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effort to create a new Hebrew style of music, a style that would tie them to their earliest Hebrew origins and that would differentiate them from the style of the Jewish diaspora of
Eastern Europe, which they viewed as weak. This new style borrowed elements from Arabic and, to a lesser extent, traditional Yemenite and eastern Jewish styles: the songs were often homophonic (that is, without clear harmonic character), modal, and limited in range. "The huge change in our lives demands new modes of expression," wrote composer and music critic Menashe Ravina in 1943. "... and, just as in our language we returned to our historical past, so has our ear turned to the music of the east ... as an expression of our innermost feelings."
375:
1821:. The term "klezmer" was a derogatory term referring to low class street musicians. Often the klezmer performed with non-Jewish musicians and played for non-Jewish functions. As a result of this "mixing" the music constantly evolved through the fusing of styles. This practice still plays a major role in the development of musical style to include Jazz, as evident in Benny Goodman's music and even Texas music as evident in the music on the modern
34:
1998:
3691:. It has been noted that there is a "love of contemporary Jewish conductors for Wagner". While much has been written about Wagner's anti-Semitism in his writings and music, and the Nazi appropriation of his music, research in recent years has analyzed the possibility that Wagner was himself of Jewish ancestry, and explored Wagner's interaction with and attitude towards the Jews through a multi-sided perspective.
26:
3592:, and the virulent Vienna press and Austrian anti-Semites such as Rudolph Louis) argued that no matter how much the composer in question attempted to pass himself off as a good Austrian/German and a good Christian, he and his music would remain fundamentally and unalterably Jewish (in the context, with an obviously negative connotation). Therefore, when
1718:
pragmatic level, of teaching Hebrew to new immigrants. The national labor organization, the
Histadrut, set up a music publishing house that disseminated songbooks and encouraged public sing-alongs (שירה בציבור). This tradition of public sing-alongs continues to the present day, and is a characteristic of modern Israeli culture.
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and other cities in pre-Nazi
Austria and Germany. During the late 19th century and early 20th century, after Jews moved out of the Austrian-Hungarian provinces into Vienna, they "comprised a third of the students of the city's conservatories and more than half of its music audiences. Jewish children
1983:
traditions and Jewish sources preserved over time. "Nevertheless the Jews practiced a corporeal expressive language that was highly differentiated from that of the non-Jewish peoples of their neighborhood, mainly through motions of the hands and arms, with more intricate legwork by the younger men."
3743:
The feeling of cultural outrage was much more important than anti-Semitism as such; or rather, it turned into anti-Semites, at any rate for the moment, people who normally never expressed such feelings. It was he Jew-as-Iconoclast which aroused the really deep rage... Mahler had begun it; Schönberg
3552:
However, the issue in both cases is not so simple: although his father urged him to drop the name "Mendelssohn" in concert programs to purge any reference to his Jewish past, Felix "retained the name... despite his father's protests, and though undoubtedly a sincere
Lutheran, retained a respect for
1781:
Judaism therefore, as known, went beyond its own tradition by crossing the boundaries of every culture, appropriating it "almost carelessly" then, as natural to the intrinsic innate ancestral identity, "sweetening it with the most extreme Jewish characteristics": a religion like
Judaism can only be
1717:
The youth, labor and kibbutz movements played a major role in musical development before and after the establishment of
Israeli statehood in 1948, and in the popularization of many of these songs. The Zionist establishment saw music as a way of establishing a new national identity, and, on a purely
4046:
With the exception of those living in isolated Jewish communities, most Jews listed here as contributing to secular Jewish culture also participated in the cultures of the peoples they lived with and nations they lived in. In most cases, however, the work and lives of these people did not exist in
1713:
From the earliest days of
Zionist settlement, Jewish immigrants wrote popular folk music. At first, songs were based on borrowed melodies from German, Russian, or traditional Jewish folk music with new lyrics written in Hebrew. Starting in the early 1920s, however, Jewish settlers made a conscious
3756:
Again, although these critics meant their identifications of Mahler and
Schoenberg as Jewish in an offensive way, this context provides a legitimate reason to claim them as Jewish composers today, though now in a neutral or positive sense. Despite the three above examples, however, a majority of
3765:, but retained at least the identification of Jewishness. It is the dual existence of people who disassociated themselves with Judaism yet remained affiliated with the Jewish people, and those who wished to retain the Jewish religion but eliminate any distinct Jewish culture by blending into
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were famous for mixing Jazz with klezmer as is modern Texas klezmer Bill
Averbach. Since a great deal of Jazz music consisted of musical cooperation of Jewish and African-American musicians or black musicians funded by Jewish producers, the art form became "the racist's worst nightmare".
2609:. But Jewish musicians, except as converts, had played no part in European musical development. Hence the entry, in considerable numbers, of Jewish composers and performers on the musical scene in the middle decades of the nineteenth century was a phenomenon, and a closely observed one.
3616:
claimed that deceased, and therefore unable to object composers are personifications of their ideology does not mean that they would have approved of such a label). The claim of "fundamental
Jewishness" was repeated, but with a completely opposite meaning, by 20th century Jews like
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his Jewish history. His professional and social success may have emboldened him to be more forthrightly pro-Jewish than other converts". Mahler wrote what have been perceived as Jewish references in his works, including klezmer-like passages in the third movement of the
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At the start of the nineteenth century there were virtually no Jewish professionals in music and the standard of music in Jewish synagogues was generally appalling. Yet by the end of the same century throughout Europe Jews held leading positions as conductors,
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While orchestral and operatic music works by Jewish composers would in general be considered secular, many Jewish (as well as non-Jewish) composers have incorporated Jewish themes and motives into their music. Sometimes this is done covertly, such as the
3965:
1777:
Patriotic folk songs are common, mostly written during the wars of Israel. They typically concern themselves with soldiers' friendships and the sadness of death during war. Some are now played at memorials or holidays dedicated to the Israeli dead.
