1513:
1467:
1559:
1000:
75:
1582:
59:
118:
454:
1490:
883:
597:
656:
4657:
1536:
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479:
1091:
1008:
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wealthiest families were trade merchants who acquired their wealth from long-distance commerce, shipbuilding and pearling. They were a cosmopolitan elite, they traveled extensively to India, Africa and Europe. The elite educated their sons abroad more than other Gulf Arab elite. Western visitors noted that Kuwait's elite used
European office systems,
2190:
1317:
in the draft Anglo-Ottoman
Convention, however this was not signed before the outbreak of the first World War. The border was revisited by a memorandum sent by the British high commissioner for Iraq in 1923, which became the basis for Kuwait's northern border. In Iraq's 1932 application to the League
1106:
In the first decades of the twentieth century, Kuwait had a well-established elite: wealthy trading families who were linked by marriage and shared economic interests. The elite were long-settled, urban, Sunni families, the majority of which claim descent from the original 30 Bani Utubi families. The
1305:
On 19 April, Sir Percy stated that the
British government recognised the outer line of the convention as the border between Iraq and Kuwait. This decision limited Iraq's access to the Persian Gulf at 58 km of mostly marshy and swampy coastline. As this would make it difficult for Iraq to become
852:
In the 1870s, Ottoman officials were reasserting their presence in the
Persian Gulf, with a military intervention in 1871โwhich was not effectively pursuedโwhere family rivalries in Kuwait were breeding chaos. The Ottomans were bankrupt and when the European banks took control of the Ottoman budget
615:
arrived in Kuwait sometime in the mid 1700s and settled after receiving permission from the Emir of Bani Khalid Sa'dun bin
Muhammad. The Utubs did not immediately settle in Kuwait however, they roamed for half a century before finally settling in Kuwait. They first left the region of central Arabia
639:
as the Sheikh of Kuwait becoming a governor of sorts underneath the Emir of Al Hasa. During this time as well, the power in governance was split between the Al Sabah, Al
Khalifa, and Al Jalahma families in which the Al Sabah will have control over the reins of power whereas the Al Khalifa were in
902:
In
January 1899, Mubarak signed an agreement with the British which pledged that Kuwait would never cede any territory nor receive agents or representatives of any foreign power without the British Government's consent. In essence, this policy gave Britain control of Kuwait's foreign policy. The
1153:
Kuwait's pearling industry also collapsed as a result of the worldwide economic depression. At its height, Kuwait's pearling industry led the world's luxury market, regularly sending out between 750 and 800 ship vessels to meet the
European elite's need for luxuries pearls. During the economic
1149:
negatively impacted Kuwait's economy starting in the late 1920s. International trading was one of Kuwait's main sources of income before oil. Kuwaiti merchants were mostly intermediary merchants. As a result of
European decline of demand for goods from India and Africa, the economy of Kuwait
1302:, "I still do not know what the border between Iraq and Kuwait is, I shall be glad if you will kindly give me this information." Major More, upon learning on 4 April that al-Sabah claimed the outer green line of the Anglo-Ottoman Convention, relayed knowledge of the claim to Sir Percy.
942:
of the Gulf" because its economic vitality attracted a large variety of people. In a good year, Kuwait's annual revenue actually came up to 100,000 riyals, the governor of Basra considered Kuwait's annual revenue an astounding figure. A Western author's account of Kuwait in 1905:
2147:
1310:(whom the British installed as king of Iraq) did not agree to the plan. However, as his country was under British mandate, he had little say in the matter. Iraq and Kuwait would formally ratify the border in August. The border was re-recognised in 1932.
1512:
923:
their main trade point, which negatively affected the
Kuwaiti economy. However, Mubarak went to Bahrain and apologised for raising taxes and the three business men returned to Kuwait. In 1915, Mubarak the Great died and was succeeded by his son
693:
took refuge in Kuwait and were partly instrumental in the expansion of Kuwait's boatbuilding and trading activities. As a result, Kuwait's maritime commerce boomed. Between the years 1775 and 1779, the Indian trade routes with Baghdad, Aleppo,
1217:
was defeated and the British invalidated the Anglo-Ottoman Convention, declaring Kuwait to be an "independent sheikhdom under British protectorate". The power vacuum, left by the fall of the Ottomans, sharpened the conflict between Kuwait and
857:, Kuwait pursued a general pro-Ottoman foreign policy, formally taking the title of Ottoman provincial governor, this relationship with the Ottoman Empire did result in Ottoman interference with Kuwaiti laws and selection or rulers.
853:
in 1881, additional income was required from Kuwait. Midhat Pasha, the governor of Iraq, demanded that Kuwait submit financially to Ottoman rule. The al-Sabah found diplomatic allies in the British Foreign Office. However, under
1048:
The convention ruled that Sheikh Mubarak had independent authority over an area extending out to a radius of 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the capital. This region was marked by a red circle and included the islands of
733:
in Kuwait in the second half of the 18th century. Kuwait became wealthy due to Basra's instability in the late 18th century. In the late 18th century, Kuwait partly functioned as a haven for Basra's merchants fleeing
1174:
in 1922, the boundaries of Kuwait and Najd were set. Kuwait had no representative at the Uqair conference. After the Uqair conference, Kuwait was still subjected to a Saudi economic blockade and intermittent Saudi
890:
Mubarak's seizure of the throne via murder left his brother's former allies as a threat to his rule, especially as his opponents gained the backing of the Ottomans. In July, Mubarak invited the British to deploy
1190:
Poverty has settled in Kuwait more heavily since my last visit five years ago, both by sea, where the pearl trade continues to decline, and by land, where the blockade established by Saudi Arabia now harms the
746:
to Kuwait. By 1800, it was estimated that Kuwait's sea trade reached 16 million Bombay rupees, a substantial amount at that time. Kuwait's pre-oil population was ethnically diverse. The population consisted of
5470:
1169:
imposed a tight trade blockade against Kuwait from the years 1923 until 1937. The goal of the Saudi economic and military attacks on Kuwait was to annex as much of Kuwait's territory as possible. At the
1195:
Some prominent merchant families left Kuwait in the early 1930s due to the prevalence of economic hardship. At the time of the discovery of oil in 1937, most of Kuwait's inhabitants were impoverished.
1233:. Kuwait was not permitted any role in the Uqair agreement, the British and Al Saud decided modern-day Kuwait's borders. After the Uqair agreement, relations between Kuwait and Najd remained hostile.
899:, in which the Ottomans demanded that the British stop interfering within what they believed to be was their sphere of influence. In the end, the Ottoman Empire backed down, rather than go to war.
585:) by Barrack bin Ghurayr, Emir of the Bani Khalid, who successfully besieged the Ottoman governor Umar Pasha who surrendered and gave up his rule as the fourth Ottoman governor of al-Hasa. After
1150:
suffered. The decline in international trade resulted in an increase in gold smuggling by Kuwaiti ships to India. Some Kuwaiti merchant families became rich due to gold smuggling to India.
778:
region in the nineteenth century until the early twentieth century. Ship vessels made in Kuwait carried the bulk of international trade between the trade ports of India, East Africa, and
4644:
844:, horses were regularly shipped by the way of sailing boats from Kuwait. In the mid 19th century, it was estimated that Kuwait was exporting an average of 800 horses to India annually.
1466:
895:
along the Kuwaiti coast. Britain saw Mubarak's desire for an alliance as an opportunity to counteract German influence in the region and so agreed. This led to what is known as the
647:'s independent rule over Kuwait and in exchange Kuwait would not ally itself or support the enemies of Bani Khalid or interfere in the internal affairs of Bani Khalid in any way.
