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Kunz, Thomas H.; Wemmer, Chris; Hayssen, Virginia (1996). "Sex, age, and reproductive condition of mammals". In Wilson, DE; Cole, FR; Nichols, JD; Rudran, R.; Foster, MS (eds.).
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Ammer, F. K.; Wood, P. B.; McPherson, R. J. (2008). "Gender
Identification of Grasshopper Sparrows Comparing Behavioral, Morphological, and Molecular Techniques".
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for determining sex in wild or domestic species (population studies, farming, genetics) or humans (archaeology, forensic medicine). Markers commonly used include
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characteristics. Assisted physical sexing is relevant in vertebrates with cloacae (e.g.
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is the process of determining the sex of an individual animal. Through sexing,
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This article is about sex discernment in non-human animals. For humans, see
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Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for mammals
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and other animals they work with. The specialized trade of
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377:"Molecular sexing eutherian mammals"
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164:has a particular importance in the
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