790:
1136:
1744:
366:
436:. Gold and fine silver coins now had the same sizes and compositions in Scotland and England, but Scotland did maintain its own copper coinage. The Scottish and English coinages both used the same royal title, king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, and when they specified a denomination it was a Roman numeral which could be interpreted as Scottish shillings or English pence. The designs in the two kingdoms had only minor differences. In the North, coins used the
282:
69:
1122:
650:"That, from and after the Union, the coin shall be of the same standard and value throughout the United Kingdom as now in England, and a Mint shell be continued in Scotland under the same rules as the Mint in England ; and the present officers of the Mint continued subject to such regulations and alterations as Her Majestie, her heirs or successors, or the Parliament of Great Britain shall think fit."
339:. He struck silver pennies, which were similar to those Stephen struck for England, at Carlisle, Edinburgh, St Andrews, Roxburgh and Berwick. For the next two centuries, the continued use of a profile, as opposed to the facing portrait, was about all that distinguished Scottish coins from their English counterparts. In particular, the reverse types of Scottish coins followed the English
464:
419:
At the end of the 16th century King James VI called in all silver coins, totally 211 stone and 10 pounds, and these were melted down to create new coins with his image, hugely reducing the surviving coins predating this point. At this point copper pennies were first minted, valued at one twelfth of a
171:
most likely buried or abandoned in either Roman or native pots. Indicating the Roman governor of
Britain paid large sums of money to the inhabitants of southern Scotland and possibly bribing the northern Caledonians to maintain peaceful relations with Romans and the British. Payments to chieftains
391:
continued to devalue
Scottish coins, making them worth one-half of their English counterparts by 1392. He also replaced the profile bust on the obverse of Scottish coins with a facing head, which made his coins much easier to confuse with the more valuable English issues. David II's attempt to
663:
Although the
Edinburgh Mint retained its permanent officials (though not other staff) for a further hundred years, until 1814, minting ceased a mere two years after Union, despite several subsequent proposals to restart production. The mint itself was finally abolished in 1817 and sold in 1830.
111:
was also regarded as a means to regulate social traffic and trade north, rather than a military defence against the northern tribes of the
Caledoni. Civil settlements arose along south of the wall with shops and taverns that facilitated trade between the Empire and the north. It is possible to
412:. This was one of a long series of coin types which characterized continuing changes in standard and revaluations of Scottish coinage. Ordinances required Scots to turn in their old coins in exchange for new issues struck to a lower standard, thereby providing a profit to the king.
585:(12 Troy ounces to the pound), rather than the traditional Scots weights (16 Troy ounces to the pound). Coins were minted in both London and Edinburgh, the latter inscribed with the letter 'E' under the bust of the monarch to permit them to be distinguished. Under the supervision of
589:
from the Tower Mint in London, a weight of 103,346 Troy pounds in crowns, half-crowns, shillings, and sixpences were minted at the
Edinburgh Mint with a value of Β£320,372 12s, equivalent to US$ 20.5 million (Β£17.1 million) at 2017 average silver prices and exchange rates.
44:
was unique, and minted locally. A wide variety of coins, such as the plack, bodle, bawbee, dollar and ryal were produced over that time. For trading purposes coins of
Northumbria and various other places had been used before that time; and since 1709 those of the
580:
Despite fluctuations in the exchange rate since 1603, and a 1697 proclamation setting the ratio at 13:1, a 12:1 ratio (one shilling Scots to one penny sterling) was applied to the recoinage, although compensation was paid. The new coinage was made using
687:
The transition from
Scottish coinage to English did not occur overnight. Scottish coinage was still in circulation in the later 18th century, but the changeover was made a little easier due to common currency in the nomenclature.