916:
947:
Kuwait was the Marseilles of the Persian Gulf. Its population was good natured, mixed, and vicious. As it was the outlet from the north to the Gulf and hence to the Indies,
1115:
with curiosity. The richest families were involved in general trade. The merchant families of Al-Ghanim and Al-Hamad were estimated to be worth millions before the 1940s.
4455:
5835:
706:
was diverted to Kuwait in 1792, which consequently expanded Kuwait's resources beyond fishing and pearling. The English Factory secured the sea routes between Kuwait,
2173:
1326:
The 1920s and 1930s saw the collapse of the pearl fishery and with it Kuwait's economy. This is attributed to the invention of the artificial cultivation of pearls.
1045:
to Kuwait. Mubarak said he would not sell or rent any piece of his land to a foreigner and that he did not acknowledge the authority of the Ottomans over Kuwait.
5855:
2863:
896:
2098:
643:
Sometime in the 1750s, the sheikdom of Kuwait emerged after an agreement between the Sheikh of Kuwait and the Emir of Bani Khalid in which Al Hasa recognised
5477:
4833:
3314:
1073:. A green circle designated an area extending out an additional 100 kilometres (62 mi) in radius, within which the kaymakam was authorised to collect
5407:
97:
5487:
1329:
The discovery of oil in Kuwait, in 1938, revolutionised the sheikdom's economy and made it a valuable asset to Britain. In 1941 on the same day as the
5277:
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1558:
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and later lived in Sabiyya, an area bordering the north of Kuwait Bay, until finally requesting permission from the Bani Khalid to settle in Kuwait.
131:
4622:
Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
4796:
4703:
2357:
1118:
However, Kuwait immensely declined in regional economic importance, mainly due to many trade blockades and the world economic depression. Before
2794:
2320:
903:
treaty also gave Britain responsibility for Kuwait's national security. In return, Britain agreed to grant an annual subsidy of 15,000 Indian
4187:
1718:
Abu-Hakima, Ahmad Mustafa. "Bani Khalid, Rulers of Eastern Arabia." The Modern History of Kuwait, 1750-1965. London: Luzac, 1983. 2-3. Print
1318:
of Nations it included information about its borders, including its border with Kuwait, where it accepted the boundary established in 1923.
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5519:
4860:
4615:
4598:
4476:
5606:
5307:
4067:
2398:
2620:
577:
In the early to mid 1700s, Kuwait was a small fishing village known as Grane (Kureyn). The region originally came under the rule of the
5412:
4870:
3757:
3751:
2856:
5710:
5207:
4880:
3813:
1769:
Abu-Hakima, Ahmad Mustafa. "Arrival of the Utub in Kuwait." The Modern History of Kuwait, 1750-1965. London: Luzac, 1983. 3-5. Print.
1066:
5675:
4944:
1760:
Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman, and Central Arabia, Geographical, Volume 1, Historical Part 1, John Gordon Lorimer,1905, p1000
864:
Muhammad Al-Sabah was assassinated by his half-brother, Mubarak, who, in early 1897, was recognized, by the Ottoman sultan, as the
660:
74:
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2297:
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2130:
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2002:
1903:
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After the arrival of the Bani Utbah, Kuwait gradually became a principal commercial centre for the transit of goods between
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Constancy and Change in Contemporary Kuwait City: The Socio-cultural Dimensions of the Kuwait Courtyard and Diwaniyya
2157:
1953:
5402:
4053:
4040:
2090:
1023:
328:
117:
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4269:
4000:
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302:
5524:
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999:
276:
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5583:
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4865:
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3329:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
3226:
3158:
1334:
179:
5361:
5143:
4892:
4173:
3623:
3547:
3523:
3517:
2877:
1313:
In 1913, Kuwait was recognised as a separate province from Basra Vilayet and given autonomy under Ottoman
624:
in December 1701. Living as brigands, raiding passing caravans and levying taxes over the shipping of the
5769:
5733:
5715:
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5653:
5168:
4590:
4256:
3106:
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at Al-Jahra, defended by 2,000 Kuwaiti men. The Kuwaitis were largely outnumbered by the Ikhwan of Najd.
2091:"The Hypothetical Population Pattern of the Population Growth of the State of Kuwait in the pre-oil era"
1226:). The war resulted in sporadic border clashes throughout 1919โ1920. Several hundreds of Kuwaitis died.
5428:
4733:
4328:
4105:
4079:
3976:
3745:
2497:
1587:
1042:
984:
682:. By the late-1700s, Kuwait had already established itself as a trading route from the Persian Gulf to
235:
2353:
4818:
4619:; Ascension Island (1922โ) and Tristan da Cunha (1938โ) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
4262:
4218:
3940:
3651:
3326:
3296:
3054:
1818:
Kuwait became an important trading port for import and export of goods from India, Africa and Arabia.
1541:
1256:
1131:
1022:
Despite the Kuwaiti government's desire to either be independent or under British protection, in the
932:
540:
between 1899 and 1961 following the Anglo-Kuwaiti agreement of 1899. This agreement was made between
2778:
2576:
2472:
2425:
2272:
2076:
2024:
1975:
1925:
1875:
1799:
907:(ยฃ1,500) to the ruling family. In 1910, Mubarak raised taxes. Therefore, three wealthy business men
58:
5576:
5335:
5324:
4806:
4443:
4151:
4098:
4006:
3964:
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1264:
1210:
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4316:
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3934:
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3585:
3529:
2908:
1564:
1295:
1003:
Map with red circle and green circle boundaries according to the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913
756:
620:, after a quarrel between them and some inhabitants of the region they departed and settled near
586:
315:
289:
640:
charge of trade and the flow of money, and the Jalahma would be in charge over work in the sea.
5385:
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4772:
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1291:
1230:
1171:
519:
175:
5631:
2672:
2642:
2440:
2382:
2287:
2225:
2044:
1729:
1333:(22 June) the British took total control over Iraq and Kuwait. (The British and Soviets would
5392:
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4902:
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4276:
3431:
3208:
3190:
2999:
2933:
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2710:
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2240:
2120:
1992:
1943:
1893:
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136:
8:
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1395:
1204:
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1119:
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of the Ottoman Empire and that the Sheikhs of Kuwait were independent leaders as well as
738:
persecution. Economic prosperity in the late 18th century attracted many immigrants from
578:
459:
367:
263:
5725:
4777:
1581:
628:. Due to these practices, they were driven out of the area by the Ottoman Mutasallim of
5648:
4907:
4784:
4760:
4306:
4288:
4228:
4119:
3845:
3807:
3783:
3764:
3655:
3202:
3128:
3094:
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2902:
2766:
2564:
2460:
2413:
2260:
2064:
2012:
1963:
1913:
1863:
1787:
810:
735:
703:
186:
5173:
2816:
1671:
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5621:
4974:
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3134:
3064:
2752:
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2550:
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2388:
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2246:
2218:
2153:
2126:
2094:
2050:
1998:
1949:
1899:
1849:
1735:
1613:
1602:
1518:
1431:
1377:
1306:
a naval power (the territory did not include any deepwater harbours), the Iraqi King
1299:
925:
908:
644:
636:
220:
191:
1294:
which defined the boundaries between Iraq, Kuwait and Nejd. On 1 April 1923, Shaikh
1286:
In response to the various Bedouin raids, the British High Commissioner in Baghdad,
1026:, the British concurred with the Ottoman Empire in defining Kuwait as an autonomous
983:
came to Kuwait. From Kuwait, the caravans set out for Central Arabia and for Syria.
