Nationalist government

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killed resisting or trying to escape. Once collected, they would be roped or chained together and marched, with little food or water, long distances to camp. They often died or were killed along the way, sometimes less than 50 percent reaching camp alive. Then recruit camp was no better, with hospitals resembling Nazi concentration camps like Buchenwald. Probably 3,081,000 died during the Sino-Japanese War; likely another 1,131,000 during the Civil War – 4,212,000 dead in total. Just during conscription.

2554: 2249: 1786:, "no other leader within the GMD had the authority to force through even the simplest decisions.The practical power of high-ranking officials like ministers or the head of the Executive Yuan was more closely tied to their relationship with Chiang than with the formal authority of their position. Chiang created multiple layers of power in his administration which he sometimes played off each other to prevent individuals or cliques from gathering power that could oppose his authority. 1463: 7476: 2006: 7538: 9432: 7386: 178: 2014: 9452: 9442: 7398: 7410: 2349: 1779:, a position he would retain until 1931. The Organic Law also stipulated that the Kuomintang, through its National Congress and Central Executive Committee, would exercise sovereign power during the period of political tutelage, and the KMT's Political Council would guide and superintend the National Government in the execution of important national affairs and that the council has the power to interpret or amend the organic law. 1822: 2736: 4113: 184: 186: 185: 187: 181: 1814: 183: 180: 179: 3515:

If we assume that the natural rate of increase in the population before the famine was 2 per cent, Comparison with the diminution in the size of age cohorts born during the famine years suggests that the official Nationalist figure includes population loss through excess mortality and declined fertility migration, which leaves a famine death toll of well under 1 million.

182: 188: 3217:, p. 5) "Nationalist disunity, political instability, civil strife, the communist challenge, the autocracy of Chiang Kai-shek, the ascendancy of the military, the escalating Japanese threat, and the "crisis of democracy" in Italy, Germany, Poland, and Spain, all contributed to a freezing of democracy by the Nationalist leadership." 1690:, as well as independent delegates, attended the conference in Chongqing. However, shortly afterward, the two parties failed to reach an agreement and the civil war resumed. In the context of political and military animosity, the National Assembly was summoned by the Nationalists without the participation of the CCP and promulgated the 1402:, killing thousands of them. At the same time, other violent conflicts took place in the south of China where peasant associations supported by the CCP were attacking landlords and local gentry, who formed a base of political support for the KMT right-wing and recruitment for Nationalist soldiers. These events eventually led to the 1748:

Committee of the National Government being elected by KMT Central Committee. Under the national government was seven ministries – Interior, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Transport, Justice, Agriculture and Mines, and Commerce. There were also additional institutions such as the Supreme Court, Control Yuan, and the General Academy.

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In February 1928, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 2nd Kuomintang National Congress held in Nanjing passed the Reorganization of the National Government Act. This act stipulated the national government was to be directed and regulated under the Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, with the

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on the island. The military administration of the ROC extended over Taiwan, which led to widespread unrest and increasing tensions between local Taiwanese and mainlanders. The shooting of a civilian on 28 February 1947 triggered an island-wide unrest, which was brutally suppressed with military force

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Basic literacy came to most of the school-aged populace by the end of the Japanese tenure on Taiwan. School attendance for Taiwanese children rose steadily throughout the Japanese era, from 3.8 percent in 1904 to 13.1 percent in 1917; 25.1 percent in 1920; 41.5 percent in 1935; 57.6 percent in 1940;

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A detailed survey organized by the Nationalist government in 1943 of the impact of the famine came up with a toll of 1,484,983, broken down by county. The official population registers of Henan show a net decline in population from 1942 to 1943 of one million people, or 3 per cent of the population.

1744:; however, existing parties continued to operate and new ones formed. After the end of the Second World War, and particularly after the passage of the constitution in 1946, the National Government was reconstituted to include multiple parties, in preparation for a full democratic government to come. 1529:

and posed a major latent threat to the regime. However, perhaps the biggest challenges came from within the administration itself. As Chiang Kai-Shek told the state council: "Our organization becomes worse and worse ... many staff members just sit at their desks and gaze into space, others read

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compared with 12 million in 1928. Other goods saw even more staggering increases. In 1932, 15 million bushels of grain were imported compared with 900,000 in 1928. This increased competition leads to a massive decline in Chinese agricultural prices (which were cheaper) and thus the income of rural

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Then there was the process of conscription. This was a deadly affair in which men were kidnapped for the army, rounded up indiscriminately by press-gangs or army units among those on the roads or in the towns and villages, or otherwise gathered together. Many men, some the very young and old, were

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One effect of the war was a massive increase in government control of industries. In 1936, government-owned industries were only 15% of GDP. However, the ROC government took control of many industries in order to fight the war. In 1938, the ROC established a commission for industries and mines to

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was implemented by some social activists who graduated as professors of the United States with tangible but limited progress in modernizing the tax, infrastructural, economical, cultural, and educational equipment and mechanisms of rural regions. The social activists actively coordinated with the

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Economic growth and social improvements were mixed. The Kuomintang supported women's rights and education, the abolition of polygamy, and foot binding. The government of the Republic of China under Chiang's leadership also enacted a women's quota in the parliament with reserved seats for women.

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in 1937 and random massacres of whole villages. In one anti-guerrilla sweep in 1942, the Japanese killed up to 200,000 civilians in a month. The war was estimated to have killed between 20 and 25 million Chinese and destroyed all that Chiang had built up in the preceding decade. Development of

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newspapers and still others sleep." Corruption was endemic at all levels of government. The tension between Chiang's centralizing tendencies and the warlords who supported him led to friction and inconsistent direction. Even the KMT itself was disunified, with the pro-Chiang factions of the

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being elected as vice-president. The Nationalist Government was abolished on 20 May 1948, after the Government of the Republic of China was established with the presidential inauguration of Chiang. The CCP, though invited to the convention that drafted it, boycotted and declared after the

136: 1521:. In alliance with local landlords and other power-brokers, they blocked moderate land reforms that might have benefits the rural poor. Instead, the poor peasants remained a consistent source of recruits for the Communist Party. While weakened by frequent massacres and purges—historian 1950:

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the armed forces of the CCP were nominally incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army (while retaining separate commands), but broke away to form the People's Liberation Army shortly after the end of the war. With the promulgation of the

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This house was built in 1870s, after Taiping Rebellion. In the 1930s, Chiang Kai-shek chose it to be one of the headquarters of the Military Affairs Commission. The house is located in the Presidential Palace complex and becoming a popular tourist attraction now.

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as a result of trying to fight the civil war, resulted in mass unrest throughout the Republic and sympathy for the communists. Nearly all studies of the collapse of the Nationalist government identify hyperinflation as a major factor in the government's failure.

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Also known as "the Red Hill Mansion" and "Mei-ling Villa", the building was one of the main residences of Chiang & Soong in Nanjing after WWII. And it became one of the official residences of the President of the ROC from 1948 to 1949.

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of agricultural goods lead to massive falling prices for China as well as an increase in foreign imports (as agricultural goods produced in western countries were "dumped" in China). In 1931, imports of rice in China amounted to 21 million

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on 25 December 1946, promulgated by the National Government on 1 January 1947, and went into effect on 25 December 1947. The Constitution was seen as the third and final stage of Kuomintang reconstruction of China. Chiang Kai-shek was also

1486:, p. 30) By 1928, the Nationalists claimed that they had succeeded in reunifying China and were beginning the second stage, the period of so-called "tutelage". In 1931, they promulgated a provisional constitution that established the 225: 2095:

industries was severely hampered after the war by devastating conflict as well as the inflow of cheap American goods. By 1946, Chinese industries operated at 20 percent capacity and had 25 percent of the output of pre-war China.

1387:; Chiang himself was surrounded by Soviet military advisors. Much of the Nationalist Party, however, became convinced, not without reason, that the Communists, under recent orders from the Comintern, wanted to break from the 176: 1719:

challenged the legitimacy of the National Assembly in 1947 by accusing the KMT of hand-picking the members of the National Assembly 10 years earlier; claiming they thus could not legitimately represent the Chinese people.

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totaled $ 3.5 billion, with Japan leading ($ 1.4 billion) and the United Kingdom at 1 billion. By 1948, however, the capital stock had halted with investment dropping to only $ 3 billion, with the US and Britain leading.

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in 1931, industrial output recovered by 1936. By 1936, industrial output had recovered and surpassed its previous peak in 1931 prior to the Great Depression's effects on China. This is best shown by the trends in Chinese

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According to Sun Yat-sen's "Three Stages of Revolution" theory, the KMT was to rebuild China in three phases: the first stage was military unification, which was carried out with the Northern Expedition; the second was

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It was also called Nanyang Tobacco Building. In 1926, the National Revolutionary Army took control of Wuhan. Then, the officials of KMT chose Nanyang Tobacco Building to become the seat of the Nationalist Government.

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local governments in towns and villages since the early 1930s. However, this policy was subsequently neglected and canceled by the Nationalist government due to rampant wars and the lack of resources following the

1674:, the Nationalists and Communists agreed to start a series of peace talks aiming at establishing a coalition government. The two parties agreed to open multiparty talks on post-World War II political reforms via a 134: 2074:

farmers. In 1932, agricultural prices were 41 percent of 1921 levels. Rural incomes had fallen to 57 percent of 1931 levels by 1934 in some areas. Under this peculiar context for rural China, the Chinese

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The Nationalist government exercised relatively little control in China's border regions, where the political fragmentation along ethnic lines that began after the fall of the Qing dynasty continued.

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In the period of the Second Sino-Japanese War, this building was served as the headquarters of the Nationalist Government until they moved back to Nanjing. The building was demolished in the 1980s.

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Authority within the Nationalist government ultimately lay with Chiang Kai-shek. All major policy changes on military, diplomatic, or economic issues required his approval. According to historian

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This was the only institution not headquartered in the city of Nanjing. Once being the Shanghai branch of Russo-Chinese Bank, this building now becomes Shanghai Foreign Exchange Trading Center.

