Knowledge

Sequence (musical form)

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495:, in forms of AA'BB'CC'... and ABB'CC'DD'...Z. Although it is commonly understood that sequences fall into early, middle, and late periods, the history of developments in the genre is better thought of as unfolding in layers that overlap. In the early period, sequences such as Notker's often included single lines that were not part of a couplet. These single lines most often appeared at the beginning or end of the sequence, but could also appear in the middle. Sequences from the middle period, starting around the 11th century, such as the sequence for the Mass of 130: 483:, not present in the Roman Missal, is found in the Dominican Missal. This sequence is permitted for the Third Mass of Christmas, the Epiphany, and Candlemas. The Third Edition of the Roman Missal, which was implemented in the United States in 2010, states that the Sequence is optional except on Easter Sunday and Pentecost Day, and it sung before the Alleluia. 526:. The two verses of each couplet are sung to the same musical line, usually ending on a tonally stabilizing pitch, with variety being created by couplets of different lengths and with different musical arches. Although sequences are vocal and 815: 2517: 161:. Venantius modified the classical metres based on syllable quantity to an accentual metre more easily suitable to be chanted to music in Christian worship. In the ninth century, 2346: 808: 505:, are less likely to have single lines outside of couplets, and their couplets are more likely to rhyme. By the 12th century, later sequences, such as the sequence for 801: 2150: 658: 856: 620: 2288: 2696: 2140: 590: 2612: 1525: 315: 574: 2414: 2006: 96: 2620: 734: 715: 2538: 1605: 1600: 522:
melodies. While primarily syllabic, sequences can occasionally have short neumatic moments, but they almost never contain
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The sequence had always been sung directly before the Gospel, after the Alleluia. The 2002 edition of the
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in Latin. New sequences continued to be written in Latin; one of the best known later sequences is the
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The Later Cambridge Songs: An English Song Collection of the Twelfth Century, edited by John E. Stevens
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One well-known sequence, falsely attributed to Notker during the Middle Ages, is the prose text
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To be precise, the sequence came between the second and third sections of the "alleluia." See
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Hildegard of Bingen and Medieval Music: A Conversation with Benjamin Bagby of Sequentia,
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Chant or hymn sung during celebration of the Eucharist in many Christian denominations
2573: 2488: 2483: 2195: 1936: 1804: 1679: 1404: 1297: 1273: 1192: 1130: 1112: 730: 711: 596: 546: 418: 300: 247:) the Alleluia. Notker set words to this melisma in rhythmic prose for chanting as a 1183: 2522: 2505: 2493: 2433: 2332: 2275: 2199: 2180: 2175: 2123: 2118: 1956: 1892: 1865: 1816: 1458: 1387: 1356: 1332: 1266: 1166: 892: 786: 340: 325: 118: 89: 28: 704: 2578: 2544: 2404: 2306: 2254: 2155: 2070: 1737: 1629: 1453: 1202: 1145: 1091: 1029: 999: 917: 907: 902: 863: 851: 832: 624: 550: 476: 442: 374: 179: 162: 114: 190:. Since early sequences were written in rhythmical prose, they were also called 2478: 2388: 2250: 2113: 1659: 1639: 1617: 1612: 1580: 1530: 1426: 912: 897: 824: 554: 542: 538: 515:, showed increasing regularity of structure, with rhyming couplets throughout. 361: 344: 310: 273: 202: 182:, who popularized the genre in the ninth century by publishing a collection of 147:
The Latin sequence has its beginnings, as an artistic form, in early Christian
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thus came to be applied to these texts; and by extension, to hymns containing
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also moved away from classical metres to produce Christian hymns such as
38: 769: 2439: 2185: 2077: 1885: 1767: 1697: 1654: 1585: 1105: 1101: 1068: 1036: 959: 828: 451: 378: 92:(1543–1563) there were sequences for many feasts in the Church's year. 343:. During the Middle Ages, secular or semi-secular sequences, such as 2562: 2549: 2265: 2133: 2128: 2107: 2065: 1784: 1757: 1557: 1547: 1382: 1307: 1257: 1150: 1019: 1004: 989: 869: 527: 506: 437: 413: 398: 320: 305: 77: 2375: 2294: 2229: 1961: 1931: 1926: 1907: 1826: 1515: 1500: 1302: 1135: 1096: 1014: 937: 210: 100: 272:("In the midst of life we are in death"), which was translated by 1966: 1946: 1772: 1664: 1644: 1478: 1286: 1282: 1187: 1171: 1140: 1024: 823: 531: 530:, certain sequence texts suggest possible vocal harmonization in 523: 492: 472: 352: 281: 277: 227: 222: 134: 99:, however, reversed the order and places the sequence before the 73: 2033: 1897: 1712: 1649: 1590: 1542: 1520: 1218: 1176: 496: 464: 460: 388: 356: 218: 214: 124: 85: 259:
and accentual metre. A collection of sequences was called the
1971: 1921: 1809: 1789: 1742: 1510: 1223: 1154: 468: 256: 191: 65: 53: 2203: 2055: 1820: 1674: 148: 69: 209:, it became customary to prolong the last syllable of the 1916: 1799: 475:. Currently, the Dies Irae is sung in churches where the 491:
Sequences are distinguished by a structure dominated by
293:. Other well-known sequences include the ninth-century 537:
The composition of sequences became less frequent when
239:, because of its jubilant tone. It was also called 201:
Notker's texts were meant to be sung. In the Latin
703: 592:Let Us Pray: A Guide to the Rubrics of Sunday Mass 486: 2289:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology 558:, known in English as "O Come, All Ye Faithful". 2683: 595:. Pueblo Books / Liturgical Press. p. 70. 221:, to sing or chant the Gospel. This prolonged 377:(1570) the number of sequences for the entire 351:("The labours of Hercules") were written; the 809: 980: 689:, (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000), p.489. 125:The Latin sequence in literature and liturgy 27:For the harmonic and motivic technique, see 368: 106:The form of this chant inspired a genre of 2141:Communion and the developmentally disabled 816: 802: 767: 355:, a group of Latin poets who wrote mostly 243:, "sequence," because it followed (Latin: 121:subject, which is also called a sequence. 441:was removed from the Requiem Mass of the 1526:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion 143:, (2nd half of the 9th century, Germany) 128: 2415:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 2007:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII 724: 359:verse, used the form extensively. The 97:General Instruction of the Roman Missal 14: 2684: 701: 588: 479:is celebrated. The Christmas sequence 797: 579:(1960) n.470, Retrieved 14 June 2006. 780:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 627:(2002) n.64, Retrieved 14 June 2006. 617:Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani 435:was added to this list. In 1970 the 365:is a collection of these sequences. 329:("Hail, star of the sea!"), and the 217:was ascending from the altar to the 37:"Sequentia" redirects here. For the 2601:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII 2474:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition 762:Blessed Notker Balbulus (Stammerer) 24: 729:. University of California Press. 