919:(brother of Hussain Ali bin Saif Al-Roumi), led a protest against Mubarak by making
5638:
5397:
5195:
4728:
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4540:
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1307:
1271:
1146:
1112:
1038:
980:
912:
877:
544:
80:
5001:
2871:
1154:
depression, luxuries like pearls were in little demand. The Japanese invention of
1122:
visited Kuwait in 1934, Kuwait lost its prominence in long-distance trade. During
840:, all destined for lucrative European markets. Kuwait was also significant in the
5643:
5497:
5438:
5200:
4959:
4576:
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4282:
4073:
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1248:
1242:
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1012:
556:
510:
354:
341:
161:
104:
1041:
to the German team who requested an audience with him over the extension of the
1037:
The independence of Kuwait was also highlighted by the statement made by Sheikh
928:, who reigned for just over one year until his death in early 1917. His brother
5705:
5658:
4712:
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4294:
3910:
3839:
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3485:
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2502:
2322:
Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait
1214:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1058:
1054:
972:
809:. Sharq and Jibla were the most populated areas. Sharq was mostly inhabited by
752:
729:
Kuwait's strategic location and regional geopolitical turbulence helped foster
714:. This allowed Kuwaiti vessels to venture all the way to the pearling banks of
699:
589:
Kuwait become nominal vassal of The Ottoman Empire in 1875 was included in the
552:
534:
380:
201:
157:
64:
5829:
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5380:
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3387:
1535:
1489:
1099:
1062:
976:
882:
841:
837:
802:
798:
771:
625:
601:
590:
425:
5263:
5512:
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5372:
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4240:
3801:
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2802:
1050:
825:
787:
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690:
671:
655:
629:
596:
582:
537:
659:
A map of Kuwait in 1874 according to Scottish geographer and cartographer
5312:
5021:
4887:
4649:
4145:
4046:
3857:
3461:
3361:
3076:
3070:
2606:
The Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and the Economics of the New World Order
1731:
Basra, the Failed Gulf State: Separatism And Nationalism in Southern Iraq
1251:
was a battle during the Kuwait-Najd Border War. The battle took place in
1183:
1123:
1108:
790:
for quality and design. Kuwaitis also developed a reputation as the best
748:
719:
605:
548:
147:
5561:
5185:
3922:
3903:
3646:
3425:
3044:
2964:
2384:
The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf, 1745โ1900
2046:
The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf, 1745โ1900
1314:
730:
612:
410:
402:
5028:
2546:
Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar
5556:
5329:
5256:
5239:
5033:
4568:
3421:
3170:
2957:
1287:
948:
939:
764:
715:
530:
194:
4912:
635:
The head of each family in the village of Kuwait gathered and chose
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3391:
3318:
3304:
3300:
3270:
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1031:
1016:
968:
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726:
carrying goods between Basra, Baghdad and Aleppo during 1775โ1779.
621:
420:
5507:
5112:
2745:
Casey, Michael S.; Thackeray, Frank W.; Findling, John E. (2007).
1142:. The British economic blockade heavily damaged Kuwait's economy.
5502:
5272:
5246:
4927:
4922:
4681:
4405:
3738:
3698:
3291:
3048:
3007:
1229:
The border of the Najd and Kuwait was finally established by the
1074:
964:
920:
892:
818:
791:
779:
675:
581:
in 1670 after the expulsion of the Ottomans from Eastern Arabia (
5492:
1158:
also contributed to the collapse of Kuwait's pearling industry.
5774:
5251:
5234:
5082:
4415:
3790:
3555:
3333:
2938:
1260:
1223:
1090:
956:
952:
929:
861:
806:
711:
695:
683:
679:
541:
497:
472:
398:
32:
1945:
Waqai-i manazil-i Rum: Tipu Sultan's mission to Constantinople
1007:
3916:
3638:
3110:
2674:
The Arabian Mission's Story: In Search of Abraham's Other Son
1095:
1070:
960:
904:
833:
783:
707:
667:
617:
406:
171:
2708:
551:, primarily as a defensive measure against threats from the
5268:
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2328:(PhD). Newcastle University. pp. 13โ14. Archived from
1618:
1219:
1027:
814:
760:
743:
739:
2145:
1080:
1094:
A piece of clothing used by Kuwaiti divers searching for
2192:
Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde, Volume 130
1892:
Bennis, Phyllis; Moushabeck, Michel (31 December 1990).
1186:
wrote about the extent of poverty in Kuwait at the time:
1898:. Interlink Publishing Group Incorporated. p. 42.
813:. Jibla was inhabited by immigrants from Saudi Arabia,
2744:
1034:(provincial sub-governors) of the Ottoman government.
847:
4521:
3654:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
782:. Boats made in Kuwait were capable of sailing up to
786:. Kuwaiti ship vessels were renowned throughout the
524:
38:
2212:
1780:
Shadows on the Sand: The Memoirs of Sir Gawain Bell
1298:wrote the British Political Agent in Kuwait, Major
1255:, west of Kuwait City on October 10, 1920, between
2634:
2602:
2242:The Postal Agencies in Eastern Arabia and the Gulf
2217:
938:Under the rule of Mubarak, Kuwait was dubbed the "
5836:Former British colonies and protectorates in Asia
2286:ฬGoston, Ga ฬbor A.; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009).
5827:
2670:
2518:Kumar, India and the Persian Gulf Region, p.157.
2122:Kuwait, 1945โ1996: An Anglo-American Perspective
1994:Constancy and Change in Contemporary Kuwait City
1891:
1845:Constancy and Change in Contemporary Kuwait City
1754:
1345:
1130:imposed a trade blockade against Kuwait because
689:During the Persian siege of Basra in 1775โ1779,
533:during the pre-oil era. The sheikhdom became a
2285:
1703:
1646:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFAnscombe1997 (
1198:
5856:States and territories disestablished in 1961
4697:
4181:
2857:
1727:
4616:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4599:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4477:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2118:
1637:
1635:
1633:
821:. Mirgab was lightly populated by butchers.
26:
994:
4704:
4690:
4188:
4174:
2864:
2850:
2188:
2152:. Books for Libraries Press. p. 150.
1132:Kuwait's ruler (Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah)
824:Kuwait was a central part of the trade in
116:
2644:A Political Chronology of the Middle East
2640:
2238:
1987:
1985:
1721:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1630:
3660:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
2821:The Persian Gulf States: A Country Study
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2038:
2036:
2034:
1641:
1089:
1006:
998:
881:
654:
595:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2542:
1887:
1885:
1081:History as a Protected State of Britain
5828:
4645:Historical flags of the British Empire
4629:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
2808:
2501:. 1905. pp. 18โ19. Archived from
2484:
2482:
2438:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2042:
1982:
1895:Beyond the Storm: A Gulf Crisis Reader
1654:
1270:A force of 4,000 Saudi Ikhwan, led by
1085:
616:and settled themselves in what is now
555:. After 1961, the sheikdom became the
4685:
4520:
4432:
4169:
3678:
3350:
3025:
2921:
2845:
2709:Mohammad Khalid A. Al-Jassar (2009).
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2666:
2664:
2583:
2521:
2224:. University of Texas Press. p.
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2031:
1941:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1814:สปAlam-i Nisvฤแน - Volume 2, Issues 1-2
1281:
868:(provincial sub-governor) of Kuwait.
