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liable for death or injury from the weapons, saying it could not have conducted a proper search for weapons in another country. The plaintiffs had sought a combined 80 million yen from the
Japanese government. The court said the state was not obligated to conduct a search or to pay damages "because it cannot be said that the defendants could have prevented the outcome" of the death and injuries in the case, according to
528:, tens of thousands of Chinese spectators in attendance cheered for the German team and booed the Japanese team vehemently. Japan was defeated by Germany and knocked out of the tournament prematurely. The Japanese players later held up a banner to thank China ("Arigato 謝謝 (Xie Xie) China") at the end of the game while the audience applauded in response. The incident caused minor controversy in China over the
609:($ US 624) while also booing him and attacking promotional posters featuring him. Messi was later active in the match against Vissel Kobe on February 7, which caused people to believe that Messi was faking his injury to embarrass Hong Kong. Some fans in both Hong Kong and mainland China went as far as to accuse Messi of holding racist views against Chinese people in favor of Japanese people.
411:. After the condemnation around the world, Abe made a qualified apology, saying "I express my sympathy for the hardships they suffered and offer my apology for the situation they found themselves in." Abe told the legislature when pressed on what he would say to the aging survivors of the "comfort women" system: "As the prime minister, I am apologizing here" according to the
640:, the rioting crowd tried to take over a government building, demanding the Chinese government to declare war with Japan. There were multiple reports where people who were using Japanese products were attacked in the public. There was a report that a man in Hainan Province was stabbed to death for saying that Japan may win if a war between China and Japan broke out.
401:
present the government with a petition next week demanding a rewrite of the apology, which they considered a stain on Japan's national honor. Abe told reporters in his Tokyo office that he shared the belief that there was no direct proof of the military's involvement, stating: "The fact is, there is no evidence to prove there was coercion," he said according to
292:. Japan gave official development assistance (ODA), amounting to 3 trillion yen (US$ 30 billion). According to estimates, Japan accounts for more than 60 percent of China's ODA received. About 25 percent of the funding for all of China's infrastructure projects between 1994 and 1998 — including roads, railways, telecom systems and harbours — came from Japan.
371:(CWC), which came into effect in April 1997, and the Memorandum on the Destruction of Japanese Discarded Chemical Weapons in China, signed on 30 July 1999, required Japan to dispose of an estimated 700,000 abandoned chemical weapons (Japanese estimate). Japan was unable to complete the work on time and requested a five-year extension.
269:
softening some statements and removing others. That some popular media such as comics, books, movies, or documentaries depicting
Japanese wartime involvement in atrocities are withdrawn due to nationalist or popular sentiment further contributes to this image. As examples, critics point to the withdrawal of
400:
sparked a row over "comfort women." A group of about 120 lawmakers from Abe's governing party wanted the prime minister to revise the official apology. The lawmakers claimed there was no evidence to suggest the
Imperial Japanese Army was directly involved in coercing the women. They said they would
91:
poll, mainland
Chinese people hold the largest anti-Japanese sentiment in the world, with 75% of Chinese people viewing Japan's influence negatively, and 22% expressing a positive view. Anti-Japanese sentiment in China was at its highest in 2014 since the poll was first conducted in 2006 and was up
382:
upheld a lower court ruling and rejected compensation claims from four
Chinese people who were injured and one whose relative died from being exposed to chemical weapons abandoned by Imperial Japan in China at the end of the war. Presiding Judge Hiromitsu Okita said the Japanese government was not
374:
Chinese plaintiffs suing the
Japanese government over accidents caused by the unearthing of poison gas have had difficulty gaining satisfaction from Japanese courts. Forty-three people who were injured in a 2003 accident and five relatives of one who died have been unsuccessful in their claim for
268:
or important spirits, and the fact that the shrine openly states that the purpose of
Japanese military involvement in Asia was to bring prosperity and liberation to Asians. This is further exacerbated by attempts to whitewash Japan's role in the war in certain school history textbooks, such as by