1742:"), folk songs are meant mainly to be sung in public by the audience or in social events. Some are children's songs; some combine European folk tunes with Hebrew lyrics; some come from military bands and others were written by poets such as
2062:, and in some specific forms of popular music have become or are dominant. This is true to a lesser extent in Europe, but some of the first influential Jewish popular songwriters in the US were actually immigrants from Europe, such as
3065:(though ostensibly imitating the sound of a local Moravian town band), and this type of Jewish reference was most common during the 19th century when openly displaying one's Jewishness would most likely hamper a Jew's chances at
2683:(in that order), the Jewish contribution to the European music scene steadily increased, but in the form of mainstream European music, not specifically Jewish music. Notable examples of Jewish Romantic composers (by country) are
1870:
and various popular tunes from Spain and further abroad. There are three types of Sephardic songs—topical and entertainment songs, romance songs and spiritual or ceremonial songs. Lyrics can be in several languages, including
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varies widely, as do the content. Some songs show a leftist or right-wing bent, while others are typically love songs, lullabies or other formats; some are also socialist in subject, due to the long-standing influence of
3757:
Jewish artists and intellectuals in Austria, Germany and France during the 19th century and early 20th century assimilated culturally either by keeping the Jewish religion but living a mainstream European lifestyle (as
1829:
3633:
Regarding Wagner himself, it often seems ironic to some that many of the most influential and popular interpreters of his work have been Jewish conductors such as the aforementioned Mahler and Bernstein, as well as
1681:
Modern Israeli music is heavily influenced by its constituents, which include Jewish immigrants from more than 120 countries around the world, which have brought their own musical traditions, making Israel a global
1816:
traditions extending back into Biblical times, and their musical legacy of klezmer continues to evolve today. The repertoire is largely dance songs for weddings and other celebrations. They are typically in
4204:
Ellis Island Interviews: Immigrants Tell Their Stories In their Own Words. Coan, Peter M. Fall River Press, 1997 p. 268 Interview & biography of Isabel Belarsky - daughter of Sidor Belarsky on Google
3621:(regarding Mahler), who viewed that the dual Jewishness and success of the composers is something to be championed and celebrated. A persuasive argument to the Jewishness of Mahler comes from his wife,
1831:
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acquired musical instruction at rates exceeding three times that of the non-Jewish population. Beyond Vienna, Jews were also to a certain extent prominent in Paris and New York City (the latter's
1655:
traditions and Jewish sources preserved over time. Jewish musical contributions on the other hand tend to reflect the cultures of the countries in which Jews live, the most notable examples being
3629:
He was not a man who ever deceived himself, and he knew that people would not forget he was a Jew.... Nor did he wish it forgotten.... He never denied his Jewish origin. Rather he emphasized it.
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very loosely connected to the Jewish experience. While little-known today, this "work by a Jewish composer in which anti-Semitism is a motivating force" was an extremely potent influence on
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of music; a Jew was the most successful opera composer of the century, and the Jews were commonly held, what would have seemed nonsensical a hundred years earlier, to be a 'musical people'.
1790:
in "She Taught Me To Yodel", masterful model among many of the pioneering so-called secular Jewish culture then "reduced to a simple Jewish religious exercise of ethnic-cultural conquest".
2771:. During the 20th century the number of Jewish composers and notable instrumentalists increased, as did their geographical distribution. Jewish composers were most heavily concentrated in
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two distinct cultural spheres but rather in one that incorporated elements of both. This person had one Jewish parent and one non-Jewish parent, and therefore exemplified this phenomenon
1984:
In general, however, in most religiously traditional communities, members of the opposite sex dancing together or dancing at times other than at these events was frowned upon.
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1686:. The Israeli music is very versatile and combines elements of both western and eastern music. It tends to be very eclectic and contains a wide variety of influences from the
3324:. Jewish classical performers have most frequently been violinists (as can be expected from the violin's importance in klezmer), pianists and cellists. Notable examples are
3174:
is a reference to klezmer. Finally, many non-Jewish (mostly, but not all, Russian) composers have composed classical music with clear Jewish themes and inspiration, such as
1906:. Sephardic music adapted to each of these locals, assimilating North African high-pitched, extended ululations; Balkan rhythms, for instance in 9/8 time; and the Turkish
3731:
Both Mahler and Schoenberg were Jewish composers who converted to a form of Christianity to avoid anti-Semitism, but were still attacked by the anti-Semitic elements of
4315:, A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust. Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, 2005. Accessed 12 February 2006.
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made contributions as both educators within the halls of academe as well as performers on the international concert hall stage. Still other operatic virtuosos such
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2044:
The below two sections address instances in which Jews have contributed musically using originally non-Jewish forms or the forms used by the mainstream culture,
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The most compelling reason why Mendelssohn and Mahler are commonly considered Jewish composers are because they have been repeatedly identified as such both by
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in 1898, during the rise of the Nazis in 1933 he openly embraced and returned to Judaism. The result was a number of later works dealing with Judaism and the
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The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Randel, Don Michael. The Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press. 1996 p. 6 Samuel Adler on Google Books
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are Jewish. However, the latter especially has been dominated by Jewish composers and lyricists throughout its history and to a certain extent still today.
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sound as well as Middle Eastern percussion elements. Mizrahi music is usually high pitched. In today's Israeli music scene, Mizrahi music is very popular.
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There are some genres and forms of classical music that Jewish composers have been associated with, including notably during the Romantic period French
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has also a been medium for Jewish secular musical expression. Many Israeli secular musicians explore topics such as the Jewish and Israeli people,
1963:
Deriving from Biblical traditions, Jewish dance has long been used by Jews as a medium for the expression of joy and other communal emotions. Each
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3728:. During this time Schoenberg also began to concern himself with the historical situation of the Jewish people in his essays and other writings.
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hopes and dreams and glorify the life of idealistic Jewish youth who intend on building a home and defending their homeland. A common theme is
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The Jewish musical tradition, for instance, was far older than anyone else's in Europe. Music remained an element in Jewish services, and the
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is primarily considered an art form with African-American originators, many Jewish musicians have contributed to it including clarinetists
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2916:(who took the story of anti-Semitism and assimilation personally, also calling it "one of the very greatest works ever written") to the
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made their mark by performing on the concert hall stage and also serving as administrators for leading operatic companies such as the
2012:
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2585:, Southern France and Italy, the vast majority of Jewish classical composers were active during the Romantic period (following the
1638:
1502:
3265:). Many operatic works by non-Jewish composers show a direct connection with and sympathy for the Jewish people and history, like
3149:). However, even during the 20th century some Jewish composers often quoted Jewish music within non-Jewish contexts; for example,
3966:"'In the midst of many peoples' – some nineteenth-century Jewish composers and their Jewishness.(Cultural Histories)(Biography)."
3537:(although this highly spiritual piece has also been interpreted as fundamentally Jewish at its core), the fifth movement of the
3512:
society and therefore leave persecution in favor of prosperity, Mendelssohn wrote overtly and unapologetically Christian music (
4300:
4129:
341:
3561:; in addition, the previously mentioned fifth movement of the Second Symphony includes a passage that many believe imitates
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Since Biblical times, music has held an important role in many Jews' lives. Jewish music has been influenced by surrounding
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2070:, or children of immigrants. The most visible early forms of American popular music in which Jews have contributed are the
2008:
4060:
3880:
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2438:"Popular" music in Europe during the early 20th century would have been considered to be lighter classical forms such as
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eternally rooted in its people, because it professes to testify; like many, we also remember the example of the Austrian
58:
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3600:", both Mendelssohn and Mahler were banned as Jewish composers; they were contrasted with "good" German composers like
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achieving international stature. As of January 2006, the principal music directors of the American Symphony Orchestra,
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3069:. During the 20th century, however, many Jewish composers wrote music with direct Jewish references and themes, e.g.
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2233:. With the mid-1960s rise of the singer-songwriter, some (King, Diamond, Sedaka) became performers; others (such as
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2450:, a Roman Catholic convert, was an ethnically Jewish composer of operettas in the second half of the 20th century.
