443:
271:
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430:) values, behavior, and morals to the working classes through charitable but also rigorously didactic programs as a cure to the cycle of poverty. Many settlement workers joined the movement out of a strong conviction that effective social welfare programs were the only thing that could prevent the pernicious development in the United States of a European-style entrenched
391:, founded in 1886 and the oldest in the United States, were, like Hull House, important institutions for social reform in America's teeming, immigrant-dominant urban communities. United Neighborhood Houses of New York is the federation of 38 settlement houses in New York City. These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of
56:. Its goal was to bring the rich and the poor of society together in both physical proximity and social connection. Its main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and
60:
of, their low-income neighbors. The settlement houses provided services such as daycare, English classes, and healthcare to improve the lives of the poor in these areas. The settlement movement also spawned educational/reform movements. Both in the UK and the US settlement workers worked to develop a
107:
Britain, increasingly concerned with poverty, gave rise to the movement whereby those connected to universities settled students in slum areas to live and work alongside local people. Through their efforts settlement houses were established for education, savings, sports, and arts. Such institutions
898:
T.H. Green had 1870s acted as secretary to the
Association for the Education of Women, as well as assisting the formation of the Society of Home Students ... the late Victorian settlements which enabled university men and women to help the poor by living amongst them. The success of such ventures
111:
There were basic commonalities in the movement. These institutions were more concerned with societal causes for poverty, especially the changes that came with industrialisation, rather than personal causes which their predecessors believed were the main reason for poverty. The settlement movement
229:
when she was the first tutor of women students at the
University of Sydney in 1891–1892. Before she took up that position, Phillips visited Cambridge and Oxford Universities in England to find out how they supported women students. She also visited her younger brother, William Inchbold Phillips,
310:
The settlement movement became popular due to the socio-economic situation in the United States between 1890 and 1910, when more than 12 million
European people immigrated to the country. They came from Ireland, Russia, Italy and other European countries and provided cheap factory labor, a
173:
The movement gave rise to many social policy initiatives and innovative ways of working to improve the conditions of the most excluded members of society. The Poor Man's Lawyer service came about because a barrister volunteered his time and encouraged his friends to do the same. In general, the
348:
in 1889 after Addams visited
Toynbee Hall within the previous two years. Hull House, unlike the charity and welfare efforts which preceded it, was not a religious-based organization. Instead of Christian ethic, Addams opted to ground her settlement on democratic ideals. It focused on providing
238:
where she learned more about the work of the college mission. The mission involved university students in charitable works and educating poorer people in the area in the settlement movement tradition. She took the model back to
Australia and formed the Women's Society which focused on visiting
1012:
Shields, Patricia M., Maurice
Hamington, and Joseph Soeters, (2023)'On the Maturation of Addams Studies: A Figure of Vital Intellectual and Practical Significance', in Patricia M. Shields, Maurice Hamington, and Joseph Soeters (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams p. 3-34. Oxford Academic
480:
Today, settlements are still community-focused organizations, providing a range of services including early education, youth guidance and crime intervention, senior programs, and specialized programs for young people who have "aged out" of the foster care system. Since they are staffed by
112:
believed that social reform was best pursued and pushed for by private charities. The movement was oriented toward a more collectivist approach and was seen as a response to socialist challenges that confronted the
British political economy and philanthropy.
239:
patients in hospitals and setting up night schools particularly a night school for girls at
Millers Point, Sydney. After Phillips left the university for missionary and education work in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) the founding principal of the new
410:
A count of
American settlements reported: 74 in 1897; 103 in 1900; 204 in 1905; and 413 by 1911 in 32 states. By the 1920s, the number of settlement houses in the country peaked at almost 500. The settlement house concept was continued by
61:
unique activist form of sociology known as
Settlement Sociology. This science of social reform movement is neglected in the history of sociology in favor of a teaching-, theory- and research university–based model.