508:, Japanese supporters were instructed by the local police not to use "banners, flags, musical instruments or wear team uniforms" and were asked to refrain from cheering. The flight to Beijing, the venue of the final match against China, was delayed for two hours due to Chinese protesters at
651:
Anti-Japanese sentiment can be seen in anti-Japanese war films produced and displayed in mainland China. More than 200 anti-Japanese films are made in China each year. In one situation involving a more moderate anti-Japanese war film, the government of China temporarily banned 2000's
407:. Abe said the government would cooperate with a study to be conducted by a group of Liberal Democratic party MPs who are skeptical of claims that thousands of Asian women were forced to work in Japanese military brothels before and during the Second World War according to
474:
led some
Chinese social media users to write in support of the attacker, although the posts were condemned and quickly removed. A Chinese woman who had intervened to stop the attacker later died from her wounds. In September 2024, on the anniversary of the
289:
670:. Summer Festival) events in mainland China were cancelled after protests broke out since 16 July 2022. Some people, reasoning that because natsumatsuri originates in Japan, claim that it should not be a festival celebrated in China. A scandal in the
208:. As a consequence of the war, China suffered 7 million to 16 million civilian deaths and 3 million military casualties. In addition, the war caused an estimated US$ 383.3 billion in damage and created 95 million refugees. Many major cities including
319:, the "No War" clause, is viewed with suspicion of possible re-militarization. Anti-Japanese sentiment in China is also highlighted by the branding of several prominent Taiwanese politicians (especially those who advocate for
447:
were organized by anti-Japanese elements in several cities across China. The
Internet, including instant messaging services, was used in organizing groups of demonstrators to take part in protests. Many were calling for a
884:
465:
There have been several reports that stores, restaurants, public institutions and hospitals in China refuse to serve
Japanese customers because Japan has not apologized for the invasion of China. In July 2024, a
295:
Japanese aid to China was rarely formally publicized to the Chinese people by the Chinese government, until Japan announced that aid was to be phased out. It was finally publicly acknowledged by Chinese premier
1494:
1583:
440:, also known as Diaoyu Islands in Mandarin, currently controlled by Japan, but claimed by both PRC and ROC, continue to be a sticking point and a symbolic focus of anti-Japanese sentiment in China.
1526:
2079:
240:
using Chinese civilians as test subjects, who were referred to as human 'logs' in the medical journals. Women from many Asian countries, including China and Korea, were made to serve as
1547:
771:
535:
The game was originally planned to be held on September 18, the anniversary of the Mukden Incident. Because of the sensitive nature of the date in China, it was held one day earlier.
1429:
1040:
359:
actually listed 10 regulations in English, the first being: "The Gardens are reserved for the Foreign Community", and the fourth being "Dogs and bicycles are not admitted".
910:
1131:
1242:
1110:
1749:
1476:
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76:
Bitterness in China persists over the Second Sino-Japanese War and Japan's post-war actions. This sentiment may also be at least to some extent influenced by
1891:
Mao, Lin (2024). "From Trade War to New Cold War: Popular Nationalism and the Global Times on Weibo under Xi Jinping". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).
452:. The result was an apology by the Japanese PM. Concern at anti-Japanese sentiment is believed to be behind the decision of Chinese censors to ban the film
1615:
892:
555:
on February 17. The attitude of Chinese fans had not improved despite police warnings before the game. After the match between the Japanese team and the
1516:
1292:
389:. There were at least 700,000 pieces of chemical weapons Japan buried in China with site information destroyed by Japanese military according to the
343:
2075:
1776:
763:
2023:
713:
421:
1637:
1388:
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Robert A. Bickers and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. "Shanghai's 'Dogs and Chinese Not Admitted' Sign: Legend, History and Contemporary Symbol."
2050:. Natsumatsuri events in more than 10 cities were cancelled! Bilibili has cancelled or postponed more than 60 related comic exhibitions)"
674:
in which some Imperial Japanese Army generals who were convicted war criminals were memorialized contributed to anti-Japanese sentiment.
115:
936:
1695:
1216:
1060:
137:
seized concessions in parts of the Chinese mainland and annexed Taiwan and Penghu from China, as well as removing the vassal states of
1410:
1262:
462:, often wrongly perceived as prostitutes in China, had caused considerable controversy among some elements of the Chinese population.
