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the time of the outbreak of war ... In 1935, under the directive Rykov, transmitted through Eliava, the republican centers established contacts for a joint struggle against the party and the Soviet government with all the counter-revolutionary groups and organizations in
Transcaucasia – Trotskyists, Mensheviks in Georgia, Dashnaks in Armenia and Musavatists in Azerbaijan ... In fact, a united front of struggle against the party and Soviet power from all anti-Soviet forces inside Georgia and Transcaucasia ... All this bastardy was a monstrous interweaving of spies, traitors, wreckers, saboteurs, persons with the most diverse counter-revolutionary views and convictions, but united by bestial hatred for the leadership of the CPSU(b) and vile desire to overthrow the Soviet power.
455:, which was called the "Congress of Industrialization", Eliava actively supported the development of industry and industrialization of Georgia. During 1927 to 1930, when he served as the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the TSFSR and chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the republic, the Zemo-Avchalskaya, Shovskaya, Onskaya, Abashskaya and Nukhinskaya hydroelectric power stations were built and the construction of the Rionskaya, Dzoragetskaya and Verkhne-Zurnabadskaya hydroelectric power stations began. Eliava also supported the cooperative movement and the construction of schools, technical schools, institutes, cultural, educational and medical institutions.
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for medicinal plants, if agriculture is armed with appropriate mechanical means, then
Transcaucasia can move at a much faster pace than other regions of our union ... Transcaucasia should turn into Soviet socialist Florida and California along the line of fruit growing ... We have, comrades, the possibility of developing animal husbandry and along the line of pig breeding, and along the line of wool sheep breeding, and along the line of large dairy cattle, in which Transcaucasia at one time occupied first place in Russia and second place in Europe.
299:, at which the historically important first decrees of Soviet power were approved. After returning to Vologda on November 26, 1917, he was again delegated to the Vologda Provincial Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, and at the council itself was elected chairman of the Vologda Provincial Executive Committee of the Council. On December 18, 1917, he participated in the provincial congress of the RSDLP, at which the creation of a Bolshevik organization in the Vologda province was formalized.
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583:, was accused of knowing about "the counter-revolutionary work of the Georgian Trotskyist center, but hiding it from the Central Committee" and was expelled from the Central Committee of the party. He was arrested shortly thereafter. During the investigation, he was accused of participating in the creation of a "counter-revolutionary group of the right" in Georgia in 1928, which was allegedly organized by the directive of
516:. He was unable to actually travel to Turkey because of a serious bout of typhus, but nonetheless participated in negotiations with Atatürk's movement on behalf of Soviet Russia. He also established personal contacts with representatives of workers and communists and with state and military figures of Turkey and Persia and spoke to the parliament in Tehran. As a plenipotentiary, on September 1, 1920, he took part in the
628:, knew about the composition of the Ph.D. center of military organization, its work. At the suggestion of Tukhachevsky, Eliava agreed to transfer to the German General Staff all espionage information of interest to him about the state of the Georgian units of the Red Army, about the situation in Georgia and other materials received by him for this purpose from G. Mgaloblishvili and Sh. Matikashvili.
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within the
Georgian Communist Party, fought against "Trotskyism". At the Fifth Congress of the Communist Party of Transcaucasia in 1927 Eliava and his supporters managed to finally oust the inner-party opposition. In March 1932 the Central Executive Committee of the TSFSR awarded Eliava the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for "strengthening Soviet power in Transcaucasia".