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In 1937, Japan invaded China and the resulting warfare laid waste to China. Most of the prosperous east China coast was occupied by the Japanese, who carried out various atrocities such as the

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After the 1930 mutiny ended, Chiang accepted the suggestion of Wang Ching-wei, Yen Hsi-shan, and Feng Yü-hsiang that a provisional constitution for the political tutelage period be drafted.

3000:民國十六年，國民政府宣言定為首都，今以臺北市為我國中央政府所在地。(In the 16th Year of the Republic of China , the National Government established as the capital. At present, Taipei is the seat of the central government.) 2263:

It was the site of Lizhi She in the 1930s. In 1949, the Nationalist Government decided to move the Executive Yuan into this building. The building now served as a part of Zhongshan Hotel.

1682:. This agreement was implemented by the Nationalist Government, who organized the first Political Consultative Assembly from 10 to 31 January 1946. Representatives of the Kuomintang, CCP, 9248: 5178: 2235:

The building was the headquarter of the Ministry of Railways at first, then the site of Executive Yuan from 1946 to 1949. After the communists took over Nanjing, it became a building of

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Interpretations on whether this entails a complete transfer of the territory's sovereignty to the Republic of China vary. Japan renounced the claims to Taiwan and Pescadores in the

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in the 1930s when Chiang Kai-shek unified most of the country and brought political stability. China's industries developed and grew from 1927 to 1931. Though badly hit by the

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movement was an important factor in the Nationalists' defeat, particularly because it linked the interests of peasants in the north and northeast to the Communists' success.

2377: 3365: 2505: 1375:(KMT), or Chinese Nationalist Party. He especially headed the right-wing of the Nationalist Party, while the Communists formed part of the Party's left-wing. Chiang led the 9268: 7521: 1497:

Even had it been the KMT's intention, historians such as Edmund Fung argue that they may not have been able to establish a democracy under the circumstances of the time.(

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under a National Assembly, but was boycotted by the CCP. With the promulgation of the constitution, the Nationalist Government abolished itself and was replaced by the

9476: 9258: 1482:" which was a provisional government led by the KMT to educate people about their political and civil rights, and the third stage would be constitutional government.( 9381: 2454: 1751:

With the promulgation of the Organic Law of the National Government in October 1928, the government was reorganized into five different branches or Yuan, namely the

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between the Nationalist Party and the CCP. Chiang Kai-shek pushed the CCP into the interior as he sought to destroy them, and moved the Nationalist Government to

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growth averaged 3.9 per cent a year from 1929 to 1941 and per capita GDP about 1.8 per cent. Among other institutions, the Nationalist Government founded the

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Following the war with Japan, Chiang acquired Taiwan from Japan and renewed his struggle with the Communists. However, the corruption of the KMT, as well as

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ratification that not only would it not recognize the ROC constitution, but all bills passed by the Nationalist administration would be disregarded as well.

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After the Kuomintang reunified the country in 1928, China entered a period of relative prosperity despite civil war and Japanese aggression. In 1937, the

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to exert control on the provinces. The loyalty of these figures was often highly suspect, and they frequently engaged in acts of open defiance, as in the

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Almost all of the former sites of the nationalist government are headquartered in the city of Nanjing, the capital at the time, with only one exception.

1624:. In 1945, after the war of eight years, Japan surrendered and the Republic of China, under the name "China", became one of the founding members of the 9238: 7986: 5143: 5029: 4025: 2099:

control and supervise firms, as well as instilling price controls. By 1942, 70 percent of the capital of Chinese industry was owned by the government.

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two months earlier, but soon joined Chiang in Nanjing in August 1927. By the following year, Chiang's army had captured Beijing after overthrowing the

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In Gansu the estimated mortality was 2.5 to 3 million In Shaanxi, out of a population of 13 million, an estimated 3 million died of hunger or disease

7598: 5034: 1698: 5093: 1694:. The constitution was criticized by the CCP, and led to the final break between the two sides. The full-scale civil war resumed from early 1947. 9376: 4117: 2533: 9243: 6772: 2597:

Before the National Theatre of Drama and Music was completed, the National Assembly was held in the Auditorium of National Central University.

2056:. In 1932, China's GDP peaked at US$ 28.8 billion, before falling to $ 21.3 billion by 1934 and recovering to $ 23.7 billion by 1935. By 1930, 9115: 5639: 3560: 3542: 1591: 167: 2126: 9481: 9406: 9284: 8581: 8225: 7777: 7197: 5297: 4534: 4258: 2628: 1707: 1419: 3388: 8857: 7448: 6301: 4544: 3931: 2895: 1964: 1477: 933: 398: 3578: 1987:, Nationalist authorities overlooked military corruption and smuggling. The Nationalist army increasingly turned to raiding villages to 8244: 8172: 7723: 7566: 6626: 6281: 4874: 2840: 2624: 1702: 8063: 4253: 2000: 480: 2287:

It was the site of the "Mistress House". The Nationalist Government chose the house to become the seat of Legislative Yuan in 1928.

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When the city of Nanjing was not captured by the Nationalist Government, they chose the following buildings as their headquarters.

2477: 1501:, p. 30) Despite nominal reunification, the Chiang's Nationalist Government relied heavily on the support of warlords such as 1298: 122: 3952: 3393:[An Elementary Study about the Characteristics and the Effect of the Great Drought in Northwest China from 1928 to 1930]. 6954: 6572: 6406: 6182: 3083: 2857: 2769:, This was the main government administration building. Nanyang Tobacco Building however, was the main administration during the 28: 7979: 7469: 6229: 5968: 5119: 4447: 4184: 2623:

The building was served as the National Theatre of Drama and Music. After the World War II, it became the meeting place of the

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In 1949, the People's Liberation captured Beijing and later Nanjing as well. The People's Republic of China was proclaimed in

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In 1925, the Nationalist Government was established here. Today, all the buildings inside were demolished except the gate.

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rule of the KMT and promised eventual democratization. In practice, this meant that Chiang Kai-Shek was able to continue

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as the legitimate representative of China. The Nationalist government would then experience many challenges such as the

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Land controlled by the Republic of China (1945) shown in dark green; land claimed but uncontrolled shown in light green.

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Because of the Nationalist government's increasing inability to fund the military, especially after Japan's success in

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estimated that 1,654,000 people were killed by the KMT in anti-Communist purges during this period—the Communists were

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The building, serving as the Executive Yuan from 1928 to 1937, is now a part of the Presidential Palace complex.

1575: 1571: 1320:(CCP) resumed, despite attempts at mediation by the United States. The Nationalist Government began drafting the 4049: 8882: 8802: 8321: 8279: 8033: 7517: 7217: 6540: 6411: 5943: 5583: 4011: 2850: 1956: 1838: 1559: 1162: 1038: 885: 385: 366: 2296: 2166: 1650:, with ROC troops accepting the surrender of the Japanese garrison. The government of the ROC proclaimed the " 9335: 9039: 8994: 8807: 8787: 8388: 7946: 7743: 6939: 6824: 6757: 6609: 6362: 6219: 5066: 5056: 4854: 4849: 2569: 2568:

Opposite was the site of the Executive Yuan. After the communists took over Nanjing, it became a building of

2236: 2160: 2075: 1846: 1200: 1054: 199: 80: 1558:, the spread of education increased the literacy rate across China and promoted the ideals of Sun Yat-sen's 9304: 9177: 9120: 9090: 8943: 8361: 7935: 7671: 7586: 6984: 6854: 6722: 6066: 6061: 5473: 4786: 4732: 4700: 4527: 3132:"Warlords, Bullies, and State Building in Nationalist China: The Guangdong Cooperative Movement, 1932–1936" 2770: 2324: 1637: 1431: 1345: 1252: 961: 24: 3232:"Why Did Chiang Kai-shek Lose China? The Guomindang Regime And The Victory Of The Chinese Communist Party" 9009: 8812: 8288: 8269: 8259: 7594: 7499: 6779: 6682: 6416: 6391: 6175: 5973: 5851: 5836: 5443: 5400: 5336: 5319: 5193: 4715: 4462: 4225: 2057: 1944: 1898: 1798: 1772: 1547: 1328:. Following their loss of the Civil War, the Nationalist Government retreated and moved their capital to 1110: 1070: 949: 450: 211: 8989: 8842: 8118: 8078: 7434: 7275: 7227: 6859: 6809: 6796: 6702: 6545: 6271: 5488: 5368: 5124: 5078: 5061: 5044: 4791: 4755: 4602: 4177: 3890: 3715: 2899: 2488: 1306: 74: 9064: 8923: 8847: 8832: 8792: 8659: 8371: 8346: 8048: 8038: 7207: 7180: 7175: 6535: 6381: 6342: 6091: 5683: 5507: 5388: 5341: 5285: 4750: 4695: 4422: 4308: 4235: 3861: 3744: 1526: 1399: 1350:

After Sun's death on 12 March 1925, four months later on 1 July 1925, the National Government of the

981: 740: 94: 3808: 1771:. The Chairman of the National Government was to be the head-of-state and commander-in-chief of the 1061: 1045: 9289: 9049: 8959: 7995: 7685: 7681: 6943: 6869: 6692: 6619: 6401: 6396: 6347: 6049: 5678: 5624: 5549: 5225: 5160: 5002: 4985: 4963: 4796: 4771: 4710: 4612: 4365: 4280: 4024:

v70#1 (2006) 137–182; major historiographical overview of all important books and interpretations;

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in 1947 and the formal end of the KMT party-state, the National Revolutionary Army was renamed the

1932: 1808: 1613: 1451: 1260: 985: 632: 4382: 3564: 3546: 2427: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9187: 8984: 8897: 8797: 8674: 8366: 8356: 8177: 7931: 7733: 7709: 7693: 7641: 7550: 7541: 7315: 7140: 6874: 6767: 6491: 6386: 6357: 6352: 6099: 5881: 5597: 5483: 5478: 5383: 5358: 5302: 5136: 5088: 4923: 4844: 4839: 4781: 4705: 4690: 4549: 4330: 2887: 2560: 2434: 2384: 2331: 2303: 2227: 1687: 1457: 1317: 4504: 3677: 2773:. This building used to serve as the Headquarters of the Hubei Provincial Government during the 2581: 2315:, it became the offices of Legislative Yuan and Control Yuan. Now it is Nanjing Soldiers' Club. 9299: 9167: 9125: 8827: 8336: 8326: 8274: 8264: 8073: 7810: 7806: 7202: 7165: 6971: 6750: 6652: 6647: 6513: 6261: 6168: 6054: 5861: 5695: 5651: 5629: 5326: 4776: 4680: 4487: 4230: 3409: 2272: 2053: 1960: 1936: 1679: 1647: 956:, Yuan died in 1916, leaving a power vacuum which resulted in China being divided into several 3271: 3256: 3013: 8974: 8969: 8872: 8817: 8088: 8068: 7820: 7360: 7325: 6839: 6745: 6740: 6717: 6518: 6376: 6296: 6291: 6044: 6039: 5994: 5930: 5841: 5544: 5493: 5431: 5153: 4990: 4978: 4968: 4737: 4370: 4170: 3072: 2845: 2183: 1302: 382: 357: 3797: 3480:

Garnaut, Anthony (November 2013). "A Quantitative Description of the Henan Famine of 1942".