797:Kuwait was divided into three areas:
722:. Kuwait was also the center for all
2729:
1937:
1935:
1882:
1676:Persian Gulf States: A Country Study
871:
4456:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
3299:. British Cameroons is now part of
2814:
2479:
2371:
2346:
2306:
2146:Richard Harlakenden Sanger (1970).
2112:
1772:
1669:
1209:The KuwaitโNajd War erupted in the
848:Assassination of Muhammad Bin Sabah
572:
514:
108:
27:
13:
5129:(reform and constitutional period)
4711:
3315:unilaterally declared independence
3010:1708โ1757, 1763โ1782 and 1798โ1802
2691:
2661:
2289:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
2199:
2083:
1823:
1236:
650:
14:
5867:
5017:List of Ottoman sultans' consorts
4980:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
4522:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
4501:Occupied by Argentina during the
4433:
3679:
2827:from the original on 29 June 2011
1932:
1682:from the original on 29 June 2011
1340:
5012:List of Ottoman sultans' mothers
4665:
4656:
4655:
4068:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1580:
1557:
1534:
1511:
1488:
1465:
1024:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913
477:
452:
329:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913
73:
57:
16:Middle Eastern state (1752โ1961)
5846:KuwaitโUnited Kingdom relations
5093:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
2785:
2623:from the original on 2023-01-13
2512:
2432:
2401:from the original on 2021-02-06
2360:from the original on 2014-01-01
2279:
2232:
2182:
2166:
2139:
2101:from the original on 2013-10-02
1806:
975:and Jews, traders from all the
718:and trade goods with India and
303:Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899
122:Territorial evolution of Kuwait
5851:1961 disestablishments in Asia
4834:Persecution of Ottoman Muslims
4564:Australian Antarctic Territory
3420:since 1965 (before as part of
3417:British Indian Ocean Territory
3303:, while Tanganyika is part of
2937:since 1960 (before as part of
2220:Doctor Mary in Arabia: Memoirs
1763:
1712:
1694:
1353:
1321:
1:
2381:Fattah, Hala Mundhir (1997).
2175:Kuwait Today: A Welfare State
2043:Fattah, Hala Mundhir (1997).
1624:
1346:Sheikhs of Kuwait (1752โ1961)
917:Shamlan Ali bin Saif Al-Roumi
567:
379:โข Independence from the
2878:British Overseas Territories
2792:The blood red place of Jahra
1337:in September of that year).
1335:invade the neighbouring Iran
1102:Marine Museum in Kuwait City
1077:and taxes from the natives.
132:Vassal of The Ottoman Empire
7:
5278:Vassal and tributary states
4591:British Antarctic Territory
4301:Western Pacific Territories
4195:
2817:"Kuwait โ Persian Gulf War"
2603:Mary Ann Tรฉtreault (1995).
2442:The Persian Gulf in History
2387:. SUNY Press. p. 181.
2049:. SUNY Press. p. 114.
1948:. Aakar Books. p. 18.
1607:
1473:Muhammad bin Sabah Al-Sabah
1331:German invasion of the USSR
1199:KuwaitโNajd War (1919โ1920)
602:Al-Hashemi-II Marine Museum
549:British Government in India
525:
39:
10:
5872:
4329:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
3746:British Arctic Territories
3026:
2922:
1600:
1588:Abdullah al-Salim al-Sabah
1240:
1202:
875:
562:
236:Abdullah al-Salim al-Sabah
5792:
5752:
5724:
5691:
5592:
5547:
5538:
5455:
5421:
5371:
5299:
5290:
5227:
5159:
5121:
5060:
5049:
4952:
4943:
4851:
4844:
4797:Decline and modernization
4719:
4640:
4609:
4569:Commonwealth of Australia
4527:
4516:
4487:
4439:
4428:
4394:
4201:
4165:
3971:Newfoundland and Labrador
3685:
3674:
3652:League of Nations mandate
3633:
3357:
3346:
3327:Lancaster House Agreement
3297:League of Nations mandate
3286:
3032:
3021:
2928:
2917:
2884:
2671:Lewis R. Scudder (1998).
2445:. Springer. p. 272.
2292:. Infobase. p. 321.
2125:. Routledge. p. XV.
1542:Salim al-Mubarak al-Sabah
1257:Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah
933:Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah
770:Kuwait was the center of
702:were diverted to Kuwait.
493:
431:
419:
394:
390:
377:
364:
351:
338:
325:
312:
299:
286:
273:
262:โข Independence from
260:
256:
248:
244:
229:
214:
210:
200:
185:
167:
153:
143:
127:
115:
91:
53:
48:
21:
5325:Six Divisions of Cavalry
4861:Foreign Affairs Ministry
4099:Turks and Caicos Islands
3406:(protectorate) 1907โ1949
3351:
2981:(integrated into the UK)
2356:. Eleanor Archer. 2013.
2354:"Kuwait: A Trading City"
2245:. Lulu.com. p. 93.
2239:Donaldson, Neil (2008).
1942:Hasan, Mohibbul (2007).
1848:. 2009. pp. 66โ71.
1267:, king of Saudi Arabia.
1265:Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
1211:Aftermath of World War I
995:Anglo-Ottoman convention
661:Alexander Keith Johnston
5318:Agha of the Janissaries
4965:List of Ottoman sultans
4382:1919โ1942 and 1945โ1968
4207:18th and 19th centuries
4023:Queen Charlotte Islands
3983:North-Western Territory
3955:1665โ1674 and 1702โ1776
3558:1781โ1784 and 1795โ1819
3223:1923โ1965 and 1979โ1980
2909:Commonwealth of Nations
2823:. Library of Congress.
1678:. Library of Congress.
1672:"Kuwait: Ruling Family"
1565:Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah
710:and the east coasts of
587:Al-Hasa Expedition 1871
290:Al-Hasa Expedition 1871
5841:20th century in Kuwait
5520:Science and technology
4970:Roman succession claim
4132:West Indies Federation
3321:) and continued as an
2907:Current member of the
2543:Crystal, Jill (1995).
1734:. LIT Verlag Mรผnster.
1728:Reidar Visser (2005).
1292:Uqair Protocol of 1922
1231:Uqair Protocol of 1922
1193:
1103:
1043:BerlinโBaghdad railway
1019:
1004:
992:
887:
663:
608:
5393:Dragoman of the Fleet
5108:Dragoman of the Porte
4898:Armenian Constitution
4785:Stagnation and reform
4054:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3325:state until the 1979
2934:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2748:The History of Kuwait
2149:The Arabian Peninsula
2119:Miriam Joyce (2006).
1601:Further information:
1188:
1093:
1010:
1002:
945:
886:Mubarak al-Sabah 1903
885:
794:in the Persian Gulf.
658:
599:
154:Common languages
5113:Outer Palace Service
5029:Inner Palace Service
4582:Realm of New Zealand
4580:(transferred to the
4567:(transferred to the
4400:Realm of New Zealand
4001:Prince Edward Island
3879:1671โ1816, 1833โ1960
2994:Malta (Protectorate)
1782:. 1983. p. 222.
1450:Abdullah II al-Sabah
1259:ruler of Kuwait and
897:First Kuwaiti Crisis
855:Abdullah II Al-Sabah
611:The families of the
137:British Protectorate
5308:Classic period army
5149:Chamber of Deputies
5124:Imperial Government
4613:Since 2009 part of
4505:of AprilโJune 1982.