407:
English influence of
Scottish coinage gave way to Burgundian models, with both his gold rider and silver plack. He is best remembered, however, for the realistic portraits on his silver groat. James III also introduced the gold
620:
on 6 October 1707. Pre-Union 40-, 20- and 10-shilling coins ceased to be legal tender on 10 February 1708, but were temporarily put back into circulation before finally ceasing to be legal tender on June 1, along with coins of
440:, decorated by a fleur-de-lis in the center between two crosses, as opposed the English crown, where the placements of the lis and crosses were reversed. Beginning in 1610, Scottish coins also used the
506:. The English Civil war ended this coinage in 1642. During the war, Scotland struck a few copper coins but after the war the Edinburgh mint closed and Scotland used the regular coins of the
2911:
820:, many of the Scottish denominations bore the same names as those in England, but were of slightly different values. The dates, and first kings to issue them are included:
432:, the Council ordered Scotland to use the same coinage standards as England. A new gold coin, called a Unit in Scotland or Unite in England, was valued at Β£12 Scots or Β£1
103:, developed trade to the general benefit of the population, to the north of the Wall. Roman coins appear over a wide range across the country, especially sites near the
634:
The last batch of new coins, consisting of silver shillings and half-crowns were delivered on 5 October 1709, and were to be the last coins to be minted in
Scotland.
953:
Farthing or quarter-penny β These were originally quarters of pennies, but as with
Halfpennies, became coins in their own right in c.1280. Later made of copper.
533:
reverted to silver coins with denominations in shillings, now with the weights adjusted to reflect an exchange rate of 13 shillings Scots to 1 shilling sterling.
525:. At this time, the Scottish one merk coin was similar to an English shilling, but it was valued at 13s 4d Scots. In 1677, Charles II introduced a copper
387:
ended the parity between Scottish and English coins, resulting in an English proclamation banning the lower quality Scottish coins from their country in 1356.
1815:
1244:
934:
173:
529:, valued at 6 pence Scots, with a crowned thistle on the reverse in place of the figure of Britannia on the copper coins he struck in England.
2616:
392:
introduce gold coins to Scotland by copying the English noble was a failure but Robert III successfully introduced the gold lion, which showed
208:
coins of the Northumbrian Kings circulated freely in what is now Scotland. This coin was issued from 837β854. Anglo-Saxon coins were minted in
340:
2278:
1705:
50:
2906:
2369:
498:
master of the Scottish Mint at Edinburgh. With his Scottish son-in-law, Sir John Falconer, Briot replaced Scotland's gold and silver
1872:
950:
Halfpennies β Initially literally half of a penny, these became minted coins in their own right in c.1280. Later made of copper.
343:
designs. Moreover, Scottish coins followed English weight standards, allowing the two coinages to circulate alongside one another.
2754:
740:), but no coinage. Scotland is the only part of the UK where one pound notes are still in usage (although they can be found in the
139:
dating to the 4th century until recently was thought to be beyond the sphere of known trade routes. Other native sites include the
2249:
1677:
2379:
2130:
817:
3023:
2293:
2103:
1976:
1295:
416:
alone had eight issues of coins before he unified the thrones, and to a large extent the coinages, of Scotland and England.
2933:
2668:
2200:
668:, and continued to be protested against by Nationalist pamphlets into the 1950s and beyond. The title of 'Governor of the
2844:
2648:
2544:
2220:
1966:
1471:
521:
King on 5 February 1649, he did not strike coins in Scotland until 1664. His silver denominations were multiples of the
172:
are recorded in four areas; Edinburgh, Fife, Aberdeen and the Moray Firth. This may indicate such discoveries (e.g. the
2504:
1509:
549:, the Scottish silver (but not gold nor copper) coinage was replaced with new silver coins, with the aim of creating a
95:
that were obtained from trade with the westernmost outpost of the Roman Empire. Far from being isolated, the Celts of
2891:
2626:
2363:
2288:
2205:
2011:
1931:
1639:
1629:
1615:
616:
As a result of the recoinage, foreign coins, which were frequently used alongside the local currency, stopped being
1956:
1941:
1921:
2881:
180:(337β342) with over 20 such hoards found throughout Scotland. Rare examples include a base silver (potin) coin of
3018:
2950:
2308:
2098:
1981:
1698:
566:
1545:
1431:
1184:
224:
times and coins of this period indicate the extent of Scottish trade not only with Northumberland but also with
2718:
2389:
2125:
2115:
1577:
1445:
1267:
441:
943: β Billon, one of the earliest coins, dating from David I. Later made of copper; giving rise to the term
2960:
2464:
2414:
2336:
1951:
1865:
721:
appeared with either English or Scottish royal arms as reverses from 1937 to 1970, while its replacement the
888:
Testoun β silver, 1553. Was produced in France with the new process of mill and screw, being the first
3033:
2708:
2611:
2558:
2509:
2469:
2266:
2244:
1911:
1825:
1105:
1390:
Handbook of the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland in the British Museum, Herbert Appold Grueber, page lii
1363:
Handbook of Coins of Great Britain and Ireland in the British Museum, Herbert A. Greuber, pp. 192 and 194.
