactly like Khadijah came to visit the Muhammad, as soon as he heard the familiar voice, he said "It must be Hala, her voice is just like that of Khadijah."
306:
Aisha's apparent feelings towards Ali developed when she was accused of adultery. Muhammad took Aisha on a campaign against a
Bedouin tribe. Aisha noticed she lost her necklace during a caravan rest stop and retraced her steps to find the piece of jewelry. When she returned, Aisha realized she was
166:
was
Muhammad's favorite wife without contest, and that Aisha or Umm Salama were only the favorite of his later wives. Some use the fact that Muhammad was only in a monogamous relationship with Khadijah as evidence of her superiority to his later wives. One opinion is that Muhammad's marriage to
236:. On one occasion she is reported to have been tired of Muhammad speaking of his first wife so often and said that Allah had replaced Khadijah with a better wife, referring to herself, for which Muhammad rebuked her. She is also criticized for deceiving Muhammad and hatching a plan with
311:
Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.
252:
and God apprised him therefore, he made known a part of it and avoided a part; so when he informed her of it, said she: âWho informed thee of this?â He said: âInformed, me, the All-Knowing, the All-Awareâ. If you both (women) repent to Allah, (it is better for you),
321:
to be the most judicious of the
Companions. The early Shi'a deemed Ali and his descendants to have rights to leadership based on their relationship to Muhammad, their designation by Muhammad as his successors, along with their knowledge and religious insight.
268:, another of Muhammad's wives. Aisha is reported to have mocked Safiyyah's jewish heritage, which invoked Muhammad's defense of Safiyyah. He reminded Aisha that while Safiyyah's people descended from prophets, Aisha's ancestors had no special status.
43:
is widely considered her most significant sign of such contempt. Shi'a also consider Aisha to be a controversial figure because of her political involvement during her lifetime. Aisha came from a political family lineage, as she was the daughter of
425:
They state that the verse clearly instructs
Muhammad's wives to stay in their homes. They say that Aisha's role in the battle clearly transgresses Allah's commandment. The Shi'a also quote 'Ali ibn Abi Talib to back up their stance on this verse:
52:. Aisha also played an active role in Muhammad's political life; she was known to accompany him to wars, where she learned military skills, such as initiating pre-war negotiations between combatants, conducting battles, and ending wars.
517:
Smith, Jame I. "Politics, Gender, and the
Islamic Past. The Legacy of Aisha Bint Abi Bakr by D.A. Spellberg." Rev. of Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past. The Legacy of Aisha Bint Abi Bakr by D.A. Spellberg. n.d.: n. pag. JSTOR.
205:
Anas narrated that the prophet (s) said: "The most excellent of the women of all worlds are: Maryam the daughter of al-Imran, Khadijah the daughter of
Khuwaylid, Fatimah the daughter of Muhammad, and Asiyah the wife of
114:
Therefore, all the intimate knowledge of their husbands neither helped them nor prevented punishment, hence Allah's statement, (So, they availed them not against Allah) means, because their wives were disbelievers
365:, as 'Uthman's successor. They also believe that only when the people turned to 'Ali ibn Abi Talib to become the Khalifah did Aisha change her stance and fight 'Ali to demand Qisas for Uthman. They cite some
401:
Shi'a find this battle to be controversial because they believe that she launched her army on Ali out of her personal hatred towards him and his family. They use the following narration in their argument:
244:
house. They believe this shows a severe amount of disrespect and insubordination to her husband. The following verses of the Qur'an are unanimously agreed by scholars to be referring to Aisha and Hafsa:
418:; and keep up prayer, and pay the poor-rate, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you, O people of the House! and to purify you a (thorough) purifying.
303:
and the Ahl al-bayt. The Ahl al-bayt is defined by Shi'as as Muhammad, his daughter Fatima, her husband Ali, and their two sons Hasan and Husayn. They do not include Muhammad's wives in this category.
287:
O ye wives of the Prophet! Ye are not like any other women. If ye keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft of speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease aspire (to you), but utter customary speech.
414:
O wives of the Prophet! you are not like any other of the women; If you will be on your guard, then be not soft in (your) speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease yearn; and speak a good word.
