223:
355:
47:
338:, the British High Commissioner was instructed not to go beyond "friendly remonstrances" with the Boers over the matter. The British did not want to risk their relationship with the Boers by appearing to side with Sechele. Moreover, British interests lay in consolidating their own position in the area, rather than protecting the African inhabitants from the Boers. Sechele set out for England with the intention of seeking the protection of
289:
to his own and other people. Whereas most
African converts simply assumed the ideas of European Christianity, Sechele went back to the original source, the Bible, and tried to work out a more African kind of Christianity. There is still controversy over the effects of this, and traditional missionaries of the time described him as, "half Christian, half heathen".
288:
Sechele seems to have been a deep, independent thinker. He was powerfully committed to Jesus Christ (rather than
European Christianity), such that he made this commitment at a time when it was politically and personally inconvenient to do so and, after Livingstone left him, he continued as missionary
284:
During the time of their association, Livingstone urged
Sechele to make peace with the uncle who ruled the other half of the Kwêna. Sechele sent his uncle a gift of gunpowder. The uncle was suspicious of the gift and set fire to it. His death in the resulting explosion enabled Sechele to reunite the
363:
Sechele had a profound knowledge of the Bible and a commitment to spreading
Christianity. He began with his own people, teaching them to read and introducing them to the Bible. He also travelled many hundreds of miles to evangelise other African peoples. When Moffat led a group of missionaries into
322:
people who were slaves of the Boers escaped and fled to the Kwêna for protection. The Boers destroyed the
Kolobeng mission and attacked the Kwêna at Dimawe, where they encountered the combined Batswana tribes of Bakwêna, Bahurutshe, Balete and Batlokwa. Before the attack there was an attempt by the
280:
After the divorces and
Sechele's baptism, one of his ex-wives became pregnant by him. He also killed a European, apparently for judicial reasons. As a result, Livingstone denounced him as a Christian. This was despite Sechele's repentance and protestations of faith. Sechele told Livingstone, "I
188:
among his own and other
African peoples. According to Livingstone biographer Stephen Tomkins, Sechele was Livingstone's only African convert to Christianity, even though Livingstone himself came to regard Sechele as a "backslider". Sechele led a coalition of Batswana (Bakwêna, Bakaa, Balete,
273:. He fell into conflict with the Livingstone over his marriage to five women. At first Livingstone was inclined to be relaxed about it but feeling under pressure from other missionaries, he demanded divorce of four of the five. Sechele did so. As there were no further impediments, he was
380:. Missionaries complained that he used his great knowledge of the scriptures to defend his own actions. Neil Parsons, of the University of Botswana, stated that Sechele "did more to propagate Christianity in nineteenth-century southern Africa than virtually any single European missionary".
249:
Sechele was eager to learn to read and write and was an adept student, learning the letters of the alphabet in two days. He became so keen on learning that he rose early and breakfasted before dawn. Once he had mastered reading, he taught his wives to read. The only book available in the
358:
Christian herald and signs of our times (1886) The Late Rev. W. E. Boardman, Sechele, Chief of the
Bechuanas, in State Attire. that, without employing the highest arguments at his disposal, the believer is able to defend his position against the assaults of the
372:
people held
Christian prayers. Moffat's mission had little success as an outbreak of lung disease among the missionaries' oxen resulted in fear of the white missionaries. Officially, there were no converts among the Ndebele until the 1880s.
205:
of what is modern-day
Botswana. When Sechele was ten years old, his father was killed and the leadership of the tribe was divided between his two uncles. Sechele and some of his supporters fled into the desert. He spent some years among the
323:
Batswana to protect the women and children by sending them into hiding, but according to Livingstone, many were taken prisoner by the Boers. Under the leadership of Sechele, Khama of Bangwato, and
307:, in Livingstone's case because he was believed to have supplied rifles and ammunition to the Kwêna. Because Sechele and the Kwêna lived on the route to Central Africa, between the
383:
Under his leadership, his region became a refuge to other people fleeing persecution, and the numbers that he ruled exceeded 30,000 at the time of his death in 1892.
334:
both complained about the Boers' actions to the Colonial Secretary in London. But because the British were at that time negotiating with the Boers over the
734:
235:
929:
880:
319:
211:
152:
651:
784:
242:. The establishment of missions was sometimes encouraged by local rulers because the missionaries gave them access to guns and
414:
441:
401:
890:
269:
Sechele experienced several conflicts between local custom and Christianity. He had to give up his role as the local
214:, a daughter of Chief Kgari. In about 1831 he succeeded in replacing one of his uncles as ruler of half the baKwêna.
869:
825:
528:
495:
222:
817:
615:
485:
354:
722:
605:
376:
After the departure of Livingstone, Sechele returned to some of his local customs, including rainmaking and
924:
403:
An Eloquent Picture Gallery: The South African Portrait Photographs of Gustav Theodor Fritsch, 1863-1865
934:
259:
331:
369:
17:
842:
520:
308:
919:
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335:
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515:
King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes
8:
647:
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886:
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of Bangwaketse, the Boers were defeated by a combination of strategy and fire power.
181:
298:
239:
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251:
246:, which gave them an advantage over neighbouring tribes lacking such technology.
577:
339:
207:
56:
46:
903:
460:
202:
127:
365:
258:. He later sent five of his children to be educated by another missionary,
177:
770:"Explaining Botswana's Success: The Critical Role of Post-Colonial Policy"
315:, Sechele was perceived by the Boers as a danger to their western border.
169:
109:
368:
in 1859, he discovered that Sechele had preceded him and that the local
270:
185:
95:
60:
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shall never give up Jesus. You and I will stand before him together".