25: 2723: 2697:Latin religious words and phrases 2631:Sacraments of the Catholic Church 768:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 744: 576:Rubricæ Generales Missalis Romani 84:, before the proclamation of the 857:After the Second Vatican Council 133:The Rex caeli sequence from the 1229:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed 753:History of the Christian Church 677:(1917), Retrieved 14 June 2006. 534:or instrumental accompaniment. 518:Medieval sequences are usually 487:The sequence as a musical genre 2012:General Roman Calendar of 1960 2002:General Roman Calendar of 1954 710:. W. W. Norton & Company. 680: 664: 652: 630: 582: 567: 323:, the anonymous medieval hymn 13: 1: 2569:Fourth Council of the Lateran 695: 463:, dividing into three parts: 2518:Dicastery for Divine Worship 2215:Thanksgiving after Communion 425:. In 1727, the 13th century 7: 995:Chapter and Conventual Mass 727:The Early Medieval Sequence 640:. Cambridge Digital Library 445:and was transferred to the 137:Manuscript of the treatise 72:sung or recited during the 10: 2728: 2584:History of the Roman Canon 2146:Communion under both kinds 1877:Divine Worship: The Missal 36: 26: 2461: 2365: 2342:Priesthood of Melchizedek 2239: 2095: 2026: 1989: 1980: 1906: 1835: 1688: 1571: 1471: 1446: 1248: 1121: 1084: 1077: 1049: 930: 883: 839: 771:"Prose or Sequence"  725:Crocker, Richard (1977). 675:The Catholic Encyclopedia 443:revised, new Roman Missal 276:and became a part of the 269:Media vita in morte sumus 2616:(apostolic constitution) 2590:Lex orandi, lex credendi 2499:Eastern Catholic liturgy 1601:Candles and candlesticks 702:Hoppin, Richard (1978). 561: 502:Victimae paschali laudes 459:before the beginning of 455:in the 34th week of the 384:Victimae paschali laudes 369:Many sequences abolished 2529:Ecclesia de Eucharistia 2321:Origin of the Eucharist 1057:Liturgical use of Latin 759:Catholic Encyclopedia, 82:Christian denominations 43:Sequentia (music group) 2642:Sacrosanctum concilium 2636:Second Vatican Council 2425:Intercession of saints 2420:Holy day of obligation 2017:General Roman Calendar 144: 2712:Medieval music genres 2535:Eucharistic adoration 2357:Year of the Eucharist 1850:Ceremonial of Bishops 1267:prayer over the gifts 777:Catholic Encyclopedia 638:"Olim sudor Herculis" 589:Turner, Paul (2006). 404:Lauda Sion Salvatorem 381:was reduced to four: 290:Book of Common Prayer 168:Veni Creator Spiritus 132: 88:. By the time of the 2670:Tra le sollecitudini 2658:Traditionis custodes 1536:Eucharistic Congress 1352:Memorial Acclamation 1313:Words of Institution 1062:Ecclesiastical Latin 955:Pontifical High Mass 512:Veni Sancte Spiritus 447:Liturgy of the Hours 394:Veni Sancte Spiritus 159:Venantius Fortunatus 117:, often on a sacred 2651:Summorum Pontificum 2596:Liturgical Movement 2557:Eucharistic miracle 2210:Spiritual communion 1997:Tridentine calendar 847:Pre-Tridentine Mass 687:Liturgia Horarum IV 433:Our Lady of Sorrows 423:Masses for the Dead 417:(13th century) for 387:(11th century) for 349:Olim sudor Herculis 76:celebration of the 2395:Calendar of saints 2352:Transubstantiation 2301:Liturgical colours 2283:In persona Christi 2191:Reserved sacrament 2161:Frequent Communion 1795:Processional cross 1606:Triple candlestick 1431:Benedicamus Domino 1405:Communion antiphon 1294:Eucharistic Prayer 1184:Responsorial Psalm 623:2007-03-12 at the 465:Office of Readings 145: 140:Musica enchiriadis 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893:Benedictine Rite 881: 880: 818: 811: 804: 795: 794: 781: 773: 750:Schaff, Philip, 740: 721: 709: 690: 684: 678: 668: 662: 656: 650: 649: 647: 645: 634: 628: 613: 611: 609: 586: 580: 571: 401:(12th century), 375:Missal of Pius V 341:Jacopone da Todi 326:Ave maris stella 90:Council of Trent 29:Sequence (music) 21: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2716: 2702:Medieval poetry 2682: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2614:Missale