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The building is now served as Nanjing City Government Offices and the Committee of Nanjing,

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and unifying the country. The National Revolutionary Army received significant aid from the

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However, the rural economy was hit hard by the Great Depression of the 1930s, in which an

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The National Government governed under a dual-party state apparatus under the ideology of

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For Wang Jingwei's nationalist government collaborating with the Empire of Japan, see

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Fighting Famine in North China: State, Market, and Environmental Decline, 1690s–1990s

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Chen, Lifu; Myers, Ramon Hawley (1994). Chang, Hsu-hsin; Myers, Ramon Hawley (eds.).

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Forced conscription campaigns were conducted by the military; they are described by

9192: 9172: 9105: 9024: 9014: 8777: 8476: 8103: 7889: 7885: 7834: 7697: 7559: 7340: 7260: 7056: 6979: 6934: 6921: 6829: 6814: 6552: 6135: 6128: 6027: 6022: 5948: 5876: 5795: 5710: 5700: 5671: 5607: 5602: 5436: 5410: 5395: 5280: 5258: 5242: 5148: 4597: 4587: 4427: 4220: 4205: 4197: 3941: 3489: 3143: 2937: 2891: 2741: 2312: 2279: 2091: 2044: 1764: 1756: 1728: 1671: 1651: 1491: 1487: 1276: 1240: 1089: 1032:"Republic of China" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters 953: 658: 565: 326: 4070:

China during the Great Depression: Market, State, and the World Economy, 1929–1937

9366: 9356: 9004: 8852: 8772: 8664: 8536: 8531: 8496: 8430: 8415: 8383: 8298: 8195: 8028: 7824: 7583: 7579: 7390: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7280: 7232: 7170: 7128: 7091: 7076: 7066: 7061: 7041: 7006: 7001: 6677: 6614: 6251: 5743: 5738: 5661: 5612: 5573: 5237: 4819: 4625: 4512: 3937: 3604: 3078:[Introduction to the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]. 2766: 2696: 2401: 1906: 1783: 1741: 1655: 1609: 1583: 1362: 1290: 1279: 977: 969: 469: 434: 369: 4004:

In Search of Chinese Democracy: Civil Opposition in Nationalist China, 1929–1949

3321: 3299: 899: 896: 893: 890: 9059: 8566: 8481: 8053: 8018: 7350: 7290: 7269: 7222: 7071: 7046: 6844: 6667: 6474: 6144: 6076: 5999: 5846: 5800: 5785: 5780: 5763: 5748: 5534: 4889: 4884: 4814: 4400: 4056:

The Chinese People at War: Human Suffering and Social Transformation, 1937–1945

3707: 3147: 2867: 2644: 2195: 2103: 2065: 2040: 1971: 1864: 1752: 1625: 1555: 1522: 1510: 1447: 1435: 1268: 1232: 1124: 645: 338: 3493: 2553: 9470: 9401: 9294: 9044: 8591: 8556: 8541: 8526: 8506: 8450: 8435: 7788: 7402: 7355: 7255: 7133: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7036: 6996: 6530: 6286: 6246: 6109: 5856: 5690: 5529: 5331: 4652: 4640: 4482: 4343: 3989:

The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 13: Republican China, 1912–1949, Part 2.

3712:

The Collapse of Nationalist China: How Chiang Kai-shek Lost China's Civil War

3501: 2811: 2520:

The building was in the site of the National Central Hospital complex. It is

2311:

The building was Nanjing City Hall during the Japanese occupation. After the

2248: 1760: 1578:

from 1942 to 1943. In total, these famines cost at least 11.7 million lives.

940:. To preserve national unity, Sun ceded the presidency to military strongman 809: 761: 353: 4039:

Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945

3982:

The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 12, Republican China 1912–1949. Part 1.

3057:

Li, Xiaobing, ed. (2012). "Zhang Xueliang (Chang Hsueh-liang) (1901–2001)".

2635:. So this building played an important role in the modern history of China. 2039:

Chinese industries continued to develop in the 1930s with the advent of the

2005: 1462: 9455: 9445: 8684: 8679: 8571: 8491: 8058: 7475: 6149: 6034: 5906: 5871: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4457: 4452: 4442: 4360: 4355: 2930: 2797: 2774: 2032:

and laid China to waste in eight years of war. The era also saw additional

1925: 1913: 1768: 1643: 1617: 1539: 1415: 1384: 1286: 1248: 1176: 1096: 1027: 550: 3188: 1546:. To control the opposing KMT factions, Chiang relied increasingly on the 9361: 8643: 8628: 8596: 8576: 8501: 8455: 7661: 7011: 5728: 4645: 4630: 4437: 4395: 4390: 4338: 3968:

Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and Revolution, 1937–1945.

2339:

The building was destroyed by fire in April 1949. Only the gate remains.

2121:

on 1 October 1949. The Republic of China central government relocated to

1988: 1928: 1670:

From 1945 to 1947, under United States mediation, especially through the

1380: 1361:

The following year, as Generalissimo of the National Revolutionary Army,

1332:

while claiming that they were the legitimate government of the mainland.

1256: 957: 941: 929: 559: 544: 148: 32: 3343: 1604:

against Japan by the Chongqing Nationalist Government on 9 December 1941

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The storm clouds clear over China: the memoir of Chʻen Li-fu, 1900–1993

2824: 1917: 1894: 1716: 1711: 1506: 1372: 1272: 918: 499: 417: 3155: 3131: 2013: 8460: 8205: 8200: 7537: 5911: 5866: 4804: 4745: 4084:

The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China.

3741:

Revolutionary Becomings: Documentary Media in Twentieth-Century China

3634: 1621: 1543: 1531: 1502: 1355: 1224: 1155: 516: 299: 259: 7426: 2986:(in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, ROC. Archived from 2348: 7345: 6672: 5986: 5979: 5292: 4077:

The Long March: The True History of Communist China's Founding Myth

2484: 2468:

The building is now served as the office of Nanjing Sports Bureau.

2186:'s Office in Qing dynasty, and as the Presidential Palace in 1948. 2021: 2017: 1737: 1567: 1411: 1367: 992:. The government was in place until it was replaced by the current 860: 756: 316: 243: 6160: 3936:(Vol. I–IV and Index. 1967–1979). 600 short scholarly biographies 1920:, the National Revolutionary Army fought major engagements in the 1821: 8699: 8425: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4162: 3809:

https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/media/articles/c091-200411073.pdf

2735: 2118: 1991:

peasants into service and force marching them to assigned units.

1407: 1183: 965: 333: 290: 269: 9183:

Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance

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administration map of the Republic of China during early 1930s.

4046:

War and Popular Culture: Resistance in Modern China, 1937–1945

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The building was also served as the Supreme Prosecutor Office

1710:

under the constitution by the National Assembly in 1948, with

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The building is now occupied by some governmental officials.

1562:

of democracy, republicanism, science, constitutionalism, and

1423: 1205: 1191: 850: 281: 1271:(1927–37), when most of China came under the control of the 8551: 1255:

in China. Central authority waxed and waned in response to

3189:"Estimates, Sources, And Calculations, 1929 To June, 1937" 2777:

and now serves as the Wuchang Uprising Memorial Building.

1813: 9382:

Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan

3798:

http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/608/608PDF/cyo.pdf

3440:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 303–307. 1825:

KMT troops rounding up Communist prisoners for execution

1579: 1167: 796:

Army and Navy Marshal stronghold of the Republic of China

16:

Government of the Republic of China between 1925 and 1948

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of the Kuomintang. However, periodic famines continued:

917:

from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist

9111:

United Nations Conference on International Organization

2765:

During the Wuhan Nationalist Government and during the

1654:" of Taiwan to the Republic of China and established a 1267:(1927–49), with central authority strongest during the 4098:

Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950.

