45:
419:. Chǔ sent troops from Shēn and Xī to assist Cài. The high-ranking military leaders of Jìn knew that if they won this battle it would only mean the defeat of Shēn and Xī counties, not the entire State of Chǔ – if they lost it would be a major humiliation so the army decided to retreat. Academic
372:
After its absorption into the State of Chǔ, Shēn became an important northern county. At the Battle of Chéngpú, Chǔ Prime minister Chéng Déchén (成得臣) did not lead the main Chǔ army but a smaller force composed of troops from the counties of Shēn and Xī. As a result, Chéng Déchén lost the battle
236:(召伯虎), to Shen to negotiate with the Earl of Shēn and obtain part of their land for use in the public fields system (公田). The King also sent his close aide Fù Yù (傅御) to relocate the population (the Earl of Shēn's former subjects) in order to rapidly consolidate his control over the area.
345:
This man will be responsible for the death of the State of Dèng. Up to now he has overthrown the State of Shēn and when he returns he will destroy Dèng. It seems like he is biting at our navel and it is too late to form a conspiracy to deal with him. Now is the time to kill King
339:
As a result, Marquess Qí allowed him to stop in the State of Shen and provided a feast and entertainment. The officials Zhuīshēng (騅甥/骓甥), Dānshēng (聃甥) and Yǎngshēng (養甥/养甥) asked
Marquess Qí to kill King Wén but he would not hear of it whereupon the three officials replied:
392:
Xī and Lŭ are important Chŭ strategic northern frontier areas and a recruitment base for troops. If you confer these territories on Zĭchong you will no longer have direct control of the area and forfeit your military capability; the States of
423:
points out that since the two counties of Shēn and Xī had enough troops and were sufficiently powerful to deal with the State of Jin's army, it is clear that the counties were both rich and populous.
443:
232:(謝國/谢国). The enfeoffed territory of the State of Shen acted as a strategic southern gateway to the lands controlled by the Zhou Kings. King Xuan dispatched Hŭ, the Earl of
220:
The history of the State of Shen began with the bestowal of the
Earldom of Shēn (later a Marquessate) which descended from the matriarchal line of the
1381:
451:
233:
369:
to 680 BCE. As a result, the destruction of the State of Shēn must have taken place around the same time – somewhere between 688 and 680 BCE.
1034:
826:
229:
439:
258:
44:
474:
uncovered a number of the state's bronze artifacts. These included a bronze sacrificial vessel inscribed with text that scholar
795:
351:
After King Wén suppressed the State of Shēn using armed force he became caught up in a war between the State of Deng and the
458:, bringing them within the borders of his territory. After King Ping took over the throne of Chŭ, he restored the states of
434:
ascended the throne. During the reign of King Ling, after he had overthrown the State of Cài he had annexed the states of
273:(鎬京/镐京). King Yōu lit beacons to summon his nobles in defence but none came and he was subsequently killed at the foot of
228:(reigned 827 – 782 BCE), the Earl of Shēn was granted the title and lands of King Xuān's maternal uncle in the former
819:
776:
757:
261:(伯服) thereby arousing the fury of the Marquess of Shēn. As a result, in 771 BCE the Marquess of Shēn allied with the
1376:
482:(南申伯). Li further infers that the nobleman referred to is one of those mentioned in the Daya (大雅) section of the
312:(鄭武公/郑武公). She subsequently gave birth to two sons, the elder of whom, Wùsheng (寤生) would succeed his father as
964:
624:
138:
1029:
125:
1174:
1024:
812:
1286:
843:
1074:
1054:
583:’s mother came from the State of Shen, to the south of Chen and Zheng, on the approach to Jiangchu".