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until the 19th century, with very few exceptions, normally enabled by specific aristocratic protection, such as
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Around the 15th century, a tradition of secular (non-liturgical) Jewish music was developed by musicians called
3238:
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3042:'s compositions are also noteworthy for using several contemporary techniques including: atonality, serialism,
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After Jews were admitted to mainstream society in England (gradually after their return in the 17th century),
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performers were mostly either African Americans or Southern Whites, Jewish songwriters played a key role:
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community developed its own dance traditions for wedding celebrations and other distinguished events. For
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in the United States and Europe. However, other music is unique to particular Jewish communities, such as
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3612:(to a lesser degree concerning Wagner but especially in the case of Beethoven, the fact that the Nazi
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and religion were preserved) that show the complexities of both Judaism and secular Jewish culture.
4358:, Jewish Virtual Library, credited to the Israeli Foreign Ministry. 2005. Accessed 12 February 2006
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society in this region and period (as opposed to Eastern Europe at the same time, where both the
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society as fundamentally Jewish and therefore a corrupting and perverse influence. According to
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being performed at the royal courts. Since then, it has picked up influences from across Spain,
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Menashe Ravina, "The Songs of the People of Israel", published by Hamossad Lemusika Ba'am, 1943
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in Eastern Europe, for example, dances, whose names corresponded to the different forms of
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4216:"Jewish Frontier" Labor Zionist Letters Inc. 1995 p. 22 Sidor Belarsky On Google Books
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and most frequently today, Jewish conductors have also been prominent, with many like
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Brigham Young University Special Collections - Biography of Sidor Belarsky on lib.byu
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3887:, on the Austin Lindy Hop site. Credited as PBS biography. Accessed 12 February 2006.
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Jewish musicians have also been part of the progressive rock/metal movement, such as
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Case study in secular Jewish culture: Jewish identity in 19th-century central Europe
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2577:(whose work is considered the beginning of "Jewish art music"). Although during the
2493:. In addition to these and classical music, Israel is host to a wealth of styles of
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Shep Fields Obituary - United Press International Feb. 23, 1981 on UPI.com/Archive
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during weddings and other occasions. The result was a lack of a Jewish presence in
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2784:). During the rise of the Nazis in the 1930s, when works by Jews were labelled as
2526:, as in 1980, 1984 and 1997) It has won four times, in 1978, 1979, 1998 and 2018.
2522:, an annual, continental pop music event, every year (except when it clashes with
2446:, and in these Jewish involvement was very large, especially in Vienna and Paris.
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band music that many critics and observers believe lies in the third movement of
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Jews have also contributed to popular music, primarily in the United States and
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Jonathan D. Green, Scarecrow Press, Oxford, 1994, Chapter II – Survey of Works
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music that were played, were an obvious staple of the wedding ceremony of the
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2743:. There were very many notable Jewish violin and pianist virtuosi, including
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2292:. Many American rock and metal bands have at least one Jewish musician: both
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2473:. Israeli popular music for the most part uses borrowed American forms like
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Research regarding the Jewish identity of composers usually focuses on the
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3533:. Mahler also wrote Christian-inspired music in the fifth movement of the
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and numerous chamber and other vocal pieces), and on one occasion he even
3508:. While in both cases the conversion was made to assimilate with European
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3919:. Academy BJE, NSW Board of Jewish Education. Accessed 12 February 2006.
4415:; preparatory work to his doctoral dissertation provisionally entitled
4274:; preparatory work to his doctoral dissertation provisionally entitled
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In addition to composers, many Jews have been prominent music critics,
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4016:, archived 26 March 2005 from the site of Reich College of Education,
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3931:, Jewish Music Institute, 29 October 2005. Accessed 12 February 2006.
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2792:), many European Jewish composers emigrated to the United States and
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651:
3834:, Le site genevois de la musique klezmer. Accessed 12 February 2006.
2999:(the latter is also considered the inventor of spatialization), and
3664:
3521:
3484:
3429:
3162:
3099:
2943:, a system of composition which was later used by Jewish composers
2905:
2897:
2550:
2454:
was one of the dominant figures in the evolution of cabaret music.
2439:
2329:
2249:
1851:
1691:
1687:
1273:
1108:
1068:
1038:
993:
924:
614:
152:
87:
82:
3843:
3761:
had wished in earlier decades) or renouncing religion in favor of
3766:
3489:
3281:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3154:
3055:
2716:
2657:
2566:
2462:
2443:
2361:
2122:
1980:
1972:
1899:
1859:
1818:
1799:
1754:
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1652:
1346:
1336:
1088:
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1023:
959:
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874:
774:
676:
646:
604:
592:
582:
284:
105:
70:
4445:
4395:'A Vulture is Almost an Eagle': The Jewishness of Richard Wagner
4384:, March 2001 (exact date not given). Accessed 12 February 2006.
3732:
3562:
3505:
3425:
3385:
2772:
2602:
2428:
1976:
1867:
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1341:
1215:
1103:
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983:
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949:
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909:
889:
869:
864:
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749:
641:
279:
65:
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was almost as pivotal a figure in local Jewish society as the
1945:) music. Typical Mizrahi songs will have a dominant violin or
2606:
1903:
1783:
1766:
1474:
1093:
1048:
988:
934:
919:
814:
75:
4448:
of Jewish composers with sheet music published by IMSLP.com.
2435:
artist that has used the medium to express religious ideas.
1694:
songs, Asian and Arab pop, especially Yemenite singers, and
2086:
1934:
1855:
969:
939:
894:
729:
3038:
combined atonalism and Jewish folk motives in her pieces.
4227:
The New York Times Obituary: Beverly Sills on nytimes.com
2656:
and synagogue, according to a large number of analytical
2518:
Israel has, since 1973, participated in the annual event
1058:
4369:
Was it Self-Hatred that Fueled Wagner's 'Anti-Semitism'?
3744:
carried it on; both were Jews, and they corrupted young
2237:) managed to continue to work primarily as songwriters.
1882:
These song traditions spread from Spain to Morocco (the
3003:
was famous for writing a series of compositions mixing
2923:
In the 20th century, Jewish composers were pioneers of
2109:
bandleaders made significant contributions in bringing
1854:
Jews. Sephardic music was born in medieval Spain, with
1786:, just apparently foreign to the Jewish religion, with
4282:
magazine", but give no date. Accessed 12 February 2006
4120:
A Conductor's Guide to Choral-Orchestral Works, Part 1
3582:
and Jews. In both cases contemporaries (respectively,
122:
3662:(who was chosen by Wagner to conduct the premiere of
2883:. The most prolific composers of this genre included
4341:(trans., New York 1946), pg. 90; quoted in Johnson,
3694:
Much less complex and disputed is the Jewishness of
2047:
1979:. Jewish dances both were influenced by surrounding
4239:
Measuring Mahler, in Search of a Jewish Temperament
2715:during this time were native not to what is today
2597:summarizes the dynamics of this cultural pattern:
2581:small numbers of Jewish composers were present in
1812:by Ashkenazi Jews in Eastern Europe. They draw on
1753:The canonical songs of this genre often deal with
3988:. Self-published 2005. Accessed 12 February 2006.