3784: 3782: 1590:. In 1932, China for the first time sent teams to the 4032:

China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937–1945

3652:

Decisive encounters: the Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950

1708:

elected as the 1st President of the Republic of China

1574:

from 1928 to 1930, in Sichuan from 1936 to 1937, and

1227:, the Republic of China was formally established on 1 1143: 1129: 1115: 1101: 160: 114: 55: 3887:

A short history of Taiwan: the case for independence

3571: 2787: 2522:

Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command

1441: 4020:Gordon, David M. "The China-Japan War, 1931–1945," 3858:

Land Wars: the Story of China's Agrarian Revolution

3779: 3996:The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography 3649: 2929: 1916:aid as a means for the KMT to unify China against 1732:Headquarters of the National Government in Nanjing 1379:through China with the intention of defeating the 3947:Boorman, Howard L. "Sun Yat-sen" in Boorman, ed. 2936:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. 1612:in 1931, with hostilities continuing through the 980:under the Kuomintang, and was subsequently given 9468: 3987:Fairbank, John K. and Feuerwerker, Albert, eds. 3682:. Cambridge University Press, 1983, p. 190. 3073:"Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì Jiǎnjiè" 2549:Ministry of Transportation & Communications 1608:The Nationalists faced a new challenge with the 1434:, at least nominally, marking the beginning the 9377:Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War 1534:, Political Study Clique, and fascist-inspired 1414:within the KMT still allied to the CCP, led by 938:Provisional Government of the Republic of China 27:. For the Nationalist government in Spain, see 9244:Army groups of the National Revolutionary Army 3679:The Nationalist Revolution in China, 1923–1928 3629:"首都卫戍司令部、淞沪重庆警备司令，分别致电函京沪渝中共代表，所有中共人员限期全部撤退". 2972: 2125:on 7 December 1949, to Taiwan where Japan had 1701:, the drafted Constitution was adopted by the 1628:. The government returned to Nanjing in 1946. 1466:Organisational chart of the KMT regime (1934). 9477:Politics of the Republic of China (1912–1949) 9116:Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance 7980: 7442: 6434: 6176: 5829: 4178: 4006:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 3563:. Time Magazine. 7 April 1947. Archived from 3545:. Time Magazine. 10 June 1946. Archived from 3488:(6). Cambridge University Press: 2034, 2044. 1884: 1874: 1775:. Chiang Kai-shek was appointed as the first 1059: 1043: 729:8,368,561 km (3,231,119 sq mi) 204: 168:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China 154: 108: 48: 9407:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists 9285:Anti-Japanese resistance volunteers in China 7778:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists 4030:Hsiung, James C. and Steven I. Levine, eds. 3529:Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run 3269: 3107:Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia 882:National Government of the Republic of China 8858:Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 3949:Biographical Dictionary of Republican China 3932:Biographical Dictionary of Republican China 3346:(in Chinese). M.xzbu.com. 12 September 2012 2964:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFenby2009 ( 2896:Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan 2731:Nationalist Government in Chongqing (1939) 2539:Chengxian Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2292:Legislative Yuan (1946) & Control Yuan 1897:(KMT) from 1925 until 1947, as well as the 960:and rival governments. They were nominally 7987: 7973: 7449: 7435: 6183: 6169: 4185: 4171: 3926:(1998), 480 pages, the standard biography 3129: 3123: 2442:The building is now an office building of 2161:Headquarters of the Nationalist Government 1959:, with the bulk of its forces forming the 1251:and ending nearly three thousand years of 1026: 236: 224: 23:. For the 1926–1927 Wuhan government, see 3182: 3180: 3011: 928:on 10 October 1911, revolutionary leader 3526: 2754:Nationalist Government in Hankow (1927) 2690:Nationalist Government in Canton (1925) 2012: 2004: 1820: 1812: 1727: 1596: 1461: 123:National Anthem of the Republic of China 3975:The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949 3884: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3479: 3225: 3223: 2709:Nationalist Government in Wuhan (1926) 1869: 1542:and a right-wing faction influenced by 968:-based government led by Generalissimo 29:Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War) 9469: 5120:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 3855: 3647: 3177: 3104: 2841:Communist-controlled China (1927–1949) 1316:between the ruling Kuomintang and the 1145: 9214: 9151: 8729: 8135: 8007: 7968: 7456: 7430: 6896: 6698:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity 6433: 6320: 6206: 6164: 4166: 3732: 3706: 3098: 3086:from the original on 12 November 2018 2960: 2681: 2151: 2001:Economic history of China (1912–1949) 1953:Constitution of the Republic of China 1692:Constitution of the Republic of China 1538:opposed by a left-wing faction under 1322:Constitution of the Republic of China 998:Constitution of the Republic of China 386:parliamentary constitutional republic 6708:Special non-state-to-state relations 4001: 3738: 3685: 3386: 3263: 3229: 3220: 3214: 2009:A currency bill from 1930, early ROC 1631: 1498: 1483: 9482:Government of the Republic of China 9254:Japanese armoured fighting vehicles 8304:Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army 6190: 5816:Major Historical and Cultural Sites 4150:Government of the Republic of China 3109:. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. 2927: 2858:Sino-German cooperation (1926–1941) 2820:Government of the Republic of China 2759:Wuchang Uprising Memorial Building 2678: 2672: 2148: 2142: 1873:), pre-1928 sometimes shortened to 1777:Chairman of the National Government 1326:Government of the Republic of China 994:Government of the Republic of China 913:), refers to the government of the 823:Government of the Republic of China 702:Government of the Republic of China 13: 9215: 4954: 4192: 3579:"Taiwan Timeline – Civil War" 3430: 3402:Journal of Guyuan Teachers College 3257:"禁纏足、興女學：南京國民政府在興女權上做出巨大努力 – 雪花新闻" 3186: 3065: 3056: 2863:Diplomatic history of World War II 1805:Republic of China Military Academy 14: 9528: 9392:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet 8730: 5111:Political Consultative Conference 4105: 3531:. Paris: OECD Development Centre. 3453: 2640:Residence of the Chairman (1946) 2559:No.303-305 Zhongshan North Road, 2226:No.252-254 Zhongshan North Road, 1676:Political Consultative Conference 1642:After the defeat of Japan during 1442:Nanjing Decade and War with Japan 1223:The oldest surviving republic in 9450: 9440: 9431: 9430: 9397:Japanese occupation of Hong Kong 8211:East Hebei Autonomous Government 8136: 7918:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan 7602: 7589: 7570: 7554: 7545: 7536: 7525: 7507: 7494: 7484: 7474: 7408: 7396: 7385: 7384: 6627:List of administrative divisions 5897:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty 5892:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty 4111: 3929:Boorman, Howard L., et al., ed. 2804: 2790: 2734: 2719:No.708, Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan 2712: 2643: 2607: 2580: 2552: 2532: 2504: 2476: 2453: 2426: 2400: 2376: 2347: 2323: 2295: 2271: 2247: 2219: 2194: 2165: 1646:, Taiwan was surrendered to the 1010:History of the Republic of China 827: 802: 788: 585:• Established in Guangzhou 210: 174: 131: 87: 73: 9492:1948 disestablishments in China 8888:West Henan–North Hubei campaign 7907:Yangtze River Crossing campaign 7409: 5887:Four Paragons of the Early Tang 5084:Political parties and movements 4448:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 4433:Northern and Southern dynasties 4022:The Journal of Military History 3878: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3822: 3813: 3802: 3791: 3770: 3761: 3670: 3641: 3622: 3613: 3597: 3553: 3535: 3520: 3473: 3447: 3424: 3380: 3358: 3336: 3314: 3292: 3249: 3230:Teon, Aris (28 February 2018). 3207: 2132: 2049:Japan's occupation of Manchuria 1206: 1192: 1168: 356:provisional government under a 31:. For the general concept, see 8322:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces 8221:Provisional Chinese Government 8094:Hebei–Chahar Political Council 8034:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 8008: 4118:Nationalist Government (China) 3366:"抗戰前推動「普及教育案」的背景與實際作為 – 大中華民國" 3050: 3035: 3005: 2954: 2921: 2880: 2577:National Assembly Hall (1936) 2127:laid an educational groundwork 1957:Republic of China Armed Forces 1885: 1875: 1859: 1850: 1842: 1610:Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1560:Three Principles of the People 1239:, which itself began with the 1144: 1130: 1116: 1102: 1060: 1044: 924:Following the outbreak of the 910:Zhōnghuá mínguó guómín zhèngfǔ 909: 889: 638:7 July 1937 – 2 September 1945 205: 155: 109: 49: 1: 9336:Declaration by United Nations 9152: 9101:Yan'an Rectification Movement 9040:Kaimingjie germ weapon attack 8389:Collaborationist Chinese Army 7947:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency 7922:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang 7514:Constitutional ROC Government 6321: 6220:Timeline of Taiwanese history 3885:Davison, Gary Marvin (2003). 3837:Sun Jian, pp. 1237–1240. 3656:. Stanford University Press. 3105:Forbes, Andrew D. W. (1986). 3059:China at War: An Encyclopedia 3041: 3018:. Hoover Press. p. 102. 2909: 2830:Republic of China (1912–1949) 2603:National Assembly Hall (1946) 2570:PLA Nanjing Political College 2450:Ministry of Economic Affairs 2433:No.200 Zhongshan North Road, 2423:National Resource Commission 2383:No.101 Zhongshan North Road, 2302:No.105 Zhongshan North Road, 2237:PLA Nanjing Political College 2076:Rural Reconstruction Movement 1883:and between 1928 and 1947 as 1723: 9487:1927 establishments in China 9305:Soviet invasion of Manchuria 9178:Chinese Communist Revolution 9121:Hirohito surrender broadcast 9091:Nine Power Treaty Conference 8828:Zhongtiao Mountains campaign 7936:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign 7672:Chinese Communist Revolution 6985:Taiwanese indigenous peoples 6723:Taiwan independence movement 5189:Ministry of National Defense 4528:Chinese Communist Revolution 3856:DeMare, Brian James (2019). 