2918:
2854:
2713:
2658:
2120:
2110:
2083:
1926:
673:
550:
176:
hoard of between 200β400 silver coins) were deposited as votive offerings. Examples including coinage of
20:
1225:
3028:
2849:
2643:
2351:
2345:
2195:
2140:
2021:
1841:
1691:
2928:
2923:
2605:
2273:
2088:
993:
722:
2859:
2839:
2774:
2688:
2621:
2579:
2539:
2494:
2359:
2261:
2227:
2058:
1858:
987:
554:
336:
177:
46:
2834:
2449:
2232:
2145:
2135:
2016:
1961:
1820:
718:
507:
2723:
2514:
2298:
2210:
2168:
1996:
1446:"Notes on a collection of coining instruments in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh"
1099:
1089:
1023:
975:
865:
733:
514:
388:
349:
201:
2896:
2811:
2783:
2759:
2599:
2524:
2459:
2239:
2190:
2043:
2031:
1154:
1077:
1041:
1017:
928:
875:
518:
404:
212:; however, due to the extensive trade routes of the Vikings, sceat coins were also minted in
184:, 80β51 BC In 410, trade ceased as the Roman Empire withdrew from the island of Albion.
181:
24:
2693:
1572:
2940:
2886:
2873:
2474:
2318:
2313:
2177:
2159:
1971:
1916:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1011:
882:
861:
770:
759:
491:
444:, which placed the Scottish lion in the more prominent positions than the English version.
384:
262:
8:
2983:
2955:
2678:
2673:
2653:
2571:
2519:
2484:
2437:
2283:
2215:
2185:
2073:
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2006:
1946:
1936:
1903:
1893:
1083:
1053:
1029:
969:
844:
834:
789:
530:
429:
321:
150:
2901:
2764:
2631:
2404:
2399:
2341:
2254:
2078:
2001:
1986:
1557:
1408:
The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287 to 1948, John Craig, pages 147β149
1141:
1093:
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1635:
1625:
1611:
1417:
Coins of Scotland Ireland and the Islands, Peter Seaby and Frank Purvey, pages 79-83
1291:
669:
437:
108:
100:
2796:
2791:
2728:
2594:
2454:
2355:
1005:
981:
937: β also called Lion, billon coin circulated in the reigns of Mary and James VI
854:
729:
681:
677:
499:
233:
1743:
1216:
Borders and border politics in a globalizing world By Paul Ganster, David E. Lorey
714:, would be more associated with various foreign currencies by contemporary Scots.
2997:
2821:
2801:
2419:
2303:
1475:
1272:
1230:
745:
737:
699:
643:
598:
558:
204:. Thus, it controlled the southern parts of what is now Scotland, and the bronze
124:
113:
80:
1443:
1309:
Coins of Scotland Ireland and the Islands, Peter Seaby and Frank Purvey, page 1.
2806:
1830:
1372:
Coins of Scotland Ireland and the Islands, Peter Seaby and Frank Purvey, p. 55.