286:
after travelling to Europe and learning about the system in England. It was Addams who became the leading figure of the settlement movement in the United States with the help of like-minded personalities such as
247:
developed settlement work further through the Women's Association. Over the years The Settlement gained the support of other partners and provided services for Aboriginal and migrant families and is now known as
963:
From Sydney to Delhi with Cook's coupons breaking the journey for a fortnight in Ceylon / by Helen P. Phillips; illustrated by Messrs. Cave & Co., Colombo and Irene Mort, Sydney
937:
From Sydney to Delhi with Cook's coupons breaking the journey for a fortnight in Ceylon / by Helen P. Phillips; illustrated by Messrs. Cave & Co., Colombo and Irene Mort, Sydney
791:
Reyes, J. M. (2008). Common space, safe place: Lived experiences of former settlement house participants from the West Town and Humboldt Park neighborhoods of Chicago
911:
Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900
874:
108:
were often praised by religious representatives concerned with the lives of the poor, and criticised as normative or moralistic by radical social movements.
319:. Many immigrants lived in crowded and disease-ridden tenements, worked long hours, and lived in poverty. Children often worked to help support the family.
840:
726:
2302:
101:, provided by virtue of charity on part of wealthy donors, the residents of the city, and (for education) scholars who volunteered their time.
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1958:
240:
177:
As higher education opened up to women, young female graduates came into the settlement movement. The Women's University Settlement (now
468:", the English word transliterated to Russian). This network of institutions was closed down by the government in 1908, due to alleged
2249:
388:
720:
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1322:
115:
The British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres is a network of such organisations. Other early examples include
594:
Oakley, Ann (2023), "Jane Addams and Settlement Sociology", in Patricia M. Shields, Maurice Hamington, and Joseph Soeters (eds),
809:
2349:
1107:
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884:
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275:
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settlement movement, and settlement houses in particular, "have been a foundation for social work practice in this country".
2282:
537:
1601:
1246:
2523:
1746:
1273:
Scotland, Nigel. "Squires in the Slums: Settlements and Missions in Late Victorian England", I. B. Tauris, London, 2007
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1048:
265:
97:. These houses, radically different from those later examples in America, often offered food, shelter, and basic and
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17:
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professional employees and students, they no longer require that employees live alongside those they serve.
170:
There is also a global network, The International Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers (IFS).
2237:
1703:
1596:
1558:
1315:
368:
31:
2318:
2297:
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423:
505:'s social vision and consciously sought to mix economic backgrounds when drawing up the master plan for
2533:
2323:
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1723:
1606:
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419:"hospitality houses" in the 1930s. By 1993 the estimated number of houses dropped to 300 in 80 cities.
194:
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699:(PhD). School of Social and Political Sciences, College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow
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376:
206:
799:(5), 1682A. (UMI No. AAI3314871) Retrieved 13 July 2009, from Dissertations and Theses Database.
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Site of the Communal Club for Working Children, a cornerstone of the Russian Settlement network.
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1894:
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Pioneer women graduates of the University of Sydney 1881-1921 / by Ursula Bygott and K.J. Cable
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Woolston, H. (1999) "Helen Plummer Phillips 1851-1929, Headmistress and Missionary".
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2017:
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British Association of Settlements and Social Action Centres (bassac) is now Locality
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Hunter, Robert. "The Relation Between Social Settlements and Charity Organization"
1147:. Charities Publication Committee, New York, The Russel Sage Foundation. p. vi
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The American settlement movement sprang out of the-then fashionable philosophy of "
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education and recreational facilities for European immigrant women and children.
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1191:"Gifts and Contributions: Friedrich Froebel and Russian Education (1860 – 1929)"
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210:
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49:
1247:"The Settlement Movement 1886-1986: One Hundred Years on Urban Frontiers"
653:
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1993:
1983:
1968:
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1853:
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384:
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136:
116:
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53:
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2027:
2013:
1978:
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494:
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431:
160:
86:
78:
1220:
426:", a model of social reform that touted the transmission of "proper" [i.e.
2197:
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2003:
1988:
1963:
1813:
1803:
542:
412:
380:
283:
140:
128:
90:
2117:
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1373:
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1100:
Famous Americans: A Directory of Museums, Historic Sites, and Memorials
1067:
Settlement Houses: Improving the Social Welfare of America's Immigrants
661:
637:
396:
341:
320:
27:
Reformist social movement that began in the 1880s in England and the US
974:
Bygott, Ursula M. L. and Cable, K. J. and University of Sydney.