196:
that happened in Beijing became the pretext to the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Most reasons for anti-Japanese sentiment in
2135:
1278:
2053:
1351:
1326:
996:
1834:
393:. Such lawsuits have been filed before, but Japanese courts have rejected most claims filed by individual WWII war crime victims.
1674:
845:
633:
512:. After Japan defeated China 3–1 in the final, Chinese fans were enraged and the Japanese ambassador's car was severely damaged.
70:
1869:
1368:
1190:
1085:
605:. During the February 4 match in Hong Kong, Messi was not active due to an injury, which caused fans to demand refunds of 4,880
1722:
1033:
316:
958:
906:
643:
A 2023 study found that the boycotts of Japanese goods had a persistent adverse impact on Japanese automobile sales in China.
2145:
2116:
803:
544:
1135:
92:
16 percent over the previous year. However, anti-Japanese sentiment significantly decreased by 2018; a poll done in 2018 by
688:
432:
in the Imperial Japanese Army have further aroused Chinese sentiment. Japan's campaign to become a permanent member of the
390:
375:
1.43 billion yen (US$ 11.8 million; €9.1 million), as well as for medical costs and loss of income due to health problems.
443:
The buildup of anti-Japanese sentiment, aided by websites, had been noted by Western media in early 2005. In spring 2005,
1451:
1238:
1156:
1106:
2140:
1922:"Participation in Anti-Japanese Demonstrations in China: Evidence from a Survey on Three Elite Universities in Beijing"
1807:
1755:
868:
548:
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from planned publication and the censorship of scenes of the Nanjing Massacre from the Japanese theatrical release of
2004:
1904:
444:
352:
708:
625:
In 2006, the Chinese government censored what it viewed as excessive anti-Japanese sentiment online related to the
118:
which Ming China intervened on the side of Korea, there had been little serious conflicts between China and Japan.
698:
1605:
521:
505:
177:
363:
Issues from the Second World War continue to generate ill-feeling in China. One issue is Japanese disposal of
77:
45:
is often rooted in nationalist or historical conflict, for example the atrocities and war crimes committed by
1926:
980:
509:
565:
1296:
1274:
1005:
556:
497:
449:
150:
1347:
1786:
479:, a 10-year-old Japanese student was stabbed to death en route to a Japanese primary school in Shenzhen.
368:
933:"MOFA: Joint Communique of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China"
454:
275:
193:
145:
from China's sphere of influence and later annexing them. Dissatisfaction with the settlement and the
683:
671:
467:
2150:
1578:
1239:"Chinese victims of Japanese chemical weapon sue Japan's government - International Herald Tribune"
1132:"JURIST - Paper Chase: Japan court refuses to award damages in WWII-era chemical weapons leak case"
733:
693:
201:
126:
66:
2108:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949
795:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949
1896:
632:
In 2012, the Japanese government decided to purchase the Senkaku Islands from a Japanese family.
626:
81:
50:
38:
2031:
1385:
654:
320:
229:
829:
793:
1318:
351:
restaurant reads "Japanese and dogs are forbidden here." The phrase alludes to a sign in the
58:
1701:
1212:
1056:
932:
420:
Continued visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine, and the recent approval of
1182:
8:
1521:
993:
728:
718:
594:
582:
529:
433:
324:
261:
30:
2013. The Chinese reads "Japanese people not allowed to enter, disobey at your own risk."
2045:
1844:
1728:
1945:
1610:
658:, partly because it depicted a Japanese soldier being friendly with Chinese villagers.
233:
146:
96:
showed that 42.2% of Chinese people looked positively to Japan, up from 31.5% in 2017.
1866:"Lionel Messi: Chinese fury as superstar plays in Japan after missing Hong Kong match"
1664:
256:
There is deep resentment over the veneration of Imperial Japanese war veterans in the
2112:
1986:
1949:
1900:
1865:
1486:
1481:
1477:"Knife attack on Japanese mother and child in China triggers anti-foreigner feelings"
1421:
1396:
1365:
1081:
974:
799:
413:
403:
122:
88:
62:
504:
at matches against several countries, including China. Except for the match against
1976:
1935:
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703:
606:
379:
281:
237:
221:
617:
2106:
1963:
Weiss, Jessica Chen; Barwick, Panle Jia; Li, Shanjun; Wallace, Jeremy L. (2024).
