384:
38:
463:. Attalus' ambition to replace Antiochus Hierax as king of Asia Minor led to a major war and several battles during the 230s BC. In short order, Attalus defeated the Galatians, Antiochus Hierax and finally an attempt by Seleucus II to reclaim his control of Asia Minor. After being defeated by Attalus in four battles, Antiochus Hierax fled to Armenia, whose king gave him refuge. Antiochus Hierax then attempted to invade Mesopotamia. Andromachos, his mother's brother, commanded the Seleucid forces on this occasion and defeated him. Fleeing again, Antiochus finally perished in
663:
478:
of
Macedon. Upon returning to Syria after Demetrius II took another wife, Stratonice of Macedon proposed that she marry her nephew, or possibly demanded he avenge the insult to her honour by attacking Demetrius. In either case, Seleucus refused her suggestions and, infuriated, she raised Antioch in
318:
Ptolemy III returned to Egypt in 245 BC, reputedly taking with him 40,000 talents of gold and the statues of
Egyptian gods which had been looted centuries before by the Persians. Seleucus crossed into Babylonia and Mesopotamia first, receiving the loyalty of the empire's Eastern regions and then
319:
marched into Syria where he recovered
Antioch by 244 BC. This was followed by the recapture of the other major cities in the area. By 242 BC, the interior of Northern Syria had been regained and Seleucus was even able to launch raids into Ptolemaic controlled Syria around Damascus.
216:, who reigned from 246 BC to 225 BC. Faced with multiple enemies on various fronts, and not always successful militarily, his reign was a time of great turmoil and fragmentation for the Seleucid Empire, before its eventual restoration under his second son and eventual successor,
482:
In the years after the defeat at Ancyra (237 BC), Seleucus focused on rebuilding his domains, expanding
Antioch and suppressing rebellions in Babylon. By 227 BC, he had stabilised the situation enough to begin contemplating a new offensive against Attalus to retake Asia Minor.
442:
It was after this that
Seleucus attempted to recover Parthia, but the sources indicate he was defeated, or perhaps withdrew in the face of Parthian strength. The recovery of the Seleucid position in the East would have to wait until the reign of his son
411:
had taken the opportunity to establish de facto independence and had begun minting his own coins in 245 BC. However, before
Seleucus was able to turn his attention eastwards, by 238 BC, Andragoras had been killed by
279:). Ptolemy remained in Syria during the winter of 246-245 BC, while Seleucus sent an expedition by sea to retake the area, only to have it wrecked by storms; not the last time he was to be defeated by bad luck.
360:, had set himself up as a rival in Asia Minor against Seleucus, supported by their domineering mother Laodice. Seleucus appears to have launched an attack against Antiochus Hierax, but was unable to take
431:
After the defeat at Ancyra, the
Seleucid garrisons of the region were further weakened and this allowed the Parthians under Arsaces the opportunity to seize more territory, including the city of
491:
Before he could launch this invasion, Seleucus died unexpectedly in 225 BC as the result of a fall from his horse. He was succeeded firstly by his eldest son
Alexander who took the name
479:
rebellion. Seleucus had to besiege the city, which he eventually recaptured. Stratonice fled to
Seleucia, hoping to take refuge with Ptolemy III, but was captured en route and executed.
353:, and controlled much of the trade from Antioch. The Seleucid desire to recover the city would prove to be one of the main causes of the outbreak of the Fourth Syrian war in 219 BC.
345:
was once again accepted as the boundary between the two empires in Syria. Ptolemy did however retain his conquests in Thrace, Ephesus and, most importantly of all, the vital port of
400:
Seleucus then turned to the problems which had developed in the
Eastern provinces of the empire over the last few decades and undertook an expedition to regain
678:
428:. Diodotus had also used the opportunity of Seleucid distraction in the West to gain de facto independence and set himself up as an independent ruler.
1706:
447:. Following this defeat Diodotus II declared himself king of Bactria, officially severing any remaining links with the Seleucid court in 235 BC.
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Seleucus managed to maintain himself in the interior of Asia Minor and made arrangements to shore up his power there. One of his sisters married
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Antiochus Hierax was victorious and Seleucus was barely able to escape with his life. After this Seleucus left the country beyond the
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Silver tetradrachm of Seleukos II Kallinikos, minted in Antioch, featuring a portrait of Seleukos on the obverse. SC 689.6b
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who agreed to an alliance with Parthia, which now acted as a useful barrier to any Seleucid invasion to recover the East.