899:
889:
871:
605:
which literally means "coin of six" became the word for a halfpenny. Following
503:
495:
433:
413:
409:
209:
1468:
76:
coin of Vespasian (AD 69β79) typical of the Roman coins deposited at the
3012:
2825:
2589:
2529:
2498:
2374:
911: β Silver, equivalent to four pence, from 1357 (giving rise to the term
193:
158:
121:
104:
92:
77:
1672:
2584:
2534:
2479:
2048:
1778:
1760:
1127:
999:
956:
908:
717:
Some British coins later had explicitly Scottish reverses: for example the
665:
617:
562:
376:
2747:
1807:
1794:
1773:
1768:
1149:
940:
850:
741:
606:
582:
522:
237:
221:
197:
463:
281:
1991:
706:, continued in colloquial usage into the 20th century. Others, such as
196:, various kingdoms sprouted up to the south of Scotland. One of these,
154:
136:
1207:
Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia, Volumes 1β5 By John T. Koch
2328:
944:
912:
827:
Dollar β Replacement for the ryal, 60 Scots shillings (James VI)
146:
132:
128:
96:
73:
68:
1850:
1683:
1634:
Holmes, Nicholas, Scottish Coins, NMS Publishing, Edinburgh (1998),
232:
also introduced some form of coinage, and coins from as far away as
2638:
2409:
1881:
332:
229:
165:
117:
40:
781:
586:
397:
217:
56:
1489:"Forex Trading | Trade Currency Online | Forex Broker"
2735:
1728:
1318:
The Coin Atlas, J. Cribb, B. Cook, and I. Carradice, pp. 17β18
895:
526:
244:
which had strong links with Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
241:
213:
162:
1354:
The Coin Atlas, J. Cribb, B. Cook, and I. Carradice, pages 18
112:
recognise groupings of coins from certain periods, during the
1802:
1733:
924:
728:
Currently, three Scottish banks produce their own banknotes (
613:
became and remains the Scottish Gaelic word for a new penny.
273:
205:
168:
143:
88:
918:
Half-groat β Silver, equivalent to two pence, from 1357
631:, 1, 2, and 4 merks, 5 shillings, and the 3s 6d coin.
1548:, Athol L Murray, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1999
1434:, Athol L Murray, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1997
1399:
The Coin Atlas, J. Cribb, B. Cook, and I. Carradice, p. 18
664:
Abolition caused a low level of protest, mentioned by Sir
335:, including its English mint and nearby silver mines from
921:
Turner β Billon, two pence (James VI), later copper.
799:
FRβ’AN β’ ET β’ MA β’ D β’ G β’ R β’ R β’ SCOTORVM β’ D β’ D β’ VIE
1488:
561:. The exercise was conducted under the guidance of Sir
320:
The first king of Scots to produce his own coinage was
1444:
J W Hocking, Curator and Librarian of the Royal Mint.
1327:
Coins of Medieval Europe, Philip Grierson, pp. 157β158
962:
802:, crowned arms of Francis and Mary over cross potent
236:
and the Arabic countries have been found in sites in
1432:
Sir Isaac Newton and the Scottish recoinage, 1707β10
1117:
840:
Half-crown, Demi-Lion or Demys β Gold (James I)
646:stipulated that Scotland was to keep its own mint.
1622:Dictionnaire de numismatique mΓ©diΓ©vale occidentale
1263:
1261:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
423:
187:
1600:
1336:Coins of Medieval Europe, Philip Grierson, p. 158
131:coins AD 69β79 date to the reign of Emperor
19:For coins circulating in Scotland post-1707, see
3010:
1546:The Scottish Mint after the recoinage, 1709β1836
680:, was finally abolished with the passing of the
247:
1345:Coins in History, John Porteous, pages 149β150.
1258:
1167:
597:, which originally meant shilling, became the
593:This 12:1 ratio is reflected in the fact that
1866:
1699:
1680:Online books and articles on Scottish coinage
1276:, 3 November 2000. Retrieved 18 December 2000
1182:
881:Half-unicorn β Gold, 9 shillings Scots (
843:Ducat or "bonnet" β 40 shillings, 1539 (
810:, crowned FM; Lorraine cross to either side.