1548:"Chinese woman killed stopping school bus attack honoured for 'selfless heroism'"
1392:
1372:
1044:
1000:
723:
476:
437:
364:
257:
173:
134:
54:
1517:"Netizens Reflect on Anti-Japanese Propaganda After Stabbing at School Bus Stop"
355:
which allegedly said "Chinese and dogs are forbidden here." However the sign in
18:
1782:
1642:
855:
493:
138:
46:
1813:
1263:
ZNet |Japan | Japan's Top Court Poised to Kill Lawsuits by Chinese War Victims
1160:
547:, Chinese fans booed the Japanese anthem again in Japan's first match against
2129:
1990:
1490:
1425:
1416:
560:
304:
245:
157:
1021:
Awakening China: Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution
578:
356:
205:
130:
111:
1574:"Child from Japanese school stabbed in China on sensitive 918 anniversary"
1213:"MOFA: Budget for the Destruction of Abandoned Chemical Weapons in China"
907:"Joseph Chapel, "Denial of the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking" (2004)"
602:
586:
385:
332:
241:
2076:"Nanjing punishes officials for temple honouring Japanese war criminals"
1981:
1964:
1940:
1921:
1840:
850:
589:
embarked on a global preseason tour in 2024, which included matches in
501:
429:
397:
297:
270:
161:
93:
1965:"Commercial Casualties: Political Boycotts and International Disputes"
994:
Letter from China: Wen reveals himself as a new kind of Chinese leader
315:
are attempting to contain China. Japan's more recent debate to revise
220:
were occupied in 1937 by the Japanese. Notable incidents included the
590:
552:
458:
on February 1, 2006. The fact that Chinese actresses played Japanese
348:
185:
181:
1669:
1057:"Budget for the Destruction of Abandoned Chemical Weapons in China"
959:"Asia Times Online - News from greater China; Hong Kong and Taiwan"
637:
525:
425:
225:
213:
167:
1157:"Japan's Top Court Poised to Kill Lawsuits by Chinese War Victims"
1082:"WWII Japanese Chemical Weapons in China Explained: An Interview"
738:
328:
217:
209:
23:
764:"Poll Shows Over 40% of Chinese Have a Favorable View of Japan"
743:
471:
459:
312:
142:
27:
1606:"10-Year-Old Student Is Stabbed Near Japanese School in China"
598:
482:
308:
197:
106:
42:
2005:"Special Report: Why China's film makers love to hate Japan"
367:
left in China by Japanese troops at the end of the war. The
125:, Japan became a modern power and attempted to expand their
265:
189:
1411:"China takes a step to curb anti-Japanese rhetoric online"
577:
Following the signing of legendary Argentine footballer
559:
on February 20, a small group of Chinese fans burnt the
436:
has met with stiff opposition among Chinese people. The
1727:(in Chinese). Observe China. 2007-09-19. Archived from
1700:(in Japanese). Daily Sports. 2007-09-21. Archived from
572:
563:
and booed the Japanese team with the derogatory term,
1962:
288:
China refused war reparations from Japan in the 1972
244:
in military brothels (and were often referred to as "
1295:. Japan.shadowofiris.com. 2007-03-07. Archived from
1275:"WWII sex slavery issue revived - Los Angeles Times"
149:
by the Imperial Japanese government led to a severe
1293:"Abe misquoted? Probably not. | anarchy japan"
791:
532:and anti-Japanese sentiment displayed at the game.
1604:Wang, Vivian; Notoya, Kiuko (September 18, 2024).
1409:
1183:"Japan off hook for China gas weapons ills: court"
303:There is a perception among some Chinese that the
184:came under Japanese control. A puppet state named
37:is an issue with modern roots (post-1868). Modern
1638:"Japanese Schoolboy in China Dies After Stabbing"
1134:. Jurist.law.pitt.edu. 2007-03-13. Archived from
2127:
1812:(in Chinese). 重庆市公安局. 2008-02-05. Archived from
1754:(in Japanese). 中国情報局. 2007-09-18. Archived from
961:. Archived from the original on 11 February 2004
840:
798:. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 130.