499:
294:
169:
483:
835:
1371:
1213:
161:
1316:
1291:
1235:
1222:
365:" traces the establishment of the counties of Shēn and Xī (息), dating the overthrow of the
313:
8:
1124:
1004:
999:
878:
402:
394:
242:
ascended the throne of Zhōu in 781 BCE. His queen and first wife was the daughter of the
1069:
746:
380:
168:(1046 – 221 BCE) ruled by the Jiāng family (姜) as an earldom. At the beginning of the
1341:
1189:
791:
772:
753:
580:
290:
225:
431:
427:
412:
309:
243:
239:
1184:
709:
Zhang
Fanbian, Ancient Chinese History Reader, Beijing University Press 2006 p112
401:
will undoubtedly break through the Chŭ frontier and attack our hinterland in the
324:
193:
1109:
387:
on Zĭchong (子重). The king's senior official Wū Chén (巫臣) remonstrated with him:
17:
528:
471:
205:
58:
1365:
1336:
1301:
1049:
1014:
928:
898:
637:
398:
303:
189:
1154:
1059:
1311:
1306:
1260:
1179:
1164:
1159:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1089:
969:
954:
903:
868:
732:
504:
470:
In the 1980s, archaeological excavations around the former Shēn capital of
459:
375:
If you return home, what will the elders of the counties of Shēn and Xī do?
332:
262:
221:
208:
bordered to the north by the Míngè Pass (冥厄關/冥厄关) and to the south by the
185:
165:
355:. What happened to the State of Shēn after this suppression is not clear.
1346:
1331:
1321:
1281:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1230:
1199:
1119:
1114:
1099:
1094:
1064:
1044:
1019:
1009:
984:
979:
959:
949:
923:
918:
908:
893:
873:
863:
858:
804:
593:
447:
416:
320:
173:
68:
1296:
1276:
1240:
1149:
1134:
1084:
1079:
1039:
944:
913:
888:
883:
576:
509:
435:
420:
384:
366:
352:
327:(楚文王) dispatched an army to attack the State of Shen. According to the
286:
282:
209:
146:
143:
133:
130:
974:
648:
620:
541:
475:
360:
328:
300:
In 761 BCE, another daughter of the
Marquess of Shēn called Wǔjiāng (
278:
247:
608:
274:
266:
197:
1194:
549:
270:
254:
151:
994:
989:
553:
545:
250:
201:
1326:
1169:
319:
During the early years of the Spring and Autumn period the
465:
462:
and Cài so that they once more became small countries.
383:
agreed to confer territory in the counties of Shēn and
49:
Shen is a state in the central-south region near Chu
192:, the State of Shēn lay to the south of modern-day
745:
204:. The state's capital stood in Wăn County (宛县) ,
1363:
820:
527:Wan (宛) is still used as an abbreviation for
301:
293:in the State of Shēn thereby ushering in the
281:(西安). Thereafter the Marquesses of Shēn and
23:, another Chinese state during the same era.
834:
827:
813:
43:
604:
602:
415:(585 CE), the State of Jìn attacked the
337:King Wén of Chu is the son of my sister.
466:Records of bronze artifact inscriptions
1382:States of the Spring and Autumn period
1364:
599:
269:(犬戎) and attacked the Zhōu capital at
257:(宜臼) and replace him with her own son
808:
172:the State of Shen was annexed by the
731:, Cultural Relics of Central China,
729:Treatise on Shen Sacrificial Vessels
331:, as the troops passed through the
13:
718:Zuo Zhuan • 13th Year of Zhao Gong
700:Zuo Zhuan • 6th Year of Cheng Gong
285:(鲁) together with Marquess Wén of
14:
1393:
540:On the border between modern day
373:whereupon King Chéng of Chŭ said
335:, Marquess Qí of Dèng remarked:
176:and became one of its counties.
785:
766:
743:
721:
712:
703:
694:
682:
670:
667:, see also the Eighteenth year
657:
642:
631:
625:Records of the Grand Historian
614:
586:
569:
156:
142:
129:
1:
562:
184:Located around the states of
363:• Fourteenth Year of Duke Ai
323:began to expand. In 688 BCE
253:wanted to oust Crown Prince
179:
7:
790:(in Chinese). 上海科学技术文献出版社.
493:
10:
1398:
534:
521:
289:(许文公) enthroned Yíjiù as
215:
15:
1269:
1221:
1212:
937:
851:
842:
302:
114:
104:
94:
90:
82:
74:
64:
54:
42:
38:?–between 688 and 680 BCE
37:
28:
787:
768:
747:
596:• Geographical Records”.