200:, soon expanded into the north as far as the
860:Noble β Gold, worth half a mark, 1357 (
1873:
1859:
1706:
1692:
1541:
1539:
1523:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1290:, Edinburgh University Press, p. 62,
637:
479:Royal arms of Scotland and Scottish Crown
1381:Grant's Old and New Edinburgh vol.2 p.269
751:
725:had a crowned thistle from 1971 to 2008.
1285:
1185:"Roman coins found in Scotland, 1971β82"
1108:(1701β1714, no coins minted after Union)
545:between the Kingdom of Scotland and the
67:
1646:Coin Price Guide to British coins 1066-
1584:
1536:
1420:
3011:
1648:Token Publishing Ltd, Axminster, Devon
853: β Gold (giving rise to the term
536:
1880:
1854:
1713:
1687:
874:β Gold, 18 shillings Scots, 1484β85 (
23:. For modern Scottish banknotes, see
2201:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
824:Pistole β Gold, 12 pounds Scots
294:, crowned head left; sceptre before
341:Tealby, short cross, and long cross
302:, long cross; mullets in quarters.
192:As the Roman Empire retreated from
91:in Scotland were introduced by the
13:
1742:
1268:Romans paid Scots protection money
963:Scottish monarchs who issued coins
569:some years earlier in his role as
565:, who had previously directed the
14:
3045:
2627:Scottish Qualifications Authority
2364:Office of the Accountant of Court
2289:Member of the Scottish Parliament
1666:
1226:Ancient coins discovered on beach
807:β’ FECIT β’ VTRAQVE β’ VNVM β’ 1558 β’
161:. Some sites include substantial
135:. Other sites include coins from
57:Ancient history and Roman trade (
1660:Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland
1134:
1120:
788:
702:Certain old coin names, such as
474:MAGN BRITANN FRANC ET HIBERN REX
462:
364:
280:
16:Coinage of Scotland before 1707
1655:, Spink & Son, London, 1955
1566:
1551:
1502:
1481:
1462:
1437:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
775:
764:
601:word for a penny sterling, and
452:
424:Union of the Crowns (from 1603)
354:
326:
267:
188:Early medieval period (500β900)
1601:References and further reading
1578:Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
1469:Price History: 2000 to Present
1312:
1303:
1279:
1237:
1219:
1210:
1201:
442:Royal coat of arms of Scotland
1:
1624:. Paris, LΓ©opard d'Or, 1996.
818:Scottish weights and measures
308:
249:
58:
31:
3024:Economic history of Scotland
1977:Colonisation of the Americas
1288:Get set for English language
1286:Robinson, Christine (2003),
484:Briot's 1637 milled coinage
428:In 1604, the year after the
7:
1662:(ed. Keay & Keay, 1994)
1610:. Shire Book, Bucks, 1987,
1245:"National Museums Scotland"
1113:
927: β Copper, two pence (
833:Crown or Lion β Gold (
674:Chancellor of the Exchequer
21:Coins of the pound sterling
10:
3050:
2649:Inventions and discoveries
2352:Supreme Courts of Scotland
1842:Coins of Scotland category
1558:The Scottish Gaelic Column
93:Roman provinces of Britain
83:in the late first century.
18:
2977:
2924:Scottish Episcopal Church
2872:
2820:
2782:
2773:
2606:Curriculum for Excellence
2570:
2566:
2557:
2445:
2436:
2327:
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2167:
2158:
2039:
2030:
1902:
1889:
1839:
1787:
1753:
1740:
1721:
1673:Scottish coins until 1707
1155:Modern Scottish banknotes
787:
758:
483:
461:
449:
363:
348:
307:18 mm; 1.31 g;
306:
279:
261:
2360:High Court of Justiciary
1644:Mackay β Mussel (eds.):
1581:, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
1160:
555:Kingdom of Great Britain
337:Stephen, King of England
331:). In 1136 he captured
47:Kingdom of Great Britain
2934:Free Church of Scotland
2221:International relations
692:is still translated as
672:', which passed to the
638:Subsequent developments
508:Commonwealth of England
3019:Currencies of Scotland
2515:Royal Bank of Scotland
2211:Great Seal of Scotland
1747:
1478:, The Silver Institute
830:Ryal β Gold, 1565
752:List of Scottish coins
734:Royal Bank of Scotland
661:
515:Parliament of Scotland
457:) silver 60 shillings
389:Robert III of Scotland
202:Kingdom of Strathclyde
84:
2812:British Sign Language
2279:Members of Parliament
2206:Deputy First Minister
2044:Anglo-Scottish border
2012:Industrial Revolution
1746:
1678:Digital Library Numis
902:, six pence from 1537
648:
573:(and subsequently as
531:James VII of Scotland
471:Charles I with title
405:James III of Scotland
182:Ptolemy XIII of Egypt
120:occupations; such as
71:
25:Banknotes of Scotland
2755:World Heritage Sites
1952:Wars of Independence
1653:The Scottish Coinage
1651:Ian Halley Stewart.