2406:
2036:
1879:
469:
282:
The settlement movement model was introduced in the United States by
148:
42:
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set up a network of educational and social institutions in northern
74:
1858:
1848:
1820:
1788:
1741:
1480:
1398:
1393:
1167:
375:, founded in 1894, Friendly Inn Settlement House, founded in 1894,
235:
120:
1124:"Stronger Communities, Together | United Neighborhood Houses"
1938:
1300:
337:
333:
to bring greater awareness of the immigrant's living conditions.
2041:
1924:
1388:
459:
961:
Phillips, Helen P. and Mort, Eirene. and Cave & Co.
935:
Phillips, Helen P. and Mort, Eirene. and Cave & Co.
1683:
1288:
1254:"Settlement Houses: Old Idea in New Form Builds Communities"
1378:
1141:
Woods, Robert Archey; Kennedy, Albert Joseph, eds. (1911).
427:
127:, and Mansfield House Settlement, also in east London (see
48:
that began in the 1880s and peaked around the 1920s in the
1283:
774:
1293:
1123:
336:
The most famous settlement house in the United States is
329:
in 1890 about the lives of immigrants on New York City's
913:. United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, 2011. p115
899:
owed much to the general expansion of both philanthropy
221:
Australia's first settlement activity was begun by the
1089:
1087:
159:
in 1905. Bristol University Settlement was founded by
30:
For the organizations for kibbutzim and moshavim, see
1064:
Friedman, Michael; Friedman, Brett (1 January 2006).
1015:
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.45
600:
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.25
450:
The movement also spread to late imperial Russia, as
81:
settlement house, founded 1884, pictured here in 1902
1084:
615:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 124–125.
965: Industrial School Dodanduwa 1914 p63.
719:
85:The movement started in 1884 with the founding of
2510:
1188:
1063:
842:Women and the Anglican Church Congress 1861-1938
1289:International Federation of Settlements website
1249:, VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Project.
225:Women's Society. The Society was instigated by
721:"Pease, Marian Fry (1859–1954), schoolteacher"
311:demand that was necessitated by the country's
1316:
939: Industrial School Dodanduwa 1914
463:
1267:vol. 11, no. 1 (Dec. 1902), pp. 75–88.
1140:
978: University of Sydney Sydney 1985
950:Church of England Historical Society Journal
730:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
613:Englishness: Politics and Culture 1880-1920
1323:
1309:
1035:Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers
879:. Oxford University Press. p. 49,50.
315:and rapid industrialization following the
693:Scottish Settlement Houses from 1886–1934
638:"University Settlements in Great Britain"
610:
1531:Regional Planning Association of America
1094:Danilov, Victor J. (26 September 2013).
1057:
1039:. Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum. pp.
838:
441:
363:were among a group of women who founded
269:
73:
1093:
727:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
513:movement has a similar goal and model.
497:in the twentieth century. For example,
395:to serve isolated rural communities in
252:in Darlington, Sydney New South Wales.
14:
2511:
1189:Valkanova, Y.; Brehony, K. J. (2006).
1165:
717:
635:
550:, for description of one of the houses
387:in El Paso Texas, founded in 1912 and
1304:
1294:United Neighborhood Houses (New York)
1102:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 356–357.
1030:
1026:
1024:
1022:
689:
276:Lessie Bates Davis Neighborhood House
181:) was founded in 1887 "by women from
155:was founded in 1893, followed by the
2539:Progressive Era in the United States
2491:
1168:"Bringing back the settlement house"
872:
611:Colls, Robert; Dodd, Philip (2014).
567:
538:List of historical settlement houses
484:
1602:Professional transportation planner
968:
942:
793:Dissertation Abstract International
278:in 1918 in East St. Louis, Illinois
250:The Settlement Neighbourhood Centre
24:
1330:
1239:
1019:
955:
598:, Oxford Academic, 14 Feb. 2022),
596:The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams
462:in 1905, naming it "Settlement" ("
25:
2575:
1277:
1070:. Rosen Classroom. pp. 4–7.