515:
500:Spring and Autumn period
295:Spring and Autumn period
170:Spring and Autumn period
16:Not to be confused with
665:6th Year of Zhuāng Gōng
653:1st Year of Lŭ Yìn Gōng
160:) was a Chinese vassal
110:between 688 and 680 BCE
1377:Ancient Chinese states
836:Ancient Chinese states
690:7th Year of Chéng Gōng
480:Count of Southern Shen
224:. During the reign of
106:• Disestablished
627:• Zhou Dynasty Annals
579:’s Book of Songs’’: “
486:in the poem entitled
426:Later on, in 529 CE,
411:In the sixth year of
65:Common languages
771:(in Chinese). 中华书局.
752:(in Chinese). 中华书局.
678:28th Year of Xī Gōng
314:Duke Zhuāng of Zhèng
139:traditional Chinese
96:• Established
478:has deciphered as
381:King Zhuāng of Chŭ
126:simplified Chinese
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1208:
1207:
797:978-7-5439-3406-1
581:King Ping of Zhou
291:King Ping of Zhou
265:(繒/缯) along with
226:King Xuān of Zhōu
118:
117:
1389:
1219:
1218:
849:
848:
829:
822:
815:
806:
805:
801:
782:
763:
751:
736:
725:
719:
716:
710:
707:
701:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
661:
655:
646:
640:
635:
629:
618:
612:
606:
597:
590:
584:
573:
538:
525:
432:King Ping of Chu
428:King Ling of Chu
413:Duke Cheng of Lu
310:Duke Wǔ of Zhèng
307:
306:
277:near modern-day
244:Marquess of Shēn
158:
149:
136:
47:
32:
26:
25:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1265:
1204:
933:
838:
833:
798:
789:
779:
770:
760:
749:
740:
739:
726:
722:
717:
713:
708:
704:
699:
695:
687:
683:
675:
671:
662:
658:
647:
643:
636:
632:
619:
615:
609:”Book of Songs”
607:
600:
591:
587:
574:
570:
565:
560:
557:
535:
532:
522:
518:
496:
468:
325:King Wén of Chŭ
267:Quănróng nomads
218:
182:
107:
97:
50:
33:
30:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1214:Warring States
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
939:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
855:
853:
846:
840:
839:
832:
831:
824:
817:
809:
803:
802:
796:
783:
777:
764:
758:
738:
737:
720:
711:
702:
693:
681:
669:
656:
641:
630:
613:
598:
585:
567:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:
539:
533:
526:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
495:
492:
467:
464:
409:
408:
349:
348:
217:
214:
202:Henan Province
181:
178:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1394:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
854:
850:
847:
845:
841:
837:
830:
825:
823:
818:
816:
811:
810:
807:
799:
793:
784:
780:
778:7-101-05144-8
774:
765:
761:
759:7-101-00262-5
755:
750:
742:
741:
734:
730:
724:
715:
706:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
666:
660:
654:
650:
645:
639:
638:Bamboo Annals
634:
628:
626:
622:
617:
610:
605:
603:
595:
589:
582:
578:
572:
568:
555:
551:
547:
543:
537:
530:
524:
520:
511:
508:
506:
505:State of Deng
503:
501:
498:
497:
491:
489:
485:
484:Book of Songs
481:
477:
473:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
406:
404:
400:
396:
390:
389:
388:
386:
382:
377:
376:
370:
368:
364:
362:
356:
354:
347:
343:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:State of Dèng