168:Effects of Interwar period wars and World War II
1452:"China Grapples with Nationalism, and Fuels It"
636:, and Japanese-owned business were smashed. In
621:Chinese anti-Japan protest in Hong Kong in 2012
2021:
1107:"Search - Global Edition - The New York Times"
646:
515:
1348:"A qualified Abe apology - Los Angeles Times"
1109:. International Herald Tribune. 2009-03-29.
714:Anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States
634:Riots broke out in most Chinese major cities
176:in 1931, which was used as pretext for the
104:Throughout Chinese history, except for the
1603:
1572:Chen, Meredith; Zhou, Laura (2024-09-18).
1018:
612:
483:Anti-Japanese sentiment at sporting events
2078:. South China Morning Post. 22 Jul 2022.
2046:"10余地宣布取消夏日祭！B站已关闭、延期漫展超60个 (in Chinese,
1980:
1939:
1913:
1023:. Stanford University Press. p. 120.
110:raids (Japanese pirates) during the late
1919:
1893:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment
1571:
1449:
1354:from the original on September 27, 2015.
1319:"Japan to study wartime 'comfort women'"
1281:from the original on September 27, 2015.
785:
616:
342:
17:
2105:Forbes, Andrew D. W. (9 October 1986).
1618:from the original on September 19, 2024
1316:
1027:
396:In March 2007, Japanese Prime Minister
2128:
2104:
825:
496:held in China, Chinese fans booed the
338:
204:, which was also the first theatre of
1474:
487:
424:that downplays the Nanjing Massacre,
300:during his April 2007 trip to Japan.
2015:
1884:
1514:
882:
661:
573:Lionel Messi Inter Miami controversy
391:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
188:was set up with the deposed emperor
1890:
192:as the head of state. In 1937, the
13:
1872:from the original on 13 April 2024
1665:"Chinese riot after Japan victory"
939:from the original on 9 August 2020
99:
14:
2162:
2082:from the original on 28 June 2024
2056:from the original on 28 July 2022
1920:Zhou, Min; Wang, Hanning (2016).
1778:４年前の教訓生かされず、日朝戦でブーイング サッカー東アジア選手権
1219:from the original on 25 June 2008
1193:from the original on 30 June 2012
913:from the original on 3 March 2016
353:Shanghai International Settlement
251:
2136:Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
1724:被民族主义狼奶毒化的中国愤青 刘晓波 日本女足展开横幅向中国致谢
709:Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea
689:History of China–Japan relations
538:
468:knife attack on a Japanese woman
35:Anti-Japanese sentiment in China
2068:
2038:
2024:"Why China Loves to Hate Japan"
1997:
1956:
1858:
1836:日の丸燃やし、敗戦悔しがる＝騒乱防止へ３０００人動員－中国当局
1827:
1800:
1769:
1742:
1715:
1688:
1677:from the original on 2019-05-26
1657:
1630:
1597:
1586:from the original on 2024-09-18
1565:
1540:
1529:from the original on 2024-06-28
1508:
1497:from the original on 2024-06-28
1468:
1443:
1432:from the original on 2024-07-04
1402:
1378:
1358:
1340:
1329:from the original on 2024-06-28
1310:
1285:
1267:
1256:
1245:from the original on 2008-02-26
1231:
1205:
1175:
1149:
1124:
1113:from the original on 2008-02-26
1099:
1088:from the original on 2016-03-03
1074:
1063:from the original on 2008-06-25
1049:
1012:
987:
774:from the original on 2020-11-17
699:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan
520:At the last game of Group A of
164:) had anti-Japanese sentiment.
129:, including China. In the late
1515:Boyd, Alexander (2024-06-26).
1317:McCurry, Justin (2007-03-08).
951:
925:
899:
876:
862:
834:
819:
756:
248:") under Japanese occupation.
200:can be directly traced to the
178:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
71:history textbook controversies
1:
2022:Matthew Forney (2005-12-10).
1969:Journal of East Asian Studies
1927:Journal of East Asian Studies
1475:Zhang, Lim Min (2024-06-26).
1450:Colville, Alex (2024-07-02).