814:www.blackfriars-settlement.org.uk
501:of Conklin + Rossant agreed with
266:New York State Tenement House Act
69:
2490:
2469:
2468:
2456:
533:List of active settlement houses
523:Down to the Countryside Movement
274:Bohemian immigrant youth at the
255:
1999:Transferable development rights
1554:Environmental impact assessment
1213:
1182:
1159:
1134:
1116:
1006:
981:
929:
916:
904:
866:
832:
405:Pine Mountain Settlement School
157:Edinburgh University Settlement
1625:Community economic development
1404:Planning and zoning commission
802:
785:
767:
711:
683:
642:The Harvard Theological Review
629:
604:
588:
561:
475:
13:
1:
1265:Journal of Political Economy,
554:
489:Settlement houses influenced
373:Lenox Hill Neighborhood House
2238:Planning Accreditation Board
1597:Transit-oriented development
1559:Recreation resource planning
1260:, Summer 1998, Vol. 5, No. 3
1195:History of Education Journal
761:UK public library membership
576:. Chicago Historical Society
568:Wade, Louise Carrol (2004).
369:Union Settlement Association
216:
32:Settlement movement (Israel)
7:
516:
389:University Settlement House
10:
2580:
2250:Professional organizations
1607:Urban freight distribution
1582:Transportation forecasting
259:
143:Anglicans associated with
64:
29:
2524:Social history of England
2486:List of planning journals
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2372:
2337:
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2258:
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2185:
2061:
2054:
1867:
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1455:History of urban planning
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1427:
1366:
1338:
952:, 44(3, September): 36-40
654:10.1017/S0017816000007136
464:
437:
401:Hindman Settlement School
232:St John's College Mission
2554:Social history of Russia
2549:Social history of Canada
2422:Marine spatial planning
1934:Healthy community design
1512:Village design statement
1502:Preservation development
1497:Conservation development
1252:Blank, Barbara Trainin.
718:Thomas, John B. (2004).
344:, founded by Addams and
326:How the Other Half Lives
2437:Real estate development
2168:List of urban theorists
1664:City Beautiful movement
1592:Rational planning model
1574:Transportation planning
1564:Sustainable development
1166:Husock, Howard (1992).
1144:Handbook of Settlements
1031:Shook, John R. (2005).
845:. Bloomsbury Academic.
574:Encyclopedia of Chicago
548:Sonoratown, Los Angeles
424:scientific philanthropy
377:Henry Street Settlement
313:expansion into the west
234:(Lady Margaret Church)
2564:Social care in England
2481:List of planned cities
2417:Landscape architecture
2173:List of urban planners
1895:Conservation community
1732:Collaborative planning
1541:Environmental planning
1449:Comprehensive planning
922:The Sydney University
876:Women Against the Vote
736:10.1093/ref:odnb/48581
636:Ashley, Percy (1911).
447:
305:Ella May Dunning Smith
279:
179:Blackfriars Settlement
153:New College Settlement
82:
2392:Development economics
2243:Real estate education
2203:James Howard Kunstler
2128:Konstantinos Doxiadis
2009:Urban growth boundary
1949:Mixed-use development
1844:Intentional community
1258:The New Social Worker
839:Holloway, C. (2023).
445:
273:
125:Francis Herbert Stead
77:
58:alleviate the poverty
2529:History of education
1944:Leapfrog development
1890:Complete Communities
1747:Intelligent urbanism
1674:Garden city movement
1617:Economic development
1549:Environmental design
1245:Berry, Margarent E.
690:Bruce, Lynn (2012).
223:University of Sydney
191:Cambridge University
2350:Communist countries
1974:Planning Permission
1911:Filtering (housing)
1885:Cluster development
1694:Settlement movement
1679:Indigenous planning
570:"Settlement Houses"
383:, founded in 1896,
379:, founded in 1893,
371:, founded in 1894,
367:in Boston in 1892.
361:Katharine Lee Bates
199:Somerville Colleges
39:settlement movement
2233:Planning education
2193:Elizabeth Farrelly
2037:High-rise urbanism
1875:Affordable housing
1414:World Urbanism Day
1223:. JamesRossant.com
1096:"Social Activists"
820:on 8 November 2018
448:
393:settlement schools
280:
230:Priest in Charge,
95:East End of London
83:
2534:Settlement houses
2506:
2505:
2463:Cities portal
2387:Civil engineering
2368:
2367:
2221:
2220:
2050:
2049:
2018:Peri-urbanisation
1838:Planned community
1669:Dark-sky movement
1659:Car-free movement
1633:
1632:
1587:Trip distribution
1523:Regional planning
1476:Urban green space
1444:Land-use planning
1419:Labor market area
1409:Growth management
1384:Metropolitan area
1109:978-0-8108-9186-9
1077:978-1-4042-0859-9
886:978-0-19-153025-8
873:Bush, J. (2007).