1592:The Scottish Coinage
1531:The Scottish Coinage
567:recoinage in England
385:David II of Scotland
149:, and the broch and
3034:Kingdom of Scotland
2545:International trade
2099:Mountains and hills
2007:Highland Clearances
1982:Glorious Revolution
1947:Davidian Revolution
1894:Outline of Scotland
1183:Anne S. Robertson.
698:(English pound) in
655:Article XVI of the
557:as required by the
541:Following the 1707
537:1707β1710 recoinage
430:Union of the Crowns
2902:Church of Scotland
2694:Royal National MΓ²d
2632:Education Scotland
2405:Scots property law
2400:College of Justice
2309:Secretary of State
2131:Biosphere reserves
2002:Lowland Clearances
1987:1707 Acts of Union
1748:
1533:, p. 120 & ff.
1474:2011-11-29 at the
1142:Numismatics portal
1006:Robert I the Bruce
982:William I the Lion
864:, reintroduced by
642:Article 16 of the
575:Master of the Mint
571:Warden of the Mint
547:Kingdom of England
502:with machine made
226:continental Europe
85:
49:, and then of the
3029:Coins of Scotland
3006:
3005:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2961:Ethnic minorities
2919:Roman Catholicism
2868:
2867:
2553:
2552:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2415:Prison population
2395:Sheriff principal
2390:Solicitor General
2385:Procurator fiscal
2294:Political parties
2154:
2153:
1932:Early Middle Ages
1848:
1847:
1715:Coins of Scotland
1562:Scottish Radiance
1297:978-0-7486-1544-5
814:
813:
488:
487:
438:Crown of Scotland
396:crucified on his
382:
381:
318:
317:
291:+DAVID DEI GRACIA
3041:
2986:
2907:General Assembly
2797:Scottish English
2792:Highland English
2780:
2779:
2669:Oldest buildings
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2510:Renewable energy
2455:Bank of Scotland
2443:
2442:
2356:Court of Session
2337:Advocate General
2267:Military history
2245:Local government
2174:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2037:
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1957:Late Middle Ages
1942:High Middle Ages
1875:
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1694:
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1606:Donald Bateson.
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1451:. Ads.ahds.ac.uk
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1190:. Ads.ahds.ac.uk
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778: 1558β1560
777:
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767: 1542β1567
766:
756:
755:
730:Bank of Scotland
682:Coinage Act 1971
678:Coinage Act 1870
670:Mint of Scotland
659:
630:
629:
625:
500:hammered coinage
476:
475:
466:
456:
455: 1625β1649
454:
447:
446:
368:
358:
357: 1390β1406
356:
346:
345:
330:
329: 1124β1153
328:
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312: 1351β1357
310:
301:
300:
293:
292:
284:
271:
270: 1329β1371
269:
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248:Scottish Penny (
72:An example of a
63:
60:
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2769:
2674:Performing arts
2549:
2424:
2420:Police Scotland
2323:
2304:Scotland Office
2150:
2111:Protected areas
2026:
1898:
1885:
1879:
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1658:"Coinage" β in
1620:Jean Belaubre.