3500:to remove his most powerful obstacle to success (
4453:
4088:Metropolitan Opera International Radio Broadcast
3821:She Taught Me To Yodel – Israel Shalom (YouTube)
2499:, featuring the influences and contributions of
1933:which combines Israeli music with the flavor of
1929:Mizrahi music usually refers to the new wave of
4293:Gustav Mahler and the Crisis of Jewish Identity
4155:Ruben Frankenstein, Ravel's Chants hébraïques,
3832:Yiddish, Klezmer, Ashkenazic or 'shtetl' dances
3220:and "Fregt di velt di alte kashe" in Yiddish),
3157:melodies and Hebrew songs for a few numbers in
2719:but rather the outer provinces of the Empire),
4090:Information Center. Accessed 12 February 2006.
3975:. Thomson Gale. UC Irvine (CDL). 09 March 2006
3529:to avoid looking like related Jewish composer
2979:devised his own form of twelve-tone tonality,
2469:, agriculture and the land of Israel, and the
1632:
335:
4254:, 23 August 2002. Accessed 12 February 2006.
4163:, 8 October 1994. Accessed 12 February 2006.
2935:in his middle and later periods devised the
2565:, with the exception of the performances of
1835:"Numi Numi" (Sleep my Child), Jewish lullaby
1733:
127:
3986:On The Hebraic Roots of the Gregorian Chant
3478:; the former, although the grandson of the
2561:, virtually all Jewish music in Europe was
2078:. Approximately half of the members of the
1850:Sephardic music is the unique music of the
1702:(including a generally Israeli subgenre of
4406:Wagner's Magic Lamp: an ongoing mystery...
3856:Shep Fields Biography on bigbandlibary.com
2529:
1639:
1625:
342:
328:
4183:, nextbook.org. Accessed 12 February 2006
3161:, and many also believe that the opening
4157:Mendele: Yiddish literature and language
3846:on jinfo.org. Accessed 12 February 2006.
3261:, and was dedicated to the Jews and the
2959:were leading composers in the school of
2533:
2023:by adding descriptive text and removing
1827:
4042:
4040:
4454:
4324:Francesca Draughon and Raymond Knapp,
4291:Francesca Draughon and Raymond Knapp,
4278:. Notes say "from a recent article in
3388:) are of Jewish descent (respectively
1690:and more modern cultural importation.
3999:The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music
2780:being heavily multiplied by waves of
1987:
1721:
4037:
3837:
1991:
1930:
4356:The Controversy Over Richard Wagner
4339:Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters
2276:; more purely on the rock side are
1839:
1734:
13:
3698:. Although he was brought up as a
3378:Pittsburgh Symphony Pops Orchestra
1774:on Jews in parts of the Diaspora.
32:
24:
14:
4478:
4439:
4299:, Volume 3 Issue 2. Published by
3596:suppressed what they considered "
3346:Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra
2641:On the other hand, the origin of
2048:Jews in mainstream and jazz music
163:We Are Both from the Same Village
4132:Samuel Adler on books.google.com
3898:Artie Shaw: King of the Clarinet
2388:. Two prominent UK examples are
2229:songwriters were Jewish, as was
1996:
1670:
373:
4422:
4387:
4361:
4348:
4332:
4318:
4306:
4285:
4257:
4231:
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4209:
4197:
4186:
4166:
4149:
4135:
4112:
4099:Alex Ross, "The Ray of Death",
4093:
4065:
4054:
4023:
3991:
3978:
3958:
3945:
3934:
3922:
3336:, respectively. Beginning with
1400:List of Jews in the visual arts
3903:
3890:
3871:
3860:
3849:
3825:
3814:
3805:
3496:, and the latter converted to
3075:Symphony – "Songs of the Soul"
2939:and was a primary advocate of
2735:from Russia. Singers included
2225:, and nearly all of the other
1513:Jewish athletes and Yom Kippur
1:
3798:
3541:, the fourth movement of the
3350:Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
2207:Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
1405:List of Jewish film directors
4419:. Accessed 12 February 2006.
4303:. Accessed 12 February 2006.
4108:. Accessed 12 February 2006.
4018:Appalachian State University
3971:36.1 (Spring 2003): 36(24).
3515:Symphony No. 5 "Reformation"
2828:(the former perished at the
2145:, trumpeters and cornetists
7:
3776:
3384:and Tonhalle Orchestra (in
3370:National Symphony Orchestra
2824:from Bohemia and later the
2177:, and singers and pianists
1886:) and several parts of the
10:
4483:
3589:Das Judenthum in der Musik
3557:and first movement of the
3440:. Other vocalists such as
3362:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
3239:Symphony No. 13 "Babi Yar"
3109:Symphony No. 3 – Jerusalem
2589:) and even more so in the
2244:and rock forms, including
2240:Many worked with a mix of
2051:
1956:
1952:
1922:
1918:
1843:
1797:
1793:
1761:as well as other parts of
1725:
1674:
1503:Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
4265:Mendelssohn the Christian
4082:27 September 2007 at the
3915:27 September 2007 at the
3354:Boston Symphony Orchestra
3191:Overture on Hebrew Themes
3147:Psalm of the Instant Dove
3125:Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
1875:for religious songs, and
576:Jewish diaspora languages
3793:List of Jewish musicians
3209:Deux mélodies hébraïques
2995:were noted composers of
2844:from the United States,
2571:European classical music
2442:and entertainments like
2080:Songwriters Hall of Fame
3929:Western Classical Music
3752:– so the argument went.
3480:most famous philosopher
3233:From Jewish Folk Poetry
2802:Alexander von Zemlinsky
2629:, theatrical producer,
2530:Jews in classical music
2520:Eurovision Song Contest
2348:drummer and co-founder
2193:. Some artists such as
2025:less pertinent examples
1612:Category:Jewish culture
1410:Jews in American cinema
4237:Adam Joachim Goldman,
4008:27 August 2005 at the
3997:Stanley Sadie, Chant,
3973:Expanded Academic ASAP
3788:Secular Jewish culture
3754:
3713:A Survivor from Warsaw
3631:
3527:changed his appearance
3382:San Francisco Symphony
2832:extermination camps),
2701:Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst
2685:Charles-Valentin Alkan
2639:
2611:
2554:
2524:Holocaust Memorial Day
1836:
1486:List of Jews in sports
38:
30:
4179:16 April 2007 at the
4012:is reproduced on the
3741:
3627:
3418:Michael Tilson Thomas
3374:New York Philharmonic
3310:Abraham Zevi Idelsohn
3129:Violin Concerto no. 2
2937:twelve-tone technique
2622:
2599:
2537:
2471:Arab–Israeli conflict
1834:
36:
28:
4374:1 April 2008 at the
4244:1 April 2008 at the
4104:, 24 November 2003.