749:
510:Beijing International Airport
2146:Japanese war crimes in China
1843:. 2008-02-20. Archived from
1785:. 2008-02-17. Archived from
1006:International Herald Tribune
792:Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986).
450:boycott of Japanese products
445:anti-Japanese demonstrations
151:boycott of Japanese products
7:
2052:. Weilaiwang. 27 Jul 2022.
677:
647:Anti-Japanese film industry
522:2007 FIFA Women's World Cup
516:2007 FIFA Women's World Cup
369:Chemical Weapons Convention
116:Japanese invasions of Korea
10:
2167:
2098:
500:during the playing of the
264:are enshrined, treated as
194:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
1019:Fitzgerald, John (1998).
979:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
846:"The real 'China threat'"
1835:
1808:
1777:
1751:サッカー女子Ｗ杯日独戦、満州事変の日はずして実施
1750:
1723:
1696:
1579:South China Morning Post
1552:South China Morning Post
1375:” (南方都市报, July 15, 2005)
891:. London. Archived from
734:Japanese colonial empire
694:Japanese people in China
569:(小日本, "puny Japanese").
502:Japanese national anthem
228:, a medical unit of the
202:Second Sino-Japanese War
67:Second Sino-Japanese War
22:Anti-Japanese banner in
1897:Leiden University Press
1003:, By Howard W. French,
627:Senkaku Islands dispute
613:Senkaku Islands dispute
378:On March 13, 2007, the
82:Chinese people in Japan
51:First Sino-Japanese War
39:anti-Japanese sentiment
1809:市局部署2008年东亚足球锦标赛决赛安保工作
1038:no. 142 (1995): 444-66
655:Devils on the Doorstep
622:
561:Japanese national flag
360:
331:(traitors) by Chinese
321:Taiwanese independence
230:Imperial Japanese Army
31:
2141:China–Japan relations
2034:on December 14, 2005.
1366:海南一医院挂牌称“日本人拒不认罪禁止入内"
1163:on September 30, 2007
684:China–Japan relations
620:
557:Chinese national team
346:
59:Eight-Nation Alliance
21:
260:, where a number of
121:However, due to the
87:According to a 2017
1982:10.1017/jea.2023.19
1941:10.1017/jea.2016.21
1868:. 8 February 2024.
1522:China Digital Times
1456:China Media Project
1399:日本語版, May 23, 2002)
1386:深センのバーで 「日本人の入店お断り」
889:The Daily Telegraph
873:. Chalmers Johnson.
870:The Looting of Asia
729:Japanese war crimes
719:Chinese nationalism
666:Natsumatsuri (夏祭り,
595:Hong Kong League XI
583:Major League Soccer
530:Chinese nationalism
455:Memoirs of a Geisha
434:UN Security Council
339:Contemporary issues
276:The Rape of Nanking
1611:The New York Times
1391:2007-12-22 at the
1371:2005-07-25 at the
1043:2012-03-26 at the
999:2007-04-27 at the
895:on March 25, 2007.
883:Haldenby, Andrew.
844:(March 19, 2005).
623:
488:2004 AFC Asian Cup
428:, and the role of
361:
160:(Chinese Muslims,
153:in China in 1915.
147:Twenty-One Demands
32:
2118:978-0-521-25514-1
1697:なでしこ日本「謝謝」に中国で大論争
1482:The Straits Times
805:978-0-521-25514-1
662:Anti-Natsumatsuri
470:and her child in
414:Los Angeles Times
123:Meiji Restoration
89:BBC World Service
63:Siege of Tsingtao
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2091:
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2087:
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2030:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1960:
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1953:
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1911:
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1420:. July 4, 2024.
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1224:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1159:. Archived from
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1084:. China.org.cn.
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1036:China Quarterly,
1031:
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1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:, April 19, 2007
991:
985:
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929:
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918:
903:
897:
896:
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874:
866:
860:
859:
854:. Archived from
842:Chalmers Johnson
838:
832:
823:
817:
816:
814:
812:
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
760:
704:Anti-Japaneseism
380:Tokyo High Court
365:chemical weapons
290:Joint Communiqué
282:The Last Emperor
238:chemical warfare
224:. In Manchuria,
222:Nanjing Massacre
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2151:Empire of Japan
2126:
2125:
2119:
2111:. CUP Archive.