480:"Revelation and Falsification: The Kitab al-qira'at of Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari: Critical Edition with an Introduction and Notes by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi"
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398:, in order to challenge the legitimacy of âAli. âAlis forces defeated their opponents; Talhah and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam were killed, and Aisha was sent home.
794:
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Shias reject the idea that Aisha was Muhammad's favorite wife and believe that Muhammad favored none of his wives in compliance with the Qur'anic verse:
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They also quote Shaykh Sibt Jauzi al-Hanafi, Shaykh Ibn Talha Shafiyi and Ibn Sabagh Maliki. Who all record that prior to the battle of Jamal:
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Aisha was only prescribed to ease his suffering after Khadijah's death, diminishing the implications of divine intent for the union.
137:, then only one, or (a captive) that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice.
406:âAisha was informed about the opinion of the women, but there was some thing inside her boiling like a cooking pot against Aliâ
146:
When a man has two wives and he is inclined to one of them, he will come on the Day of resurrection with a side hanging down.
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71:, criticizing her is tantamount to criticizing him. The Shi'a counter this by referring to the situation of both
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for 'Uthman ibn 'Affan. They don't believe that it was her place to demand Qisas and assert that only the Imam
438:"He Ali wrote a letter to Aisha: 'By leaving your home you have disobeyed Allah(swt) and his Rasul(messenger)"
697:
283:
Muhammad's wives held a higher place in society than other women according to verse 33:32 of the Qur'an
179:
The Shi'a reject the general Sunni belief that Aisha was the best woman of her time. Shi'as uphold that
99:, but they acted treacherously towards them so they availed them naught against Allah, and it was said:
528:
479:
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for your hearts have swerved from the right path and if you supported each other against the Prophet
684:
Rev. of Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past. The Legacy of Aisha Bint Abi Bakr by D.A. Spellberg
416:
And stay in your houses and do not display your finery like the displaying of the ignorance of yore
354:
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Her character is further questioned by an accusation that she secretly disliked Ali, as related in
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When the Prophet confided unto one of his wives a matter, but when she divulged it (unto others)
233:
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who should be killed, from numerous sources. They claim her motive was to install her inlaw,
508:
Anwar, Etin. "Public Roles of Women." Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. 2004. Web.
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Shia believe that Aisha was jealous of Muhammad's other wives, especially his first wife,
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is generally unfavourable. This is primarily due to what they see as her contempt for the
8:
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387:
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40:
478:
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sayyari (2009). Kohlberg, Etan; Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (eds.).
279:"Jealousy in women is unpardonable, but in a man it is a sign of his faith in religion."
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The negative Shi'a view of Aisha largely stems from Aisha's apparent animosity towards
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The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women's Rights in Islam
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The biggest criticism that the Shi'a have of Aisha was her role in the
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but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them)
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Another example of Aisha's jealousy is found in a story regarding
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They reject Aisha's reason for the battle that she was demanding
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180:
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The Caliph and the Heretic: Ibn Saba' and the Origins of Shi'ism
395:
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797:. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Archived from
636:, The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, archived from
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Fatwa of Ali Khamenei against insulting revered Sunni figures
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and so were more accountable for their faults like jealousy.
211:
188:
112:, a renowned commentator on the Qur'an, said on this verse: "
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Shaykh Sibt Jauzi al-Hanafi, Tazkirah tul Khawwas, Page 38
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Musnad Ahmed bin Hanbal, Volume 3, Page 135, Hadith 12414
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Sheikh al-Mudhira, by Mahmoud Abu Raya, p170 (foot note)
726:
Musnad Ahmed bin Hanbal, Volume 1, page 293, Hadith 2668
672:
Islamiat for students. By: Farkhanda Noor Muhammad. p.99
869:. The State University of New York Press. p. 217.
755:. The State University of New York Press. p. 218.
357:, the third Khalifah. They quote her naming 'Uthman a
317:
were true. As he was receiving revelation from Allah.
275:, the fourth caliph, condemns jealousy in all women.