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for four months, where he conducted agitation and propaganda work, and in
November 1913 he moved to Tiflis. However, in Tiflis he was attacked by gendarmes and a week later he was forced to move to the Kutaisi Governorate. After staying in Kutaisi for several months, he returned to St. Petersburg. At
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In the senior classes of the gymnasium, I became interested in social issues. The
Kutaisi gymnasium was notable for the abundance of all kinds of circles, including the Marxist one. I was directly influenced by my older brother, then a student at Moscow University, and by those revolutionaries whom I
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The organization worked to knock together counter-revolutionary personnel for sabotage, espionage, sabotage and maintained contact with
Bukharin, Rykov and the Ukrainian center of the right, with which it was agreed on a simultaneous armed uprising in Ukraine and in the republics of Transcaucasia at
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In 1931 he was appointed Deputy People's
Commissar for Foreign Trade of the USSR. Eliava took an active part in meetings, receptions, and negotiations with other nations that began to establish diplomatic relations with the USSR and conclude trade agreements with it. During these years the country's
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The defendants in the case were also accused of establishing ties with
England, France and Nazi Germany, and also trying to use terror against the leadership of the CPSU(b) and the government both in the center and in the field. During the interrogation, Eliava confessed that he was an agent of the
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In
Georgia itself Eliava pursued a policy of liquidating the remnants of the "anti-Soviet" parties. In addition, a purge of the state apparatus was organized, including the bodies of the Cheka, the police and the prosecutor's office. Starting in the autumn of 1924, he openly criticized Trotsky and,
272:, Eliava decided to stay in Vologda and took a direct part in the establishment of the Vologda Provincial Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. On March 15, 1917, at the first meeting of the council, he was elected its chairman, despite the fact that it was dominated by representatives of the
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province, where he was engaged in agitation and propaganda activities until August 1905. In August he returned to Tiflis and took an active part in the
October strike of 1905, being a member of the strike committee from the Bolshevik faction. After the suppression of the December uprising in Moscow
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And if we use electrical energy in our country, if we irrigate the vast steppes of Azerbaijan, which can give about 1,100 hectares for cotton as a result of irrigation work, if we drain our wetlands in the humid subtropical region in Georgia, which can give over 200 hectares for subtropical crops,
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A month and a half later, he was released, but in June 1909 he was again arrested and soon expelled from the capital. With great difficulty in the fall of 1909, Eliava managed to obtain permission to travel to Saint Petersburg to take state exams. However, he failed to pass the exams, because in
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After the unification of the Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies with the Soviet of Peasants' Deputies, the chairman of the provincial executive committee of the united council was elected and, on his behalf, on January 23, 1918, proclaimed the establishment of Soviet power in the Vologda
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In April 1918, after the First Vologda Provincial Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, he became provincial commissar for food and headed the food authorities of the Vologda province. In this position, he actually introduced a military regime in the field of food
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In October 1919, after the success of the Red Army in Turkestan, he focused his activities on the chairmanship of the Turkocommission, which was entrusted with the party leadership in Turkestan. In January 1920, the Turkocommission took a direct part in the creation of the Communist Party of
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Eliava was born into an impoverished noble family from western Georgia. At the age of eight he was sent to the Kutaisi classical gymnasium. According to Eliava himself, it was in the gymnasium and under the influence of his older brother Niko that he became involved with revolutionary ideas:
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On November 11, 1910, he was one of the organizers of a major political demonstration on the day of Leo Tolstoy's funeral. For this, the very next day he was arrested and placed in a pre-trial detention center for four months. After that, he was sent into exile for three years to the
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procurement, organized food detachments and pursued an active policy of requisitioning surplus grain, which often caused widespread discontent among the local population. He remained at the post of commissar of the regional food committee until December 1918. Eliava moved to
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and the liquidation of the second strike in the Caucasus, he was again arrested and released only at the end of February 1906. In April 1906 he was again arrested and released in the autumn of 1906. After that, he decided to resume his studies at Saint Petersburg University.
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260:. However, due to illness, he was sent to the Astrakhan province, and in December 1915 he moved under police supervision to Vologda, where he worked in the cooperative association Severo-Soyuz, while meeting with local and exiled leftists and with railway workers.