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Elsewhere, the Seleucids were less successful. In the Aegean, the Ptolemaic armies were able to seize control of
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Seleucus by this time had his hands full dealing with rebellion in Antioch instigated by his aunt, Queen
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In 241 BC, peace was finally agreed and a treaty signed. Ptolemy recognised Seleucus as king and the
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to his brother and the other powers of Anatolia and an uneasy peace between the two prevailed.
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leaning on a tripod. The Greek inscription reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΕΛΕΥΚΟΥ (of King Seleucus).
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means "the Beard"; July/August 265 BC – December 225 BC), was a ruler of the
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The Rise of the Seleukid Empire (323–223 BC): Selukos I to Seluekos III
578:"Laodice (2), Seleucid queen, wife of Antiochus (2) II, c. 285–unknown"
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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as viceroy in Asia Minor and marched against the Ptolemies.
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in July 246 BC, Seleucus was proclaimed king by his mother,
327:
611:
267:. Ptolemy III invaded the Seleucid Empire and landing at
364:. After two years of stalemate, the brothers met at the
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in Thrace, and several cities on the Asian side of the
16:Ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 246 BC to 225 BC
2184:
450:
467:, where he was killed by robbers in c. 226 BC.
275:or beyond (although he did not reach as far as
575:
764:
687:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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283:Defeat in the Third Syrian war and Anatolia
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757:
474:, who had previously been married to King
36:
420:, based in the city of Nissa (modern day
299:, by whom he had five children including
223:
130:Five children with Laodice II, including:
673:
633:
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404:, the results of which came to nothing.
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240:, while his father's second wife, Queen
590:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3581
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2185:
778:
311:. Seleucus then appointed his brother
1703:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
752:
2171:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
387:Coin of Seleucus II. Reverse shows
368:around 237 BC. With the support of
13:
14:
2219:
655:
576:D'Agostini, Monica (2016-03-07),
62:July/August 246 – December 225 BC
2203:3rd-century BC Seleucid monarchs
661:
205:means "beautifully triumphant";
197:Σέλευκος Β΄ ὁ Καλλίνικος ὁ Πώγων
2208:Deaths by horse-riding accident
228:After the death of his father,
569:
527:
509:
256:. However, before her brother
1:
2175:in most of their territories.
973:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
627:
451:The death of Antiochus Hierax
416:, a chieftain of the nomadic
263:This dynastic feud began the
94:
459:now rose to greatness under
293:Ariarathes III of Cappadocia
187:Seleucus II Callinicus Pogon
22:Seleucus II Callinicus Pogon
7:
968:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
582:Oxford Classical Dictionary
495:and later by a younger son
10:
2224:
634:Grainger, John D. (2014).
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455:Meanwhile, in Asia Minor,
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1234:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
1033:Cleopatra VII Philopator
517:"Seleucus II Callinicus"
502:
370:Mithridates II of Pontus
295:and he married his aunt
289:Mithridates II of Pontus
2031:'s attempted rule with
1712:Mithridates V Euergetes
1124:Antiochus III the Great
937:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
878:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
802:Alexander III the Great
695:Seleucus II Callinicus
684:Encyclopædia Britannica
559:A Greek–English Lexicon
497:Antiochus III the Great
309:Antiochus III the Great
144:Antiochus III the Great
1815:Monarchs of Cappadocia
1717:Mithridates VI Eupator
1239:Philip II Philoromaeus
1224:Antiochus XII Dionysus
1214:Demetrius III Eucaerus
1209:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
1194:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
1134:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1129:Seleucus IV Philopator
1114:Seleucus II Callinicus
1013:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
888:Demetrius II Aetolicus
392:
224:Accession and invasion
1757:Monarchs of Commagene
1678:Mithridates I Ctistes
1219:Philip I Philadelphus
1199:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
1189:Antiochus VIII Grypus
1184:Seleucus V Philometor
1169:Antiochus VII Sidetes
1159:Antiochus VI Dionysus
1119:Seleucus III Ceraunus
1018:Berenice IV Epiphanea
963:Ptolemy VI Philometor
947:Ptolemy IV Philopator
942:Ptolemy III Euergetes
807:Philip III Arrhidaeus
741:Seleucus III Ceraunus
550:Liddell, Henry George
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305:Seleucus III Ceraunus
139:Seleucus III Ceraunus
81:Seleucus III Ceraunus
1591:Monarchs of Bithynia
1174:Alexander II Zabinas
1154:Demetrius II Nicator
1071:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
1038:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
1003:Ptolemy XI Alexander
978:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
883:Antigonus II Gonatas
487:Death and succession
407:The Parthian satrap
2173:Hellenistic satraps
1204:Antiochus X Eusebes
1139:Antiochus V Eupator
1081:Cleopatra Selene II
1008:Ptolemy XII Auletes
993:Ptolemy X Alexander
988:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
952:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
893:Antigonus III Doson
640:. Pen & Sword.
