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for ten thousand years before there were any men. His descendants, the spirits of the island, came into conflict with people as they cleared fields and populated the island. A powerful priest, unable to deviate from his king's orders to continue cultivating the island, provided Semar with a role that
256:, from whom the various Western peoples are descended, while Semar (known as "Sayang Sis") was the ancestor of both the Hindus and the Javanese. In either case, Semar, in his awkward, ugly human form, represents at the same time god and clown, the most spiritually refined and outwardly rough.
332:
It has also been suggested that Semar is a symbol of the peasantry, not otherwise incorporated in the palace hierarchies; that in some more popular forms of the drama, he and the other clowns dominate the royal heroes supporting this idea.
292:), as the servants and counselors of whoever the hero of the wayang play is. In wayang plots, Semar is never mistaken and is deceptively powerful. He is the only character who dares to protest the gods, including Batara Guru (
229:
would allow his children and grandchildren to stay. Semar's role was to be a spiritual advisor and magical supporter of the royalty, and those of his descendants who also protect the humans of Java can remain there.
145:
In depictions, Semar appears with a flat nose, a protruding lower jaw, a tired eye, and a bulging rear, belly, and chest. He wears a checkered hipcloth, symbolizing sacredness. Like the other panakawan, the
303:
He often represents a realistic view of the world in contrast to the idealistic. His role as a servant is to cheer up those in despair and blunt the pride of the triumphant.
189:, his origin is obscure. One hypothesis is that he and his sons are old indigenous deities who became cursed and demoted to servants with the importation of the
115:
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154:, Semar always leans forward, one hand palm up on his back and the other extended partly forward, moving up and down, with an extended forefinger.
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383:, perhaps originally a treasury, but scholars generally assume that its name was given to the temple centuries after its erection.
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before the start of their performances. Pak Dogol similarly is the most ritually important figures in the Wayang Siam pantheon.
703:(Jul 1970). "Invocations to Nataraja in the Southeast Asian Shadow-Plays: With Special Reference to the Kelantan Shadow-Play".
413:". While an abbreviation of its official title ("Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret"), consensus among academic historians such as
855:
264:
165:-style wayang). In some wayangs, he has a brother Togog (or Hyang Antaga), who is the servant-clown of a demonic hero.
129:("dim, obscure, mysterious"). He is often referred to by the honorific, "Kyai Lurah Semar" ("the venerable chief").
212:
dated 1439. The relief was copied from a wayang story from the period, where Semar was first known to be appeared.
848:
870:
907:
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502:
Yousof, Ghulam-Sarwar. "Dictionary of
Traditional South-East Asian Theatre".Kuala Lumpur: Oxford 1994.
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240:, king of the other gods; however, Semar became a man. Another genealogy says that he is the son of
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puppet does not have the elaborate openwork and ornamentation characteristic of the heroes In
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By tradition Semar has three sons, the other punakawans in the wayang: Gareng, Petruk, and
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his image with that of Semar to appeal to
Indonesia's Javanese population.
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of important families. In this role, he represents an ancestral figure.
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224:(the Javanese creation myth), Semar cultivated a small rice field near
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394:. In Wayang Kulit Kelantan, the counterpart of Semar is Pak Dogol.
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of wayang kulit (known locally as Wayang Siam) who themselves were
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469:
Illiberal
Democracy in Indonesia: The Ideology of the Family State
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402:
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Semar and his sons first appear in the second part of the plays (
185:
As Semar is one of the few characters in wayang stories not from
799:"Wayang Kulit Kelantan: A Study of Characterization and Puppets"
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One genealogy of Semar is that he is the eldest descendant of
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era. In 1358 in relief of
Sudamala in Candi TIgamangi, and in
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Mask of Semar for traditional
Javanese theater performance.
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heroes of the Indian epics. Semar also resembles the
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364:Semar also appears on some ceremonial weapons, the
1240:
248:) was the ancestor of various prophets, such as
106:(clowns) but is divine and very wise. He is the
797:Yousof, Ghulam-Sarwar; Khor, Kheng-Kia (2017).
476:On Thrones of Gold: Three Javanese Shadow Plays
856:
32:
787:, Trustees of the British Museum, 1970, 18.
342:taught and inspired by counterparts in Java
244:. His brother, the Prophet Shith (biblical
863:
849:
796:
691:, III (1922), 169-172; cited in Holt, 145.
121:The name Semar is said to derive from the
490:Art in Indonesia: Continuities and Change
300:, and even compel them to act or desist.
666:. New York: Crown Publishers, 1959; 130.
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497:A fragile nation: the Indonesian crisis
197:clown figure of Indian Sanskrit drama.
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835:Holt, 144-45; cited in Bourchier, 130.
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664:Indonesia: The Art of an Island Group
551:II (1922), 22-23; cited in Holt, 145.
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756:History of Indian and Indonesian Art
669:
633:
547:Budihardja, "Grepen uit de Wajang,"
485:. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1960.
181:with a figure of Semar as the handle
98:mythology who frequently appears in
721:Project, ~ The Koboi (2023-09-13).