Romanum 2579:Gregorian chant 2545:Dominicae Cenae 2457: 2405:Code of Rubrics 2367: 2361: 2337:salvific nature 2314:Mysterium fidei 2307:Mirae caritatis 2255:Blood of Christ 2242: 2235: 2156:First Communion 2098: 2087: 2071:Paschal Triduum 2022: 1982:Liturgical year 1976: 1910: 1902: 1831: 1738:Communion-plate 1690: 1684: 1630:Communion bench 1567: 1463: 1454:Leonine Prayers 1442: 1250: 1244: 1233:Apostles' Creed 1146:Penitential Act 1123: 1117: 1092:Vesting prayers 1073: 1041: 1000:Coronation Mass 976: 922: 918:Norbertine Rite 908:Cistercian Rite 903:Carthusian Rite 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1277: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263:Orate fratres 1261: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251:the Eucharist 1247: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1078:Order of Mass 1076: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 987: 985: 983: 982:Ritual Masses 979: 973: 970: 968: 967: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 945: 944:Missa Cantata 941: 939: 936: 935: 933: 929: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 890: 888: 886: 882: 876: 873: 871: 868: 865: 862: 858: 855: 854: 853: 850: 848: 845: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 819: 814: 812: 807: 805: 800: 799: 796: 789: 788: 783: 779: 778: 772: 766: 764: 763: 758: 755: 754: 749: 748: 738: 732: 728: 723: 719: 713: 708: 707: 700: 699: 688: 683: 676: 672: 667: 660: 655: 639: 633: 626: 622: 619: 618: 604: 602:9780814662137 598: 594: 593: 585: 578: 577: 570: 566: 559: 557: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 525: 521: 516: 514: 513: 508: 504: 503: 498: 494: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457:Ordinary Time 454: 453: 448: 444: 440: 439: 434: 430: 429: 424: 420: 416: 415: 410: 407:(c.1264) for 406: 405: 400: 396: 395: 390: 386: 385: 380: 376: 366: 364: 363: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 337: 332: 328: 327: 322: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 302: 298: 297: 296:Swan Sequence 292: 291: 287: 284:rites of the 283: 279: 275: 271: 270: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 231: 229: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 172: 170: 169: 164: 160: 156: 155: 154:Vexilla Regis 150: 142: 141: 136: 131: 122: 120: 116: 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 44: 40: 30: 19: 2692:Latin poetry 2668: 2664:Stercoranism 2656: 2649: 2640: 2626:Pope Paul VI 2613: 2607:Mediator Dei 2605: 2588: 2561: 2543: 2527: 2438: 2387: 2381: 2374: 2368:and concepts 2316:(encyclical) 2313: 2305: 2293: 2281: 2274: 2264: 2228: 2219: 2166:Genuflection 2106: 2050:Septuagesima 2048: 1942:Humeral veil 1882:Sacramentary 1872:Roman Missal 1864: 1625:Chalice veil 1484:Altar server 1472:Participants 1320: 1306: 1279:Sursum corda 1206: 1030:Month's mind 1025:Requiem Mass 1010:Nuptial Mass 964: 942: 875:Anglican Use 785: 775: 760: 751: 726: 705: 686: 682: 674: 666: 661:, see p. 107 654: 642:. Retrieved 632: 616: 606:. Retrieved 591: 584: 575: 569: 553: 536: 517: 510: 500: 490: 480: 450: 436: 428:Stabat Mater 426: 412: 402: 392: 382: 372: 360: 348: 336:Stabat Mater 334: 324: 316:Pange lingua 314: 304: 294: 288: 267: 265: 260: 252: 244: 240: 236: 232: 226: 213:, while the 200: 195: 187: 183: 175: 173: 166: 152: 151:such as the 146: 138: 108:Latin poetry 105: 94: 61: 57: 49: 47: 2539:benediction 2469:Agape feast 2383:Ad orientem 2366:Regulations 2326:Last Supper 2241:Eucharistic 2097:Eucharistic 2061:Passiontide 1845:Antiphonary 1763:Funghellino 1748:Evangeliary 1708:Aspergillum 1670:Purificator 1596:Antependium 1586:Altar rails 1438:Last Gospel 1338:Roman Canon 1097:Asperges me 972:Votive Mass 966:sine populo 950:Solemn Mass 481:Laetabundus 449:to be sung 261:Sequentiale 251:. The name 207:Middle Ages 41:group, see 39:early