4003:The relevant passage
4001:(London:Macmillan).
3883:6 April 2007 at the
2284:, pop bands such as
1894:) including Greece,
1748:Chaim Nachman Bialik
1491:Association football
830:Crossing the Red Sea
181:Israeli folk dancing
4313:Nazi Approved Music
4086:on the site of the
4077:to Teach Humanities
3454:New York City Opera
3222:Dmitri Shostakovich
3027:and other forms of
2983:helped develop the
2868:from Argentina and
2711:from Bohemia (most
2559:Jewish Emancipation
2274:Simon and Garfunkel
2201:Although the early
2021:improve the article
1667:of Eastern Europe.
880:Gathering of Israel
558:Judeo-Tripolitanian
268:Passover (Haggadah)
123:Mainstream and jazz
3984:Kevin J. Symonds,
3494:Reformed Christian
3450:Metropolitan Opera
3366:Berlin State Opera
3358:Metropolitan Opera
3330:Vladimir Ashkenazy
3272:Samson and Delilah
2929:contemporary music
2822:Jaromír Weinberger
2733:Nikolai Rubinstein
2727:from Germany, and
2555:
2113:into the American
2111:racial integration
1988:Not Jewish in form
1837:
1722:Israeli folk music
1448:Biblical cosmology
1375:Ancient Jewish art
1124:Valley of the ants
860:Conquest of Canaan
800:Sodom and Gomorrah
206:Music for holidays
39:
31:
4467:Jewish secularism
4174:Hidden Sympathies
4130:978-0-8108-4720-0
4106:Reproduced online
4029:Libo and Skakun,
4020:, North Carolina.
3771:Jewish peoplehood
3759:Moses Mendelssohn
3702:and converted to
3696:Arnold Schoenberg
3619:Leonard Bernstein
3567:programmatic text
3498:Roman Catholicism
3472:Felix Mendelssohn
3432:singers, such as
3424:). A few notable
3342:Leonard Bernstein
3322:Robert Strassburg
3248:Abraham and Isaac
3227:Second Piano Trio
3200:Chanson hébraïque
3117:Arnold Schoenberg
3090:Chichester Psalms
3079:Leonard Bernstein
3023:have worked with
2933:Arnold Schoenberg
2893:Jacques Offenbach
2885:Giacomo Meyerbeer
2850:Alexandre Tansman
2814:Theodor W. Adorno
2778:Jewish population
2725:Giacomo Meyerbeer
2721:Felix Mendelssohn
2587:French Revolution
2448:Jacques Offenbach
2419:(drummer for the
2042:
2041:
1892:Eastern Tradition
1884:Western Tradition
1832:
1732:Termed in Hebrew
1649:
1648:
1541:Ancient Israelite
1385:Judeo-Tat theatre
900:David and Goliath
352:
351:
158:Jerusalem of Gold
29:Menorah(מְנוֹרָה)
4474:
4433:
4426:
4420:
4411:19 July 2012 at
4400:23 July 2012 at
4391:
4385:
4365:
4359:
4352:
4346:
4336:
4330:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4289:
4283:
4280:European Judaism
4270:14 July 2012 at
4261:
4255:
4235:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4172:James Loeffler,
4170:
4164:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4143:"Laderman, Ezra"
4139:
4133:
4116:
4110:
4097:
4091:
4069:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4044:
4035:
4027:
4021:
4014:Internet Archive
3995:
3989:
3982:
3976:
3969:European Judaism
3962:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3907:
3901:
3894:
3888:
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3869:
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3858:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3636:Daniel Barenboim
3598:degenerate music
3492:and raised as a
3402:Daniel Barenboim
3257:of a passage of
3186:Sergei Prokofiev
3171:Rhapsody in Blue
3138:The Eternal Road
3084:Kaddish Symphony
3029:Postmodern music
3017:Alfred Schnittke
3009:electronic music
3001:Mario Davidovsky
2891:, and the later
2889:Fromental Halévy
2866:Mario Davidovsky
2854:Alfred Schnittke
2798:Arnold Schönberg
2786:degenerate music
2693:Fromental Halévy
2662:music historians
2631:music publishers
2579:Classical period
2545:composer of the
2539:Fromental Halévy
2479:alternative rock
2452:Serge Gainsbourg
2117:), saxophonists
2105:(the latter two
2037:
2034:
2028:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1965:Jewish diasporic
1840:Sephardic/Ladino
1833:
1823:Austin Klezmorim
1737:
1736:
1641:
1634:
1627:
850:Ten Commandments
377:
354:
353:
344:
337:
330:
198:Yemenite dancing
135:Jewish art music
21:
20:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4452:
4451:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4427:
4423:
4392:
4388:
4376:Wayback Machine
4367:Elaine Baruch,
4366:
4362:
4353:
4349:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4290:
4286:
4262:
4258:
4246:Wayback Machine
4236:
4232:
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4210:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4187:
4181:Wayback Machine
4171:
4167:
4154:
4150:
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4140:
4136:
4117:
4113:
4098:
4094:
4084:Wayback Machine
4070:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4045:
4038:
4028:
4024:
4010:Wayback Machine
3996:
3992:
3983:
3979:
3964:Conway, David.