244:, declared her son
2077:Monarchs of Epirus
1910:Cimmerian Bosporus
1670:Monarchs of Pontus
1229:Cleopatra Selene I
1109:Antiochus II Theos
1099:Seleucus I Nicator
1066:Demetrius the Fair
1048:Monarchs of Cyrene
724:Antiochus II Theos
620:, p. 186–194.
422:Nisa, Turkmenistan
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291:, another married
71:Antiochus II Theos
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1660:Socrates Chrestus
1149:Alexander I Balas
1144:Demetrius I Soter
1104:Antiochus I Soter
850:Antipater Etesias
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735:246–225 BC
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599:978-0-19-938113-5
356:In the meantime,
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32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:225 BC deaths
2196:
2194:
2193:265 BC births
2191:
2190:
2188:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Neoptolemus I
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:Mithridates I
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Paerisades IV
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:Paerisades II
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Spartokos III
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Ariarathes IX
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Ariarathes VI
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Ariarathes IV
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:Ariarathes II
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Antiochus III
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Mithridates I
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
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1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Nicomedes III
1648:
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1643:
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1638:
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1633:
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1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
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1597:
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1579:
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1569:
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1564:
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1524:
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1514:
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1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:Demetrius III
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:Antimachus II
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Apollodotus I
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Eucratides II
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Euthydemus II
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
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1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Ptolemy Apion
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
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1016:
1014:
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986:
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983:Cleopatra III
981:
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928:
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906:
904:
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831:
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827:
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823:
819:
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790:
786:
781:
774:
769:
767:
762:
760:
755:
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751:
742:
733:
732:
725:
719:
714:
707:
702:
701:
692:
689:
686:
685:
680:
676:
671:
670:public domain
649:
643:
639:
638:
632:
631:
619:
618:Grainger 2014
614:
601:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
565:
561:
560:
555:
554:Scott, Robert
551:
547:
539:
530:
522:
518:
512:
508:
500:
498:
494:
484:
480:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
448:
446:
445:Antiochus III
440:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
405:
403:
390:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
326:, as well as
325:
320:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
219:
218:Antiochus III
215:
212:
208:
204:
192:
188:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
155:
151:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
129:
128:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
104:
100:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
31:
30:
25:
20:
2135:Alexander II
1991:Paerisades V
1954:Spartokos IV
1918:Paerisades I
1893:Ariarathes X
1848:Ariarathes V
1823:Ariarathes I
1805:Antiochus IV
1790:Antiochus II
1722:Pharnaces II
1683:Ariobarzanes
1655:Nicomedes IV
1645:Nicomedes II
1571:Apollophanes
1556:Hippostratos
1471:Heliokles II
1431:Demetrius II
1411:Antimachus I
1373:Eucratides I
1368:Demetrius II
1353:Antimachus I
1338:Euthydemus I
1113:
1023:Ptolemy XIII
998:Berenice III
845:Antipater II
812:Alexander IV
729:
712:
705:
698:
682:
659:
636:
613:
603:, retrieved
581:
571:
557:
529:
520:
511:
493:Seleucus III
490:
481:
476:Demetrius II
469:
454:
441:
433:Hekatompylos
430:
406:
399:
355:
340:
321:
317:
286:
262:
230:Antiochus II
227:
206:
202:
186:
185:
169:Antiochus II
107:(aged 39–40)
27:
2156:Pyrrhus III
2140:Olympias II
2110:Alexander I
1967: [
1964:Spartokos V
1833:Ariamnes II
1780:Antiochus I
1742:Pythodorida
1698:Pharnaces I
1619:Zipoetes II
1614:Nicomedes I
1531:Artemidoros
1526:Menander II
1466:Antialcidas
1451:Agathokleia
1406:Demetrius I
1398:Indo-Greeks
1388:Heliocles I
1343:Demetrius I
1333:Diodotus II
1310:Eumenes III
1305:Attalus III
1280:Philetaerus
1249:Lysimachids
1061:Berenice II
1028:Ptolemy XIV
910:(pretender)
840:Alexander V
822:Antipatrids
780:Hellenistic
499:in 222 BC.