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738:Clydesdale Bank
700:Scottish Gaelic
695:Punnd Sasannach
660:
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644:Treaty of Union
640:
627:
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599:Scottish Gaelic
559:Treaty of Union
551:common currency
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400:-shaped cross.
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607:decimalisation
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504:milled coinage
496:Nicholas Briot
486:
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178:Constantine II
109:Hadrian's Wall
101:Hadrian's Wall
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1997:Enlightenment
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2689:Prostitution
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2580:Architecture
2540:Unemployment
2535:Silicon Glen
2495:Oil industry
2480:Harris Tweed
2370:Crown Office
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2240:Independence
2228:Human rights
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2450:Agriculture
2314:Nationalism
2233:LGBT rights
2136:Environment
2017:Romanticism
1972:Reformation
1962:Renaissance
1927:Middle Ages
1922:Roman times
1917:Prehistoric
1512:. Multidict
1510:"Multidict"
1247:. Nms.ac.uk
1150:Pound Scots
1102:(1694β1701)
1096:(1689β1694)
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1080:(1660β1685)
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978:(1153β1165)
972:(1124β1153)
742:Isle of Man
517:proclaimed
450:Charles I (
373:Royal Arms
299:SCT TOR VM+
253: 1100
238:Scandinavia
222:Anglo-Saxon
198:Northumbria
141:Fairy Knowe
99:, north of
39:coinage of
35: 1124
3013:Categories
2912:Moderators
2855:Scientists
2741:regimental
2684:Placenames
2679:Philosophy
2654:Literature
2284:Parliament
2216:Government
2186:Devolution
2169:Government
2126:Ecoregions
2116:Waterfalls
1992:Jacobitism
1765:Half Groat
1516:2015-08-30
1495:2015-08-30
1455:2015-08-30
1251:2015-08-30
1194:2015-08-30
1100:William II
1090:William II
1078:Charles II
1024:Robert III
976:Malcolm IV
929:Charles II
866:Robert III
676:under the
603:bonn-a-sia
519:Charles II
394:St. Andrew
350:Robert III
155:Gargunnock
137:North Uist
2897:Christmas
2850:Musicians
2845:Inventors
2784:Languages
2760:Festivals
2600:Education
2525:Transport
2465:Companies
2460:Charities
2191:Elections
2079:Highlands
2032:Geography
1812:Demi-Lion
1799:Half Demi
1590:Stewart:
1529:Stewart:
1084:James VII
1072:Charles I
1042:James III
1018:Robert II
945:pennyland
913:groatland
876:James III
609:in 1971,
492:Charles I
490:In 1636,
234:Byzantium
147:Buchlyvie
133:Vespasian
129:dupondius
97:Caledonia
74:dupondius
2993:Category
2941:Hinduism
2887:Buddhism
2874:Religion
2704:Surnames
2644:Identity
2639:Hogmanay
2617:Colleges
2475:Forestry
2410:Udal law
2319:Unionism
2274:Monarchs
2178:Politics
2160:Politics
2094:Lowlands
1912:Timeline
1882:Scotland
1472:Archived
1114:See also
1066:James VI
1048:James IV
1036:James II
1012:David II
935:Hardhead
905:Shilling
898: β
883:James IV
862:David II
855:markland
816:As with
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653:β
611:sgillinn
595:sgillinn
587:moneyers
434:sterling
414:James VI
333:Carlisle
263:David II
230:Norsemen
166:treasure
118:Antonine
41:Scotland
2984:Outline
2956:Sikhism
2951:Judaism
2860:Writers
2840:Artists
2748:unicorn
2709:Symbols
2659:Museums
2612:Schools
2595:Cuisine
2572:Culture
2559:Society
2520:Tourism
2485:Housing
2470:Fishing
2438:Economy
2250:History
2104:Highest
2084:Islands
2074:Geology
2054:Climate
1937:Kingdom
1904:History
1831:Unicorn
1821:Pistole
1491:. OANDA
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1030:James I
970:David I
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845:James V
835:James I
782:testoon
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723:5p coin
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410:unicorn
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220:during
218:Jutland
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2765:Comedy
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