2101:
2096:
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2083:
2074:
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2016:
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1918:
1914:
1907:
1889:
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1839:(in Japanese).
1837:
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1781:(in Japanese).
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1393:Wayback Machine
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786:
777:
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757:
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724:Racism in China
680:
672:Xuanzang Temple
664:
649:
615:
575:
541:
518:
490:
485:
477:Mukden incident
438:Senkaku Islands
341:
323:) as "Japanese
258:Yasukuni Shrine
254:
174:Mukden Incident
170:
102:
100:Earlier history
55:Boxer Rebellion
12:
11:
5:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2100:
2097:
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2093:
2067:
2037:
2014:
1996:
1975:(3): 387–410.
1955:
1934:(3): 391–413.
1912:
1905:
1883:
1857:
1826:
1799:
1783:Sankei Shimbun
1768:
1741:
1714:
1687:
1673:. 2004-08-07.
1656:
1643:Bloomberg News
1629:
1596:
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1026:
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986:
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924:
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875:
861:
858:on 2011-07-13.
833:
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770:. 2018-11-08.
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494:2004 Asian Cup
489:
486:
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253:
252:Postwar issues
250:
169:
166:
139:Ryukyu Kingdom
127:empire in Asia
101:
98:
47:Imperial Japan
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2041:
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2018:
2011:. 2013-05-25.
2010:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
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1916:
1908:
1906:9789087284411
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1898:
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1847:on 2014-12-11
1846:
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1816:on 2008-02-07
1815:
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1789:on 2008-02-20
1788:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1758:on 2014-12-11
1757:
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1731:on 2007-10-14
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1704:on 2007-12-21
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1417:The Economist
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1299:on 2009-05-19
1298:
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1138:on 2012-02-25
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826:Forbes (1986)
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545:2008 WAFF Cup
539:2008 EAFF Cup
536:
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498:Japanese team
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299:
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272:
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263:
262:war criminals
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247:
246:comfort women
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232:, researched
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325:running dogs
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603:Vissel Kobe
587:Inter Miami
549:North Korea
543:During the
492:During the
386:Japan Times
333:state media
242:prostitutes
80:related to
2130:Categories
1851:2008-02-20
1841:Jiji Press
1820:2008-02-18
1793:2008-02-18
1762:2007-09-24
1735:2007-09-24
1708:2007-09-24
1681:2024-09-18
1650:2024-09-19
1590:2024-09-18
1558:2024-07-02
1533:2024-06-27
1501:2024-06-27
1461:2024-07-06
1436:2024-07-04
1333:2010-04-25
1325:. London.
1303:2012-05-29
1249:2007-04-16
1142:2012-05-29
1117:2012-05-29
1092:2012-05-29
1067:2012-05-29
851:Asia Times
828:, p.
778:2020-01-31
768:nippon.com
750:References
566:xiǎo Rìběn
430:sex slaves
422:a textbook
398:Shinzo Abe
298:Wen Jiabao
271:Iris Chang
234:biological
172:After the
162:Hui people
94:Genron NPO
1991:1598-2408
1950:157538957
1491:0585-3923
1426:0013-0613
885:"Article"
591:Hong Kong
553:Chongqing
349:Guangzhou
317:Article 9
186:Manchukuo
182:Manchuria
2080:Archived
2054:Archived
1870:Archived
1675:Archived
1670:BBC News
1616:Archived
1584:Archived
1527:Archived
1495:Archived
1430:Archived
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1167:July 12,
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1059:. MOFA.
1041:Archived
997:Archived
975:cite web
965:28 March
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937:Archived
917:28 March
911:Archived
772:Archived
678:See also
638:Shenzhen
601:against
526:Hangzhou
524:held in
426:Unit 731
409:Guardian
404:LA Times
226:Unit 731
214:Shanghai
114:and the
2099:Sources
2009:Reuters
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739:Hanjian
506:Bahrain
329:hanjian
218:Beijing
210:Nanjing
158:Tungans
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599:Tokyo
585:side
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198:China
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2113:ISBN
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2062:2022
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967:2016
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813:2010
800:ISBN
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