674:
343:
324:
243:
201:
Sechele was born in 1812, the son of the chief of the Kwêna tribe of
377:
312:
173:
148:
137:
75:
490:. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press. p. 117.
274:
263:
231:
52:
578:"The African chief converted to Christianity by Dr Livingstone"
730:
255:
105:
679:
THe Bible in Africa: Transactions, Trajectories, and Trends
304:
582:
409:. Auckland Park, South Africa: Jacana Media. p. 98.
303:
Missionaries such as Livingstone were unpopular with the
519:. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. pp.
234:. He and his people accompanied the missionary to the
648:"Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa"
442:"An archaeological survey of Ntsweng in Molepolole"
435:
433:
342:, but his resources ran out by the time he reached
27:
Kgosi of the Bakwena of Bechuanaland (r. 1831–1892)
811:
512:
901:
812:Lipschutz, Mark R.; Rasmussen, R. Kent (1989) .
673:Article by Fideles Nkomazana in Gerald O. West,
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400:Dietrich, Keith; Bank, Andrew, eds. (2008).
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859:
684:
645:
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814:Dictionary of African Historical Biography
723:"How the Battle of Dimawe shaped Botswana"
636:
487:Dictionary of African Historical Biography
45:
540:
483:
449:Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies
230:In 1847 Sechele met David Livingstone at
843:Zimbabwe Ndebele people and Christianity
767:
720:
667:
353:
221:
882:David Livingstone: The Unexplored Story
878:
697:David Livingstone, The Unexplored Story
646:Livingstone, David (11 February 2006).
603:
575:
510:
14:
902:
763:
761:
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455:(1). Educational Book Service: 23–45.
86:September 1892 (aged 81–82)
930:Converts to Christianity from animism
716:
714:
184:and in his role as ruler served as a
162:Sechele I a Motswasele "Rra Mokonopi"
610:. Methuen & Co Ltd. p. 33.
758:
624:
607:Botswana, a short Political History
292:
24:
853:
711:
576:Tomkins, Stephen (19 March 2013).
262:(Livingstone's father-in-law), at
25:
946:
790:from the original on 16 June 2012
737:from the original on 4 March 2016
721:Legodimo, Chippa (22 June 2012).
597:
164:(1812–1892), also known as
768:Beaulier, Scott A. (Fall 2003).
654:from the original on 19 May 2007
862:Encyclopedia of African History
834:
749:
702:
818:University of California Press
13:
1:
238:where Livingstone set up the
196:
7:
860:Shillington, Kevin (2005).
484:Lipschutz, Mark R. (1989).
226:Mission house in Molopolole
10:
951:
846:, (retrieved 5 April 2013)
783:(2). Cato Institute: 229.
349:
296:
218:Conversion to Christianity
59:at Ntsweng (nowadays, Old
879:Tomkins, Stephen (2013).
695:Tomkins, Stephen (2013).
604:Sillery, Anthony (1974).
332:London Missionary Society
143:
133:
123:
115:
101:
90:
82:
68:
44:
39:
32:
816:. Berkeley, California:
386:
168:, was the ruler of the
511:Parsons, Neil (1998).
360:
252:language of the Tswana
227:
176:. He was converted to
535:sebele botswana 1892.
440:Sekgarametso (2001).
357:
336:Sand River Convention
225:
675:Musa W. Dube Shomaha
925:Botswana Christians
318:In 1852 a group of
210:people and married
147:Three sons: Kgari,
94:Tribal Cemetery at
840:Bulawayo History,
727:Arts & Culture
708:Sillery, pp. 27-28
361:
228:
51:Portrait taken by
935:David Livingstone
416:978-1-77009-641-7
189:Batlokwa) in the
182:David Livingstone
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119:1831 – 1892
16:(Redirected from
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299:Battle of Dimawe
293:Battle of Dimawe
240:Kolobeng Mission
191:Battle of Dimawe
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854:Further reading
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55:anthropologist
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885:. Lion Books.
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910:1810s births
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792:. Retrieved
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777:Cato Journal
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739:. Retrieved
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587:. Retrieved
583:BBC Magazine
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366:Matabeleland
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178:Christianity
165:
161:
160:
915:1892 deaths
664:(Chapter 6)
124:Predecessor
904:Categories
650:(Memoir).
617:0416756506
320:Bahurutshe
197:Early life
186:missionary
172:people of
96:Molepolole
72:Circa 1812
63:) in 1865.
61:Molepolole
461:0256-2316
344:Cape Town
325:Bathoen I
309:Transvaal
277:in 1848.
271:rainmaker
244:gunpowder
212:Mokgokong
193:in 1852.
134:Successor
34:Sechele I
794:19 March
785:Archived
741:19 March
735:Archived
658:19 March
652:Archived
589:19 March
466:22 March
422:21 March
378:polygamy
313:Shoshong
275:baptised
254:was the
174:Botswana
166:Setshele
153:Tumagole
144:Children
138:Sebele I
76:Botswana
677:(2000)
370:Ndebele
350:Mission
285:tribe.
264:Kuruman
232:Tshwane
110:Bakwena
108:of the
40:Sechele
18:Sechele
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614:
527:
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208:Ngwato
149:Sebele
53:German
788:(PDF)
773:(PDF)
731:Mmegi
523:–42.
445:(PDF)
407:(PDF)
387:Notes
305:Boers
256:Bible
170:Kwêna
106:Kgosi
102:Title
887:ISBN
866:ISBN
822:ISBN
796:2013
743:2013
660:2012
612:ISBN
591:2013
525:ISBN
492:ISBN
468:2013
457:ISSN
424:2013
411:ISBN
359:foe.
311:and
151:and
116:Term
83:Died
69:Born
180:by
906::
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