209:, ordered Shams al-Dīn executed. Ibn Wāṣil blames his defeat and capture on his own "mismanagement", but admits that had he "not been killed ... he would have entered Cairo" at the head of the other commanders such as
202:
176:
125:. Because of his greater experience with the Khwarāzmians, al-Manṣūr took command of the combined army and on 18 May crushed the Khwarāzmian power in Syria permanently in a battle near the
220:
The death of his "guiding spirit" and "chief advisor" was a major blow to al-Nāṣir, whose reign never again saw the succession of triumphs that had characterized it under Shams al-Dīn.
96:, who was represented on the council by Jamāl al-Dawla Iqbāl al-Khātūnī. The regency formally ended with her death in 1242, but, as the ruler was still a child, Shams al-Dīn was the
85:. In that year, he was one of two emirs appointed to the four-man regency council for the seven-year-old al-Nāṣir, the other being ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Mujallī. The
100:
head of government in Aleppo. He remained throughout his life the commander-in-chief of the
Aleppan army. Towards the end, however, he was distrusted by the
74:'s biographical dictionary of Aleppo, Ibn Bāṭīsh lived with Shams al-Dīn, who relied on his advice in conducting his affairs. According to
34:
and later his chief advisor and the commander-in-chief of his armies. He dominated the government of al-Nāṣir from 1242 until his death.
461:
An
Ayyubid Notable and his World: Ibn al-ʿAdīm and Aleppo as Portrayed in his Biographical Dictionary of People Associated with the City
507:
502:
129:. The head of the Khwarāzmian leader, Baraka Ḵhān, was given to Shams al-Dīn, who had it hung from the gate of the citadel in Aleppo.
210:
140:. He led the army himself that successfully besieged Homs from May to August 1248. The Egyptian siege that soon followed, led by
122:
487:
197:
s had begun to favour their Turkic co-ethnics in Egypt. During the invasion of Egypt, he was captured at the
141:
512:
133:
432:
Eddé, Anne-Marie (1997). "Kurdes et Tures dans l'armee ayyoubide de Syrie du Nord". In Ya'acov Lev (ed.).
497:
492:
59:
179:
was sent in 1250 and returned with formal recognition of al-Nāṣir's position from the Great Khan.
63:
75:
70:, back to Aleppo, where the latter had previously lived in 1205–1206 and 1223. According to
477:
198:
8:
67:
92:
also sat on the council, while actual power was exercised by the child's grandmother,
118:
71:
183:
190:
235:
153:
149:
482:
145:
137:
101:
31:
23:
471:
172:
132:
In 1248, Shams al-Dīn convinced al-Nāṣir Yūsuf to annex Homs, then ruled by
126:
93:
284:
27:
205:, who believed the captive was a valuable hostage, the Mamlūk ruler,
164:
109:
s (slave soldiers) of the elite ʿAzīziyya and Nāṣiriyya contingents.
47:
163:
after its conquest in 1250. He urged al-Nāṣir to send an embassy to
105:
189:, Shams al-Dīn urged al-Nāṣir to re-conquer Egypt for the dynasty.
160:
89:
51:
443:
From
Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260
434:
War and
Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th–15th Centuries
388:
386:
168:
86:
214:
206:
43:
410:
383:
347:
335:
323:
156:. As a result, Egypt recognized al-Nāṣir as ruler of Homs.
82:
398:
301:
299:
359:
311:
296:
272:
112:
66:. In 1225 or 1226, he invited his fellow Mosul native,
371:
250:
248:
452:
The
Seventh Crusade, 1244–1254: Sources and Documents
58:) of Amīn al-Dīn Yumn, who was in turn a freedman of
136:, to prevent it from forming a potent alliance with
245:
260:
117:In May 1246, Shams al-Dīn, in alliance with Emir
469:
201:on 3 February 1251. Despite the entreaties of
78:, Shams al-Dīn founded a school in Aleppo.
144:, was broken off at the insistence of the
16:Regent and chief advisor of al-Nasir Yusuf
440:
416:
392:
365:
353:
341:
329:
317:
305:
290:
278:
37:
449:
404:
377:
81:By 1236, Shams al-Dīn held the rank of
470:
458:
254:
211:al-Muʿaẓẓam Tūrānshāh ibn Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn
22:(died 3 February 1251) was one of the
445:. State University of New York Press.