2914: 2771:Wuhan Nationalist Government 2511:No.305 Zhongshan East Road, 2460:No.145 Zhongshan East Road, 2397:Military Affairs Commission 2354:No.41-43 Beijing East Road, 2034:boycott of Japanese products 1893:was the Military Arm of the 1659:in what is now known as the 1638:Chinese Communist Revolution 1420:rival Nationalist Government 1346:Wuhan Nationalist Government 1247:October 1911, replacing the 25:Wuhan Nationalist government 7: 9010:Zhengding Missionary Murder 8838:1941-1942 Changsha campaign 8813:Hundred Regiments Offensive 8226:Reformed Chinese Government 7532:Republic of China on Taiwan 7500:National Revolutionary Army 7468:Principal belligerents and 6880:Water supply and sanitation 6207: 5852:Flowers of the Four Seasons 5837:Four Treasures of the Study 5456:Water supply and sanitation 5184:Central Military Commission 5179:Outline of military history 4929:Province-level subdivisions 4061:Rubinstein, Murray A., ed. 4034:(1992), essays by scholars 4002:Fung, Edmund S. K. (2000). 3819:Sun Jian, pp. 615–616. 3609:. Vol. 40. Time. 1956. 3561:"Snow Red & Moon Angel" 3324:. Yangtse.com. 29 June 2020 3302:. Yangtse.com. 29 June 2020 2932:Taiwan: A Political History 2851:Mongolian People's Republic 2783: 2058:foreign investment in China 1965:retreated to Taiwan in 1949 1905:during the KMT's period of 1831:National Revolutionary Army 1817:The NRA during World War II 1799:National Revolutionary Army 1792: 1773:National Revolutionary Army 1678:. This was included in the 1548:National Revolutionary Army 1335: 161: 115: 56: 10: 9533: 9065:Zhejiang-Jiangxi massacres 9045:Execution of Huang Yiguang 8990:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 8843:Japanese invasion of Burma 8803:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 8768:Northern and Eastern Henan 8653:Japanese and collaborators 8470:Japanese and collaborators 8315:Japanese and collaborators 8189:Japanese and collaborators 8119:Marco Polo Bridge Incident 7744:Fujian People's Government 7610:People's Republic of China 7198:Inventions and discoveries 6703:Political status of Taiwan 6272:Taiwan under Japanese rule 5125:Primary stage of socialism 5067:National People's Congress 4535:People's Republic of China 3915: 3716:Cambridge University Press 3714:. Cambridge New York, NY: 3619:评马歇尔离华声明，周恩来选集上卷，1947-1-10 3368:. Stararctic108.weebly.com 3148:10.1177/009770049702300403 2900:political status of Taiwan 2631:and the birthplace of the 2629:1948 presidential election 2489:Huangpu District, Shanghai 1998: 1994: 1912:Originally organized with 1802: 1796: 1740:, effectively making it a 1699:National Assembly election 1635: 1455: 1445: 1339: 1307:political status of Taiwan 1007: 1003: 976:governed the country as a 18: 9426: 9344: 9313: 9277: 9264:Japanese infantry weapons 9231: 9227: 9210: 9158: 9147: 9083: 8952: 8906: 8848:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 8740: 8736: 8725: 8652: 8621: 8614: 8469: 8408: 8401: 8314: 8252: 8243: 8188: 8153: 8146: 8142: 8131: 8049:Defense of the Great Wall 8039:Pacification of Manchukuo 8014: 8003: 7617: 7464: 7380: 7241: 7158: 7022: 6970: 6963: 6920: 6892: 6731: 6640: 6593: 6458: 6429: 6335: 6316: 6215: 6202: 6122: 6090: 6008: 5929: 5709: 5515: 5506: 5464: 5424: 5266: 5257: 5169: 5020: 4950: 4941: 4904: 4875:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves 4830: 4764: 4673: 4611: 4583: 4574: 4503: 4381: 4329: 4289: 4213: 4204: 4145: 4138: 4126: 4050:complete text online free 3906:and 71.3 percent in 1943. 3862:Stanford University Press 3745:Columbia University Press 3676:Wilbur, Clarence Martin. 3648:Westad, Odd Arne (2003). 3606:Truman, China and History 3494:10.1017/S0026749X13000103 3456:"Sichuan famine, 1936–37" 3272:"Gender Quotas in Taiwan" 3236:The Greater China Journal 3130:Fitzgerald, John (1997). 2320:Judicial Yuan's Entrance 1432:unified the entire nation 1217: 1199: 1182: 1175: 1161: 1154: 1137: 1123: 1109: 1095: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1069: 1053: 1037: 1025: 1021: 1016: 996:in the newly promulgated 982:international recognition 843: 767: 755: 733: 723: 716: 712: 698: 685: 672: 655: 642: 629: 616: 606: 593: 583: 579: 571: 556: 541: 531: 527: 510: 493: 489: 479: 475: 463: 459: 449: 445: 428: 411: 407: 397: 344: 332: 322: 312: 252: 235: 223: 197: 103: 69: 64: 42: 9512:Second Sino-Japanese War 9290:American Volunteer Group 9050:New Fourth Army incident 9035:Tientsin Incident (1939) 8960:Tientsin Incident (1931) 8944:Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou 8883:1944-1945 Burma campaign 8808:Zaoyang–Yichang campaign 8788:Suixian–Zaoyang campaign 8260:Nationalist Armed Forces 7996:Second Sino-Japanese War 7595:People's Liberation Army 6693:One Country on Each Side 6605:Administrative divisions 6050:Catholic Church in China 5194:People's Liberation Army 5161:One country, two systems 3961:China at War, 1901–1949. 3397: 3389: 3322:"从合礼到非法：纳妾制度在中国是如何被废除的？" 3300:"从合礼到非法：纳妾制度在中国是如何被废除的？" 3195:. Transaction Publishers 3074: 3061:. ABC-CLIO. p. 531. 3043: 2873: 2616:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2614:No.264 Changjiang Road, 2513:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2462:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2407:No.292 Changjiang Road, 2268:Legislative Yuan (1928) 2256:Xuanwu District, Nanjing 2172:No.292 Changjiang Road, 2085:Second Chinese Civil War 2081:Second Sino-Japanese War 1945:People's Liberation Army 1933:Second Sino-Japanese War 1809:Whampoa Military Academy 1614:Second Sino-Japanese War 1452:Second Sino-Japanese War 1391:and get rid of the KMT. 1312:After World War II, the 1039:Traditional Chinese 986:Second Sino-Japanese War 633:Second Sino-Japanese War 608:• Reset in Nanjing 9321:Sino-German cooperation 9188:Treaty of San Francisco 8985:Murder of Pamela Werner 8924:1944 Battle of Changsha 8919:Battle of Central Henan 8898:Second Guangxi campaign 8675:Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu 8353:Manchukuo Armed Forces 8178:Chinese Communist Party 8064:Inner Mongolia Campaign 7734:Chinese Soviet Republic 7710:Autumn Harvest Uprising 6875:Uniform Invoice lottery 6790:State-owned enterprises 6563:Office of the President 5882:Four Pillars of Destiny 5667:Regional discrimination 5089:Chinese Communist Party 4140:Nationalist government 3980:Fairbank, John K., ed. 3938:excerpt and text search 3922:Bergere, Marie-Claire. 3788:Sun Jian, p. 1089. 3776:Sun Jian, p. 1353. 3767:Sun Jian, pp. 1059–1071 3431:Li, Lillian M. (2007). 3390:浅析1928-1930年西北大旱灾的特点及影响 2888:Treaty of San Francisco 2561:Gulou District, Nanjing 2444:Nanjing Tech University 2435:Gulou District, Nanjing 2385:Gulou District, Nanjing 2332:Gulou District, Nanjing 2330:No.251 Zhongshan Road, 2304:Gulou District, Nanjing 2228:Gulou District, Nanjing 1688:China Democratic League 1458:Chinese Soviet Republic 1318:Chinese Communist Party 1293:surrendered control of 1055:Simplified Chinese 644:• Admitted to the 323:Official languages 162:Zhōnghuá míngúo gúoqígē 9517:Military dictatorships 9300:Soviet Volunteer Group 9168:Double Tenth Agreement 9126:Chongqing Negotiations 8833:1941 Changsha campaign 8798:First Guangxi campaign 8793:1939 Changsha campaign 8660:Prince Kan'in Kotohito 8289:Communist Armed Forces 8079:Chin–Doihara Agreement 7932:Hainan Island campaign 7811:Double Tenth Agreement 7807:Chongqing Negotiations 7724:Encirclement campaigns 6835:Semiconductor industry 6653:Cross-Strait relations 6610:Special municipalities 6262:Taiwan under Qing rule 5635:Science and technology 5308:Special economic zones 4560:persecution of Uyghurs 4488:Century of humiliation 3973:Eastman Lloyd, et al. 3395:Gùyuán Shīzhuān Xuébào 3387:Chen, Sherong (2002). 3193:China's Bloody Century 2529:Ministry of Education 2244:Executive Yuan (1949) 2216:Executive Yuan (1946) 2191:Executive Yuan (1928) 2182:The complex served as 2047:from 1931 to 1935 and 2025: 2010: 1981: 1961:Republic of China Army 1937:Imperial Japanese Army 1826: 1818: 1733: 1680:Double Tenth Agreement 1605: 1467: 952:to install himself as 944:, who established the 878:Nationalist government 276:(1927–1937, 1946–1949) 8975:North Chahar incident 8970:Pingdingshan massacre 8089:December 9th Movement 8069:North Chahar incident 7821:Jiaochangkou Incident 6718:Taiwanese nationalism 6237:Early Chinese contact 5842:Four Great Inventions 5226:People's Armed Police 4063:Taiwan: A New History 3846:Sun Jian, pp. 617–618 3527:Maddison, A. (1998). 3046:(in Chinese). 联经出版公司. 2627:. It was the site of 2254:Zhongshan East Road, 2201:No.19 Dongjian Road, 2184:Viceroy of Liangjiang 2016: 2008: 1999:Further information: 1976: 1824: 1816: 1731: 1656:provincial government 1600: 1588:Central Bank of China 1465: 1446:Further information: 1400:purged the Communists 934:Provisional President 358:military dictatorship 116:Zhōnghuá mínguó guógē 9269:Military engagements 9030:1938 Dalfram dispute 8934:Battle of Mount Song 8818:South Henan campaign 8763:Bombing of Chongqing 8517:Naruhiko Higashikuni 8379:Inner Mongolian Army 8216:Great Way Government 8084:August 1 Declaration 6230:archaeological sites 5821:World Heritage Sites 5349:Foreign aid received 5057:Environmental policy 4855:Environmental policy 4850:Environmental issues 4120:at Wikimedia Commons 3953:complete text online 3482:Modern Asian Studies 3404:] (in Chinese). 2278:No.273 Baixia Road, 1924:against the Chinese 1870:Kuo-min Ke-ming Chün 1661:February 28 Incident 1418:, had established a 689:Constitution adopted 676:February 28 incident 625:1927–1936, 1946–1950 9352:Japanese propaganda 9163:Occupation of Japan 9000:Guanganmen incident 8965:January 28 incident 8873:1944 Burma campaign 8863:West Hubei campaign 8231:Wang Jingwei regime 8114:Second United Front 8044:January 28 incident 7774:Second United Front 7694:Nanjing–Wuhan split 7642:Sun–Joffe Manifesto 7491:National Government 7368:Tourist attractions 6825:Maritime industries 6758:Automotive industry 6663:Chinese nationalism 6658:Chinese unification 6502:Additional Articles 6267:Republic of Formosa 6257:Kingdom of Tungning 6067:History of religion 6062:Freedom of religion 5917:Four Pests campaign 5862:Four Classic Novels 5474:Automotive industry 5354:Foreign aid program 5045:Pro-democratisation 4540:Cultural Revolution 4100:(2003). 413 pages. 4068:Shiroyama, Tomoko. 3951:(1970) 3: 170–189, 3860:. Stanford, Calif: 3739:Qian, Ying (2024). 3549:on 14 January 2005. 3543:"This Is the Shame" 3408:(1). Archived from 2928:Roy, Denny (2003). 2501:Ministry of Health 2485:East-1 Zhongshan Rd 2112:land redistribution 1922:Northern Expedition 1909:beginning in 1928. 