852:978-1-350-32420-6
759:(Subscription or
745:978-0-19-861412-8
622:978-1-4725-2334-1
485:Legacy and impact
456:Alexander Zelenko
452:Stanislav Shatsky
346:Ellen Gates Starr
203:Oxford University
145:Oxford University
139:was sponsored by
16:(Redirected from
2571:
2519:Social movements
2494:
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2461:
2460:
2459:
2412:Land development
2263:
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2098:Donald Appleyard
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1809:Mining community
1762:Radical planning
1709:Transition towns
1644:
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1460:Spatial planning
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509:, Virginia. The
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403:in 1902 and the
307:, among others.
289:Mary Rozet Smith
245:Louisa Macdonald
187:Newnham Colleges
99:higher education
21:
18:Settlement house
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2148:Peter Calthorpe
2103:Ebenezer Howard
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2033:Verticalization
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1757:Market urbanism
1752:Livable streets
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634:
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579:
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566:
562:
557:
519:
503:Robert E. Simon
487:
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440:
417:Catholic Worker
353:Katharine Coman
331:Lower East Side
301:Florence Kelley
291:, Mary Keyser,
268:
258:
241:Women's College
219:
213:Universities".
72:
67:
46:social movement
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2577:
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2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Social classes
2541:
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2504:
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2500:
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2303:United Kingdom
2300:
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2283:Czech Republic
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2260:
2256:
2255:
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2240:
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2218:
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2215:
2213:Randal O'Toole
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2153:Patrick Geddes
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2133:Kevin A. Lynch
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:Guy Benveniste
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2093:Daniel Burnham
2090:
2088:Colin Buchanan
2085:
2083:Clarence Stein
2080:
2078:Clarence Perry
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2069:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2030:
2025:
2023:Urban vitality
2020:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:Healthy cities
1927:
1922:
1920:Brusselization
1916:Gentrification
1913:
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1905:Eminent domain
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1777:Cities by type
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1737:Context theory
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1654:Athens Charter
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1332:Urban planning
1328:
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1279:
1278:External links
1276:
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1178:(Fall): 53–72.
1172:Public Welfare
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1049:
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1005:
993:The Settlement
980:
967:
954:
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926:is still open.
915:
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648:(2): 175–203.
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528:Gentrification
525:
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486:
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477:
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439:
436:
399:, such as the
293:Alice Hamilton
257:
254:
227:Helen Phillips
218:
215:
211:Royal Holloway
165:Hilda Cashmore
71:
70:United Kingdom
68:
66:
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50:United Kingdom
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2019:
2015:
2012:
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1994:Tract housing
1992:
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1984:Temporary use
1982:
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1969:Planning gain
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1833:Model village
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1794:Commuter town
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1767:Urban renewal
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1704:Structuralism
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1507:Rural housing
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1466:Redevelopment
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810:"Our History"
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262:Social Gospel
256:United States
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195:Lady Margaret
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137:Bethnal Green
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117:Browning Hall
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54:United States
51:
47:
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33:
19:
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2454:
2382:Architecture
2355:Nazi Germany
2163:Thomas Adams
2143:Loretta Lees
2138:Le Corbusier
2108:Edmund Bacon
2073:Andrés Duany
2028:Urbanization
2014:Urban sprawl
1979:Rural flight
1959:Permeability
1954:Model cities
1826:Logging camp
1785:Company town
1699:Smart growth
1693:
1689:New Urbanism
1471:Urban design
1298:
1264:
1257:
1225:. Retrieved
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1201:(3): 187–209
1198:
1194:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1143:
1136:
1127:
1118:
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1034:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:
983:
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970:
962:
957:
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944:
936:
931:
918:
906:
897:
890:. Retrieved
875:
868:
856:. Retrieved
841:
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:the original
813:
804:
796:
792:
787:
778:
769:
749:. Retrieved
725:
713:
701:. Retrieved
692:
685:
673:. Retrieved
645:
641:
631:
612:
606:
595:
590:
578:. Retrieved
573:
563:
511:New Monastic
495:architecture
491:urban design
488:
479:
472:activities.