603:III (1923), 55; cited in Holt, 145.
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344:once invoked Semar (known here as
204:appearance of Semar is during the
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102:shadow plays. He is one of the
16:Character in Javanese mythology
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478:. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1970.
390:, the counterpart of Semar is
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114:set. He is said to be the god
1:
778:Javanese Shadow Puppets: The
758:, New York: Dover, 1985, 202.
461:
307:compared his role vis-à-vis
7:
705:Journal of the Siam Society
687:H.O., "Petroek als Vorst,"
492:. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1967.
428:
399:Transition to the New Order
371:There is a low rectangular
271:wayang adaptation of Semar.
161:(Bagong does not appear in
10:
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499:. World Scientific, 1999 .
471:. Oxford: Routledge, 2015.
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19:For the Mexican Navy, see
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599:J. Kats, "Wie is Semar?"
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754:Ananda K. Coomaraswamy,
723:"Pak Dogol and Wak Long"
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904:Ghosts in Malay culture
423:deliberately associated
407:Order of Eleventh March
236:, and elder brother to
451:Mythology of Indonesia
346:Pak Dogol or Pak Dogah
283:
272:
220:In one version of the
182:
142:
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815:10.1353/atj.2017.0002
803:Asian Theatre Journal
776:Jeune Scott-Kemball,
405:'s forces dubbed the
360:Other representations
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140:
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879:Indonesian mythology
483:The Religion of Java
1228:Manseren Manggoendi
315:with his father in
28:
1249:Javanese mythology
896:Balinese mythology
892:Aliran Kepercayaan
782:Collection in the
481:Geertz, Clifford.
474:Brandon, James R.
467:Bourchier, David.
388:Balinese mythology
284:
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94:is a character in
54:Legendary creature
44:representing Semar
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116:Sang Hyang Ismaya
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419:David Bourchier
401:in March 1966,
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305:Clifford Geertz
282:puppet of Semar
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730:. Retrieved
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678:Geertz, 277.
663:
658:
653:Brandon, 79.
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644:Geertz, 276.
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612:Brandon, 18.
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560:Brandon, 13.
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348:) alongside
345:
336:Kelantanese
335:
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298:Batari Durga
289:pathet sanga
287:
285:
280:Wayang Kulit
242:Adam and Eve
231:
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156:
148:wayang kulit
144:
126:
120:
91:
90:
60:Sub grouping
1025:Batara Kala
1002:Wewe Gombel
962:Jailangkung
937:Batara Kala
932:Babi ngepet
809:(1): 1–25.
521:Geertz, 23.
415:Claire Holt
397:During the
381:Candi Semar
317:Shakespeare
311:to that of
238:Batara Guru
210:Candi Sukuh
152:wayang wong
133:Description
1243:Categories
1141:Lembuswana
1123:Kalimantan
1055:Setesuyara
957:Keong Emas
732:2024-07-03
630:Khoon, 106
590:Holt, 145.
569:Holt, 160.
533:Holt, 144.
462:References
411:Supersemar
409:document "
313:Prince Hal
200:The first
1200:Hainuwele
1146:Pontianak
947:Genderuwa
823:1527-2109
767:Holt, 53.
379:known as
269:Sundanese
206:Majapahit
191:kshatriya
163:Surakarta
104:punokawan
74:Indonesia
1205:O Tokata
1182:Ebu gogo
1156:Sulawesi
1040:Kala Rau
942:Dewi Sri
429:See also
327:Falstaff
322:Henry IV
254:Muhammad
195:vidusaka
123:Javanese
108:dhanyang
96:Javanese
50:Grouping
1210:Suanggi
1108:Cindaku
1088:Pelesit
1070:Sumatra
967:Jenglot
912:Kejawèn
780:Raffles
456:Kejawen
403:Suharto
375:on the
216:Stories
70:Country
1259:Wayang
1192:Maluku
1136:Kuyang
1060:Twalen
1050:Rangda
1020:Barong
977:Pocong
821:
392:Twalen
366:pusaka
354:Vishnu
309:Arjuna
296:) and
169:Origin
159:Bagong
112:wayang
100:wayang
80:Region
64:Undead
42:Wayang
1220:Papua
1131:Hudoq
1113:Cigau
1045:Leyak
1035:Hyang
992:Tuyul
982:Semar
952:Hyang
908:Hantu
711:: 47.
689:Djawa
601:Djawa
549:Djawa
507:Notes
373:candi
350:Shiva
294:Shiva
250:Jesus
202:known
127:samar
125:word
92:Semar
27:Semar
21:SEMAR
1012:Bali
924:Java
888:Adat
819:ISSN
417:and
352:and
252:and
246:Seth
179:kris
84:Java
811:doi
386:In
319:'s
234:God
1245::
914:•
910:•
906:•
902:•
898:•
894:•
890:•
817:.
807:34
805:.
801:.
725:.
709:58
707:.
671:^
635:^
583:^
538:^
526:^
514:^
329:.
40:A
864:e
857:t
850:v
825:.
813::
735:.
23:.
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