1839:traditional Chinese 1684:Chinese Youth Party 1564:Chinese Nationalism 1536:Blue Shirts Society 1377:Northern Expedition 1354:was established in 1342:Northern Expedition 1263:(1937–45), and the 974:Northern Expedition 597:Northern Expedition 21:Wang Jingwei regime 9259:Japanese campaigns 9239:Aerial engagements 9198:Murayama Statement 9131:Surrender of Japan 9096:Konoe Declarations 9075:Gegenmiao massacre 9070:Changjiao massacre 9020:USS Panay incident 8939:Battle of Hengyang 8929:Siege of Myitkyina 8074:He–Umezu Agreement 7714:Guangzhou Uprising 7652:First United Front 7032:Formosan languages 6855:Telecommunications 6688:North–South divide 6632:Metropolitan areas 5974:Population history 5954:Internal migration 5569:Harmonious Society 5444:Telecommunications 5401:Standard of living 5320:Online advertising 5072:Standing Committee 4130:Beiyang government 4096:Westad, Odd Arne. 3959:Dreyer, Edward L. 3891:Praeger Publishers 3270:Chang-Ling Huang. 2835:Beiyang government 2695:No.118 Yuehua rd, 2682:Construction Date 2152:Construction Date 2026: 2011: 1881:Revolutionary Army 1847:simplified Chinese 1827: 1819: 1734: 1606: 1568:Political Tutelage 1473:political tutelage 1468: 1428:Beiyang government 1394:Chiang decided to 1169:Jūng'wàh Màhn'gwok 972:, which after the 964:in 1928 under the 946:Beiyang government 9464: 9463: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9372:On Protracted War 9249:Japanese Aircraft 9206: 9205: 9143: 9142: 9139: 9138: 9055:Panjiayu massacre 8995:Langfang Incident 8914:Battle of Lanfeng 8893:Zhijiang campaign 8878:Operation Ichi-Go 8823:Shanggao campaign 8783:Nanchang campaign 8748:Shanghai campaign 8721: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8610: 8609: 8547:Shigetarō Shimada 8487:Kiichirō Hiranuma 8402:Political Leaders 8397: 8396: 8294:Eighth Route Army 8239: 8238: 8161:Republic of China 8127: 8126: 8099:Wayaobu Manifesto 8024:Chinese Civil War 7962: 7961: 7957: 7956: 7952: 7951: 7876:Liaoshen campaign 7858:Yu Zisan Incident 7825:Peiping rape case 7794: 7793: 7706:Nanchang uprising 7702:Little Long March 7690:Shanghai massacre 7480:Nationalist Party 7458:Chinese Civil War 7424: 7423: 7376: 7375: 7154: 7153: 7124:Taiwanese Hokkien 6888: 6887: 6683:Foreign relations 6596:Regions of Taiwan 6580:Political parties 6568:Secretary-General 6425: 6424: 6372:Protected species 6312: 6311: 6282:Retreat to Taiwan 6277:Republic of China 6242:Kingdom of Middag 6158: 6157: 6118: 6117: 5925: 5924: 5502: 5501: 5489:Shipping industry 5253: 5252: 5219:Strategic Support 5094:General Secretary 5079:National security 5062:Foreign relations 5016: 5015: 4937: 4936: 4900: 4899: 4603:Natural disasters 4570: 4569: 4523:Chinese Civil War 4518:Republic of China 4493:Taiping Rebellion 4366:Spring and Autumn 4271:Foreign relations 4161: 4160: 4146:Succeeded by 4116:Media related to 4092:978-0-674-03338-2 4044:Hung, Chang-tai. 4037:Hsi-sheng, Ch'i. 3994:Fogel, Joshua A. 3940:. Also online at 3871:978-1-5036-0952-5 3828:Sun Jian, p. 1319 3725:978-1-009-29761-5 3567:on 17 March 2005. 3187:Rummel, Rudolph. 3116:978-0-521-25514-1 2990:on 3 January 2020 2846:Tibet (1912–1951) 2781: 2780: 2665: 2664: 2650:Purple Mountain, 2625:National Assembly 2344:Examination Yuan 1941:Chinese Civil War 1903:Republic of China 1860:Guómín Gémìng Jūn 1703:National Assembly 1665:Taiwanese history 1632:Post-World War II 1572:in Northern China 1404:Chinese Civil War 1352:Republic of China 1265:Chinese Civil War 1261:Japanese invasion 1237:Xinhai Revolution 1221: 1220: 1213: 1212: 1207:Tiong-huâ bîn-kok 1193:Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok 1163:Yale Romanization 1131:Chung-hua min-kuo 1090:Standard Mandarin 1017:Republic of China 990:Chinese Civil War 926:Xinhai Revolution 915:Republic of China 880:, officially the 874: 873: 839: 838: 835: 834: 815: 814: 746:Old Taiwan dollar 620:Chinese Civil War 536:National Assembly 512:• 1947–1948 495:• 1928–1930 465:• 1931–1946 430:• 1943–1948 286:(1927, 1937–1938) 189: 142: 44:Republic of China 9524: 9454: 9444: 9434: 9433: 9229: 9228: 9212: 9211: 9193:Treaty of Taipei 9173:Retrocession Day 9149: 9148: 9106:Cairo Conference 9084:Political events 9060:Rape of Nancheng 9025:Kweilin incident 9015:Nanking Massacre 8868:Changde campaign 8758:Nanjing campaign 8753:Taiyuan campaign 8738: 8737: 8727: 8726: 8619: 8618: 8615:Military Leaders 8522:Seishirō Itagaki 8477:Emperor Hirohito 8406: 8405: 8342:Navy Air Service 8332:Army Air Service 8250: 8249: 8151: 8150: 8144: 8143: 8133: 8132: 8104:Suiyuan campaign 8005: 8004: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7966: 7965: 7890:Pingjin campaign 7886:Huaihai campaign 7835:Marshall Mission 7800: 7799: 7686:Shanghai Commune 7682:Nanking incident 7635: 7634: 7620: 7619: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7593: 7574: 7558: 7549: 7540: 7530: 7529: 7518:ROC Armed Forces 7512: 7511: 7498: 7489: 7488: 7478: 7451: 7444: 7437: 7428: 7427: 7412: 7411: 7400: 7388: 7387: 7276:Cultural history 7228:Waste management 6980:Taiwanese people 6968: 6967: 6922:National symbols 6901:National Symbols 6894: 6893: 6810:Economic history 6805: 6797:Defense industry 6641:Political issues 6546:Military history 6431: 6430: 6318: 6317: 6204: 6203: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6162: 6161: 6138: 6131: 6028:Tibetan Buddhism 6023:Chinese Buddhism 5877:Four Holy Beasts 5827: 5826: 5679:Social relations 5608:Standard Chinese 5603:Chinese language 5513: 5512: 5298:Economic history 5264: 5263: 5243:Maritime Militia 4952: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4919:Border crossings 4914:Baseline islands 4609: 4608: 4581: 4580: 4545:Tiananmen Square 4428:Sixteen Kingdoms 4236:Military history 4211: 4210: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4156: 4152: 4135: 4127:Preceded by 4124: 4123: 4115: 4017: 3991:(1986). 1092 pp. 3984:(1983). 1001 pp. 3963:(1995). 422 pp. 3942:Internet Archive 3909: 3908: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3811: 3806: 3800: 3795: 3789: 3786: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3743:. 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2430: 2404: 2380: 2351: 2327: 2313:Second World War 2299: 2280:Qinhuai District 2275: 2251: 2223: 2198: 2169: 2140: 2139: 2045:Great Depression 2030:Japanese invaded 1985:Operation Ichigo 1888: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1871: 1861: 1852: 1844: 1765:Examination Yuan 1757:Legislative Yuan 1672:Marshall Mission 1481: 1246: 1241:Wuchang Uprising 1231:January 1912 in 1230: 1209: 1208: 1195: 1194: 1171: 1170: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1133: 1132: 1119: 1118: 1105: 1104: 1081: 1080: 1065: 1064: 1049: 1048: 1030: 1014: 1013: 958:warlord fiefdoms 954:Emperor of China 950:a failed attempt 936:and founded the 911: 902: 831: 830: 819: 818: 806: 805: 792: 791: 785: 784: 769: 768: 694:25 December 1947 681:28 February 1947 566:Legislative Yuan 390: 378: 362: 327:Standard Chinese 305: 296: 287: 277: 265: 240: 228: 218: 214: 208: 207: 191: 190: 164: 158: 157: 144: 143: 129: 126: 118: 112: 111: 91: 77: 59: 53: 52: 51: 40: 39: 9532: 9531: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9523: 9522: 9521: 9467: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9414: 9357:Kumul Rebellion 9340: 9309: 9273: 9223: 9222: 9202: 9154: 9135: 9079: 9005:Tongzhou mutiny 8948: 8902: 8853:Linnan campaign 8778:Xuzhou campaign 8732: 8709: 8670:Yoshijirō Umezu 8665:Hajime Sugiyama 8648: 8606: 8537:Mitsumasa Yonai 8532:Korechika Anami 8497:Mitsumasa Yonai 8465: 8431:Kung Hsiang-hsi 8416:Chiang Kai-shek 8393: 8384:East Hebei Army 8310: 8299:New Fourth Army 8235: 8196:Empire of Japan 8184: 8173:Communist China 8138: 8123: 8029:Mukden Incident 8010: 7999: 7993: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7938: 7934: 7920: 7916: 7909: 7905: 7901:Taiping Steamer 7888: 7874: 7823: 7809: 7795: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7613: 7603: 7601: 7580:New Fourth Army 7551:Soviet Republic 7542:Communist Party 7534: 7524: 7506: 7483: 7460: 7455: 7425: 7420: 7372: 7237: 7208:Public holidays 7181:Sex trafficking 7176:Organized crime 7150: 7018: 6959: 6916: 6915: 6884: 6803: 6727: 6678:De-Sinicization 6636: 6598: 6589: 6536:Law enforcement 6468: 6463: 6454: 6453: 6421: 6368:Endemic species 6331: 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Declaration 1584:Academia Sinica 1527:able to survive 1475: 1460: 1454: 1444: 1363:Chiang Kai-shek 1348: 1340:Main articles: 1338: 1291:Empire of Japan 1280:one-party state 1275:(KMT) under an 1244: 1228: 1117:Jonghwa Min'gwo 1111:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 1103:Zhōnghuá mínguó 1075:Chunghwa Minkuo 1033: 1012: 1006: 978:one-party state 970:Chiang Kai-shek 870: 828: 803: 789: 751: 726: 705: 691: 678: 668:25 October 1945 665: 661:Taiwan and the 659:Retrocession of 651:24 October 1945 648: 635: 622: 609: 599: 586: 562: 547: 513: 496: 470:Chiang Kai-shek 466: 435:Chiang Kai-shek 431: 414: 393: 388: 376: 360: 308: 303: 302: 294: 293: 285: 284: 275: 273: 263: 262: 248: 231: 219: 216: 215: 209: 203: 193: 192: 175: 171: 165: 159: 145: 132: 127: 120: 119: 113: 99: 98: 97: 92: 84: 83: 78: 60: 57:Zhōnghuá mínguó 54: 47: 45: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9530: 9520: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9507:1940s in China 9504: 9502:1930s in China 9499: 9497:1920s in China 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9458: 9448: 9438: 9427: 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8780: 8775: 8773:Wuhan campaign 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8744: 8742: 8734: 8733: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8708: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8690:Koshirō Oikawa 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8662: 8656: 8654: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8625: 8623: 8616: 8612: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8605: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8567:Demchugdongrub 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8512:Kantarō Suzuki 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8482:Fumimaro Konoe 8479: 8473: 8471: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8412: 8410: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8359: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8347:Naval Infantry 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8272: 8267: 8256: 8254: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8185: 8183: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8157: 8155: 8148: 8140: 8139: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8109:Xi'an Incident 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8054:Battle of Rehe 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8019:Nanjing decade 8015: 8012: 8011: 8001: 8000: 7992: 7991: 7984: 7977: 7969: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7940: 7939: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7865: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7842: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7804: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7782: 7781: 7771: 7767: 7766: 7764:Xi'an Incident 