3963:
3959:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3917:Wayback Machine
3910:Jews & Jazz
3908:
3904:
3895:
3891:
3885:Wayback Machine
3876:
3872:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3779:
3748:composers like
3681:Sir Georg Solti
3652:Erich Leinsdorf
3572:Unetanneh Tokef
3569:resembling the
3547:Eighth Symphony
3543:Fourth Symphony
3535:Second Symphony
3469:German-speaking
3462:
3428:also worked as
3414:Marvin Hamlisch
3406:Leonard Slatkin
3314:Julius Korngold
3306:Eduard Hanslick
3290:music theorists
3263:State of Israel
3244:Igor Stravinsky
3048:aleatoric music
3011:. In addition,
2953:George Rochberg
2912:composers from
2834:George Gershwin
2769:Ignaz Moscheles
2749:Ferdinand David
2673:Austria-Hungary
2643:Gregorian chant
2615:music historian
2532:
2459:music in Israel
2417:Rod Morgenstein
2161:, vibraphonist
2119:Michael Brecker
2076:musical theater
2068:Sigmund Romberg
2056:
2050:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2018:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1961:
1955:
1931:music in Israel
1927:
1921:
1848:
1846:Sephardic music
1842:
1828:
1802:
1796:
1738:("songs of the
1730:
1728:Music of Israel
1724:
1679:
1677:Music of Israel
1673:
1645:
1616:
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1596:
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1508:Maccabiah Games
1480:
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1380:Yiddish theatre
1369:
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1236:Medieval Hebrew
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1145:
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1129:
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977:Jewish folklore
765:Forbidden Fruit
724:
723:
708:
707:
706:
692:Judeo-Malayalam
500:Lishanid Noshan
393:
392:
348:
302:L'Shana Haba'ah
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4464:
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4441:
4440:External links
4438:
4435:
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4421:
4417:Jewry in Music
4393:David Conway,
4386:
4360:
4347:
4331:
4317:
4305:
4284:
4276:Jewry in Music
4263:David Conway,
4256:
4230:
4219:
4208:
4196:
4185:
4165:
4148:
4134:
4111:
4102:The New Yorker
4092:
4064:
4053:
4049:par excellence
4036:
4022:
3990:
3977:
3957:
3944:
3933:
3921:
3902:
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3859:
3848:
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3803:
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3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3775:
3725:Moses und Aron
3673:Eugene Ormandy
3648:Otto Klemperer
3640:Arthur Fiedler
3584:Richard Wagner
3565:blasts with a
3555:First Symphony
3539:Third Symphony
3461:
3458:
3442:Sidor Belarsky
3438:Richard Tucker
3394:Mariss Jansons
3255:Masoretic text
3159:Porgy and Bess
3113:And David Wept
3063:Symphony No. 1
2989:Morton Feldman
2957:Milton Babbitt
2949:René Leibowitz
2846:Darius Milhaud
2826:Czech Republic
2818:Viktor Ullmann
2816:from Germany,
2804:from Austria,
2765:Jascha Heifetz
2745:Joseph Joachim
2741:Giuditta Pasta
2697:Josef Dessauer
2575:Salamone Rossi
2531:
2528:
2513:Ethiopian Jews
2324:percussionist
2288:and all three
2286:Army of Lovers
2278:David Lee Roth
2266:Jorma Kaukonen
2262:Kinky Friedman
2254:David Bromberg
2235:Burt Bacharach
2227:Brill Building
2175:Victor Feldman
2115:music industry
2052:Main article:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2004:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1969:Ashkenazi Jews
1957:Main article:
1954:
1951:
1923:Main article:
1920:
1917:
1888:Ottoman Empire
1844:Main article:
1841:
1838:
1798:Main article:
1795:
1792:
1740:land of Israel
1735:שירי ארץ ישראל
1726:Main article:
1723:
1720:
1708:oriental metal
1675:Main article:
1672:
1669:
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1607:Portal:Judaism
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1453:Mathematicians
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857:
852:
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837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
795:Tower of Babel
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Garden of Eden
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
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571:
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560:
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553:Judeo-Moroccan
550:
549:
548:
546:Judeo-Baghdadi
530:
529:
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517:
512:
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497:
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477:
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395:
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367:Jewish culture
363:
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297:Echad Mi Yodea
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53:
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37:Flag of Israel
15:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
4479:
4468:
4465:
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4460:
4459:
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4413:archive.today
4410:
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4402:archive.today
4399:
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4272:archive.today
4269:
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3914:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3896:Amy Henning,
3893:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3878:Benny Goodman
3874:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3844:Jews in Music
3840:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3817:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3791:
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3784:
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3709:
3705:
3704:Protestantism
3701:
3697:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3614:propagandists
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
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3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3504:) in musical
3503:
3502:anti-Semitism
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3476:Gustav Mahler
3473:
3470:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:Beverly Sills
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3390:Leon Botstein
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3338:Gustav Mahler
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3302:Leon Botstein
3299:
3295:
3294:musicologists
3291:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3212:– including "
3211:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3196:Maurice Ravel
3193:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3143:Hugo Weisgall
3140:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3105:Ezra Laderman
3102:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3036:Miriam Gideon
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3013:Lera Auerbach
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:late Romantic
2907:
2904:
2901:was based on
2900:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2876:from Israel.
2875:
2871:
2870:Paul Ben-Haim
2867:
2863:
2862:Lalo Schifrin
2860:from Russia,
2859:
2858:Lera Auerbach
2855:
2852:from France,
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2838:Aaron Copland
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:Austrian Jews
2710:
2709:Gustav Mahler
2706:
2705:Karl Goldmark
2702:
2698:
2695:from France,
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2677:German Empire
2674:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:French-Jewish
2540:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2496:Mizrahi music
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:Fleetwood Mac
2387:
2386:David Draiman
2383:
2379:
2375:
2374:Guns N' Roses
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:Robby Krieger
2339:
2335:
2332:(keyboardist
2331:
2327:
2323:
2322:Grateful Dead
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2282:Lenny Kravitz
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:Leonard Cohen
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:David Grisman
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:rock and roll
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:Shorty Rogers
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:Randy Brecker
2144:
2143:Joshua Redman
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2099:Benny Goodman
2096:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:Irving Berlin
2061:
2055:
2045:
2036:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:This article
2003:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1939:Mediterranean