music 2686:Categories 2451:Lord's Day 2440:Pro multis 2186:Intinction 2171:Head cover 2099:discipline 2078:Eastertide 1952:Pontifical 1886:Lectionary 1768:Holy water 1698:Altar bell 1689:Liturgical 1680:Tabernacle 1655:Misericord 1249:Liturgy of 1122:Liturgy of 1106:Eastertide 1102:Vidi aquam 1069:Vernacular 1037:White Mass 960:Papal Mass 829:Roman Rite 696:References 528:monophonic 452:ad libitum 379:Roman Rite 184:sequentiae 74:liturgical 62:sequentiae 60:, plural: 2563:Fermentum 2550:Holy Hour 2400:Canon law 2266:Epiousion 2134:Canon 915 2129:Canon 844 2108:Abstemius 2066:Holy Week 2019:(current) 1990:Calendars 1908:Vestments 1855:Customary 1785:Manuterge 1758:Flabellum 1558:Subdeacon 1447:Post-Mass 1422:Dismissal 1412:Ablutions 1383:Agnus Dei 1322:anamnesis 1317:elevation 1308:epiclesis 1258:Offertory 1151:Confiteor 1020:Rose Mass 1005:Gold Mass 990:Blue Mass 870:Zaire Use 787:Interview 541:replaced 507:Pentecost 438:Dies Irae 419:All Souls 414:Dies Irae 399:Pentecost 357:satirical 333:sequence 321:Eucharist 306:Dies Irae 241:sequentia 233:jubilatio 176:sequentia 174:The name 119:Christian 112:classical 80:for many 78:Eucharist 58:sequentia 2430:Ordinary 2376:Accentus 2335:and its 2295:Koinonia 2243:theology 2230:Viaticum 1962:Surplice 1932:Dalmatic 1927:Chasuble 1827:Thurible 1728:Crotalus 1723:Ciborium 1635:Corporal 1516:Crucifer 1501:Boat boy 1395:Fraction 1366:doxology 1362:embolism 1303:oblation 1207:sequence 1198:Alleluia 1136:Psalm 43 1124:the Word 1085:Pre-Mass 1050:Language 1015:Red Mass 938:Low Mass 621:Archived 608:26 April 524:melismas 493:couplets 353:Goliards 286:Anglican 253:sequence 211:Alleluia 194:(Latin: 101:Alleluia 50:sequence 2462:Related 2434:Propers 2027:Periods 1967:Tunicle 1947:Pallium 1773:Incense 1753:Fistula 1718:Chalice 1691:objects 1665:Piscina 1645:Kneeler 1479:Acolyte 1343:history 1287:Hosanna 1283:Sanctus 1274:Preface 1193:Epistle 1188:Gradual 1172:Collect 831:of the 827:of the 532:organum 473:Vespers 421:and in 373:In the 309:, St. 282:funeral 280:in the 274:Cranmer 228:jubilus 223:melisma 205:of the 186:in his 135:Bamberg 64:) is a 2446:Sunday 2034:Advent 1898:Tonary 1713:Censer 1650:Lavabo 1553:Priest 1548:Porter 1543:Lector 1521:Deacon 1506:Cantor 1496:Bishop 1489:female 1219:Homily 1214:Gospel 1177:Oremus 1162:Gloria 885:Orders 790:(2018) 756:(1910) 733:  714:  644:2 June 599:  497:Easter 461:Advent 411:, and 389:Easter 331:Marian 237:laudes 215:deacon 196:prosae 192:proses 86:Gospel 2621:Music 2272:Grace 1972:Vimpa 1957:Stole 1922:Amice 1810:wafer 1790:Paten 1743:Cruet 1703:Ashes 1573:Altar 1563:Usher 1531:Laity 1511:Choir 1224:Credo 1203:Tract 1155:Kyrie 931:Types 562:Îťotes 520:modal 499:Day, 469:Lauds 257:rhyme 249:trope 245:sequi 235:, or 149:hymns 115:metre 66:chant 54:Latin 2537:and 2432:and 2386:and 2253:and 2251:Body 2204:must 2202:(or 2200:wine 2198:and 2056:Lent 1884:and 1821:must 1819:(or 1675:Rood 1660:Pall 1591:Ambo 825:Mass 731:ISBN 712:ISBN 646:2015 614:See 610:2011 597:ISBN 471:and 431:for 397:for 219:ambo 203:Mass 70:hymn 1917:Alb 1800:Pyx 1778:use 1373:Pax 1231:or 1186:or 1104:in 339:by 303:'s 198:). 157:of 68:or 2688:: 2548:/ 1429:/ 1364:/ 1319:/ 1315:/ 1311:/ 1305:/ 1285:/ 1281:/ 1265:/ 1205:/ 1153:/ 774:. 673:, 509:, 467:, 391:, 347:' 313:' 299:, 263:. 171:. 103:. 56:: 48:A 2206:) 1823:) 1296:/ 817:e 810:t 803:v 739:. 720:. 648:. 612:. 230:, 52:( 45:. 31:. 20:)

Index

Sequence (poetry)
Sequence (music)
early music
Sequentia (music group)
Latin
chant
hymn
liturgical
Eucharist
Christian denominations
Gospel
Council of Trent
General Instruction of the Roman Missal
Alleluia
Latin poetry
classical
metre
Christian

Bamberg
Musica enchiriadis
hymns
Vexilla Regis
Venantius Fortunatus
Hrabanus Maurus
Veni Creator Spiritus
Notker Balbulus
proses
Mass
Middle Ages

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