7761: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7737: 7736: 7731: 7727: 7726: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7669: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7618: 7615: 7614: 7576:8th Route Army 7567:Liberated Area 7473: 7472: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7454: 7453: 7446: 7439: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7418: 7406: 7394: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7364: 7363: 7353: 7351:Taiwanese wave 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7291:Glove puppetry 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7247: 7245: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7223:Taiwan studies 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7168: 7162: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7028: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6982: 6976: 6974: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6937: 6932: 6926: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6870:Transportation 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6845:Taiwan Miracle 6842: 6840:Stock exchange 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6760: 6755: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6737: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6668:Chinese Taipei 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6573:Vice President 6570: 6565: 6555: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6511: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6471: 6469: 6459: 6456: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6397:National parks 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6322: 6314: 6313: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6222: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6200: 6199: 6188: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6140: 6139: 6132: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6096: 6094: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6014: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5983: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5847:Four Gentlemen 5844: 5839: 5833: 5831: 5830:Fours of China 5824: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5649: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5587: 5586: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5564: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5479:Civil aviation 5476: 5470: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5428: 5426: 5425:Infrastructure 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5379:Semiconductors 5376: 5371: 5361: 5359:Historical GDP 5356: 5351: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5324: 5323: 5322: 5312: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5295: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5278: 5273: 5267: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5137:Vice President 5129: 5128: 5127: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5081: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5037: 5032: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4966: 4960: 4958: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4910: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4865:National parks 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4845:Climate policy 4842: 4840:Climate change 4836: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4746:Central Plains 4735: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4593:Extreme points 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4515: 4509: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4401:Three Kingdoms 4398: 4393: 4387: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4371:Warring States 4368: 4363: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4231:Historiography 4228: 4223: 4217: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4190: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4167: 4159: 4158: 4155:(1948–present) 4147: 4144: 4137: 4128: 4122: 4121: 4107: 4106:External links 4104: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4052: 4042: 4035: 4028: 4018: 4012: 3999: 3992: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3927: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3899: 3893:. p. 64. 3877: 3870: 3864:. p. 18. 3848: 3839: 3830: 3821: 3812: 3801: 3790: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3753: 3731: 3724: 3684: 3669: 3662: 3640: 3621: 3612: 3596: 3570: 3552: 3534: 3519: 3472: 3446: 3423: 3412:on 7 July 2011 3379: 3357: 3335: 3313: 3291: 3262: 3248: 3219: 3206: 3176: 3122: 3115: 3097: 3064: 3049: 3034: 3024: 3004: 2971: 2953: 2946: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2868:Nanjing decade 2865: 2860: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2827: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2801: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2739: 2732: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2648: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2585: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2481: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2458: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2405: 2398: 2394: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2374: 2373:Supreme Court 2370: 2369: 2362: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2309: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2252: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2230: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2199: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2180: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2134: 2131: 2110:The communist 2104:hyperinflation 2066:overproduction 2041:Nanjing decade 1996: 1993: 1972:Rudolph Rummel 1797:Main article: 1794: 1791: 1753:Executive Yuan 1725: 1722: 1636:Main article: 1633: 1630: 1626:United Nations 1556:Nanjing Decade 1523:Rudolph Rummel 1519:even rebellion 1515:Xi'an Incident 1511:Zhang Xueliang 1448:Nanjing decade 1443: 1440: 1436:Nanjing Decade 1371:leader of the 1337: 1334: 1285:At the end of 1269:Nanjing Decade 1235:following the 1233:mainland China 1219: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1203: 1197: 1196: 1189: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1156:Yue: Cantonese 1152: 1151: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1127: 1121: 1120: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1084:Transcriptions 1077: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1041: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1008:Main article: 1005: 1002: 872: 871: 869: 868: 863: 858: 853: 847: 845: 841: 840: 837: 836: 833: 832: 825: 816: 813: 812: 807: 799: 798: 793: 781: 780: 775: 765: 764: 759: 753: 752: 750: 749: 743: 737: 735: 731: 730: 727: 724: 721: 720: 714: 713: 710: 709: 706: 699: 696: 695: 692: 686: 683: 682: 679: 673: 670: 669: 666: 656: 653: 652: 649: 646:United Nations 643: 640: 639: 636: 630: 627: 626: 623: 617: 614: 613: 610: 607: 604: 603: 600: 594: 591: 590: 587: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576: 573: 569: 568: 563: 557: 554: 553: 548: 542: 539: 538: 533: 529: 528: 525: 524: 514: 511: 508: 507: 497: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 483: 477: 476: 473: 472: 467: 464: 461: 460: 457: 456: 453: 447: 446: 443: 442: 432: 429: 426: 425: 415: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 395: 394: 392: 391: 383:dominant-party 379: 363: 350: 348: 342: 341: 336: 330: 329: 324: 320: 319: 314: 310: 309: 307: 306: 297: 288: 279: 266: 256: 254: 250: 249: 241: 233: 232: 229: 221: 220: 195: 194: 173: 146: 130: 101: 100: 93: 86: 85: 79: 72: 71: 70: 67: 66: 62: 61: 46: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9529: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9437: 9429: 9428: 9425: 9411:Stubborn Army 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9402:Dixie Mission 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9312: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9295:Flying Tigers 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9276: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9218: 9217: 9213: 9209: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9157: 9150: 9146: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9082: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8957: 8955: 8951: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8907:Major Battles 8905: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8731:Course of War 8728: 8724: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8651: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8592:Liang Hongzhi 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8557:Zhang Jinghui 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8542:Zengo Yoshida 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8527:Shunroku Hata 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8507:Kuniaki Koiso 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8468: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8451:Zhang Wentian 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8436:Soong Tse-ven 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8404: 8400: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8281: 8278: 8277: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8187: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8171: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8134: 8130: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8006: 8002: 7997: 7990: 7985: 7983: 7978: 7976: 7971: 7970: 7967: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7913: 7908: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7871: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7801: 7797: 7790: 7789:Dixie Mission 7787: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7762: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7745: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7725: 7722: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7643: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7612: 7611: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7568: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7552: 7548: 7543: 7539: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7471: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7452: 7447: 7445: 7440: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7429: 7417: 7416: 7407: 7405: 7404: 7399: 7395: 7393: 7392: 7383: 7382: 7379: 7369: 7366: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7316:Night markets 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7141:Sign Language 7139: 7135: 7134:Matsu dialect 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6998: 