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802:
led the central government of China, decided that China must avoid all-out war with Japan due to domestic turmoil and inadequate preparation. Therefore, he "pursued a strategy of appeasing Japan while struggling for real national unity and over time sufficient strength to confront the
Imperial army.
1005:
After the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong attempted to engage in peace talks. This effort failed and by 1946 the KMT and the CCP were engaged in all-out civil war. The CCP were able to obtain seized
Japanese Army weapons in the Northeast – with Soviet acquiescence – and took
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Provinces. Despite the intense pressure, the New Fourth Army commanders committed insubordination by marching in an unauthorized direction and also missed the deadline to evacuate. Added to this were the attacks by the CCP on the
Kuomintang Forces in Hebei in August 1939 and in Jiangsu in October
941:
In the midst of the Second United Front, the CCP and the
Kuomintang were still vying for territorial advantage in "Free China" (i.e. those areas not occupied by the Japanese or ruled by puppet governments). The uneasy alliance began to break down by late 1938 as a result of CCP efforts to expand
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their military strength through absorbing
Chinese guerrilla forces behind enemy lines. For Chinese militia who refused to switch their allegiance, the CCP would call them "collaborators" and then attack to eliminate their forces. For example, the Red Army led by
932:
of the
National Revolutionary Army was in name only. The CCP acted independently and hardly ever engaged the Japanese in conventional battles. The level of actual coordination between the CCP and KMT during the Second Sino-Japanese War was minimal.
862:
and the forming of a united front between the CCP and KMT against Japan on 24 December 1936. However, by the time Chiang arrived in Xi'an on 4 December 1936, negotiations for a united front had been in the works for two years.
72:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
997:; while the KMT allocated many divisions of its regular army to carry out military blockade of the CCP areas in an attempt to neutralize the spread of their influence until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
886:
In July 1937, the
Presidium of the Central Military Commission issued an order for the Red Army to reorganize into the National Revolutionary Army and stand by for the anti-Japanese front line.
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Afterwards, within the
Japanese occupied provinces and behind enemy lines the KMT and CCP forces carried on warfare with each other, with the CCP eventually destroying or absorbing the KMT
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also began to focus most of their energy on building up their sphere of influence wherever opportunities were presented, mainly through rural mass organizations, administrative,
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821:) was very unpopular with the Chinese populace, which caused widespread resentment and demonstration against the ruling KMT leadership and its regional warlord allies.
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and a 90% reduction in their fighting strength, he was unable to eliminate their forces entirely, and his policy of "internal pacification before external resistance" (
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the opportunity to engage the already weakened KMT. In
October 1949, Mao established the People's Republic of China, while Chiang retreated to the island of Taiwan.
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of the CCP. Battles with the Red Army resulted in great casualties for Zhang's forces, but Chiang Kai-shek did not provide any support to his troops.
1520:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1941:
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Taylor, Jay (2009). The
Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press P.94
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to force an end to the conflict between KMT and CCP. To secure the release of Chiang, the KMT was forced to agree to a temporary end to the
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Ray Huang, 從大歷史的角度讀蔣介石日記 (Reading Chiang Kai-shek's Diary from a Macro History Perspective) China Times Publishing Company, 1994-1-31
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After the commencement of full-scale war between China and Japan, CCP forces fought in alliance with the KMT forces during the
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Buss, Claude Albert. (1972). Stanford Alumni Association. The People's Republic of China and Richard Nixon. United States.
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1940, so they were ambushed and defeated by Nationalist troops in January 1941. This clash, which would be known as the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Wilbur, C. Martin (1983), The nationalist revolution in China, 1923–1928, Cambridge University Press.
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Schoppa, R. Keith. (2000). The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History. Columbia University Press.
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Schoppa, R. Keith. (2000). The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History. Columbia University Press.
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In 1927 the Chinese Communists retaliated against Kuomintang following a
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This appeasement policy lasted for another six years". Even though his
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1937–41 alliance between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang
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In December 1940, Chiang Kai-shek demanded that the CCP's
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On 12 December 1936, a deeply disgruntled Zhang Xueliang
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A Communist soldier waving the Nationalists' flag of the
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In 1936, Chiang Kai-shek assigned "The Young Marshal"
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1168:Benton, Gregor (1986). "The South Anhui Incident".
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1333:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
981:of the Japanese. The CCP under the leadership of
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914:were created. They were controlled by the CCP.
90:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
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898:, which were placed under the command of the
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1932:Political party alliances in China
1321:Resistance and Revolution in China
1286:. 13 November 1944. Archived from
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1844:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1436:Constitutional ROC Government
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21:United Front (disambiguation)
1858:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1594:Chinese Communist Revolution
1220:"政治垃圾張蔭梧曾欲為國民黨奪回北平_历史-多維新聞網"
1170:The Journal of Asian Studies
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1927:National Revolutionary Army
1454:Republic of China on Taiwan
1422:National Revolutionary Army
1390:Principal belligerents and
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469:Hundred Regiments Offensive
183:December 24, 1936
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102:{{Translated|zh|第二次国共合作}}
45:the corresponding article
1937:Second Sino-Japanese War
1907:Anti-imperialism in Asia
1517:People's Liberation Army
1329:Paine, Sarah C. (2012).
968:New Fourth Army Incident
912:Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region
798:. Chiang Kai-shek, who
745:Second Sino-Japanese War
463:Second Sino-Japanese War
1656:Chinese Soviet Republic
1632:Autumn Harvest Uprising
937:Breakdown and aftermath
868:China Democratic League
733:Chinese Communist Party
564:Autumn Harvest Uprising
558:First Phase (1927–1937)
333:Political position
283:Anti-Japanese sentiment
233:Chinese Communist Party
111:For more guidance, see
1854:Hainan Island campaign
1733:Double Tenth Agreement
1729:Chongqing Negotiations
1646:Encirclement campaigns
1036:United front in Taiwan
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805:encirclement campaigns
747:, which suspended the
718:dì èr cì guógòng hézuò
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569:Encirclement campaigns
269:Nationalist government
1912:China in World War II
1743:Jiaochangkou Incident
1290:on November 20, 2007.
1066:"1947年3月7日 第二次国共合作破裂"
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682:
668:Cross-strait conflict
113:Knowledge:Translation
84:copyright attribution
1947:United front (China)
735:(CCP) to resist the
19:For other uses, see
1696:Second United Front
1616:Nanjing–Wuhan split
1564:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1413:National Government
777:Northern Expedition
751:from 1937 to 1945.
697:traditional Chinese
693:Second United Front
129:Second United Front
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1574:First United Front
1224:culture.dwnews.com
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904:central government
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179:Dates of operation
92:interlanguage link
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1747:Peiping rape case
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1624:Little Long March
1612:Shanghai massacre
1402:Nationalist Party
1380:Chinese Civil War
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41:You can help
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366:Soviet Union
289:Headquarters
206:7 April 1947
191:– 1947
88:edit summary
79:
50:
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1584:Canton Coup
743:during the
400:Axis powers
319:Nationalism
1891:Categories
1767:Operation
1676:Long March
1229:2019-10-30
1130:Paine 2012
1116:2012-12-07
1047:References
1001:After 1945
983:Mao Zedong
792:occupation
767:commander
755:Background
729:Kuomintang
593:Operation
579:Long March
257:Allegiance
187:1936-12-24
172:Mao Zedong
47:in Chinese
1865:1950–1958
1804:1948–1949
1769:Beleaguer
1763:1945–1949
1753:1945–1947
1692:1937–1946
1672:1934–1936
1662:1933–1934
1652:1931–1934
1642:1930–1934
1590:1927–1949
1549:Post-1945
1392:campaigns
1206:163141212
1190:0021-9118
1052:Citations
957:evacuate
796:Manchuria
647:Aftermath
636:Guningtou
595:Beleaguer
450:Mengjiang
438:Manchukuo
396:Opponents
324:Socialism
314:Democracy
293:Chongqing
203:Dissolved
106:talk page
1836:Incident
1834:Amethyst
1825:Incident
1794:incident
1545:Pre-1945
1482:Red Army
1278:"Crisis"
1267:. p. 160
1010:See also
995:peasants
975:partisan
894:and the
845:Red Army
800:de facto
788:invasion
653:Xinjiang
626:Shanghai
606:Liaoshen
338:Big tent
304:Ideology
82:provide
1792:Kiangya
1313:Sources
1198:2056083
1158:, p.259
963:Jiangsu
944:He Long
809:retreat
709:第二次国共合作
701:第二次國共合作
641:Wanshan
616:Pingjin
611:Huaihai
344:Part of
275:Motives
239:Country
195:1947-03
193: (
185: (
135:第二次國共合作
104:to the
86:in the
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818:攘外必先安内
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297:Yan’an
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150:Leader
1202:S2CID
1194:JSTOR
1086:P.114
959:Anhui
948:Hebei
856:Xi'an
779:(aka
741:China
251:China
66:DeepL
1850:1950
1818:1949
1786:1948
1776:1947
1739:1946
1725:1945
1707:1944
1682:1936
1600:1927
1580:1926
1570:1924
1560:1923
1506:etc.
1335:ISBN
1283:Time
1261:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1186:ISSN
1152:ISBN
1080:ISBN
989:and
987:land
961:and
910:and
866:The
724:lit.
691:The
80:must
78:You
1790:SS
1178:doi
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