1191:
Shaykh Ibn Talha Shafiyi, Matalib al-Se'ul, Page 112
1065:
Sharh Nahjul Balagha Ibn al Hadeed Volume 2 page 122
410:
The Shi'a also usually refer to the Qur'anic verse:
97:: they were both under two of Our righteous servants
1164:
Kanz al-Ummal, Volume 16, Page 186, Tradition 44216
575:
Sunan Abu Dawud, Bab al-Nikah, Book 11, Number 2128
341:. The Shi'a view her (and all) opposition to Ali's
187:was the greatest woman while they also view her as
155:was his favorite wife due to her dedication to the
1092:Tarikh Mukhtasar al-Duwal, by Ibn Al-Ebrei, v1 p55
619:. State University of New York Press. p. 216.
162:It is generally accepted by Sunnis and Shias that
133:Marry women of your choice, Two or three or four;
39:(civil war) of the time. Her participation in the
210:Although Sunnis attribute thousands of hadith to
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353:Aisha was a key player in the rebellion against
566:Tafsir ibn Kathir, Tafsir of Surah 66, verse 10
87:Allah sets an example to those who disbelieve
1200:Ibn Sabagh Maliki in Fusul al-Muhimma, Page 72
16:Negative view of Aisha, Muhammad's third wife
1154:, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
1055:, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
1035:, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
956:. Princeton, NJ: Wiener Pub. pp. 64â65.
941:, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
373:who highlighted her sudden shift in policy:
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855:Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 60, Number 437
846:Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 60, Number 436
828:Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 63, Number 193
819:Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 63, Number 192
783:Sahih Bukhari Volume 5, Book 58, Number 166
774:Sahih Bukhari Volume 5, Book 58, Number 164
450:can implement Shari'ah (including Qisas).
124:
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1004:Rizvi, Saeed Akhtar (24 September 2015).
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589:. Columbia University Press. p. 132.
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101:Enter both the fire with those who enter.
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993:. Columbia University Press. p. 52.
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386:The Shi'a frown upon her role in the
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240:to stop him spending a long time at
1101:Al-Mahsol, by al-Razi, v. 4, p. 343
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35:'s family) and her actions in the
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1012:. Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania
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765:Sahih Muslim Book 008, Number 3453
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658:Spellberg, Denise (1994).
600:Spellberg, Denise (1994).
585:Spellberg, Denise (1994).
104:(Surah at-Tahrim, Ayah 10)
1124:. Basic Books. p. 5.
1120:Mernissi, Fatima (1992).
1006:"Shia View of the Sahaba"
867:The Charismatic Community
795:"Khadijah bint Khuwaylid"
753:The Charismatic Community
617:The Charismatic Community
339:(First Islamic civil war)
271:One hadith attributed to
222:The Charismatic Community
1237:Shia belief and doctrine
952:Walther, Wiebke (1993).
939:A'isha (614â678 CE)
880:al-Radi, Sharif (1977).
139:(Surah an-Nisa', Ayat 3)
633:Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
125:Status as favorite wife
56:Lawfulness of criticism
1215:Ayesha's role in Islam
1135:Anthony, Sean (2012).
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615:Dakake, Maria (2007).
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382:Battle of the Camel
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740:. p. 10.
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535:on 2013-05-18
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1014:. Retrieved
1010:al-islam.org
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900:. Retrieved
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89:the wife of
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48:, the first
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157:Ahl al-Bayt
37:First Fitna
29:Ahl al-Bayt
1242:Shia Islam
1231:Categories
974:7 December
902:7 December
805:30 October
703:30 October
644:30 October
539:2022-07-17
466:References
189:infallible
153:Umm Salama
1016:2 October
496:1567-2808
201:records:
175:Character
548:cite web
454:See also
343:Khalifat
330:Overview
266:Safiyyah
234:Khadijah
228:Jealousy
206:Pharaoh"
164:Khadijah
69:Muhammad
46:Abu Bakr
33:Muhammad
23:view of
371:Tabi'in
367:Sahabah
181:Fatimah
1222:Ayesha
494:
396:Talhah
359:nathal
193:hadith
81:Qur'an
61:Sunnis
50:caliph
1053:Fitna
444:Qisas
212:Aisha
65:Aisha
25:Aisha
21:Shi'a
1018:2016
976:2012
904:2012
807:2012
705:2012
646:2012
554:link
518:Web.
492:ISSN
394:and
369:and
75:and
19:The
1033:Ali
301:Ali
273:Ali
95:Lut
91:Nuh
77:Lut
73:Nuh
1233::
1041:^
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546:{{
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