6995: 6991: 6990:Ethnic groups 6988: 6987: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6945: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6912: 6909: 6906: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6778: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6768:List of banks 6766: 6765: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6592: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6492:Civil defense 6490: 6488: 6485: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6358:Deforestation 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6334: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6287:Guanbi policy 6285: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6247:Dutch Formosa 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6181: 6179: 6174: 6172: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6055:Protestantism 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6040:Folk religion 6038: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6020: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5944:Ethnic groups 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5857:Four Beauties 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5696:Urban society 5694: 5692: 5689: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5652:Social issues 5650: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5630:Rural society 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5530:Chinese Dream 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5494:Space program 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5146: 5145: 5144:State Council 5142: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5030:Civil service 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4636:South Central 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4423:Jin (266–420) 4421: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4266:Ethnic groups 4264: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4176: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4165: 4151: 4141: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4099: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4082:Taylor, Jay. 4081: 4078: 4075:Shuyun, Sun. 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4054:Lara, Diana. 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4009: 4005: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3933: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3907: 3902: 3900:0-275-98131-2 3896: 3892: 3888: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3825: 3816: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3794: 3785: 3783: 3773: 3764: 3756: 3754:9780231204477 3750: 3746: 3742: 3735: 3727: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3681: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3663:0-8047-4478-5 3659: 3654: 3653: 3644: 3636: 3632: 3625: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3600: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3461: 3457: 3454:Kelly, Luke. 3450: 3443: 3436: 3435: 3427: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3392: 3383: 3367: 3361: 3345: 3344:"南京国民政府时期的教育" 3339: 3323: 3317: 3301: 3295: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3258: 3252: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3224: 3216: 3210: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3181: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3118: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3060: 3053: 3038: 3031: 3027: 3025:0-8179-9272-3 3021: 3017: 3016: 3008: 3001: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2949: 2947:0-8014-8805-2 2943: 2939: 2934: 2933: 2924: 2920: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2890:in 1952. See 2889: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2812:Taiwan portal 2802: 2799: 2788: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2675: 2671: 2668: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2473:Central Bank 2472: 2471: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2007: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1975: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1939:, and in the 1938: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:national army 1896: 1892: 1891:National Army 1882: 1872: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1823: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761:Judicial Yuan 1758: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1730: 1721: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1592:Olympic Games 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1566:based on the 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1492:authoritarian 1489: 1485: 1479: 1474: 1464: 1459: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:island groups 1296: 1292: 1289:in 1945, the 1288: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277:authoritarian 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:imperial rule 1250: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1216: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 922: 921:(KMT) party. 920: 916: 912: 906: 901: 898: 895: 892: 887: 883: 879: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 848: 846: 844:Today part of 842: 826: 824: 821: 820: 817: 811: 810:Beiyang China 808: 801: 800: 797: 794: 787: 786: 783: 782: 779: 776: 774: 771: 770: 766: 763: 760: 758: 757:ISO 3166 code 754: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 736: 732: 728: 722: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 697: 693: 690: 684: 680: 677: 671: 667: 664: 660: 654: 650: 647: 641: 637: 634: 628: 624: 621: 615: 612:18 April 1927 611: 605: 601: 598: 592: 588: 582: 578: 574: 570: 567: 564: 561: 555: 552: 549: 546: 540: 537: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 515: 509: 505: 501: 498: 492: 488: 484: 482: 478: 474: 471: 468: 462: 458: 454: 452: 451:Generalissimo 448: 444: 440: 436: 433: 427: 423: 419: 416: 410: 406: 402: 400: 396: 387: 384: 380: 374: 371: 368: 364: 359: 355: 352: 351: 349: 347: 343: 340: 337: 335: 331: 328: 325: 321: 318: 315: 311: 301: 298: 292: 289: 283: 280: 278: 272: 271: 267: 261: 258: 257: 255: 251: 246: 245: 239: 234: 227: 222: 213: 202: 201: 200:National seal 196: 169: 163: 152: 150: 124: 117: 106: 102: 96: 90: 82: 76: 68: 63: 58: 41: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 9456:Japan Portal 9446:China Portal 9367:People's war 8685:Soemu Toyoda 8680:Osami Nagano 8572:Wang Jingwei 8492:Nobuyuki Abe 8280:Marine Corps 8245:Armed Forces 8137:Participants 8059:Tanggu Truce 7911: 7900: 7869: 7846: 7698:715 Incident 7535: 7490: 7413: 7401: 7389: 7218:Superlatives 7203:Prostitution 7166:Architecture 6972:Demographics 6773:Central bank 6751:Floriculture 6648:Conscription 6526:Intelligence 6514:Human rights 6497:Constitution 6412:Superlatives 6407:Scenic areas 6292:White Terror 6045:Christianity 6035:Confucianism 5995:Urbanization 5931:Demographics 5907:Gang of Four 5872:Four Symbols 5771:Martial arts 5545:Prostitution 5432:Architecture 5286:Central bank 5154:Vice Premier 5106:United front 5035:Constitution 4991:Penal system 4969:Human rights 4906:Subdivisions 4744: / 4740: / 4663:Southwestern 4658:Northwestern 4361:Western Zhou 4309:Yellow River 4259:1949–present 4139: 4097: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4045: 4038: 4031: 4021: 4003: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3967: 3960: 3948: 3930: 3923: 3904: 3886: 3880: 3857: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3824: 3815: 3804: 3793: 3772: 3763: 3740: 3734: 3711: 3678: 3672: 3651: 3643: 3630: 3624: 3615: 3605: 3599: 3587:. 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9362:On Practice 8644:Ma Zhanshan 8629:Bai Chongxi 8597:Ren Yuandao 8577:Chen Gongbo 8502:Hideki Tojo 8456:Wang Ruofei 8147:Governments 7998:(1937–1945) 7662:Canton Coup 7361:tea culture 7326:Photography 7012:Waishengren 6746:Aquaculture 6741:Agriculture 6519:LGBT rights 6377:Hot springs 6363:Earthquakes 6297:Martial law 5811:Variety art 5806:Tea culture 5734:Calligraphy 5719:Archaeology 5579:Food safety 5374:Gold mining 5276:Aquaculture 5271:Agriculture 5231:Coast Guard 4998:Naming laws 4832:Environment 4820:South China 4299:Paleolithic 4291:Prehistoric 4249:before 1912 4134:(1912–1928) 3924:Sun Yat-Sen 3465:21 November 3416:15 February 3241:19 February 3199:19 February 3169:19 February 2994:15 December 2837:(1912–1928) 2179:1870-1930s 1554:During the 1476: [ 1365:became the 1259:(1915–28), 942:Yuan Shikai 930:Sun Yat-sen 773:Preceded by 748:(1946–1949) 708:20 May 1948 589:1 July 1925 560:Lower house 545:Upper house 532:Legislature 389:(1947–1948) 377:(1928–1947) 373:directorial 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2565:1932–1934 2493:1899–1902 2411:, Nanjing 2358:, Nanjing 2282:, Nanjing 2205:, Nanjing 2176:, Nanjing 1989:press-gang 1918:warlordism 1907:party rule 1895:Kuomintang 1865:Wade–Giles 1803:See also: 1724:Government 1717:Zhou Enlai 1712:Li Zongren 1697:After the 1616:, part of 1507:Yan Xishan 1456:See also: 1373:Kuomintang 1273:Kuomintang 1257:warlordism 1125:Wade–Giles 988:, and the 919:Kuomintang 663:Pescadores 500:Tan Yankai 418:Tan Yankai 346:Government 334:Demonym(s) 9314:Political 9153:Aftermath 8953:Incidents 8741:Campaigns 8461:Ren Bishi 8362:Air Force 8270:Air Force 8206:Mengjiang 8201:Manchukuo 7943:1950–1958 7882:1948–1949 7847:Beleaguer 7841:1945–1949 7831:1945–1947 7770:1937–1946 7750:1934–1936 7740:1933–1934 7730:1931–1934 7720:1930–1934 7668:1927–1949 7627:Post-1945 7470:campaigns 7251:Animation 7213:Squatting 7188:Education 7024:Languages 6780:Companies 6558:President 6509:Elections 6417:Volcanoes 6392:Mountains 6336:Overviews 6326:Geography 5959:Languages 5912:Four Olds 5867:Four arts 5754:Libraries 5684:Structure 5647:Sexuality 5584:incidents 5557:Education 5466:Transport 5342:Renewable 5337:Petroleum 5132:President 5099:Politburo 5052:Elections 5040:Democracy 5008:Terrorism 4756:Volcanoes 4738:Northeast 4716:Mountains 4626:Northeast 4576:Geography 4483:High Qing 4304:Neolithic 4276:Dynasties 4254:1912–1949 4245:Economic 4214:Overviews 3635:Chongqing 3510:146274415 3502:1469-8099 3215:Fung 2000 3164:146794107 2984:重編囯語辭典修訂本 2915:Citations 2679:Location 2149:Location 1974:as such: 1931:, in the 1622:Chongqing 1544:Hu Hanmin 1532:CC Clique 1503:Ma Hushan 1499:Fung 2000 1488:one-party 1484:Fung 2000 1410:in 1927. 1356:Guangzhou 1314:civil war 1225:East Asia 1000:of 1948. 962:reunified 602:1926–1928 517:Zhang Qun 375:republic 370:one-party 367:Tridemist 300:Chongqing 260:Guangzhou 65:1925–1948 9436:Category 9278:Military 7914:Incident 7912:Amethyst 7903:Incident 7872:incident 7623:Pre-1945 7560:Red Army 7391:Category 7346:T-Beauty 7331:Religion 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