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He was one of the initiators of the unification of the Transcaucasian republics, which took place on December 10–13, 1922 at the first Transcaucasian Congress of Soviets. At the congress, it was decided to unite the Georgian, Armenian and Azerbaijan SSRs into the
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In the field of agrarian policy, Eliava was a supporter of the creation of large collective farms in Transcaucasia and specialization in certain crops, and he wanted to turn the region itself into the largest Soviet center for animal husbandry and fruit growing.
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of Military and Naval Affairs of the Georgian SSR, and in 1922–1923 he held the same position in the Transcaucasian SSR. From January 1923 to June 1927, he was a head of the Soviet Georgian government as chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the
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for the affairs of Turkestan was created. Eliava was appointed chairman of the Turkocommission. However, Turkestan at that time was cut off from Central Russia by the Civil War, and the roads there were under the control of the
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Turkestan (CPT). In August 1920, the Turkocommission was disbanded, and its activities as a party body were continued by the Turkestan Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP(b). Eliava also became a member of that body.
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In 1936–37 he was the Deputy People's Commissar of Light Industry. In this position, he paid special attention to the development of new technology and the recruitment of light industry workers. The same years saw the
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the beginning of 1914, he was sent by the party organization to work in the sickness fund at the Triangle factory, whose secretary he remained until April 1915. In addition, at the same time he was an employee of
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On December 3, 1937, Sh. Z. Eliava was shot. Until the 20th Congress of the CPSU, his name was not mentioned at all in Soviet publications. He was rehabilitated by the Soviet Communist Party in 1956.
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and was elected as a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) at the 15th, 16th and 17th Congresses. In addition, he was elected to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
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171:, who was already a serious Marxist theorist then. I entered the university already infected with revolutionary ideas, though not yet fully formed. From the autobiography of Shalva Eliava
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French, British and German intelligence services and one of the leading employees of the counter-revolutionary terrorist-sabotage organization of the right in Georgia.
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and assisted the party by storing illegal literature. In February 1904 he took part in a student demonstration. In the summer of 1904 he went home for the holidays.
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early in 1921, he was a member of the Caucasus bureau of the Russian Communist Party as well as a member of the Military Revolutionary Council for the
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After the overthrow of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, Eliava was the deputy chairman of the Georgian Revcom. As long as Revcom chairman
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At the university he continued to engage in revolutionary activities and participated in student strikes. In September 1906, he first met
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On May 13, 1925, he was a member of the Presidium at the Third All-Union Congress of Soviets. He took part in the 12th through 17th
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In Moscow, he kept in touch with Bukharin, who gave him a directive to organize terrorist acts against Comrade Stalin,
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in December 1918 to serve as a member of the board of the People's Commissariat of Trade and Industry, headed by
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of the First Army, then became a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Southern Army Group of the
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and restoration of the national economy. Subsequently, for his activities in Turkestan, he was awarded two
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Eliava did not return to the university that fall. At the end of 1904 he joined the Bolshevik wing of the
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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At the end of his exile in March 1913, he returned to Saint Petersburg in order to raise funds for
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regions, subject to a promise to maintain local autonomy for the largely Muslim population there.
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From a note by L.P. Beria to I.V. Stalin about the “counter-revolutionary” groups in Georgia
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In May and August 1922, Eliava traveled to Turkestan, where he participated in the
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overcame the opposition of the moderate Georgian leadership, as well as Lenin and
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active trade balance was positive for three years in a row (1933, 1934, 1935).
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On May 17–19, 1937, at the Plenum of the Central Committee, he, along with
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of Central Asia, propaganda among the local population, elimination of the
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was not in Georgia, Eliava actually performed the duties of the chairman.
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Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
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After graduating from high school in 1903, he entered the law faculty of
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happened to meet through my brother. These revolutionaries included...
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From the speech of Sh.Z. Eliava at the 16th Congress of the CPSU(b).
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province. In January–April 1918, he was the chairman of the Vologda
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Knight of the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Banner of Labor.