1936:
1932:
1926:
1925:Mizrahi music
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1788:Israel Shalom
1785:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1729:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1671:Israeli music
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:popular music
1658:
1654:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1572:Other aspects
1571:
1570:
1566:
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1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Modern Hebrew
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1204:Jewish poetry
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
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1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
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1142:
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1133:
1125:
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1120:
1117:
1115:
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1110:
1107:
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1097:
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1080:
1077:
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1067:
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1057:
1055:
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1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
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987:
985:
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980:
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971:
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958:
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953:
951:
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908:
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888:
886:
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881:
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876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:Cain and Abel
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:Gog and Magog
783:
781:
780:Promised Land
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
720:
717:
716:
712:
711:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Judeo-Marathi
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
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635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
621:
618:
617:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
577:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
538:
537:
536:
535:
526:
523:
522:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:Judeo-Aramaic
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
401:
400:
389:
386:
385:
381:
380:
376:
372:
371:
368:
365:
364:
360:
356:
355:
345:
340:
338:
333:
331:
326:
325:
323:
322:
317:
314:
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
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262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
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235:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
221:
220:
217:
216:
212:
211:
210:
209:
205:
204:
199:
196:
194:
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190:
187:
184:
182:
179:
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164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
148:
145:
142:
141:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
102:
101:
98:
95:
94:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:Israeli music
35:
27:
23:
22:
19:
4462:Jewish music
4429:
4424:
4416:
4389:
4379:
4363:
4354:Lili Eylon,
4350:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4326:
4320:
4308:
4296:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4259:
4249:
4233:
4222:
4211:
4199:
4188:
4168:
4156:
4151:
4137:
4119:
4114:
4100:
4095:
4074:
4067:
4056:
4048:
4031:
4025:
3998:
3993:
3980:
3972:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3940:
3936:
3924:
3905:
3892:
3873:
3862:
3851:
3839:
3827:
3816:
3807:
3783:Jewish music
3755:
3742:
3737:Paul Johnson
3730:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3693:
3689:Bruno Walter
3685:George Szell
3677:Fritz Reiner
3669:Lorin Maazel
3663:
3660:Hermann Levi
3656:James Levine
3632:
3628:
3594:Nazi Germany
3587:
3580:anti-Semites
3577:
3570:
3551:
3519:
3513:
3483:
3463:
3422:David Zinman
3410:Lorin Maazel
3398:James Levine
3334:Leonard Rose
3318:Hedi Stadlen
3287:
3280:
3270:
3247:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3207:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3146:
3136:
3128:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3095:Ernest Bloch
3088:
3082:
3074:
3067:assimilation
3052:
3040:Samuel Adler
2997:chance music
2993:Armand Lunel
2985:tone cluster
2981:Leo Ornstein
2977:George Perle
2971:worked with
2969:Philip Glass
2918:anti-Semitic
2896:
2878:
2874:Shulamit Ran
2842:Samuel Adler
2806:Hanns Eisler
2761:Leopold Auer
2666:
2640:
2623:
2620:notes that:
2618:David Conway
2612:
2600:
2595:Paul Johnson
2591:20th century
2563:sacred music
2556:
2549:
2517:
2494:
2456:
2437:
2409:King Crimson
2406:
2378:Steven Adler
2370:Tommy Ramone
2298:Paul Stanley
2294:Gene Simmons
2290:Beastie Boys
2239:
2231:Phil Spector
2219:Neil Diamond
2215:Gerry Goffin
2200:
2195:Harry Kandel
2139:Ronnie Scott
2091:Mezz Mezzrow
2084:
2072:popular song
2057:
2054:Jews in Jazz
2043:
2030:
2019:Please help
2007:may contain
2006:
1962:
1959:Jewish dance
1941:(especially
1928:
1907:
1891:
1883:
1881:
1849:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1780:
1776:
1763:Eretz Israel
1752:
1744:Naomi Shemer
1731:
1716:
1712:
1680:
1650:
1592:Architecture
1390:Jewish dance
1316:
1279:Philosophers
1202:
1201:
975:
974:
820:Burning bush
760:Tree of Life
745:Adam and Eve
687:Judeo-Berber
573:
572:
534:Judeo-Arabic
532:
531:
485:Lishán Didán
480:Lishana Deni
466:
465:
397:
396:
244:Dreidel song
222:
213:
96:
59:Contemporary
18:
4381:The Forward
4251:The Forward
3644:Asher Fisch
3623:Alma Mahler
3466:assimilated
3326:Isaac Stern
3298:Guido Adler
3267:Saint-Saëns
3250:– used the
3071:David Amram
3044:diatonicism
3025:Polystylism
2965:Steve Reich
2945:Paul Dessau
2925:avant-garde
2895:; Halévy's
2881:Grand Opera
2782:immigration
2753:Carl Tausig
2737:John Braham
2557:Before the
2547:Grand Opera
2483:heavy metal
2467:nationalism
2421:Dixie Dregs
2394:Peter Green
2366:Joey Ramone
2350:Lars Ulrich
2334:David Bryan
2326:Mickey Hart
2318:Joey Kramer
2223:Neil Sedaka
2211:Carole King
2165:, drummers
2163:Terry Gibbs
2131:Benny Green
2095:Shep Fields
1700:heavy metal
1684:melting pot
1044:Baal Berith
845:Golden calf
840:Mount Sinai
825:Ten Plagues
702:Koiné Greek
620:Piedmontese
520:Palestinian
461:Palestinian
275:Ma Nishtana
237:Oh Chanukah
16:Music genre
4456:Categories
4345:, pg. 409.
4161:Vol. 4.131
4071:Quoted in
3799:References
3763:secularism
3710:, such as
3434:Jan Peerce
3296:, such as
3155:liturgical
3133:Kurt Weill
2973:minimalism
2810:Kurt Weill
2757:Henri Herz
2689:Paul Dukas
2658:liturgists
2613:Likewise,
2489:, rap and
2413:Tony Levin
2398:Marc Bolan
2356:guitarist
2340:guitarist
2187:Ben Sidran
2179:Billy Joel
2167:Buddy Rich
2155:Red Rodney
2151:Ruby Braff
2135:Lee Konitz
2103:Artie Shaw
2033:April 2011
2013:irrelevant
1814:devotional
1810:kleyzmerim
1806:kleyzmorim
1704:folk metal
1458:Scientists
1284:Maimonides
1263:Philosophy
1221:Al-Andalus
1141:Literature
1054:Bar Juchne
855:Tabernacle
835:The Exodus
805:Noah's Ark
770:Patriarchs
662:Golpaygani
456:Babylonian
316:Bar Yochai
309:Lag BaOmer
292:Chad Gadya
256:Mi Y'malel
249:Al Hanisim
41:Jewish and
4432:, p. 410.
4428:Johnson,
3955:, p. 408.
3951:Johnson,
3719:Kol Nidre
3708:Holocaust
3602:Beethoven
3531:Meyerbeer
3520:St. Paul
3510:Christian
3181:Kol Nidre
3176:Max Bruch
3166:glissando
3050:devices.
3033:Modernist
3021:John Zorn
2961:serialism
2941:atonality
2830:Auschwitz
2794:Argentina
2790:Modernism
2583:Amsterdam
2567:klezmorim
2425:Matisyahu
2384:frontman
2382:Disturbed
2358:Scott Ian
2346:Metallica
2338:the Doors
2314:Aerosmith
2306:Geddy Lee
2246:Bob Dylan
2191:Mel Tormé
2183:Al Jolson
2171:Mel Lewis
2127:Stan Getz
2009:excessive
1896:Jerusalem
1856:canciones
1852:Sephardic
1772:socialism
1759:Jerusalem
1657:classical
1582:Symbolism
1556:Ashkenazi
1443:Astronomy
1332:Sephardic
1322:Religious
1246:Holocaust
1172:Judeo-Tat
999:Leviathan
719:Mythology
657:Zarphatic
610:Catalanic
451:Samaritan
411:Ashkenazi
388:Languages
232:Blessings
128:Classical
111:Sephardic
50:Religious
4430:op. cit.
4409:Archived
4398:Archived
4372:Archived
4343:op. cit.
4327:op. cit.
4268:Archived
4242:Archived
4177:Archived
4080:Archived
4075:La Juive
4032:op. cit.
4006:Archived
3953:op. cit.
3913:Archived
3881:Archived
3777:See also
3733:Viennese
3700:Catholic
3665:Parsifal
3606:Bruckner
3575:prayer.