121:, led the army of Aleppo against the
431:
266:
159:Shams al-Dīn moved with al-Nāṣir to
113:Commander-in-chief and chief advisor
42:Shams al-Dīn Luʾluʾ was a native of
239:
138:al-Ṣāliḥ Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb of Egypt
13:
14:
524:
508:Syria under the Ayyubid Sultanate
503:Slaves from the Ayyubid Sultanate
60:Nūr al-Dīn Arslān Shāh ibn Masʿūd
436:. E. J. Brill. pp. 225–236.
425:
293:, pp. 286–287 and 459 n67.
213:, who were actually brought to
152:, and because of the impending
441:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).
229:
1:
167:to make formal submission to
450:Jackson, Peter, ed. (2007).
20:Shams al-Dīn Luʾluʾ al-Amīnī
7:
10:
529:
142:Fakhr al-Dīn ibn al-Shaykh
459:Morray, David W. (1994).
203:Ḥusām al-Dīn ibn Abī ʿĀlī
223:
76:ʿIzz al-Dīn ibn Shaddād
38:Early life and regency
193:records that his own
177:Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥāfiẓī
488:13th-century regents
171:, Great Khan of the
513:13th-century slaves
419:, pp. 320–321.
407:, pp. 221–222.
395:, pp. 317–319.
356:, pp. 334–335.
344:, pp. 294–296.
332:, pp. 286–287.
498:People from Aleppo
493:People from Mosul
207:Quṭb al-Dīn Aybak
187:uprising in Egypt
119:al-Manṣūr of Homs
50:origin. He was a
24:regents of Aleppo
520:
464:
455:
446:
437:
420:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
381:
375:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
294:
288:
282:
276:
270:
264:
258:
252:
243:
241:
233:
528:
527:
523:
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:
468:
467:
428:
423:
415:
411:
403:
399:
391:
384:
376:
372:
364:
360:
352:
348:
340:
336:
328:
324:
316:
312:
304:
297:
289:
285:
277:
273:
265:
261:
253:
246:
234:
230:
226:
199:battle of Kurāʿ
154:Seventh Crusade
146:ʿAbbāsid caliph
115:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
526:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
466:
465:
463:. E. J. Brill.
456:
447:
438:
427:
424:
422:
421:
417:Humphreys 1977
409:
397:
393:Humphreys 1977
382:
380:, p. 220.
370:
368:, p. 314.
366:Humphreys 1977
358:
354:Humphreys 1977
346:
342:Humphreys 1977
334:
330:Humphreys 1977
322:
320:, p. 317.
318:Humphreys 1977
310:
308:, p. 313.
306:Humphreys 1977
295:
291:Humphreys 1977
283:
281:, p. 229.
279:Humphreys 1977
271:
269:, p. 235.
259:
244:
240:شمس الدين لؤلؤ
227:
225:
222:
182:Following the
175:. Ultimately,
134:al-Ashraf Mūsā
114:
111:
64:ruler of Mosul
39:
36:
32:al-Nāṣir Yūsuf
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
525:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
473:
462:
457:
453:
448:
444:
439:
435:
430:
429:
418:
413:
406:
401:
394:
389:
387:
379:
374:
367:
362:
355:
350:
343:
338:
331:
326:
319:
314:
307:
302:
300:
292:
287:
280:
275:
268:
263:
257:, p. 64.
256:
251:
249:
237:
232:
228:
221:
218:
217:as captives.
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
186:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
110:
108:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
460:
451:
442:
433:
426:Bibliography
412:
405:Jackson 2007
400:
378:Jackson 2007
373:
361:
349:
337:
325:
313:
286:
274:
262:
231:
219:
194:
184:
181:
158:
150:al-Mustaʿṣim
131:
127:Lake of Homs
123:Khwarāzmians
116:
104:
97:
94:Ḍayfa Khātūn
90:Ibn al-Qifṭī
80:
72:Ibn al-ʿAdīm
55:
41:
19:
18:
478:1251 deaths
255:Morray 1994
472:Categories
454:. Ashgate.
68:Ibn Bāṭīsh
267:Eddé 1997
191:Ibn Wāṣil
165:Karakorum
161:Damascus
98:de facto
52:freedman
48:Armenian
26:for the
173:Mongols
28:Ayyūbid
236:Arabic
195:mamlūk
185:mamlūk
169:Mongke
106:mamlūk
102:Turkic
87:vizier
30:ruler
483:Emirs
224:Notes
215:Cairo
56:ʿatīq
44:Mosul
83:emir
46:of
474::
385:^
298:^
247:^
238::
148:,
62:,
242:.
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.