4092:Trinidad and Tobago
3706:Antigua and Barbuda
3606:Straits Settlements
2439:Potter, L. (2009).
2214:Mary Bruins Allison
2189:M. Nijhoff (1974).
2178:. 1963. p. 89.
1396:Abdullah I al-Sabah
1120:Mary Bruins Allison
1086:Collapse of economy
731:economic prosperity
704:The English Factory
579:Bani Khalid Emirate
526:Mashฤซkhat al-Kuwayt
507:Sheikhdom of Kuwait
460:Bani Khalid Emirate
368:Battle of Al-Regeai
316:Kuwaiti-Rashidi War
277:Invasion of Bahrain
40:Mashฤซkhat al-Kuwayt
23:Sheikhdom of Kuwait
4935:Translation Office
4819:2nd Constitutional
4807:1st Constitutional
4761:Sultanate of Women
3765:Cape Breton Island
3656:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
3498:Unfederated States
3313:Southern Rhodesia
2903:Commonwealth realm
2797:2012-06-05 at the
2641:David Lea (2001).
1282:The Uqair protocol
1104:
1020:
1005:
888:
736:Ottoman government
664:
609:
5821:
5820:
5788:
5787:
5780:Star and crescent
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5286:
5285:
5223:
5222:
4975:Ottoman Caliphate
4856:Foreign relations
4679:
4678:
4636:
4635:
4512:
4511:
4444:Providence Island
4424:
4423:
4389:
4388:
4257:Western Australia
4225:Van Diemen's Land
4161:
4160:
4138:Associated States
3836:Columbia District
3670:
3669:
3524:Manila and Cavite
3342:
3341:
3221:Southern Rhodesia
3215:South-West Africa
3165:Northern Rhodesia
3077:Cape of Good Hope
3017:
3016:
2897:Current territory
2758:978-1-57356-747-3
2722:978-1-109-22934-9
2684:978-0-8028-4616-7
2654:978-1-85743-115-5
2616:978-0-89930-510-3
2556:978-0-521-46635-6
2452:978-0-230-61845-9
2394:978-0-7914-3113-9
2299:978-1-4381-1025-7
2252:978-1-4092-0942-3
2132:978-1-135-22806-4
2095:Kuwait University
2056:978-0-7914-3113-9
2004:978-1-109-22934-9
1905:978-0-940793-82-8
1855:978-1-109-22934-9
1741:978-3-8258-8799-5
1614:History of Kuwait
1603:History of Kuwait
1599:
1598:
1549:22 February 1921
1523:28 November 1915
1519:Jaber II al-Sabah
1503:28 November 1915
1432:Sabah II al-Sabah
1378:Sabah I bin Jaber
1322:1920s–1940s
1138:, who was in the
926:Jaber II Al-Sabah
909:Ibrahim Al-Mudhaf
872:Mubarak the Great
645:Sabah I bin Jaber
637:Sabah I bin Jaber
523:
503:
502:
489:
488:
485:
484:
465:
464:
240:
231:โข 1950โ1961
225:
221:Sabah I bin Jaber
216:โข 1752โ1776
98:Al-Salam al-Emiri
5863:
5552:Social structure
5545:
5544:
5398:Imperial Arsenal
5297:
5296:
5131:
5070:
5068:(classic period)
5063:Imperial Council
5058:
5057:
4950:
4949:
4849:
4848:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4669:
4659:
4658:
4624:Antarctic Treaty
4585:
4572:
4557:Falkland Islands
4549:Tristan da Cunha
4541:Ascension Island
4518:
4517:
4469:Falkland Islands
4430:
4429:
4398:Now part of the
4270:Pitcairn Islands
4235:Auckland Islands
4204:
4203:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4152:Windward Islands
4106:Vancouver Island
3883:MassachusettsBay
3752:British Columbia
3676:
3675:
3492:Federated States
3348:
3347:
3258:Tristan da Cunha
3227:Southern Nigeria
3159:Northern Nigeria
3038:Ascension Island
3023:
3022:
2982:
2919:
2918:
2893:Former territory
2890:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2812:
2806:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2770:
2762:
2742:
2727:
2726:
2706:
2689:
2688:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2609:. pp. 2โ3.
2600:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2540:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2494:
2490:"Lord of Arabia"
2486:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2456:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2304:
2303:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2223:
2210:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2040:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2016:
2008:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1840:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1667:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1592:29 January 1950
1584:
1572:29 January 1950
1561:
1546:5 February 1917
1538:
1526:5 February 1917
1515:
1496:Mubarak al-Sabah
1492:
1469:
1414:Jaber I al-Sabah
1355:
1350:
1349:
1272:Faisal Al-Dawish
1172:Uqair conference
1147:Great Depression
1113:European culture
1039:Mubarak Al-Sabah
967:from Aleppo and
913:Helal Al-Mutairi
878:Mubarak al-Sabah
573:Early settlement
545:Mubarak Al-Sabah
528:
518:
516:
481:
480:
469:
468:
456:
455:
449:
448:
433:
432:
415:
321:17 December 1900
238:
223:
120:
110:
77:
61:
42:
30:
29:
19:
18:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5817:
5784:
5748:
5720:
5687:
5588:
5577:Ottoman Turkish
5534:
5443:
5417:
5367:
5362:Modernized army
5346:Sekban-i Djedid
5282:
5219:
5174:Shaykh al-Islฤm
5155:
5132:
5127:
5126:
5117:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5045:
4960:Ottoman dynasty
4939:
4840:
4715:
4710:
4680:
4675:
4632:
4605:
4579:
4577:Ross Dependency
4566:
4523:
4508:
4483:
4435:
4420:
4390:
4385:
4341:
4336:Solomon Islands
4283:North Australia
4263:South Australia
4219:New South Wales
4197:
4194:
4157:
3877:Leeward Islands
3681:
3666:
3629:
3536:Muscat and Oman
3353:
3338:
3282:
3028:
3013:
2980:
2924:
2913:
2888:
2880:
2870:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2815:Crystal, Jill.
2813:
2809:
2799:Wayback Machine
2790:
2786:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2743:
2730:
2723:
2707:
2692:
2685:
2677:. p. 104.
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:. p. 142.
2639:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2617:
2601:
2584:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2541:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2498:H. C. Armstrong
2492:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2437:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2395:
2379:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2307:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2268:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2237:
2233:
2211:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2041:
2032:
2020:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1940:
1933:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1890:
1883:
1871:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1795:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:Ibn Agil, p. 78
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1670:Crystal, Jill.
1668:
1655:
1645:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1610:
1605:
1348:
1343:
1324:
1284:
1276:Kuwait Red Fort
1274:, attacked the
1249:Battle of Jahra
1245:
1243:Battle of Jahra
1239:
1237:Battle of Jahra
1207:
1205:KuwaitโNajd War
1201:
1163:KuwaitโNajd War
1156:cultured pearls
1088:
1083:
1013:Kuwait Red Fort
997:
985:H. C. Armstrong
935:succeeded him.