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
305:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:State of Zēng
260:
256:
252:
249:
246:. The king's
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
153:
148:
145:
140:
135:
132:
127:
123:
122:State of Shen
113:
109:
103:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
27:
22:
19:
1372:Zhou dynasty
1317:Western Zhou
1292:Eastern Zhou
1270:Minor states
1223:Seven states
1104:
938:Minor states
852:Major states
844:Zhou dynasty
735:, April 1984
733:Henan Museum
728:
723:
714:
705:
696:
689:
684:
677:
676:Zuo Zhuan •
672:
664:
663:Zuo zhuan •
659:
652:
644:
633:
623:
616:
588:
571:
536:
523:
487:
479:
469:
455:
425:
417:State of Cài
410:
391:
379:In 594 BCE,
378:
374:
371:
359:
357:
350:
344:
336:
321:State of Chŭ
318:
299:
238:
230:State of Xiè
219:
200:counties in
183:
174:State of Chu
166:Zhou dynasty
155:
121:
119:
20:
985:Western Guo
980:Eastern Guo
727:Li Xueqin,
688:Zuozhuan •
594:Book of Han
510:State of Xi
367:State of Xī
353:State of Ba
164:during the
69:Old Chinese
1366:Categories
611:Da Ya (大雅)
577:Zheng Xuan
563:References
421:Gu Jiegang
308:) married
222:Zhōu Kings
210:Huai River
75:Government
1342:Zhongshan
1190:Zhongshan
649:Zuo Zhuan
621:Sima Qian
542:Guangshui
476:Li Xueqin
454:(房国) and
430:died and
403:Han River
361:Zuo Zhuan
329:Zuo Zhuan
248:concubine
180:Territory
1005:Han (SE)
1000:Han (NW)
494:See also
488:Song Gao
240:King Yōu
198:Xīnzhèng
194:Huáiyáng
157:Shēn Guó
78:Monarchy
1195:Zhoulai
1185:Zhongli
788:徐中舒论先秦史
550:Xinyang
529:Nanyang
472:Nanyang
271:Hàojīng
216:History
206:Nányáng
83:History
59:Nanyang
55:Capital
794:
786:徐中舒.
775:
769:春秋左传研究
767:童书业.
756:
490:(崧高).
446:(沈国),
442:(胡国),
275:Líshān
251:Bāo Sì
154::
152:pinyin
141::
128::
86:
1337:Zheng
1050:Liang
1015:Huang
995:Guzhu
990:Gumie
929:Zheng
748:春秋左传注
744:杨伯峻.
554:Henan
546:Hebei
516:Notes
405:Basin
399:Zhèng
358:The "
279:Xī’ān
255:Yíjiù
190:Zhèng
162:state
31:申國/申国
1327:Yiqu
1312:Teng
1307:Song
1261:Zhao
1180:Zeng
1170:Yiqu
1165:Ying
1160:Yang
1145:Xing
1140:Xian
1130:Teng
1125:Tang
1110:Shěn
1105:Shēn
1090:Quan
1075:Peng
1055:Liao
970:Deng
955:Chao
904:Song
869:Chen
792:ISBN
773:ISBN
754:ISBN
548:and
460:Chén
456:Shēn
452:Fáng
444:Shĕn
397:and
346:Wen.
259:Bófú
234:Shao
196:and
188:and
186:Chén
120:The
18:Shěn
1347:Zou
1332:Yue
1322:Wey
1302:Shu
1287:Dai
1282:Cai
1256:Yan
1251:Wei
1246:Qin
1236:Han
1231:Chu
1200:Zou
1120:Tan
1115:Sui
1100:Ruo
1095:Rui
1065:Luo
1045:Lai
1035:Jia
1020:Huo
1010:Hua
965:Dai
960:Dao
950:Bei
924:Yue
919:Yan
909:Wey
899:Shu
894:Qin
879:Jin
874:Chu
864:Cao
859:Cai
448:Dào
395:Jìn
21:(沈)
1368::
1297:Lu
1277:Ba
1241:Qi
1175:Yu
1155:Xǔ
1150:Xu
1135:Xi
1085:Qǐ
1080:Pi
1070:Na
1060:Lü
1040:Ju
1030:Ji
1025:Ji
945:Ba
914:Wu
889:Qi
884:Lu
651:•
601:^
575:’’
552:,
544:,
450:,
440:Hú
438:,
436:Xŭ
385:Lŭ
316:.
304:武姜
297:.
287:Xŭ
283:Lŭ
212:.
150:;
137:;
975:E
828:e
821:t
814:v
800:.
781:.
762:.
592:“
556:.
531:.
407:.
147:國
144:申
134:国
131:申
124:(
100:?
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