437:Diodotus II
258:Ptolemy III
211:Hellenistic
67:Predecessor
2187:Categories
2146:Pyrrhus II
2125:Alcetas II
2090:Tharrhypas
2057:Gepaepyris
2029:Scribonius
1923:Satyros II
1853:Orophernes
1765:Ptolemaeus
1747:Polemon II
1640:Prusias II
1609:Zipoetes I
1581:Strato III
1506:Theophilos
1486:Philoxenus
1441:Menander I
1421:Agathocles
1363:Agathocles
1328:Diodotus I
1300:Attalus II
1295:Eumenes II
1257:Lysimachus
865:Antigonids
628:References
605:2024-08-25
536:καλλίνικος
521:Livius.org
472:Stratonice
426:Diodotus I
409:Andragoras
351:Seleucus I
336:Hellespont
297:Laodice II
203:Kallinikos
116:Laodice II
2130:Pyrrhus I
2095:Alcetas I
2001:Pharnaces
1976:Kamasarye
1959:Leukon II
1943:Hygiainon
1898:Archelaus
1737:Polemon I
1635:Prusias I
1576:Strato II
1566:Zoilos II
1561:Dionysios
1541:Archebius
1511:Peukolaos
1476:Polyxenos
1416:Pantaleon
1358:Pantaleon
1290:Attalus I
1285:Eumenes I
1091:Seleucids
919:Ptolemies
908:Philip VI
855:Sosthenes
835:Philip IV
830:Cassander
797:Philip II
461:Attalus I
414:Arsaces I
374:Galatians
301:Antiochis
246:Antiochus
134:Antiochis
77:Successor
2161:Deidamia
2142:(regent)
2115:Aeacides
2052:Aspurgus
1945:(regent)
1928:Prytanis
1770:Sames II
1626:(regent)
1599:Boteiras
1546:Telephos
1536:Hermaeus
1491:Diomedes
1461:Strato I
1446:Zoilos I
1272:Attalids
959:(regent)
898:Philip V
457:Pergamon
372:and the
332:Maroneia
248:king in
242:Berenice
159:Seleucid
49:Basileus
29:Basileus
2151:Ptolemy
2105:Arybbas
2085:Admetus
2067:Cotys I
2047:Polemon
2042:Polemon
2038:Dynamis
2033:Dynamis
2024:Dynamis
2020:Asander
2010:Dynamis
2006:Asander
1933:Eumelos
1732:Arsaces
1707:Laodice
1630:Ziaelas
1624:Etazeta
1501:Epander
1496:Amyntas
903:Perseus
789:Argeads
708: ?
672::
562:at the
402:Parthia
324:Ephesus
277:Babylon
254:Cilicia
250:Antioch
238:Ephesos
234:Laodice
179:Laodice
154:Dynasty
51:of the
1727:Darius
1521:Nicias
1516:Thraso
1456:Lysias
782:rulers
715:225 BC
711:
666:
644:
596:
465:Thrace
389:Apollo
378:Taurus
362:Sardis
273:Tigris
175:Mother
165:Father
112:Spouse
97:265 BC
2040:with
2022:with
2008:with
1971:]
1705:with
1378:Plato
1056:Magas
713:Died:
706:Born:
544:πώγων
503:Notes
418:Parni
328:Ainos
207:Pogon
191:Greek
123:Issue
59:Reign
642:ISBN
594:ISBN
330:and
307:and
102:Died
91:Born
1604:Bas
681:".
586:doi
236:in
2189::
1969:ru
592:,
584:,
580:,
556:;
552:;
548:.
540:,
519:.
338:.
303:,
220:.
201:;
193::
95:c.
772:e
765:t
758:v
650:.
588::
566:.
523:.
189:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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