880:
874:
850:
811:Persians (Ajam)
691:Iraqi merchants
653:
651:Economic growth
575:
570:
565:
557:state of Kuwait
478:
473:State of Kuwait
453:
413:
409:
405:
383:
373:28 January 1928
370:
360:10 October 1920
357:
355:Battle of Jahra
344:
342:Battle of Hamdh
331:
318:
308:23 January 1899
305:
292:
279:
266:
232:
217:
174:
162:Kuwaiti Persian
160:
135:
123:
102:
100:
96:
87:
86:
85:
83:
78:
70:
69:
67:
62:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5869:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5793:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5730:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5598:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5377:
5375:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5341:Nizam-i Djedid
5332:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5303:
5301:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5266:
5264:Mutasarrifates
5261:
5260:
5259:
5249:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5135:
5133:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5103:Reis รผl-Kรผttab
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5061:
5055:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5039:Palace Schools
5036:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4987:Imperial Harem
4984:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4956:
4954:
4953:House of Osman
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4852:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4773:Decline thesis
4768:Transformation
4765:
4764:
4763:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4749:Constantinople
4746:
4741:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4713:Ottoman Empire
4709:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4686:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4663:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4627:
4620:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4499:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4450:Willoughbyland
4447:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4351:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4266:
4260:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4222:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4113:Virgin Islands
4109:
4103:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4080:South Carolina
4077:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3977:North Carolina
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3911:Mosquito Coast
3908:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3840:Oregon Country
3833:
3829:Cayman Islands
3825:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3811:
3805:
3799:
3787:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3658:
3649:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3618:Trucial States
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3365:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3330:
3311:Self-governing
3308:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3083:Central Africa
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2974:
2971:Ionian Islands
2968:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2874:British Empire
2869:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2807:
2784:
2757:
2751:. p. 57.
2728:
2721:
2715:. p. 80.
2690:
2683:
2660:
2653:
2633:
2615:
2582:
2555:
2549:. p. 37.
2520:
2511:
2508:on 2012-05-12.
2478:
2451:
2431:
2393:
2370:
2345:
2305:
2298:
2278:
2251:
2231:
2198:
2195:. p. 111.
2181:
2165:
2158:
2138:
2131:
2111:
2082:
2055:
2030:
2003:
1997:. p. 68.
1981:
1954:
1931:
1904:
1881:
1854:
1822:
1816:. p. 18.
1805:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1740:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1653:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:29 March 1921
1567:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:November 1866
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1439:November 1866
1437:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:List of Rulers
1339:
1323:
1320:
1296:Ahmad al-Sabah
1290:, imposed the
1283:
1280:
1241:Main article:
1238:
1235:
1215:Ottoman Empire
1203:Main article:
1200:
1197:
1165:of 1919โ1920,
1161:Following the
1140:Central Powers
1136:Ottoman Empire
1134:supported the
1128:British Empire
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
996:
993:
989:Lord of Arabia
876:Main article:
873:
870:
849:
846:
700:Constantinople
678:, Persia, and
652:
649:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
553:Ottoman Empire
501:
500:
495:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
475:
466:
463:
462:
457:
445:
444:
439:
429:
428:
423:
417:
416:
396:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:United Kingdom
378:
375:
374:
371:
365:
362:
361:
358:
352:
349:
348:
345:
339:
336:
335:
332:
326:
323:
322:
319:
313:
310:
309:
306:
300:
297:
296:
293:
287:
284:
283:
280:
274:
271:
270:
267:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
241:
233:
230:
227:
226:
218:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
198:
197:
189:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
158:Kuwaiti Arabic
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
129:
125:
124:
121:
113:
112:
109:ุงูุณูุงู
ุงูุฃู
ูุฑู
101:"Emiri Salute"
89:
88:
79:
72:
71:
63:
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5868:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5824:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5723:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:Ottoman court
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5408:Naval battles
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5381:Kapudan Pasha
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5336:Reform period
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5048:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4997:Haseki sultan
4995:
4993:
4992:Valide sultan
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:United States
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4847:
4843:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4756:Classical Age
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Osman's Dream
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4519:
4515:
4504:
4503:Falklands War
4500:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4434:South America
4431:
4427:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4323:Union Islands
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4035:Rupert's Land
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3995:Paulet affair
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3941:New Hampshire
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3929:New Brunswick
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3680:North America
3677:
3673:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3600:South Vietnam
3598:
3595:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2566:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2515:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2474:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2415:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2377:
2375:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2335:on 2013-10-19
2331:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2159:9780836953442
2155:
2151:
2150:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2026:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1965:
1957:
1955:9788187879565
1951:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1915:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1801:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1700:Fattah, p. 83
1697:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1643:
1642:Anscombe 1997
1638:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1595:19 June 1961
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:Sir Percy Cox
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1263:followers of
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1111:and followed
1110:
1101:
1100:Al-Hashemi-II
1097:
1092:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1001:
991:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:, Armenians,
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
944:
941:
936:
934:
931:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
900:
898:
894:
884:
879:
869:
867:
863:
860:In May 1896,
858:
856:
845:
843:
839:
838:Indian spices
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:boat building
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
741:
737:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
662:
657:
648:
646:
641:
638:
633:
631:
627:
626:Shatt al-Arab
623:
619:
614:
607:
603:
598:
594:
592:
591:Basra Vilayet
588:
584:
580:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:
539:
536:
532:
527:
521:
512:
508:
499:
496:
494:Today part of
492:
476:
474:
471:
470:
467:
461:
458:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
424:
422:
421:ISO 3166 code
418:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
376:
372:
369:
363:
359:
356:
350:
346:
343:
337:
333:
330:
324:
320:
317:
311:
307:
304:
298:
294:
291:
285:
281:
278:
272:
268:
265:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
237:
234:
228:
222:
219:
213:
209:
205:
203:
199:
196:
193:
190:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
138:
133:
130:
126:
119:
114:
106:
99:
94:
90:
82:
76:
66:
60:
52:
47:
43:
41:
34:
20:
5823:
5810:
5805:Bibliography
5803:
5796:
5765:Coat of arms
5739:Christianity
5693:Demographics
5676:of Armenians
5617:Illumination
5602:Architecture
5483:Central bank
5434:Conscription
5360:
5351:Mansure Army
5334:
5306:
5213:Hakham Bashi
5181:Christianity
5128:
5078:Grand Vizier
5067:
4919:Civil codes
4893:Constitution
4739:Ghaza thesis
4614:
4597:
4589:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4533:Saint Helena
4531:
4475:
4467:
4317:Cook Islands
4268:
4241:New Hebrides
4210:20th century
4126:West Florida
4111:
4097:
4029:Rhode Island
4007:Pennsylvania
3965:Newfoundland
3902:
3827:
3777:East Florida
3748:16th c.โ1880
3737:
3689:
3586:Crown Colony
3574:Pulo Condore
3548:Crown Colony
3542:North Borneo
3473:
3415:
3374:Protectorate
3323:unrecognised
3317:in 1965 (as
3256:
3209:South Africa
3197:Sierra Leone
3184:Saint Helena
3182:
3177:Orange River
3055:Bechuanaland
3036:
2956:
2932:
2896:
2876:and Current
2829:. Retrieved
2820:
2810:
2803:Kuwait Times
2787:
2747:
2711:
2673:
2643:
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2605:
2545:
2514:
2503:the original
2496:
2441:
2434:
2403:. Retrieved
2383:
2362:. Retrieved
2348:
2337:. Retrieved
2330:the original
2321:
2288:
2281:
2241:
2234:
2219:
2191:
2184:
2174:
2168:
2148:
2141:
2121:
2114:
2103:. Retrieved
2085:
2045:
1993:
1944:
1894:
1844:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1745:. Retrieved
1730:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1675:
1500:17 May 1896
1480:17 May 1896
1477:29 May 1892
1457:29 May 1892
1364:Reign start
1328:
1325:
1312:
1304:
1285:
1269:
1246:
1228:
1208:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1117:
1105:
1047:
1036:
1021:
988:
963:, Persians,
946:
937:
901:
889:
865:
859:
851:
826:frankincense
823:
796:
788:Indian Ocean
776:Persian Gulf
769:
728:
688:
665:
642:
634:
610:
583:Lahsa Eyalet
576:
538:protectorate
515:ู
ุดูุฎุฉ ุงููููุช
506:
504:
442:Succeeded by
441:
436:
386:19 June 1961
334:29 July 1913
282:23 July 1783
176:Christianity
92:
81:Coat of Arms
37:
28:ู
ุดูุฎุฉ ุงููููุช
5632:Shadow play
5478:Agriculture
5471:Reformation
5467:Enlargement
5313:Janissaries
5022:Kizlar Agha
5007:Hanฤฑmefendi
5002:Kadฤฑnefendi
4814:Dissolution
4744:Interregnum
4650:Anglosphere
4368:New Zealand
4277:New Zealand
4146:West Jersey
4061:Saint Lucia
4047:Saint Kitts
4041:Saint Croix
4021:1763โ1791*
3989:Nova Scotia
3935:New England
3891:, 1691โ1776
3858:East Jersey
3846:Connecticut
3725:Bay Islands
3612:Transjordan
3530:Mesopotamia
3368:Afghanistan
3362:Aden Colony
3147:Niger Coast
3113:) 1874โ1957
3089:East Africa
3071:Cape Colony
3061:) 1884โ1966
3051:) 1868โ1966
2775:|work=
2573:|work=
2469:|work=
2422:|work=
2269:|work=
2073:|work=
2021:|work=
1972:|work=
1922:|work=
1872:|work=
1796:|work=
1644:, p. 6
1403:3 May 1814
1213:, when the
1184:Freya Stark
1124:World War I
1109:typewriters
979:, and some
842:horse trade
828:from Oman,
720:East Africa
606:Kuwait City
437:Preceded by
347:18 May 1920
264:Bani Khalid
148:Kuwait City
139:(1899โ1961)
134:(1871โ1899)
84:(1956โ1961)
68:(1940โ1961)
5830:Categories
5649:Literature
5562:Ottomanism
5257:Sanjakbeys
5240:Beylerbeys
5228:Provincial
4945:Government
4908:Family law
4602:since 1908
4594:since 1908
4560:since 1833
4552:since 1816
4544:since 1815
4536:since 1658
4493:department
4480:since 1908
4472:since 1833
4273:since 1838
4253:Swan River
4247:Queensland
4134:1958โ1962
4116:since 1666
4102:since 1799
3953:New Jersey
3923:New Albion
3907:since 1632
3904:Montserrat
3885:1629โ1691
3832:since 1670
3754:1858โ1866
3742:since 1619
3694:since 1650
3647:Bangladesh
3582:1841โ1946
3544:1882โ1963
3510:Federation
3488:1819โ1826
3426:Seychelles
3370:1839โ1842
3261:since 1816
3245:Tanganyika
3203:Somaliland
3191:Seychelles
3187:since 1658
3107:Gold Coast
3101:The Gambia
3045:Basutoland
3041:since 1815
2996:1800โ1813
2986:Free State
2979:1542โ1800
2965:Heligoland
2961:since 1713
2627:2016-09-25
2405:2016-09-25
2364:2014-05-16
2339:2014-05-16
2105:2013-07-26
1747:2013-06-08
1625:References
1367:Reign end
1315:suzerainty
1191:merchants.
613:Bani Utbah
568:Foundation
411:Gulf rupee
403:gold dinar
295:5 May 1871
187:Government
5701:Armenians
5666:Education
5622:Miniature
5572:Languages
5557:Devshirme
5530:Transport
5330:Timariots
5196:Bulgarian
5088:Kazaskers
5050:Central (
5034:Kapi Agha
4903:Electoral
4829:Abolition
4824:Partition
4586:1841โ1947
4573:1841โ1933
4464:1831โ1966
4458:1670โ1688
4452:1651โ1667
4446:1631โ1641
4376:1914โ1962
4370:1907โ1947
4363:1901โ1942
4361:Australia
4356:1900โ1974
4350:1900โ1970
4338:1893โ1978
4331:1892โ1979
4325:1889โ1948
4319:1888โ1901
4313:Rarotonga
4309:1884โ1902
4303:1877โ1976
4297:1874โ1970
4291:1851โ1901
4285:1846โ1847
4279:1841โ1907
4265:1836โ1901
4259:1829โ1901
4249:1824โ1901
4243:1824โ1980
4237:1807โ1863
4231:1803โ1901
4221:1788โ1901
4154:1833โ1960
4148:1674โ1702
4140:1967โ1983
4128:1763โ1783
4122:1607โ1776
4108:1849โ1866
4094:1889โ1962
4088:1862โ1863
4082:1712โ1776
4076:1635โ1644
4070:1627โ1979
4063:1605โ1979
4056:1882โ1983
4049:1623โ1983
4043:1625โ1650
4037:1670โ1870
4031:1636โ1776
4025:1853โ1863
4015:1620โ1691
4009:1681โ1776
4003:1763โ1873
3991:1713โ1867
3985:1859โ1870
3979:1712โ1776
3973:1583โ1907
3967:1907โ1949
3961:1664โ1776
3949:1637โ1662
3947:New Haven
3943:1680โ1776
3937:1686โ1689
3931:1784โ1867
3919:1628โ1983
3913:1655โ1860
3899:1632โ1776
3873:1655โ1962
3866:1733โ1776
3860:1674โ1702
3854:1701โ1776
3848:1636โ1776
3842:1818โ1846
3824:1663โ1712
3816:1867โ1931
3810:1841โ1867
3804:1791โ1841
3798:1791โ1841
3786:1762โ1974
3779:1763โ1783
3773:1763โ1978
3767:1754โ1820
3758:1866โ1871
3734:1871โ1981
3727:1643โ1860
3721:1624โ1966
3715:1670โ1973
3708:1860โ1981
3701:1632โ1860
3626:1898โ1930
3620:1892โ1971
3614:1921โ1946
3608:1826โ1946
3602:1945โ1946
3596:1946โ1963
3594:Singapore
3588:1946โ1963
3576:1702โ1705
3570:1786โ1946
3564:1923โ1948
3562:Palestine
3550:1946โ1963
3538:1891โ1971
3532:1920โ1932
3526:1762โ1764
3520:1796โ1965
3512:1948โ1957
3506:1946โ1948
3500:1885โ1946
3494:1895โ1946
3482:1848โ1946
3476:1918โ1961
3470:1811โ1816
3464:1858โ1947
3458:1841โ1997
3456:Hong Kong
3452:1878โ1960
3446:1795โ1948
3440:1888โ1984
3434:1824โ1948
3422:Mauritius
3412:1874โ1963
3400:1757โ1947
3394:1812โ1824
3384:1685โ1824
3382:Bencoolen
3376:1879โ1919
3364:1839โ1967
3279:1887โ1897
3273:1890โ1963
3267:1890โ1962
3253:1900โ1910
3251:Transvaal
3247:1922โ1961
3241:1899โ1956
3235:1893โ1968
3233:Swaziland
3229:1900โ1914
3217:1915โ1931
3211:1910โ1931
3205:1884โ1960
3199:1792โ1961
3193:1903โ1976
3179:1900โ1910
3173:1891โ1964
3171:Nyasaland
3167:1924โ1964
3161:1900โ1914
3155:1914โ1960
3149:1884โ1900
3143:1856โ1910
3137:1810โ1968
3135:Mauritius
3131:1807โ1808
3125:1862โ1906
3119:1920โ1963
3103:1816โ1965
3097:1882โ1922
3091:1895โ1920
3085:1891โ1907
3079:1806โ1910
3073:1795โ1803
3067:1919โ1961
3065:Cameroons
3002:1813โ1964
2988:1921โ1931
2973:1809โ1864
2967:1807โ1890
2958:Gibraltar
2953:1878โ1960
2947:1794โ1796
2901:*Current
2777:ignored (
2767:cite book
2575:ignored (
2565:cite book
2471:ignored (
2461:cite book
2424:ignored (
2414:cite book
2271:ignored (
2261:cite book
2075:ignored (
2065:cite book
2023:ignored (
2013:cite book
1974:ignored (
1964:cite book
1924:ignored (
1914:cite book
1874:ignored (
1864:cite book
1798:ignored (
1788:cite book
1358:Portrait
1300:John More
1182:In 1937,
1032:kaymakams
981:Europeans
949:merchants
940:Marseille
866:qaimmaqam
765:Armenians
716:Sri Lanka
531:sheikhdom
520:romanized
414:(1959โ61)
195:sheikhdom
168:Religion
49:1752โ1961
5812:Category
5726:Religion
5639:Clothing
5525:Taxation
5488:Currency
5429:Aviation
5403:Admirals
5356:Hamidieh
5292:Military
5273:Kadiluks
5247:Vilayets
5201:Armenian
5139:Assembly
4876:Treaties
4845:Politics
4802:Tanzimat
4661:Category
4497:Colombia
4412:Kiribati
4289:Victoria
4229:Tasmania
4120:Virginia
4086:Stickeen
4074:Saybrook
4013:Plymouth
3959:New York
3897:Maryland
3889:Province
3852:Delaware
3822:Carolina
3814:Dominion
3808:Province
3771:Dominica
3719:Barbados
3691:Anguilla
3662:disputed
3643:Pakistan
3518:Maldives
3392:Billiton
3319:Rhodesia
3305:Tanzania
3301:Cameroon
3277:Zululand
3271:Zanzibar
3059:Botswana
2825:Archived
2795:Archived
2621:Archived
2399:Archived
2358:Archived
2216:(1994).