449:
432:social class
421:
409:
357:Vida Scudder
351:
335:
324:
309:
281:
220:
176:
172:
169:
161:Marian Pease
133:Oxford House
119:, formed in
114:
110:
103:
87:Toynbee Hall
84:
79:Toynbee Hall
38:
36:
2375:disciplines
2198:Jane Jacobs
2123:James Rouse
2004:Urban decay
1989:Third place
1964:Placemaking
1814:Pit village
1804:Global city
1227:30 December
543:Social work
476:Description
413:Dorothy Day
381:Hiram House
284:Jane Addams
141:High Church
129:Percy Alden
123:in 1895 by
91:Whitechapel
2513:Categories
2118:Ian McHarg
2063:Theorists/
1840:(New town)
1799:Ghost town
1638:Concepts/
1374:Urban area
924:Settlement
763:required.)
751:2 December
555:References
397:Appalachia
342:Hull House
321:Jacob Riis
260:See also:
2407:Geography
2319:Barcelona
2298:Singapore
2273:Australia
2266:Countries
1880:Cityscape
1647:Movements
1151:16 August
989:"History"
703:17 August
675:17 August
670:163552618
470:socialist
465:Сетлемент
407:in 1913.
317:Civil War
217:Australia
167:in 1911.
149:Edinburgh
105:Victorian
93:, in the
43:reformist
2475:Category
2324:Shanghai
2226:Training
1868:Concepts
1859:Boomtown
1849:Arcology
1821:Man camp
1789:Monotown
1742:Ekistics
1724:Theories
1640:theories
1481:Urbanism
1430:branches
1399:Planning
1394:Land use
1348:Theories
1269:In JSTOR
1221:"Reston"
517:See also
434:system.
236:Walworth
121:Walworth
52:and the
2497:Commons
2373:Related
2186:Critics
1939:LEED-ND
1437:General
1367:General
1358:Outline
1343:History
1205:26 July
824:12 July
662:1507407
580:22 June
338:Chicago
207:Bedford
197:, and
65:History
2559:Reform
2345:Africa
2329:Sydney
2312:Cities
2293:Serbia
2288:Russia
2259:Places
2055:People
2042:Zoning
1925:Infill
1389:Suburb
1106:
1074:
1047:
998:1 July
892:11 May
883:
858:11 May
849:
775:"Home"
757:
742:
668:
660:
619:
507:Reston
460:Moscow
438:Russia
359:, and
323:wrote
303:, and
183:Girton
151:, the
41:was a
2338:Other
2278:China
1714:YIMBY
1684:NIMBY
1490:Rural
1462:(Eur)
1428:Major
1353:Index
697:(PDF)
666:S2CID
658:JSTOR
147:. In
1907:(US)
1514:(UK)
1451:(US)
1379:City
1229:2010
1207:2015
1153:2021
1104:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1000:2022
894:2023
881:ISBN
860:2024
847:ISBN
826:2018
753:2020
740:ISBN
705:2022
677:2022
617:ISBN
582:2009
493:and
454:and
428:WASP
264:and
209:and
205:and
185:and
163:and
37:The
1176:109
779:IFS
732:doi
650:doi
415:'s
340:'s
201:at
189:at
135:in
131:).
89:in
2515::
2035:/
2016:/
1932:/
1918:/
1787:/
1256:,
1199:35
1197:.
1193:.
1174:.
1170:.
1126:.
1098:.
1086:^
1043:.
1041:21
1021:^
991:.
896:.
812:.
797:69
795:,
777:.
738:.
724:.
664:.
656:.
644:.
640:.
572:.
355:,
299:,
295:,
243:,
193:,
1324:e
1317:t
1310:v
1231:.
1209:.
1155:.
1130:.
1112:.
1080:.
1053:.
1002:.
862:.
828:.
781:.
755:.
734::
707:.
679:.
652::
646:4
625:.
584:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