3545:and his
3522:Oratorio
3490:baptized
3485:Haskalah
3214:Kaddisch
3163:clarinet
3151:Gershwin
3100:Schelomo
3060:Mahler's
3005:acoustic
2906:libretto
2903:Scribe's
2898:La Juive
2627:soloists
2551:La Juive
2505:Yemenite
2457:Popular
2440:operetta
2411:bassist
2376:drummer
2330:Bon Jovi
2316:drummer
2250:Lou Reed
2015:examples
1692:Hassidic
1688:Diaspora
1587:Clothing
1546:Sephardi
1496:Baseball
1438:Medicine
1274:Haskalah
1226:Yemenite
1216:Piyyutim
1211:Biblical
1197:Rabbinic
1187:Yemenite
1162:American
1152:Biblical
1109:Rephaite
1069:Mazzikin
994:Behemoth
925:Mordecai
697:Krymchak
672:Hamedani
632:Gruzinic
615:Italkian
568:Yemenite
563:Djerbian
525:Galilean
515:Talmudic
510:Biblical
495:Betanure
446:Biblical
441:Mishnaic
436:Medieval
431:Tiberian
426:Yemenite
416:Sephardi
359:a series
357:Part of
224:Hanukkah
153:Hatikvah
88:Baqashot
83:Pizmonim
3767:Gentile
3586:in his
3482:of the
3426:cantors
3282:Nabucco
3259:Genesis
3218:Aramaic
3204:Yiddish
3168:in his
3056:klezmer
2717:Austria
2652:of the
2635:patrons
2487:hip hop
2481:, pop,
2463:Zionism
2444:cabaret
2362:Ramones
2354:Anthrax
2123:Kenny G
1981:Gentile
1973:klezmer
1953:Dancing
1919:Mizrahi
1900:Balkans
1860:Morocco
1819:Yiddish
1800:Klezmer
1794:Klezmer
1755:Zionist
1706:called
1696:hip hop
1665:klezmer
1653:Gentile
1551:Mizrahi
1530:Cuisine
1427:Science
1347:Zemirot
1337:Klezmer
1327:Mizrahi
1317:Secular
1289:Strauss
1182:English
1177:Yiddish
1119:Yossele
1089:Armilus
1079:Se'irim
1074:Arariel
1024:Estries
1019:Bagdana
960:Gabriel
955:Michael
905:Solomon
875:Gehenna
775:Abraham
740:Genesis
677:Shuadit
667:Shirazi
647:Bukhori
627:Knaanic
605:Yevanic
598:Tetuani
593:Haketia
583:Yiddish
541:Yahudic
490:Barzani
475:Hulaulá
421:Mizrahi
285:Adir Hu
215:Shabbat
116:Mizrahi
106:Klezmer
97:Secular
71:Zemirot
4446:A list
4128:
4124:p. 14
4073:Using
3610:Wagner
3563:shofar
3506:Vienna
3488:, was
3386:Zurich
3252:Hebrew
3242:) and
3141:) and
3031:, and
2921:Wagner
2914:Mahler
2773:Vienna
2767:, and
2681:Russia
2679:, and
2675:, the
2669:France
2654:Temple
2647:choral
2603:cantor
2541:, the
2491:trance
2429:reggae
2402:T. Rex
2380:, and
2372:, and
2173:, and
2085:While
2060:Israel
1977:shtetl
1947:string
1935:Arabic
1898:, the
1877:Ladino
1873:Hebrew
1868:Greece
1864:Turkey
1395:Humour
1342:Niggun
1167:Ladino
1157:Hebrew
1114:Pardes
1104:Alukah
1099:Elioud
1064:Naamah
1034:Samael
1029:Belial
1009:Tannin
1004:Shedim
984:Dybbuk
965:Dobiel
950:Azrael
915:Esther
910:Samson
890:Gideon
885:Daniel
870:Moloch
865:Yahweh
790:Nimrod
750:Lilith
652:Juhuri
642:Dzhidi
637:Karaim
588:Ladino
574:Other
505:Targum
406:Modern
399:Hebrew
280:Dayenu
261:Ner Li
186:Ballet
144:Israel
66:Piyyut
4205:Books
3941:ibid.
3746:Aryan
3559:Third
3430:opera
3277:Verdi
3216:" in
3153:used
3121:below
3119:(see
2729:Anton
2650:music
2607:rabbi
2509:Greek
2427:is a
2107:swing
1943:Greek
1909:maqam
1904:Egypt
1890:(the
1784:Yodel
1767:Tempo
1475:Sport
1306:Music
1192:Musar
1094:Broxa
1084:Dumah
1049:Lilin
1039:Re'em
1014:Rahab
989:Golem
935:Satan
920:Haman
815:Moses
193:Horah
172:Dance
76:Nigun
4404:and
4301:UCLA
4297:Echo
4126:ISBN
3750:Berg
3722:and
3687:and
3608:and
3474:and
3452:and
3436:and
3420:and
3332:and
3320:and
3292:and
3275:and
3236:and
3046:and
3019:and
3007:and
2991:and
2967:and
2955:and
2947:and
2927:and
2872:and
2864:and
2856:and
2848:and
2840:and
2820:and
2812:and
2800:and
2739:and
2731:and
2723:and
2707:and
2691:and
2660:and
2633:and
2511:and
2501:Arab
2477:and
2475:rock
2465:and
2431:and
2415:and
2396:and
2368:and
2310:Rush
2302:KISS
2296:and
2242:folk
2213:and
2189:and
2157:and
2141:and
2101:and
2087:Jazz
2074:and
2066:and
1937:and
1913:mode
1902:and
1746:and
1659:and
1231:Epic
970:Ouza
945:Ruth
940:Ezra
895:Saul
730:Baal
3279:'s
3202:in
3194:),
3184:),
3123:),
3115:),
3107:, (
3103:),
3093:),
3077:),
2433:rap
2423:).
2400:of
2392:'s
2336:),
2308:of
2300:of
2011:or
1808:or
1710:).
1698:or
1364:Art
1059:Ziz
930:Job
4458::
4378:,
4295:.
4248:,
4159:,
4039:^
3739:,
3716:,
3683:,
3679:,
3675:,
3671:,
3658:,
3654:,
3650:,
3646:,
3642:,
3638:,
3625::
3604:,
3549:.
3518:,
3456:.
3416:,
3412:,
3408:,
3404:,
3400:,
3396:,
3392:,
3380:,
3376:,
3372:,
3368:,
3360:,
3352:,
3328:,
3316:,
3312:,
3308:,
3304:,
3300:,
3285:.
3269:'
3230:,
3206:,
3131:)
3111:,
3087:,
3015:,
2987:,
2975:,
2963:,
2951:.
2931:.
2887:,
2836:,
2808:,
2763:,
2759:,
2755:,
2751:,
2747:,
2703:,
2699:,
2687:,
2671:,
2664:.
2593:.
2515:.
2507:,
2503:,
2485:,
2404:.
2364:'
2360:,
2352:,
2344:,
2328:,
2320:,
2312:,
2304:,
2280:,
2272:,
2268:,
2264:,
2260:,
2256:,
2252:,
2248:,
2221:,
2217:,
2209:,
2185:,
2181:,
2169:,
2153:,
2149:,
2137:,
2133:,
2129:,
2125:,
2121:,
2097:,
2093:,
1915:.
1879:.
1866:,
1862:,
1825:.
1765:.
1750:.
735:El
361:on
4145:.
4051:.
3900:.
3364:/
3356:/
3348:/
3246:(
3224:(
3198:(
3188:(
3178:(
3145:(
3135:(
3127:(
3097:(
3081:(
3073:(
2035:)
2031:(
2027:.
2017:.
1640:e
1633:t
1626:v
343:e
336:t
329:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