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On November 7 and 8, 1917 Eliava participated in the work of the
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On February 12, 1919, a special (temporary) commission of the
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Heads of government of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
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195:. In January 1905, he was arrested on the eve of a strike in
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14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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and pacifism. However, according to his memoirs, after the
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In 1912, due to illness, he was transferred to the town of
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In March 1918, Eliava participated in the work of the
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Communist Party of Georgia (Soviet Union) politicians
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Congresses of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Fourth Extraordinary All-Russian Congress of Soviets
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Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
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Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
199:. However, he was quickly released and went to the
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1133:20th-century politicians from Georgia (country)
1228:Heads of government of the Transcaucasian SFSR
1218:People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
1203:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
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377:Leadership in Soviet Georgia and the Caucusus
346:. Therefore, the commission first stopped in
215:November he was subjected to another arrest.
699:, pp. 214, 235, 251–2, 276, 380, 388.
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1168:Great Purge victims from Georgia (country)
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16:Georgian Old Bolshevik and Soviet official
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69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
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1163:Revolutionaries from Georgia (country)
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361:Soon he was appointed a member of the
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539:region to Turkey while retaining the
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108:Ша́лва Зура́бович Элиа́ва
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701:Indiana University Press
486:Orders of the Red Banner
411:In 1921–1923 he was the
264:Revolution and Civil War
112:Shalva Zurabovich Eliava
90:Shalva Zurabovich Eliava
1065:Prime Ministers of the
689:entry on Shalva Eliava.
527:In 1921, together with
316:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
53:more precise citations.
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247:. Then he moved to
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845:Javakhishvili
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478:Sovietization
469:
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59:December 2012
52:
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42:
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35:
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21:
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1082:
1012:Garibashvili
1006:Tskitishvili
986:Garibashvili
976:Merabishvili
935:Arsenishvili
914:Shevardnadze
799:
782:Georgian SSR
696:
684:
678:(in Russian)
655:
642:
634:
631:
626:Tukhachevsky
607:
602:
599:
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585:Alexei Rykov
578:
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135:Central Asia
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99:შალვა ელიავა
89:
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65:
56:
37:
1173:Mingrelians
1128:1937 deaths
1123:1883 births
981:Ivanishvili
835:Ketskhoveli
820:Sukhishvili
810:Sukhishvili
432:, in which
381:During the
286:July crisis
228:Chyorny Yar
153:Early years
147:Great Purge
51:introducing
1117:Categories
1017:Kobakhidze
961:Gurgenidze
940:Jorbenadze
925:Lekishvili
904:Gugushvili
860:Cherkeziya
805:Makharadze
790:Kavtaradze
767:Ramishvili
752:since 1918
672:Literature
647:References
618:Kaganovich
614:Voroshilov
520:, held in
482:Basmachism
451:After the
350:, then in
274:Mensheviks
268:After the
34:references
996:Bakhtadze
956:Nogaideli
950:Baramidze
920:Patsatsia
870:Chitanava
865:Chkheidze
850:Pataridze
772:Zhordania
385:with the
282:defencism
1001:Gakharia
898:Omanidze
840:Bakradze
825:Bakradze
695:(1994),
622:Gamarnik
352:Orenburg
305:Ispolkom
288:and the
139:Caucasus
120:Georgian
94:Georgian
971:Gilauri
945:Zhvania
885:Georgia
795:Mdivani
750:Georgia
610:Molotov
249:Kutaisi
201:Kutaisi
104:Russian
47:improve
800:Eliava
707:
683:. The
639:Honors
545:Adjara
541:Batumi
537:Artvin
510:Turkey
348:Samara
324:Moscow
254:Pravda
245:Pravda
237:Pravda
197:Tiflis
127:Soviet
116:Ganiri
96::
85:Eliava
36:, but
909:Sigua
893:Sigua
875:Sigua
705:ISBN
624:and
587:and
543:and
522:Baku
512:and
436:and
276:and
137:and
125:and
748:of
383:war
342:of
230:in
145:’s
133:of
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