2099:Archived
1680:Archived
1608:See also
1308:Faisal I
1253:Al Jahra
1167:Ibn Saud
1017:al Jahra
969:Damascus
893:gunboats
830:textiles
757:Africans
753:Persians
724:caravans
622:Umm Qasr
547:and the
529:) was a
395:Currency
192:Absolute
5798:Outline
5753:Symbols
5744:Judaism
5671:Schools
5644:Cuisine
5607:Mosques
5594:Culture
5584:Slavery
5540:Society
5503:Sultani
5464:By era
5457:Economy
5439:Weapons
5252:Sanjaks
5235:Eyalets
5208:Judaism
5161:Millets
5098:Niลancฤฑ
5083:Viziers
4928:Halakha
4923:Mecelle
4866:Safavid
4778:Kรถprรผlรผ
4721:History
4652:culture
4406:Vanuatu
4196:Oceania
3871:Jamaica
3864:Georgia
3784:Grenada
3739:Bermuda
3713:Bahamas
3699:Antigua
3580:Sarawak
3292:Namibia
3153:Nigeria
3129:Madeira
3049:Lesotho
3008:Minorca
2977:Ireland
2945:Corsica
2872:Former
2831:5 March
1686:5 March
1177:raiding
1075:tribute
1067:Mashyan
1059:Failaka
1055:Bubiyan
965:Syrians
961:Indians
921:Bahrain
819:Bahrain
792:sailors
780:Red Sea
774:in the
676:Baghdad
563:History
535:British
522::
366:โข
353:โข
340:โข
327:โข
314:โข
301:โข
288:โข
275:โข
249:History
224:(first)
180:Judaism
144:Capital
93:Anthem:
5775:Tughra
5760:Anthem
5706:Greeks
5659:Poetry
5144:Senate
4913:Dรผstur
4671:Portal
4491:Now a
4462:Guiana
4416:Tuvalu
4019:Quebec
3791:Canada
3732:Belize
3624:Weihai
3568:Penang
3556:Padang
3486:Malaya
3480:Labuan
3474:Kuwait
3450:Cyprus
3444:Ceylon
3438:Brunei
3410:Borneo
3404:Bhutan
3398:Bengal
3334:Zambia
3265:Uganda
3027:Africa
3000:Colony
2951:Cyprus
2939:Cyprus
2923:Europe
2889:Legend
2755:
2719:
2681:
2651:
2613:
2553:
2449:
2391:
2296:
2249:
2156:
2129:
2053:
2001:
1952:
1902:
1852:
1738:
1261:Ikhwan
1224:Ikhwan
1126:, the
1096:pearls
1069:, and
1063:Kubbar
957:Tehran
953:Bombay
930:Sheikh
915:, and
905:rupees
862:Shaikh
836:, and
807:Mirqab
712:Africa
696:Smyrna
684:Aleppo
680:Arabia
672:Muscat
542:Sheikh
511:Arabic
498:Kuwait
399:Dirham
252:
239:(last)
206:
202:Sheikh
128:Status
105:Arabic
95:
33:Arabic
5734:Islam
5716:Women
5683:Media
5654:Prose
5627:Music
5508:Kuruล
5422:Other
5413:Ships
5269:Kazas
5191:Ullah
5169:Islam
5052:Porte
4790:Tulip
4414:and *
4380:Nauru
4374:Samoa
4348:Tonga
4307:Papua
3917:Nevis
3802:Upper
3796:Lower
3639:India
3504:Union
3462:India
3432:Burma
3388:Banka
3239:Sudan
3141:Natal
3123:Lagos
3117:Kenya
3111:Ghana
3095:Egypt
2506:(PDF)
2493:(PDF)
2333:(PDF)
2326:(PDF)
1436:1859
1421:1859
1418:1814
1400:1776
1385:1776
1382:1752
1361:Name
1071:Warba
1051:Auhah
973:Turks
951:from
834:China
832:from
803:Jibla
799:Sharq
784:China
749:Arabs
708:India
668:India
630:Basra
618:Qatar
407:Rupee
172:Islam
5770:Flag
5711:Jews
5613:Art
5513:Lira
5498:Para
5493:Akรงe
5386:List
5373:Navy
5300:Army
4881:Wars
4734:Rise
4410:Now
4404:Now
4354:Niue
4295:Fiji
3997:1843
3925:1579
3645:and
3637:Now
3468:Java
3424:and
3390:and
3352:Asia
3332:Now
3290:Now
2833:2011
2779:help
2753:ISBN
2717:ISBN
2679:ISBN
2649:ISBN
2611:ISBN
2577:help
2551:ISBN
2473:help
2447:ISBN
2426:help
2389:ISBN
2294:ISBN
2273:help
2247:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2077:help
2051:ISBN
2025:help
1999:ISBN
1976:help
1950:ISBN
1926:help
1900:ISBN
1876:help
1850:ISBN
1800:help
1736:ISBN
1688:2011
1648:help
1619:Utub
1247:The
1220:Najd
1145:The
1028:kaza
1011:The
977:East
955:and
817:and
815:Iraq
805:and
763:and
761:Jews
744:Iraq
742:and
740:Iran
698:and
600:The
505:The
269:1752
65:Flag
5186:Rลซm
4888:Law
4495:of
1577:11
1554:10
1015:in
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